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CHAPTER-1
1.1INTRODUCTION
The project is about the conversion of single phase into three phase for drive utility. In
addition to this the drive also performs the functions like running the three phase induction
motor in forward direction, reverse direction, and in constant speed (jog). Also the drive is
able to sense the fault and issue the alarm signal.
Most commercial and industrial electrical equipment requires three phase power based on
electrical demand of heavy manufacturing population and general industry. In rural areas or
commercial office building that were not originally designed to support heavy manufacturing
utilities do not install three phase power because the cost is significantly more than single
phase installation.
For many years, people have been using different technology to generate three phase power
from single-phase supply sources. Common technology include rotary phase converter, static
converters and variable frequency drives. As initial investment costs of VLT drive have
lowered and product reliability has increased, more users are turning to VLT drive as the best
solution to convert single-phase motor applications to three-phase, because their process
demands have changed requiring variable speed control. Common applications utilizing VLT
drive with single-phase input are submersible well pumps, centrifugal pumps, irrigation
systems, fountain systems, and pump jacks [1].
In this project one such drive as VLTmicro drive is used as controller for three phase motor.
CHAPTER-2
This chapter discuss the features, benefits, performance, protection, safety instruction,
An AC drive is a device that is used to control the speed of an electrical motor. The speed is
controlled by changing the frequency of the electrical supply to the motor. The three-phase
voltage in national electrical grid connected to a motor creates a rotating magnetic field in it.
High quality components and genuine VLT® SOLUTIONS MAKES VLT® micro drive
extremely reliable. Important features of the drive is listed below.
BRIDGE RECTIFIER - rectifies the incoming single phase AC power and converts in
to DC
CAPACITOR - provides a smooth rectified DC voltage.
IGBT’S- The basic working principle of inverter is switching the DC on and off. The
switching is control to vary the frequency of simulated AC that is applied to the motor.
AC motor characteristics require the applied voltage to be proportionally adjusted by
the VLT whenever the frequency is changed.
2.4.HIGH PERFORMANCE
Despite the compact size and the easy commissioning, VLT® micro drive can be setup to
perform perfectly even in complex application set-ups. Approximately 100parameters can
be set to optimize energy efficiency and operation.
2.5.PROTECTIONAL FEATURES
2.6.SAFETY INSTRUCTION
2.7.ADVANTAGES OF AC DRIVES
2.8.DISADVANTAGES OF AC DRIVES
2.9.APPLICATION OF AC DRIVE
HVAC systems
Water supply pump in power plant
Boiler feed pump
Energy saving on condensing water pump
Hotel air conditioning fans
Variable flow hydronic system
Condensing pump of power generator
Pumps on pressure booster system
CHAPTER-3
This chapter discuss the drive interfacing, connecting mains and motors, estimation, testing and
troubleshoot.
Fig3.1.drive interfacing
The above figure shows the drive interfacing, the bridge rectifier converts AC input to DC
current and then simulates AC output since the output is conditioned by the VLT micro dive.
The electronics of the VLT micro drive will step up single phase current during the conversion
process. To do this, input power is first converted to DC current using bridge rectifier, and then
converted to the desired output current using capacitor and diodes. The DC supply which is fed
to the inverter converts DC supply into AC supply in the form of three wire, that is three phase
supply. After the conversion the three phase supply is given to load which is three phase
induction motor. A 3 phase motor is simply attaches to the appropriate output connectors of the
VLT micro drive.
The frequency converter is designed to operate all standard 3-phased induction motors. The
frequency converter is designed to accept mains /motor cable
Status
Navigation keys
[back]: for moving to the previous steps or layers in the navigation structure.
[ꓥ] [ꓦ]: for manoeuvring between parameter groups, parameter and within parameters.
[ok]: for selecting a parameter and for accepting changes to parameter settings.
Pressing [ꓥ] [ꓦ]: to change value. Press[ok] to shift between digits quikly.
To exit adjust mode, press [ok] more than 1 again with changes savings or press [back] without
changes saving.
