Filosofía y Exegesis PDF

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Las alas del alma plotiniana en su lectura del Fedro
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Gabriel Martino
Universidad de Buenos Aires
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algunos pasajes reveladores de la Vida de Plotino(/#4%!4!'.'(<5*(.#$(/*47!0*.(
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Key words: 3+*-*$!$E(:"'0#.!$7E(5.8*$2*.8*8($#5"E Phaedrus; Life of Plotinus
Gabriel Martino
Introducción
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Revista de Filosofía, >#";(PPCB6(QR(S6(TUSV(Y(BJJQ(SUSZX[S\P

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los pensadores inmediatamente anteriores a PlotinoD. La resultante de esta
lectura son diferentes imágenes medianamente sistemáticas de la filosofía de
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8*(:"'01.(<5*(/'4'(*"($!-"#(BB(8;`()'($*(*.25*.04'(2#7/"*0'(kcf. Dillon, J., Alcinous, The Hand-
book of Platonism,(]+%#48f(`"'4*.8#.(:4*$$6(S[[\6(//;(++!+()(ss;()(IG!00'O*46(o;6(Alcinoos,
Enseignement des doctrines de Platon,(:'4&$f(e*$(g*""*$(e*004*$6(S[[U6(//;(+>!!X+++l;
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der Römischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung, Band
2.36.1 (Principat), g*4"&.f(8*(N45)0*46(S[DW6(//;(SUVSXSUVV;(H'7=!,.(cf;(`G!'4'8#..'6(^;6(

Gabriel Martino
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tieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren
Forschung, Band 2.36.1 (Principat), g*4"&.f(8*(N45)0*46(S[DW6(//;(DSXST\;
11
Plotino, Enéadas, CXCB6( !.04#8522!1.6( 04'8522!1.( )( .#0'$( 8*( o;( B-'"6( n'84!8f( N4*8#$6(
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( J#=4*(*"(7#8#(*.(<5*(:"#0!.#(2!0'('(:"'01.(cf. `G'445*6(o;(n;6(Plotin, lecteur de Platon,
:'4&$f(e*$(g*""*$(e*004*$6(S[WD6(//;(VUXVS;
13
Gerson, L. (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Plotinus6(`'7=4!8-*f(`'7=4!8-*(b.!>*4$!0)(
Press, 1999, p. 10.

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interpretaciones acerca de este tema propuestas por los estudiosos modernos
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estudiosos de la filosofía de Plotino, tanto antiguos como modernos, sostienen
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*.("'(/4!7*4'($*22!1.(8*"(*$24!0#;
Primera parte: el carácter de la exégesis plotiniana de la tradición precedente
H'"(2#7#('%!47'7#$(*.(.5*$04'(Introducción6("'(#=4'(%!"#$1%!2'(/"#0!.!'.'(
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Cf. g#)$XJ0#.*$6(N;(^;6(Post-Hellenistic Philosophy6(]+%#48f(]+%#48(b.!>*4$!0)(:4*$$6(TUUS6(

Gabriel Martino
J!(/4#%5.8!@'7#$(*.("#$(*$058!#$(""*>'8#$('(2'=#(854'.0*(*"($!-"#(PP6(
*.2#.04'7#$( >'"!#$'$( 4*%"*+!#.*$( <5*( /5*8*.( ')58'4.#$( '( 2#7/4*.8*4( "'(
4*"'2!1.(*.04*(%!"#$#%&'()(*+,-*$!$(*.("'$(Enéadas;(3.57*4*7#$6(*.(/4!7*4("5-'46(
algunas opiniones de los especialistas referentes al dilema de la fidelidad o
!.8*/*.8*.2!'(/"#0!.!'.'(4*$/*20#(8*(:"'01.;(h')('50#4*$(<5*(2#.$!8*4'.(<5*("'(
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/#4(*A*7/"#6(<5!*.($#$0!*.*(<5*(/'4'(:"#0!.#("'(>*48'8(8*=*($*4(=5$2'8'(.#(*.(
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)(25'$!(8!>!.#$6()(<5*(*$(2#.>*.!*.0*($#7*0*4$*('("'(#/!.!1.(8*('<5*""#$()'(<5*(
*$0#( *$( 5.'( 2#.8!2!1.( .*2*$'4!'( /'4'( *"( =5*.( 8*$'44#""#( 8*"( /*.$'7!*.0#16.
?47$04#.-6('$!7!$7#6($#$0!*.*(<5*(:"'01.(*$("'('50#4!8'8($5/4*7'(/'4'(:"#0!.#6(
*"(p.!2#(%!"1$#%#('"(<5*(2#.$!8*4'(79$('""9(8*(0#8#(24!0!2!$7#17. Otros autores,
/#4(*"(2#.04'4!#6(2#.2!=*.("'(4*"'2!1.(8*(:"#0!.#(2#.(:"'01.(8*(5.(7#8#(8!%*4*.0*;(
^!$0()(3#.6(/#4(*A*7/"#6(2#.$!8*4'.(<5*(:"#0!.#(50!"!@'("'$(%5*.0*$(/"'01.!2'$(
8*( 5.( 7#8#( !.8*/*.8!*.0*( )( '501.#7#SD;( n9$( 4*2!*.0*7*.0*6( `G!'4'8#..'(
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]04'(8*("'$(25*$0!#.*$(<5*("#$(G!$0#4!'8#4*$($*(G'.(/"'.0*'8#(*.(4*"'2!1.(
2#.("'(*+,-*$!$(/"#0!.!'.'(8*(:"'01.()(8*("'(04'8!2!1.(2#.$!$0*(*.($!("'(%!"#$#%&'(8*(
:"#0!.#(*$(#4!-!.'"(#(.#;(^!$06(/#4(*A*7/"#6('$*>*4'(<5*(:"#0!.#(*$(#4!-!.'"(/#4<5*(
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//;(SVZXSVD6(/#4(*A*7/"#6(2#.$!8*4'(<5*("'('/4#+!7'2!1.('("'(%!"#$#%&'()("'(7*0#8#"#-&'(8*(
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"'(>*48'8*4'(4*>#"52!1.(!.0*"*205'"(.#($52*8!1(2#.(*"(.*#/"'0#.!$7#6($!.#6(/#4(*"(2#.04'4!#6(
2#.(*"(/"'0#.!$7#(7*8!#(8*"(25'"('<5*"(*$(8*58#4;
15
Cf. g#)$XJ0#.*$6(N;(^;6(o.c.6(/;(SVD;
16
Cf. `G'445*6(o;(n;6(o.c., p. 23.
17
Cf. ?47$04#.-6(?;(h;6(The Cambridge History of Later Greek and Early Medieval Philosophy,
DT
`'7=4!8-*f(`'7=4!8-*(b.!>*4$!0)(:4*$$6(S[ZW6(/;(TS\;(?5.<5*(*.(/;(TSV('%!47'(<5*(50!"!@'(
'(:"'01.(/'4'("*-!0!7'4($5$(/4#/!#$(/5.0#$(8*(>!$0';
SD
Cf. ^!$06( o;( n;6( Plotinus. The Road to Reality6( `'7=4!8-*f( `'7=4!8-*( b.!>*4$!0)( :4*$$6(
S[ZW6(//;(SWS6(SW\6(SDW;(3#.6(?;6(Fe'(.#0!#.(/"#0!.!*..*(8K(*+*-*$$*L6(*.f(Revue Internatio-
nale de Philosophie6(.q([T6(%'$2;(T(kS[WUl6(//;(TZ\6(TWZ6(TD\;(
19
Cf. `G!'4'8#..'6(^;6(F3$*-*$!(*($!$0*7'(!.(:"#0!.#L6(*.f(Argumenta in Dialogos Platonis:
Akten des Internationalen Symposions vom 27.-29. April 2006 im Istituto svizzero di Roma,
g'$!"*'f(J2GM'=*6(TUSU6(/;(SSV;
20
Cf. ^!$06( o;( n;6( Plotinus, The Road to Reality6( /;( SWS6( SD\;( ?$!7!$7#6( cf;( g4,G!*46( 3;6(

<5*(*"(/*.$'8#4(.*#/"'01.!2#(*$(5.(!..#>'8#4()(<5*(/4#75*>*(7#8!%!2'2!#.*$(
/4#%5.8'$( 4*$/*20#( 8*( "'( %!"#$#%&'( /4*2*8*.0*( .#( 0'.0#( /#4( "'( !.>*.2!1.( 8*(
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su logro no puede ser descrito ni como un revival(.!(2#7#(5.'(4*>#"52!1.22.
n*4"'.6('($5(>*@6(24**(<5*(:"#0!.#(.#(*$(5.(/*.$'8#4(#4!-!.'"()(<5*(.#('/#40'(
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2#7=!.9.8#"#$(8*(5.(7#8#(.#>*8#$#(<5*(.#(!7/"!2'(.*2*$'4!'7*.0*(.5*>'$(
formulaciones23()(2#.$!8*4'6('$!7!$7#6(<5*("'(2#.2*/2!1.(%!"#$1%!2'(*+/5*$0'(
en las Enéadas(*$(8*4!>'0!>'(79$(<5*(#4!-!.'"TV;(:#4(#04'(/'40*6(*.(4*"'2!1.(2#.(
los elementos conceptuales constitutivos del sistema plotiniano, Dodds, por
*A*7/"#6('%!47'(<5*(*$(/#$!="*(*.2#.04'4(/'4'(2'8'(5.#(8*(*""#$(5.'(%5*.0*(
$#=4*( "'( <5*( $*( ='$'( #( 5.( '.0*2*8*.0*;( ?$*>*4'6( '$!7!$7#6( <5*( .#( /'4*2*(
G'=*4(.#>*8'8(*.("#$(!.-4*8!*.0*$(2#.("#$(<5*(:"#0!.#(04'='A'6(/*4#(<5*("'(
#4!-!.'"!8'8($*(*.25*.04'(*.(*"(8!$*c#(8*($5($!$0*7'()(.#(*.($5$(7'0*4!'"*$;(
J#$0!*.*6(0'7=!,.6(<5*("'(*$*.2!'(8*("'(2#.2*/2!1.(*.*98!2'()'2*(*.(*"(.5*>#(
$!-.!%!2'8#(<5*(*"(0#8#(!7/#.*('($5$(/'40*$25.
]04#( 8*( "#$( /5.0#$( *.( 8!$25$!1.( 4*"'2!#.'8#( 2#.( "'( !.0*4/4*0'2!1.(
/"#0!.!'.'(-!4'(*.(0#4.#('"(#4!-*.(8*("#$(/4#="*7'$(%!"#$1%!2#$(<5*(:"#0!.#(!.0*.0'(
4*$#">*4( *.( $5$( *$24!0#$;( g4,G!*46( /#4( *A*7/"#6( 2#.$!8*4'( <5*( "#$( /4#="*7'$(
<5*(:"#0!.#($*(/"'.0*'($#.(/4#="*7'$(<5*("'(%!"#$#%&'(-4!*-'(A'79$(*.2'416(*$(
8*2!46(/4#="*7'$(/4#/!'7*.0*(4*"!-!#$#$26;(d#88$6(/#4($5(/'40*6('%!47'(<5*("'(
%!"#$#%&'(/"#0!.!'.'(*$(*"(!.0*.0#(8*(4*$#">*4("#$(/4#="*7'$(*$/!4!05'"*$(8*($5(
0!*7/#(*.(0,47!.#$(8*"(4'2!#.'"!$7#(-4!*-#(04'8!2!#.'"27;(b.'(/#$!2!1.(2#.04'4!'(
La filosofía de Plotino, g5*.#$(?!4*$f(J58'7*4!2'.'6(S[j\6(//;(SUXSS6(<5!*.("5*-#(8*(*.5-

merar una serie de doctrinas plotinianas afirma “estas no son tesis de un discípulo de
:"'01.L;
21
Cf. `G!'4'8#..'6(^;6(F:"#0!.#(*("'(04'$%#47'@!#.*(8*""'(%!"#$#%&'(.*"(BBB($*2#"#(8;`;L6(*.f(
Chaos e Kosmos6(P(kTUU[l6(/;(SVV;
22 D\
Cf. ?47$04#.-6(?;(h;6(The Cambridge History of Later Greek and Early Medieval Philosophy,
p. 195.
23
Cf. Merlan, P., Monopsychism, Mysticism, Metaconsciousness. Problems of the soul in the
Neoaristotelian and Neoplatonic Traditions6(e'(h')'f(n'40!.5$(Q!AG#%%6(S[Z\6(/;(jT;
TV
Cf. Merlan, P., o.c., p. 77.
25
Cf. d#88$6(3;(^;6(FH4'8!0!#.('.8(/*4$#.'"('2G!*>*7*.0(!.(0G*(:G!"#$#/G)(#%(:"#0!.5$L6(*.f(
Journal of Roman Studies, 50, p. 2.
26
( `!0'8#(/#4(3#.6(?;6(o.c., p. 256.
27
Cf. d#88$6(3;(^;6(o.c., p. 1.

