Government at a Glance 2015

www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm

Country Fact Sheet

Turkey

Women are underrepresented in public employment and politics

At 12.9% in 2013, public sector employment as a percentage of total employment is below the OECD aver-
age of 21.3% and has decreased slightly (1 percentage point) between 2009 and 2013. In addition, reaching
10% in 2015 there are very few women parliamentarians in Turkey compared to an OECD average of 27.8%.
Furthermore, only 4% of the cabinet consists of women compared to 29.3% female ministers on average
among OECD countries.
Chapter 3: Public employment and compensation
Public sector employment as a percentage of total employment
Share of women parliamentarians and legislated gender quotas
Share of women ministers

Turkey formally requires Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA),

but it is not fully utilised in practice
The principle of using RIA is embedded in the Turkish rules for legislative drafting. Indeed, each regulatory
proposal above the level of TRY 10 million must be supported by a RIA, analysing business impacts and
cost. Additionally, Turkey disposes of a Centre of Government body responsible for RIA quality control.
However, the practice of undertaking RIA is not yet fully embedded within the Turkish administration, as
these impacts are not always analysed, RIAs are not published and not sent to the Parliament with the pro-
posals for which they are compiled.
Chapter 8: Regulatory governance
RIA – Formal requirements, practice and assessment of costs and benefits

The Turkish judicial system is amongst the best performers in terms of timeliness,
however citizens’ satisfaction with its quality is relatively low
Citizens in Turkey benefit from responsive judicial systems. The average disposition time of judicial pro-
ceedings in Turkey is around 130 days, which is amongst the best across OECD countries. This short delay
in the treatment of cases is partly due to the well-developed ICT system that serves all courts. Indeed, Tur-
key disposes of one of the world’s most advanced systems of electronic support for judicial bodies that has
received numerous international awards. Nonetheless, the satisfaction of Turkish citizens (48%) with the
judicial system is below the OECD average (54%).
Chapter 12: Serving Citizens
Disposition time in days for first instance civil and commercial litigious cases
Citizens‘ confidence with the judicial system
 How to read the figures:
Values have been rounded.
Country value in blue Average of OECD countries Range of OECD country
n.a. refers to
(not represented if not available) in green values in grey
Turkey data not available

GOVERNMENT INPUTS: FINANCIAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES

Public Finance & Economics Public Employment & Compensation

Public Finance and Economics

Government revenues Government expenditures Public investment Government gross debt *
(2013) (2013) (2013) (2013)
% of GDP % of GDP % of of total govt. expenditures % of GDP

39.8% 100%

Turkey Turkey Turkey Turkey

0%

n.a. 37.7% n.a. 41.9% n.a. 7.8%

109.3% 100%

0%

20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250%

Source: OECD National Accounts

Source: OECD National Accounts Source: OECD National Accounts Source: OECD National Accounts * SNA definition, see Notes

Fiscal balance *
(2013)
% of GDP

-15% -10% -5% 0% +5% +10% +15%

n.a. -4.2%
Turkey
G@G /data

Source: OECD National Accounts. * See Notes

Public Employment and Compensation

Public sector employment Public sector employment Share of women ministers
as % of total employment (2013) filled by women (2013) (2015)

Turkey Turkey Turkey

12.9% n.a. 4.0%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

21.3% 58.0% 29.3%

Source: International Labour Organization (database) Source: International Labour Organization (database) Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union Parline Database
G@G /data
 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
Institutions Regulatory Governance Public Procurement Public Sector Integrity Digital Government

Institutions Regulatory Governance

Level of Stakeholder engagement and consultation (2014)
influence of the
Centre of Government Stakeholder engagement to inform
Consultation on draft regulations
over line ministries officials about the problem and
or proposed rules
(2013) possible solutions
Subordinate Subordinate
Primary laws regulations Primary laws regulations

High For some For major

For some For major
subordinate subordinate
Turkey primary laws primary laws
Turkey regulations regulations
30%
3% 6% 68% 53%
59%
15% 9% 6% 18%
11% 65% 62% 18% 24%
15% 23% 6% 5%
2% 0% 2% 0%
High Moderate Low
For all primary laws / For major primary laws / For some primary laws / Not
Never applicable
subordinate regulations subordinate regulations subordinate regulations

Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Centre of Government Source: OECD Regulatory Policy Outlook (forthcoming)

Public Procurement
Procurement expenditure Strategic public procurement - Objectives
(2013) (2014)
% of government expenditures
Support for green Support for Support for innovative
public procurement SMEs goods and services

Turkey

Turkey

n.a. 29.0%
13 26 1 2 10 25 0 3 10 23 0 3

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% A strategy / policy has been developed by some procuring entities A strategy / policy has been rescinded
A strategy / policy has been developed at a central level A strategy / policy has never been developed

Source: OECD National Accounts Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Public Procurement

Digital Gov. Public Sector Integrity

OURdata Index: Level of disclosure of private interests
Open, Useful, Reusable across branches of government
Government Data (2014) * (2014)
Composite index
from 0 lowest to 1 highest
Executive Branch Legislative Branch Judicial Branch “At risk” areas
1
High level
64
n.a. 58
0.8 44 50 50 50
Turkey Medium level
32
0.6 26
Low level
0.4

0.2
0.58
Turkey Turkey Turkey Turkey
0
Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Open Government Data. * See Notes Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Managing Conflict of Interest in the Executive Branch and Whistleblower Protection
 GOVERNMENT OUTPUTS AND OUTCOMES
Core Government Results and Service Delivery
Satisfaction and confidence across public services (2014)
% of citizens expressing confidence/satisfaction

Health care
71% 71%
100

80

60

40

National government Education system

20
Turkey
56% 42% 53% 67%

Average

Range

Judicial system
48% 54%
Source: Gallup World Poll

Access to healthcare (2012) Equity in learning outcomes (2012)

Out of pocket expenditure as a % of final household consumption PISA mathematics score variance by socio economic background

1.2% 2.8% 14.5% 14.8%

Turkey Turkey
0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

Source: OECD Health Statistics 2014 Source: OECD, PISA 2012 results: Excellence through equity, 2013

Changes in household disposable income, Limited government powers

by income group (2007-2011) (2014)
5%

0% 0.37
Turkey
0.1% 1.3% -1.6% -0.8% -5%
Turkey -10% 0.76
Bottom Top Bottom Top
10% 10% 10% 10% -15% [0.37-0.92]

Source: OECD Income Distribution Database Source: The World Justice Project

Notes
 Fiscal balance as reported in the System of National Accounts (SNA) framework, also referred to as net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) of government, is calculated as total government revenues minus total government expenditures.
 Structural fiscal balance, or underlying balance, represents the fiscal balance adjusted for the state of the economic cycle (as measured by the output gap which resulted as the difference between actual and potential GDP) and one-off
fiscal operations.
 Government gross debt is reported according to the SNA definition, which differs from the definition applied under the Maastricht Treaty. It is defined as all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest or principal by the
debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. All debt instruments are liabilities, but some liabilities such as shares, equity and financial derivatives are not debt.
 OUR Data Index for Turkey not available because the country does not have a Central/federal centralized Open Government Data Portal.

Government at a Glance 2015

With a focus on public administration, OECD Government at a Glance 2015 provides readers with a dashboard of key indicators assembled with the
goal of contributing to the analysis and international comparison of public sector performance across OECD countries. Indicators on public finances
and employment are provided alongside composite indexes summarising aspects of public management policies, and indicators on services to
citizens in health care, education, and justice. Government at a Glance 2015 also includes indicators on key governance and public management
issues, such as regulatory management, budgeting practices and procedures, public sector integrity, public procurement and core government
results in terms of trust in institutions, income redistribution and efficiency and cost-effectiveness of governments.

The Excel spreadsheets used to create the tables and figures in Government at a Glance 2015 are available
via the StatLinks provided throughout the publication:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/gov_glance-2015-en
For more information on the data (including full methodology and figure notes)
and to consult all other Country Fact Sheets: www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm