A.

PREPARATION June 14-15, 2017

1. Explore/ Review
The following is a question that will be presented to the students:
 What are the possible words that are connected with the word, Philosophy?
2. Motivation
The following question is presented to the students:
Mother and I
In the empty box before each item, put a check mark ( ) on the experience that you think expresses
moments of being in the world philosophy. Leave blank the item(s) blank which you think are not.
1. Your mother asked you to go the market and you asked her what items you need to buy.
2. Your mother asked you to go to the market and asked how much is the budget to take with you.
3. Your mother asked you to go to the market and you asked why it is wise to buy in the wet market than in
supermarket.
4. Your mother asked you to go to the market and you asked her why your family is buying meat when a
vegetarian’s life is more ideal.
5. Your mother asked you to go to the market and you asked yourself, “Why do people have to buy things
when God created nature where these goods come from?”

B. PRESENTATION: Presentation of lesson/ Cases/ Analysis (Major Topics/ Subtopics)

A. Introduction: Discovering Philosophical Reflection

At some point of our lives, we may have asked difficult questions though perhaps you have never
discussed it with anyone, right? The 5th question is a good example. Thinking about it is to engage in
a philosophical reflection because it requires you to look at a particular experience in a wider
perspective and it is not an easy question but, a difficult one.
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  Human beings usually ask, “Why am I here?” “WALANG FOREVER”
To reflect some say, “Why love when, you’ll only get hurt?”
philosophically, it is  The thing is, no amount of research would be able to provide definite ad concrete
to think about an answers to these puzzling questions.
important question  Thinking we got the answer, but surprisingly we end up asking another question. These
that does not have a answers then direct the way we go through life. These sorts of questions are called
definite or ready Philosophical.
answer.
 When we ask philosophical questions, we do not simply inquire about a specific question
that is triggered by certain situations, but it implies that we are more concerned with the
bigger universal existence of the human existence.
 The answer one finds will determine his choices in life.
Thinking beyond thinking.
B. Meaning of METAPHYSICS Meta, beyond/ Physika,
Philosophy physical
1. Philosophy – Etymologically, the word “philosophy” comes from two Greek words, Philo meaning “to
love” and Sophia meaning “wisdom.” Thus, Philosophy means “The love of wisdom.” Wisdom is the
goal of Philosophy.
Other meaning: It is also a science that by natural light of reason studies the first causes or highest
principles of all things.

Under this definition, there are four things to be considered:

a. Science – It is a science, because Philosophy also involves investigation and investigation is
systematic that follow certain steps or it employs certain procedures. Thus, Philosophy is an organized
body of knowledge just like any other sciences.

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b. Natural Light of Reason – Philosophy investigate things and not by using any laboratory instruments
or investigative tool, neither on the basis of supernatural revelation, otherwise it becomes theology. So
instead, the philosopher uses his natural capacity to think simply, human reason alone – unaided
reason.

c. Study of All Things – This sets the distinction of philosophy among other sciences. e.g. Sociologists
study society. Whereas, philosophy studies human beings, society, religion, language, God, plants
and among other concerns.
Philosophy is not one dimensional or partial. A philosopher does not limit himself to a particular object of
inquiry. He questions almost everything – he is multidimensional or holistic.

d. First Cause or Highest Principle – A supposed ultimate cause of all events, which does not itself
have a cause.

The following principles are:

1. Principle of Identity – Whatever is is; whatever is not, not; everything is what it is.
2. Principle of Non-Contradiction – It is impossible for a thing to be and not be at the same time, and
at same respect.
3. Principle of Excluded Middle – a thing is either is or not; everything must be either or not be;
between being and not being, there is no middle ground possible.
4. Principle of Sufficient Reason – nothing exists without sufficient reason for its being and existence.

Finally, in attaining wisdom, there is a need for emptying. Emptying can be intellectual. For
instance, a Taoist considers an empty cup, is more useful than a full one. This means simplicity and

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 humility. Emptying is also, spiritual. For Christians, poverty in spirit means compassion. It is also
physical; the Buddhists refrain from the misuse of the senses.

C. APPLICATION (SYNTHESIS)
The following question is presented to the students:
1. What is your Philosophy?
2. What are the four things to be considered, since Philosophy is also a Science?

D. GENERALIZATION (CONCEPT)

Philosophy is the love of wisdom. It is also a science that through human capacity and reason
you are able to know the ultimate cause of all the things and the events. In this field, instruments
and other technical means are no use, it is only by his mental and rational capacity, he is able to
explore more of his environment and furthermore, philosophy is multidimensional or holistic, it
encompasses many of the sciences.

E. EVALUATION

The following question is presented to the students:

1. What is your Philosophy in life?

1. Metaphysics
F. ASSIGNMENT/ HOMEWORK 2. Ethics
3. Epistemology
Give the meaning of the following terms: 4. Logic
5. Aesthetics
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