Gabriel Martino
manifiestan HadotTD6( /#4( 5.( "'8#6( <5!*.( '$*>*4'( <5*( "#$( 04'0'8#$( 8*( :"#0!.#(
$#.( 8!$*40'2!#.*$( $#=4*( "'$( 25*$0!#.*$( /"'.0*'8'$( /#4( *"( 0*+0#( 8*( :"'01.( )(
`G!'4'8#..'296(/#4(#04#6(<5!*.(*.(2#.$#.'.2!'(2#.(h'8#0('$*-54'6('8*79$6(
<5*("#$(/4#="*7'$(/4#/!#$(8*("'(#=4'(8*(:"'01.(2#.$0!05)*.("#$(2#7/#.*.0*$(
/4!.2!/'"*$(8*("'(%!"#$#%&'(/"#0!.!'.'()("'$(8!%!25"0'8*$(<5*("'$(0*$!$(*.*98!2'$(
intentan responder30;(H'44'.06('($5(>*@6(2#.$!8*4'(<5*("'(/4*#25/'2!1.(8*(:"#0!.#(
2#.$!$0*(*.(*.2#.04'4($#"52!#.*$('(8!>*4$#$(0*7'$()(/4#="*7'$(%!"#$1%!2#$(79$(
<5*(*.(04'0'4(25*$0!#.*$(G!$014!2'$(#(!.0*4/4*0'0!>'$31.
e#$( /4#="*7'$( 4*2!,.( 7*.2!#.'8#$( )( "#$( /5.0#$( 8*( >!$0'( 8!>*4-*.0*$(
<5*("#$(*$/*2!'"!$0'$($#$0!*.*.('2*42'(8*(*""#$(.#$(/*47!0*.(*.04*>*4(.#($#"#(
"'(8!%!25"0'8(<5*(*"(*$058!#(8*("'(*+,-*$!$(/"#0!.!'.'(/4*$*.0'($!.#6('8*79$6(
"#$(8!%*4*.0*$('$/*20#$(2#.%"!20!>#$(<5*(5.('.9"!$!$(8*(*$0*(0*7'(8*=*('=#48'4;(
3.("'(/4*$*.0*($*22!1.()(*.("'($!-5!*.0*6(/5*$6(/4#254'7#$(=4!.8'4(*"*7*.0#$(
/'4'( *$2"'4*2*4( '"-5.#$( 8*( *$0#$( /5.0#$;( :'4'( *""#( *+'7!.*7#$6( *.( /4!7*4(
"5-'46('"-5.'$(8*("'$(#/!.!#.*$(8*("#$(*$058!#$#$(<5*(G'.($!8#(7*.2!#.'8'$(
79$('44!='6(/'4'('$&(0#7'4(5.(/5.0#(8*(/'40!8'(!.0*4/4*0'0!>#('/4#/!'8#;(
`#.$!8*4'7#$6(/#4(5.'(/'40*6(<5*(.#(*$(/#$!="*('8#/0'4(8*(5.(7#8#(
*+04*7#()(*+2"5)*.0*(.!("'(/#$!2!1.(<5*(2#.2!=*('(:"#0!.#(2#7#(5.(04'8!2!#.'"!$0'(
""'.#6(.!('<5*""'(#04'(<5*("#(4*04'0'(2#7#(5.(2#7/"*0#(4*>#"52!#.'4!#;(d*(*$0*(
modo, pues, no podemos aceptar por completo ninguna de las siguientes
'%!47'2!#.*$f(<5*(:"#0!.#(2'4*2*(8*(0#8'(!..#>'2!1.6(<5*($*($#7*0*(0#0'"7*.0*(
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)(<5*(.#('/#40'(.!.-5.'(!8*'(.#>*8#$'6(<5*(*+!$0*(5.('.0*2*8*.0*(/'4'(2'8'(
2#.2*/0#(<5*(50!"!@'()(<5*("#$(p.!2#$(/4#="*7'$(<5*($*(/"'.0*'($#.("#$(<5*(
$54-*.(8*("#$(8!9"#-#$(8*(:"'01.;(:*.$'7#$6('$!7!$7#6(<5*(0'7/#2#(*$("&2!0#(
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5.(7#8#('=$#"50'7*.0*(!.8*/*.8!*.0*6(%#4@9.8#"'$(4'8!2'"7*.0*E(<5*(*"(0#8#(
<5*(2#.$0!05)*($5($!$0*7'(*$(!..#>'8#4()(<5*6('($5(>*@6(!.04#852*(.57*4#$'$(
0*$!$(.#>*8#$'$E(<5*(/#$**(5.(7#8#(4*>#"52!#.'4!#(8*('4-57*.0'4()(<5*("#$(
p.!2#$(/4#="*7'$(<5*($*(/"'.0*'($#.('A*.#$('("'(%!"#$#%&'(2"9$!2'()(*+2"5$!>#$(
DV
TD
Cf. Hadot, P., o.c.6(/;(SZD;
29
Cf. `G!'4'8#..'6(^;6(F:"#0!.#(*("'(04'$%#47'@!#.*(8*""'(%!"#$#%&'(.*"(BBB($*2#"#(8;`;L6(/;(S\Z;
30
Cf. `G!'4'8#..'6(^;6(F3$*-*$!(*($!$0*7'(!.(:"#0!.#L6(/;(SSV;(3"('50#4('$*>*4'(<5*(:"#0!.#(
$*(*7='42'(*.(5.'(!.>*$0!-'2!1.(<5*(0!*.*(/#4(#=A*0#("'$(25*$0!#.*$()("#$(/4#="*7'$(/4*-
$*.0*$(*.("#$(0*+0#$(/"'01.!2#$()(<5*("'$(0*$!$(8*$'44#""'8'$(/#4(*"(.*#/"'01.!2#(!.0*.0'.(
4*$/#.8*4('(*$0#$(/4#="*7'$;
31
Cf. H'44'.06(h;6(o.c., p. 90.

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8*("'$(#=4'$(2#7/5*$0'$(/#4("#$('.0*2*$#4*$f(2#7#6(/#4(*A*7/"#6(352"!8*$6(
d*7124!0#()(:4#2"!.#;(]04#$6(04'$(4*7*7#4'4(/*4%*20'7*.0*('"-5.#$('$5.0#$(
8*( "'( !.>*$0!-'2!1.( 8*( "#$( '.0!-5#$6( !.0*.0'4#.( 2#7/#.*4( "!=4#$( $#=4*( "#$(
7!$7#$( 01/!2#$( <5*( '<5*""#$f( 2#7#6( /#4( *A*7/"#6( ?.!#6( n*8!#( )( *=!1.E( )(
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n'$( "#$( <5*( 8*7#$04'4#.( *"( '%9.( 8*( *$24!0#4*$( 2#.( "'( 25'.0&'( 8*(
/4#="*7'$('=#48'8#$()(*7/"*'4#.('8*79$(5.(7,0#8#(/*4$#.'"(8*(*$058!#($#.(
VS
Porfirio, Vida de Plotino, 20, 1-15.

:"#0!.#()(N*.0!"!'.#(?7*"!#f(*"(/4!7*4#6(/#4<5*($*(8!#('(*+/"!2'4(k !"#$%&) los

/4!.2!/!#$(/!0'-14!2#$()(/"'01.!2#$6($*-p.(7*(/'4*2&'('(7&6(2#.(7')#4(2"'4!8'8(
<5*($5$('.0*2*$#4*$6()'(<5*("'$(#=4'$(8*(Q57*.!#6(8*(`4#.!#6(8*(n#8*4'0#()(8*(
H4'$!"#(.#(*$09.(*.('=$#"50#(2*42'6(*.(4*"'2!1.(2#.("'(*+'20!0586(8*("#$(*$24!0#$(
8*(:"#0!.#($#=4*("#$(7!$7#$(0*7'$;;; i(*$0#$(s:"#0!.#()(?7*"!#t($#.6('(.5*$04#(
A5!2!#6("#$(p.!2#$(25)#$(*$24!0#$(>'"*("'(/*.'(*+'7!.'46(/5*$('("#$(4*$0'.0*$6(/#4(
<5,(G'=&'(5.#(8*(/*.$'4(<5*(8*=&'(5.#(8!$250!4"#$(8*A'.8#(8*(*+'7!.'4('<5*""#$(
8*("#$(<5*(*$0#$(2#/!'4#.(*.($5$(*$24!0#$($!.('c'8!4(.'8'(/#4($5(25*.0'LVT.
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*$0#$('50#4*$;(e#.-!.#6(8*(G*2G#6(#%4*2*(5.'(2"'$!%!2'2!1.(8*("#$(/*.$'8#4*$(8*(
'25*48#(2#.(*"(7#8#(*.(<5*(""*>'.('(2'=#($5(0'4*'(*+*-,0!2';(3.(/4!7*4("5-'46(
7*.2!#.'('("#$(4*2#/!"'8#4*$()(04'.$24!/0#4*$;(3$0#$(2'4*2*.(8*(0#8#('/#40*(
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/#4('$&(8*2!4"#;(:#8*7#$('%!47'4(<5*(*"(A5!2!#(/*)#4'0!>#(<5*(e#.-!.#(G'2*(8*(
*$0#$(8#$(-45/#$(8*(*$24!0#4*$(4'8!2'(*.(<5*(.#('/#40'.(.!.-5.'(!..#>'2!1.(
*.(0,47!.#$(%!"#$1%!2#$6(*$(8*2!46(.!(*.(*"(.!>*"(8*("#$(2#.2*/0#$6(.!(*.(*"(.!>*"(
8*("'(7*0#8#"#-&'(5$'8'(*.(*"(8*$'44#""#(8*("'$(!8*'$;(3"(p.!2#(7,4!0#(8*(*$0#$(
/'4*2*(4*$!8!46(*.(*"(/4!7*4(2'$#6(*.(*"(97=!0#(/4920!2#()6(*.(*"($*-5.8#6(*.(*"(
*$0,0!2#;(:*4#6(*.(0*42*4("5-'46(e#.-!.#(7*.2!#.'('(:"#0!.#()('(?7*"!#;(3$0#$(
'50#4*$(.#($#.(.!(4*2#/!"'8#4*$(.!(4*/*0!8#4*$6(/#4("#(<5*($*(!.%!*4*(<5*(G'=4&'.(
G*2G#(5.('/#40*(%!"#$1%!2#6(8*('25*48#(2#.("'(2"'$!%!2'2!1.(8*(e#.-!.#;(3""#$(
'=#48'.6('$!7!$7#6(5.'(-4'.(2'.0!8'8(8*(/4#="*7'$6()(*7/"*'.(5.(7,0#8#(
personal de estudioV\;(?/#40'.6('8*79$6(7')#4(2"'4!8'8()(*+'20!058(<5*($5$(
D[
/4*8*2*$#4*$(*.($5$(*+/"!2'2!#.*$;(e#.-!.#6('($5(>*@6(2#7/'4'("#$(/4!7*4#$(8#$(
-45/#$(8*(/*.$'8#4*$(2#.(:"#0!.#()(?7*"!#('%!47'.8#(<5*('<5*""#$(2#/!'4#.(
'( /*.$'8#4*$( 2#7/'4'="*$( 2#.( *$0#$6( /*4#( $!.( 'c'8!4( .'8'( /#4( $5( 25*.0'6(
/#4("#(<5*(.#(>'"*("'(/*.'(*+'7!.'4"#$;(n'$(*"(24&0!2#('%!47'6('$!7!$7#6(<5*(
VT
Ibid.6(TU6(jWXDV;
V\
Ibid., 20, 70. '()*!+,-.(/01+"2/!+3(#$45-&6%.

Gabriel Martino
"#$(*$24!0#$(8*(:"#0!.#()(8*(?7*"!#(7*4*2*.($*4(*+'7!.'8#$;(3>!8*.0*7*.0*6(
*"('/#40*(/*4$#.'"(<5*(*$0#$(8#$(/*.$'8#4*$(4*'"!@'.(*.($5$(*$24!0#$(G'=4&'(
sido apreciado por Longino.
3$0*(/'$'A*6('(.5*$04#(*.0*.8*46(.#$(/*47!0*(2#44#=#4'4(<5*("'(0'4*'(
*+*-,0!2'(*$(2#.2*=!8'(*.("'(?.0!-m*8'8(*.(-*.*4'"6()(*.("'(,/#2'(8*(:"#0!.#(
*.(/'40!25"'46(2#7#(5.'('20!>!8'8(/4#8520#4'6(!..#>'8#4'()(2#.$2!*.0*;(J*("'(
2#.$!8*4'(/4#8520#4'6(/#4(5.'(/'40*6(/#4<5*(-*.*4'(.5*>#$(8!$254$#$('2*42'(
8*(#04#$(8!$254$#$(/4*>!#$;(J'=*7#$(<5*($*("'(""*>'('(2'=#(8*(7#8#(2#.$2!*.0*6(
/#4(#04'6(/#4<5*("#$('.0!-5#$(7!$7#$(8!$0!.-5*.(8!%*4*.0*$(2"'$*$(8*(*+,-*$!$6(
8*$8*( "'$( 79$( 7*29.!2'$( G'$0'( "'$( 79$( 4*%!.'8'$( !.0*"*205'"7*.0*;( :*4#(
5.'(*+,-*$!$(8*(>'"#46(8*('25*48#(2#.(*"(A5!2!#(8*(e#.-!.#6(/'4*2*($*4("'(<5*(
!.04#852*(!..#>'2!#.*$6(*$(8*2!46('<5*""'(<5*('c'8*('"-#(<5*(*$09('5$*.0*(*.(
*"(8!$254$#(#=A*0#()6(2#7#(>*4*7#$('(2#.0!.5'2!1.6("'(<5*('c'8*('"-#(<5*(*$09(
'5$*.0*(!.2"5$#(*.("'$(!.0*4/4*0'2!#.*$(<5*(#04#$(/*.$'8#4*$(2#.0*7/#49.*#$(
G'2*.(8*("#$(7!$7#$(0*+0#$('.0!-5#$;(H'"(!..#>'2!1.(/5*8*(8'4$*6(8*('25*48#(
2#.("'$(/'"'=4'$(8*(e#.-!.#6(0'.0#(*.(*"(.!>*"(8*("#$(2#.2*/0#$(!.04#852!8#$6(
2#7#(8*("'(7*0#8#"#-&'(50!"!@'8'(*.(*"(8*$'44#""#(8*("'$(!8*'$VV;(b.'(*+,-*$!$(
$*7*A'.0*6('$!7!$7#6(8*=*(*+/4*$'4(2#.(7')#4(2"'4!8'8()(*+'20!058("#(<5*($*(
afirma en el discurso interpretado.
`'=*($*c'"'4(<5*("'(#/!.!1.(8*(e#.-!.#(4*2!,.(2!0'8'('2*42'(8*(:"#0!.#(
parece ser consecuente, además, con otros testimonios acerca del modo en
<5*(0'.0#(*"(24&0!2#(2#7#($5$(2#.0*7/#49.*#$(2#.2!=*.('("'(#=4'(/"#0!.!'.';(
?$&6(/5*$6(:#4%!4!#(0'7=!,.(.#$(4*>*"'(<5*("'(%!"#$#%&'(*.*98!2'(*4'(2#.$!8*4'8'(
5.'(8#204!.'(2'4'20*4&$0!2'(8*(:"#0!.#()(<5*($5('50#4&'(8*("#$(04'0'8#$(!='6(/#4(
así decirlo, de la mano de la propiedad intelectual de las ideas allí vertidas.
?=#.'.( *$0'( !8*'( "'$( '25$'2!#.*$( 4*%*4!8'$( /#4( :#4%!4!#( <5*( '2G'2'='.( '(
:"#0!.#(G'=*4(/"'-!'8#("'$(8#204!.'$(8*(Q57*.!#()(*"("!=4#(0!05"'8#(Sobre la
diferencia doctrinal entre Plotino y Numenio(<5*(?7*"!#(*$24!=*('(4'&@(8*(0'"*$(
acusacionesVj;(H#8'(!.25"/'2!1.(8*(/"'-!#6(8*(G*2G#6(/#.*(*.(858'("'('50#4&'(
*%*20!>'( 8*( "'$( !8*'$( *+/4*$'8'$( *.( "#$( *$24!0#$( /"'-!'4!#$6( "#( <5*( 2#.%!47'(
<5*("#$(2#.0*7/#49.*#$(8*(:"#0!.#(>'"#4'.('(5.('50#4(*.("'(7*8!8'(*.(<5*(
90
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VV
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^;6(F:"#0!.#(*("'(04'$%#47'@!#.*(8*""'(%!"#$#%!'(.*"(BBB($*2#"#(8;`;L6(//;(S\\XSV[()6(*.(*$/*2!'"6(
SVV;
Vj
Cf. Porfirio, o.c.,17, 1-10.

#04'(/'40*6(4*%5*4@'(*"(2'4920*4(!..#>'8#4(8*("'$(Enéadas,(8!$0!.-5!,.8#"'$(
8*("#$(04'0'8#$(8*(Q57*.!#()(4*$'"0'.8#($5(/*4%!"(*7!.*.0*7*.0*(/"#0!.!'.#;(
H'7=!,.(/'4*2*(2#.%!47'4(.5*$04#(/5.0#(8*(>!$0'(#04#(*"*7*.0#(4*%*4!8#(
/#4(:#4%!4!#;(3"(=!1-4'%#($*c'"'6('$!7!$7#6(<5*("'(8#204!.'(8*(:"#0!.#(8!%!*4*(8*(
"'(8*(#04#$(/"'01.!2#$(2#7#(?7*"!#VZ()(e#.-!.#VW;(3$0#(/#.*(8*(7'.!%!*$0#6(/#4(
5.'(/'40*6(<5*(8!%*4*.0*$('50#4*$($*(8*8!2'.('(5.'(0'4*'(*+*-,0!2'(8*("'(#=4'(
8*(:"'01.(#=0*.!*.8#(4*$5"0'8#$(8#204!.'"*$(8!>*4$#$6(/*4#(*>!8*.2!'6(/#4(#04'(
/'40*6(<5*('(2'8'(/*.$'8#4($*("*('8A58!2'(0'"(4*$5"0'8#(!.0*4/4*0'0!>#(2#7#(
*+2"5$!>#()(/4#/!#;(d*(*$0*(7#8#6("#$(2#.0*7/#49.*#$(8*(:"#0!.#(.#(858'.(*.(
'04!=5!4"*('(*$0*(%!"1$#%#("'('50#4&'()(/*40*.*.2!'(8*("'$(8#204!.'$(<5*($#$0!*.*VD
)(*.(4*%*4!4$*('(*""'$6(!.2"5$#6(2#7#(F"'(%!"#$#%&'(8*(:"#0!.#LV[.
J#.(.57*4#$#$("#$(*"*7*.0#$6(/5*$6(<5*(.#$(!.852*.('(/*.$'4(<5*('(
/*$'4(8*($*4(5.'(*+,-*$!$(8*(:"'01.6(*"(/*.$'7!*.0#(/"#0!.!'.#(*$(2#.$!8*4'8#(
por sus contemporáneos como una doctrina e, incluso, como una filosofía en
$&(7!$7';(?$!7!$7#6("'(2'4'20*4!@'2!1.(<5*(e#.-!.#(4*'"!@'(8*("#$(8!%*4*.0*$(
*$24!0#4*$(.#$(/*47!0*(!.%*4!4(<5*("'(F%!"#$#%&'(8*(:"#0!.#L(*$(*"(4*$5"0'8#(8*(
5.'(*+,-*$!$(<5*(*"(/*.$'8#4(""*>'('(2'=#(!..#>'.8#(2#.$2!*.0*7*.0*('(/'40!4(
8*("'(04'8!2!1.(<5*(G*4*8';(e#$($5/5*$0#$(!.0*/4*0'0!>#$(2#.("#$(<5*('=#48'(
$5("*2054'(8*(:"'01.6("'($*"*22!1.(8*(0*+0#$(<5*(*"!-*(/'4'("'(*"'=#4'2!1.(8*(
$5(8#204!.'()("'$(!.%*4*.2!'$(<5*(4*'"!@'('(/'40!4(8*(0'"*$(0*+0#$(/"'01.!2#$(
G'2*.(8*("'(*+,-*$!$(/"#0!.!'.'(5.(04'='A#(<5*('-4*-'(*"*7*.0#$(/4#/!#$('(
"#$(*$24!0#$(/"'01.!2#$(/*4#("#$(/4!>'6('($5(>*@6(8*("'(4!<5*@'()(/"'$0!2!8'8(
<5*( /#$**.( )( <5*( "*$( /*47!0*.( $*4( !.0*4/4*0'8#$( 8*( 7#8#$( 0'.( 8!>*4$#$;(
:#8*7#$('%!47'46(/5*$6(<5*($!(*.($5(-*$0'2!1.("'(%!"#$#%&'(*.*98!2'(8*/*.8*(
8*"(/*.$'7!*.0#(/4*2*8*.0*6(0'"(2#7#(:"#0!.#(7!$7#('%!47'6(*.(0'.0#(<5*(
/4#8520#('2'='8#()'(*.($5(0!*7/#($*("'(2#.2!=*(2#7#(5.'(#=4'('501.#7'(
)( *+2"5$!>'7*.0*( /"#0!.!'.';( 3$0*( 2'4920*4( !.8*/*.8!*.0*( )( /*4$#.'"( 8*( "'(
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8*"(/*.$'7!*.0#(8*(:"'01.50.
VZ 91
Cf. ibid., SW6(VUXV\;
VW
Cf. ibid., 19, 36-37.
VD
( C,'$*6(/#4(*A*7/"#6(ibid.6(SW6(VXjE(SD6(TUXTTE(S[6(\ZX\WE(TU6(WZXWDE(TU6([UX[ZE(TS6(SDXT\;
V[
Cf. Porfirio, o.c.6(TU6(SUUXSUS;(?c98'$*('(*$0#$(/5.0#$(*"(G*2G#(8*(<5*(:"#0!.#(8!4!-*(5.'(
*$25*"'(%!"#$1%!2'(/4#/!'()(<5*(0!*.*(8!$2&/5"#$(<5*($*(*7/*c'.(*.(!7!0'4"#('(,"(/*4$#.'"-
mente. Cf. Porfirio, o.c.6(TU6(WDE(TU6([T($$;E(TS6(SUXSSE(TS6SZ;
50
Cf. `G!'4'8#..'6(^;6(Fe'(8#004!.'(8*""K'.!7'(.#.(8!$2*$'(!.(:"#0!.#(*("'(2#.#$2*.@'(8*-"!(
!.0*"!-!=!"!L6(*.f(`'.#.*(3;(k*8l6(Per una Storia del Concetto di Mente6( !4*.@*f(e*#(J;(]"$2GO!(
38!0#4*6(TUUj6(/;(TD;

Gabriel Martino
?2"'4*7#$6(/#4(p"0!7#6(<5*(0#8#$(*$0#$(4'$-#$(<5*('/5.0'.('("'(=p$<5*8'(
/"#0!.!'.'(8*(!..#>'2!1.(2#.$2!*.0*(.#(>'.(*.(8*04!7*.0#6($!.(*7='4-#6(8*"(
2'4920*4(/"'01.!2#(8*("'(F%!"#$#%&'(8*(:"#0!.#L;(`#7#('%!47'7#$('.0*4!#47*.0*6(
:"#0!.#(8*$'44#""'(5.'(8*("'$(0'.0'$(!79-*.*$(8*(:"'01.6(!..#>'.8#($#=4*(*"(
7'0*4!'"(2#.(*"(<5*(04'='A'(/*4#(7'.0*.!,.8#$*6('($5(>*@6(8*.04#(8*(2!*40#$(
"&7!0*$(2#.$!8*4'="*$(<5*(/*47!0*.(<5*($5(>!$!1.(-"#='"($*'(2#.$!8*4'8'(/#4($5$(
coetáneos como un platonismo legítimo, tal como igualmente sucede con los
F/"'0#.!$7#$L(8!>*4-*.0*$(/4#/5*$0#$(/#4($5$(2#.0*7/#49.*#$()('.0*2*$#4*$51.
Segunda Parte: Las alas del alma plotiniana en su lectura del Fedro de Platón
`#7#(*$(=!*.($'=!8#6(*"(Fedro(*$(5.(8!9"#-#(p.!2#()(='$0'.0*('0&/!2#(
8*.04#(8*("'(/4#8522!1.(8*"(%!"1$#%#('0*.!*.$*;(e'$(0*790!2'$(<5*(8*$'44#""'6(
$!.( *7='4-#6( $*( *.25*.04'.( *.( *$04*2G'( 4*"'2!1.( 2#.( #04'$( 8!$25$!#.*$(
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/#84&'7#$(8*2!46(*$(-*.5!.'7*.0*(/"'01.!2#;(b.'(8*("'$(25*$0!#.*$('2*42'(
8*("'$(<5*(G'="'.(J124'0*$()( *84#(*.($5($!.-5"'4(/'4'A*(%5*4'(8*("'(2!58'8(
*$("'(4*"'2!1.(8*"('"7'(8*$*.2'4.'8'(2#.(*"(97=!0#(!.0*"!-!="*()($5(/#$0*4!#4(
2'&8'(/'4'(*.2'4.'4(*.(5.(25*4/#(G57'.#;(e'(*+/#$!2!1.(8*(*$0*(0*7'(*$(
retomada por Plotino, como veremos, e incluida de un modo peculiar en su
/4#/!'(8!"52!8'2!1.('2*42'(8*("'(25*$0!1.(8*("'(*.2'4.'2!1.(8*"('"7'(G57'.';
3.( "'( /4*$*.0*( $*22!1.6( /5*$6( '.'"!@'7#$( 5.( 0*7'( *$/*2&%!2#( 8*( "'(
%!"#$#%&'(/"#0!.!'.'f("'(25*$0!1.(8*"(8*$2*.$#(8*"('"7'(G57'.'('"(25*4/#;(n'$(
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/4!7*4(0,47!.#6(!.0*4!#4!@'4.#$(*.(*$0'(8#204!.'(*.*98!2'(/*4#(/4*0*.8*7#$6(
/#4($#=4*(0#8#6(#=0*.*4(5.(2#.#2!7!*.0#(79$('2'='8#('2*42'(8*"(/4#2*8!7!*.0#(
*+*-,0!2#(/"#0!.!'.#(7*8!'.0*(*"('.9"!$!$(8*(*$0*(01/!2#(*.(/'40!25"'4;(:#8*7#$(
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92
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Alcinous, the Handbook of Platonism6(]+%#48f(]+%#48(`"'4*.8#.(:4*$$6(/;(+";(`#.$!8*4'7#$(
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de la cuarta Enéada según el ordenamiento porfiriano, Plotino se pregunta
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752G'$(2#$'$()(75)(=!*.(8!2G'$('2*42'(8*"('"7'()(8*($5(>*.!8'6(8*(7'.*4'(
<5*(.#$(<5*8'(*$/*4'.@'(8*(#=0*.*4(8*(,"('"-p.(*$2"'4*2!7!*.0#;(_u5,(*$6(
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*.25*.04'('"(<5*4*4(2#.#2*4(259"(*$(*"(/*.$'7!*.0#(8*(:"'01.('2*42'(8*(5.(
tema. Los antiguos en general, considera Plotino, ofrecen cierta resistencia
/'4'(<5*($*("#$(2#7/4*.8'(2'='"7*.0*;(h*492"!0#6('%!47'(.5*$04#('50#46(.#(
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752G'$(2#$'$(F75)(=!*.(8!2G'$L()(:"#0!.#(4*2544*('(,"(/'4'(F#=0*.*4('"-p.(
*$2"'4*2!7!*.0#L($#=4*(*"(0*7';(?5.('$&6("'$(/'"'=4'$(/"'01.!2'$(0'7=!,.($#.(
en alguna medida enigmáticasjV()(*$(/4*2!$#(4*'"!@'4(5.'("*2054'(*+*-,0!2'(
/'4'(2#7/4*.8*4("#(<5*(:"'01.($!-.!%!2'(>*48'8*4'7*.0*(*.($5$(*$24!0#$;(3.(
4*"'2!1.(2#.(*$0#6(*"(/'$'A*(4*2!,.(2!0'8#(8*$24!=*(5.'(8*("'$(8!%!25"0'8*$(79$(
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$#$0!*.*.(8*0*47!.'8'$(0*$!$('2*42'(8*(5.(0*7'()(*.(#04'$(#=4'$55 se afirman
tesis diferentes acerca del mismo tema56;(:"#0!.#(2#.$!8*4'(<5*(*.(4*"'2!1.(
2#.("'(='A'8'(8*"('"7'('"(25*4/#($52*8*('"-#($*7*A'.0*()($*(/4#/#.*('2"'4'4(
93
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53
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12-23.
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Cf. por ejemplo, ibid.6(BBB(V6(j6(VE(CB([6([6(\S6(*.04*(#04#$;
55
( ](!.2"5$#(*.(#04'$(/'40*$(8*("'$(7!$7'$(#=4'$;
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Cf;(H'44'.06(h;6(o.c., p. 10.

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#04'$("'$(04'*.('29("#$(vA5!2!#$K596("#$(v$#40*#$K606("#$(v'@'4*$K61()("'(v%#4@#$!8'8KL62.
i6($!.(*7='4-#6('5.(G'=!*.8#(4*/4#='8#(*.(0#8#$(*$#$(/'$'A*$("'(>*.!8'(
8*"('"7'('"(25*4/#6(.#(#=$0'.0*6('"(G'="'4(*.(*"(Timeo de este universo, elogia
*"(2#$7#$()(8!2*(<5*(*$(F5.(8!#$(=!*.'>*.054'8#L()(<5*(*"('"7'("*(G'($!8#(8'8'(
/#4(*"(F8*7!54-#(<5*(*4'(=5*.#L6('(%!.(8*(<5*(F*$0*(5.!>*4$#(%5*4'(!.0*"*20!>#;;;(
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57
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Ibid.6(TV[('X=;
59
Ibid.
[V 60
Ibid.
61
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62
Ibid., 621 a 1; Fedón6(SUD(2(T;
63
Plotino, o.c.6(BC(D6(\WXjU;
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pp. 10-26.
65
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:"'01.;(Cf.(H'44'.06(h;6(o.c;6(//;(TWXVS;

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4'$-#(!.0*4/4*0'0!>#(8*("'(*+,-*$!$(/"#0!.!'.'6(<5*($!(=!*.(*$09(*.(2#.$#.'.2!'(
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`#.2*.04,7#.#$6('G#4'6(*.("'$(8#$(0*$!$('"58!8'$(*.(*"(/'$'A*(2!0'8#(
<5*(/'4*2*.(2#.04'8*2!4$*;(_`17#(*$(/#$!="*(<5*(:"'01.('%!47*(<5*("'(='A'8'(
del alma sea un castigo para la misma67()6('("'(>*@6(5.(/*4%*22!#.'7!*.0#(/'4'(
*"(75.8#($*.$!="*aZD(`#.$!8*4'7#$6(/#4(5.'(/'40*6(<5*("'($#"'(*.5.2!'2!1.(
de este inconveniente pone de manifiesto la metodología plotiniana aplicada
'( "'( G#4'( 8*( !.0*4/4*0'4( '( :"'01.;( 3.( /4!7*4( "5-'46( :"#0!.#( .#( *.2'4'( "#$(
diálogos individualmente a la manera de un comentador. Por el contrario,
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69
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diálogos como unidades en sí mismas sino como compendios de tesis acerca de diferentes

Gabriel Martino
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-#=!*4.'(F8*$2#""'.8#(2#.($5(/'40*($5/*4!#4()(*.>!'.8#(F'"(!.0*4!#4L("'(p"0!7'(
8*($5$(/#0*.2!'$LWV;(`#.(*$0'(.5*>'('"5$!1.('"(Fedro,(:"#0!.#(*+/"!2'(<5*(8*(
"'$(8#$(/#0*.2!'$(8*"('"7'(21$7!2'($#"#("'(!.%*4!#4($*('$#2!'(2#.(*"(75.8#(
$*.$!="*6( 7!*.04'$( <5*( "'( $5/*4!#4( w8*( '25*48#( 2#.( $5( /4#/!'( 2#.2*/2!1.w(
/*47'.*2*(*0*4.'7*.0*('/"!2'8'('("'(2#.0*7/"'2!1.(8*("#$(!.0*"!-!="*$75. La
4*"'2!1.(8*"('"7'(G57'.'(2#.(*"(25*4/#6($!.(*7='4-#6(/'4*2*($*4(*+/"!2'8'(
8*(5.(7#8#(8!%*4*.0*;(3.(4*"'2!1.(2#.(*$0#(*"(%!"1$#%#('%!47'f(F25'.8#(*"('"7'(
G'2*( *$0#( /4#"#.-'8'7*.0*( G5)*.8#( 8*( "#( 5.!>*4$'"( )( '='.8#.9.8#"#( 2#.(
0*7'$;(J5('.9"!$!$(8*("#$(8!9"#-#$6(/#4("#(0'.0#6("#$(%4'-7*.0'(*.(0'.0'$(/'40*$(2#7#(0*7'$(
04'0*(*"(*$24!0#(/"'01.!2#;
96 73
Cf.(]Kg4!*.6(d;6(Fe*(>#"#.0'!4*(*0("'(.,2*$$!0,(f(4,%"*+!#.$($54("'(8*$2*.0*(8*("Kx7*(8'.$("'(
/G!"#$#/G!*(8*(:"#0!.L6(*.f(Revue Philosophique de la France et de l’Étranger6(SZW6(V(kS[WWl6(
//;(VUSXVTT;(H'7=!,.(`#""*00*Xd5y!z6(g;6(F].(g*2#7!.-('(/'40f(HG*(2'$*(#%('00'2G7*.0(!.(
:"#0!.5$L6(*.f( !.'7#4*6(o;( ;()(^;(n;(g*42G7'.(k*8$;l6(Conversations Platonic and Neopla-
tonic: Intellect, Soul and Nature;(J'.O0(?5-5$0!.f(?2'8*7!'(C*4"'-6(TUSU6(//;(SSjXS\U;
WV
Plotino, o.c., BC(D6(T6(\TX\\;(:"#0!.#(2!0'('"( *84#(TVW(*(\XV6()(G'2*(4*%*4*.2!'('"(!.0*4!#4(
8*"(2!*"#(8#.8*(*"(?"7'(5.!>*4$'"(*.>&'($5(/#0*.2!'(!.%*4!#4(/'4'(<5*("#(-#=!*4.*(2#.($#=*-
ranía regia.
75
Cf. ibid., BC(D6(T6(j\XjV;

$5($*/'4'2!1.()(8*A'(8*(8!4!-!4("'(7!4'8'('("#(!.0*"!-!="*;;;('='.8#.'("#(0#0'"(
)( -#=!*4.'( 2#.( '/54#$( "#( /'40!25"'4( *.04'.8#( )'( *.( 2#.0'20#( 2#.( "'$( 2#$'$(
*+0*4.'$()(25!8'.8#(8*(*""'$6(G'2!,.8#$*(/4*$*.0*(*.('<5*""'(2#$'(!.8!>!85'"(
)(*.04'.8#(75)(8*.04#(8*(*""'$;(3.0#.2*$(*$(25'.8#("*($#=4*>!*.*('"('"7'("'(
""'7'8'(v/,48!8'(8*('"'$K()($5(*.2'8*.'7!*.0#('("'$(2'8*.'$(8*"(25*4/#(04'$(
>*4$*(/4!>'8'(8*("'(!.8*7.!8'8(8*(<5*(-#@'='(A5.0#('"(?"7'(0#0'"(7!*.04'$(
-#=*4.'='("'(4*-!1.($5/*4!#4L76.
3"(25!8'8#(<5*(*"('"7'(G57'.'(*A*42*($#=4*(*"(25*4/#(*.(*"(<5*(*$09(
.
*.2'4.'8'(*$(8!%*4*.0*('"(<5*(*A*42*(*"('"7'(21$7!2'($#=4*(*"(2#$7#$77 (?<5*"(
.#(*$()'(5.!>*4$'"($!.#(/'40!25"'4()(*"('"7'($*(2#.0'7!.'(2#.("'(.'054'"*@'(
8*"(25*4/#('"(*.04'4(*.(2#.0'20#(2#.('<5*"WD;(:#4(*$0'(4'@1.6(*"(2#.$#42!#(8*"(
'"7'(G57'.'(2#.(*"(25*4/#(2#.$0!05)*(5.(#=$0925"#(/'4'("'$(!.0*"*22!#.*$()(
""*.'('"('"7'(8*(/"'2*4*$6('/*0!0#$()(/*.'$;(:*4#(/'4'(<5*(*"('"7'($*(/#.-'(*.(
2#.0'20#(2#.(*"(25*4/#(*%*20!>'7*.0*()(*.2'4.*6(8*=*(8*$/*40'4$*(*.(*""'(5.'(
>#"5.0'8(8*($*4(8*($&(7!$7'()(8*($*4('501.#7'679(8*(7#8#(<5*(/'$*(8*($*4(
'"-#(0#0'"6(*$(8*2!46(8*(*.2#.04'4$*('$#2!'8'(2#.(*"('"7'(21$7!2'6('($*4('"-#(
parcialDU;(H,.-'$*(*.(25*.0'(<5*(.5*$04#(%!"1$#%#('%!47'(<5*(*"('"7'(G57'.'(
*$(/*4%*20'($!($*(4*p.*(2#.(*"('"7'(8*"(2#$7#$(8*(7#8#(<5*(G*2G'(/*4%*20'(
*""'(7!$7'6(2#.2"5)*(:"#0!.#(2!0'.8#('"(Fedro6(F>!'A'(/#4("'$('"054'$()(-#=!*4.'(
0#8#(*"(2#$7#$LDS;(3"('"7'(G57'.'6(/5*$6($!($*(7'.0!*.*('/'40*(8*("#$(25*4/#$(
!.8!>!85'"*$()(*>!0'(*A*42*4(5.(25!8'8#(/'40!25"'46(/*47'.*2*(!"*$'(*.("'(4*-!1.(
!.0*"!-!="*(*.(2#7/'c&'(8*"('"7'(21$7!2'(2#-#=*4.'.8#(2#.(*""'(*"(75.8#DT.
:#8*7#$('/4*2!'4(<5*("'(*+/"!2'2!1.(8*("'(4*"'2!1.(8*"('"7'(G57'.'(
2#.( *"( 25*4/#( /#.*( 8*( 7'.!%!*$0#( '"-5.#$( 2'4'20*4*$( 8*( "'( !.0*4/4*0'2!1.(
plotiniana del mito del carro alado del Fedro;(3.(/4!7*4("5-'46(/#8*7#$($*c'"'4(
<5*(:"#0!.#(.#(!.2#4/#4'(*"(7!0#(*.($5(0#0'"!8'8($!.#(<5*(04'$(8*2#.$045!4"#(
en sus elementos constitutivos toma solo algunos de ellos. Mencionemos, por
76
Ibid.6(BC(D6(V6(STXTV;
77
( 3"(25!8'8#(<5*(*"('"7'(G57'.'(*A*42*(8*"(25*4/#(/4*$*.0'('"-5.'$(8!%!25"0'8*$;(:#84&'(
!.0*4/4*0'4$*6(*.(*%*20#6(<5*(*$0'(2"'$*(8*(25!8'8#($*(8*=*('(<5*(*"(25*4/#('(25!8'4(*$(/'40!-
25"'4()(<5*(:"#0!.#(8*$2'40'("'(/#$!=!"!8'8(8*(<5*(*"('"7'(G57'.'(25!8*(8*(7#8#(5.!>*4$'"(
97
5.(25*4/#(/'40!25"'4;(:#84&'(/*.$'4$*6(/#4(*"(2#.04'4!#6(<5*(*"('"7'(G57'.'(/5*8*(25!8'4(
de modo universal el cuerpo particular, desligándose, de ese modo, de los efectos negativos
<5*("*(04'*('/'4*A'8#(*$0'4('$#2!'8'(2#.(5.(25*4/#(8*(*$'(&.8#"*;(Cf.(`#""*00*Xd5y!z6(g;6(o
c., pp. 115-130.
WD
( :"#0!.#(8!$0!.-5*(*+/"&2!0'7*.0*(*.04*(8#$(0!/#$(8*(F25!8'8#$L;(Cf. o.c.,(BC(D6(T6(TZX\U;
79
Cf. ibid., V 1, 1, 5-6.
DU
Ibid.6(BC(D6(V6(SU;
DS
( :"'01.6(Fedro6(TVZ(2(SXT;
DT
Cf. Plotino, o.c.6(BC(D6(V6(jXW;