Operational keys
A yellow indicator light above the operation keys indicates the active key.
[hand on]: starts the motor and enables control of the frequency converter via the LCP.
[Auto on]: the frequency converter is controlled either via control terminals or serial
communication.
[potentiometer ](LCP12): the potentiometer works in 2 ways depending on the mode in which
the frequency converter is running.
3.3.FABRICATION
The panel boards of wood is cut in the size required by the stand, drive, motor,
terminals, switch.
The panel boards then fixed to the stand with bolts and nuts.
All the materials are assembled in right places in the board.
VLT micro drive is fitted in the board.
After, the installation of all equipments and materials as shown in below diagram.
Forward rotation
Reverse rotation
Constant rotation (jog)
Alarm
3.5.ESTIMATION OF PROJECT
Estimation is nothing but before carrying out a work it is necessary to know probable cost of
materials and labour cost.
4 Alarm no 1 40 40
5 SP Switch nos 2 20 40
7 Screw nos 3 5 15
8 Bushes nos 4 5 20
3.6.TESTING
In this section the testing of micro drive have been carried out and the observation are recorded
for the below testing
Forward rotation
Reverse rotation
Constant rotation (jog)
Alarm
The direction of the motor shaft rotates in clock wise direction then it is known as forward
direction.
The below figure shows the flow chart of the forward rotation.
The direction of the motor shaft rotates in anti-clock direction is known as reverse rotation.
The below figure shows the flow chart of the reverse rotation.
The motor shaft rotates in same(constant) speed without change in speed is known as constant
rotation (jog), this type of rotation is mainly used in conveyors.
When the fault occur the drive sense the fault and gives the signal is
known as the alarm signal`
After 30 sec drive sense the fault and gives the alarm signal
29 Power board over temp X X X Heat sink cut-out temperature has been
reached.
30 Motor phase u missing X X Motor phase u is missing. check the phase.
31 Motor phase v missing X X Motor phase v is missing. check the phase.
32 Motor phase w missing X X Motor phase w is missing,. Check the
phase.
38 Internal fault X X Contact local Danfoss supplier.
44 Ground fault X X Discharge from output phases to ground
47 Control voltage fault X X 24 V DC is overloaded.
51 AMA check u X Wrong setting for motor voltage and/or
Unom and Inom motor current.
52 AMA low Inom X Motor current is too low. Check settings.
59 Current limit X X Frequency converter overloaded.
63 Mechanical brake low X Actual motor current has not exceeded the
release brake-current within the start
delay-time window.
80 Frequency converter X All parameter settings are initialized to
initialized to default default settings.
value
84 The connection between X No communication between LCP and
frequency converter and frequency converter.
LCP is lost
85 Key disabled X See parameter group 0-4° LCP
86 Copy fail X An error occurred while copying from
frequency converter to LCP, or from LCP
to frequency converter.
87 LCP data invalid X Occurs when copying from LCP if the
LCP contains erroneous data-or if no data
was uploaded to the LCP.
LCP data not compatible X Occurs when copying from LCP if data are
88 moved between frequency converters with
major difference in software versions.
89 Parameter read only X Occurs when trying to write to a read-only
parameter.
90 Parameter database only X LCP and R-485 connection are trying to
update parameters simultaneously.
91 Parameter value is not X Occurs when trying to write am illegal
valid in this mode value to a parameter.
92 Parameter value X Occur when trying to set a value outside
exceeds the min/max the range.
limits
Nw run Not while Runnin X Parameters can only be changed when the
motor is stopped.
Err. A wrong password was X Occurs when using a wrong password for
entered changing a password-protected parameters
CHAPTER4
CONCLUSION
VLT micro drive helps to save energy in many application. It is a power conversion device. It
coverts a basic fixed frequency to a variable frequency, variable voltage output. This fixed
output voltage is used to control the speed of induction motors. Primary function of a VLT
micro drive in a aquatic application is to provide energy saving. It enables the motor to run in
forward direction, reverse direction, constant speed(jog).
REFERENCE:-
[1] www.invertekdrives.com