Gabriel Martino
*A*7/"#6("'(25*$0!1.(8*("'(/,48!8'(8*('"'$('"58!8'(/#4(:"#0!.#D\;(3$0'(.#2!1.(
*$(2#7/4*.8!8'('"*-14!2'7*.0*(/#4(*"(%!"1$#%#(.*#/"'01.!2#()(G'2*(4*%*4*.2!'(
'"( '"*A'7!*.0#( 8*"( '"7'( G57'.'( 8*"( '"7'( 21$7!2'( )( '"( /#$0*4!#4( 8*$2*.$#(
8*('<5*""'('"(25*4/#;(d*"(7!$7#(7#8#6("'(.#2!1.(/4*$*.0*(*.(*"(7!0#(8*("#$(
A5!2!#$()($#40*#$(/#4("#$(25'"*$(*"('"7'(*.2'4.'(*$(!.0*4/4*0'8'('"*-14!2'7*.0*(
/#4(:"#0!.#;(`#7#(>!7#$6(*"('"7'(.#(*.2'4.'('(2'5$'(8*(5.(A5!2!#(#(8*(5.(
$#40*#($!.#('(2'5$'(8*($5(/4#/!'(!.2"!.'2!1.(G'2!'("'(!.8!>!85'"!8'8()(G'2!'(
*"(2#$7#$($*.$!="*;(3.(25'.0#('("'(2#.0*7/"'2!1.(8*("'$(B8*'$(/#4(*"('"7'(
8*$*.2'4.'8'(<5*(.'44'(*"(Fedro, por el contrario, es entendida en un sentido
79$(/41+!7#('"("!0*4'"6('5.<5*(2#.(8!%*4*.2!'$(!7/#40'.0*$6(<5*($*c'"'4*7#$(
más adelante, respecto de lo narrado en el mito. Otros elementos del relato
7&0!2#(2#7#6(/#4(*A*7/"#6("#$(8#$(2'='""#$()(*"('54!-'6(.#($#.(!.2"5!8#$(*.("'(
*+/#$!2!1.(/"#0!.!'.'(8*(BC(D;
3.( $*-5.8#( "5-'46( '"-5.#$( 2#7/#.*.0*$( 8*"( 7!0#( /"'01.!2#( $#.(
!.2#4/#4'8#$( /#4( :"#0!.#( *.( 5.( 2#.0*+0#( 8!%*4*.0*( 8*"( #4!-!.'"6( /#4( "#( 25'"(
'8<5!*4*.( 5.( $!-.!%!2'8#( 8!%*4*.0*( *.( "'$( Enéadas;( ?$&6( /5*$6( "'( .#2!1.(
/"#0!.!'.'(8*(<5*(*"('"7'(21$7!2'(*.>&'(F'"(!.0*4!#4L(8*"(2#$7#$("'(p"0!7'(8*($5$(
/#0*.2!'$(/'4'(-#=*4.'4"#6('"58*(!7/"&2!0'7*.0*('"(/'$'A*(8*"(Fedro(TVW*(\XV6(
8#.8*($*('%!47'(<5*("'$('"7'$(8*("#$(8!#$*$6(04'$(G'=*4(2#.0*7/"'8#("'$(B8*'$(
$*($57*4-*.(*.(*"(!.0*4!#4(8*"(2!*"#()(4*0#4.'.('($5(G#-'4;(3$0'(4**"'=#4'2!1.(
plotiniana del elemento mítico presenta, asimismo, una peculiaridad
!7/#40'.0*;(:"#0!.#6(*.(*%*20#6(G'2*(4*%*4*.2!'('"('"7'(21$7!2'6(<5*(*$(5.'6(
7!*.04'$(<5*(*.(*"(Fedro($*('"58*('("'$('"7'$(8*("#$(8!#$*$6(<5*($#.(752G'$;(
Por otra parte, el relato narrado en el Fedro(/#4(J124'0*$(*$(5.(7!0#6(/#4("#(
25'"6("'(!.0*4/4*0'2!1.(/"#0!.!'.'(4*'"!@'(5.'(!.0*4/4*0'2!1.('"*-14!2'(8*"(4*"'0#(
2#.("'(%!.'"!8'8(8*(8*$'44#""'4(5.'($5/5*$0'(0*#4&'(2#$7#"1-!2'(/"'01.!2';(
Nuestro análisis de la primera estrategia, pues, nos permite poner de
7'.!%!*$0#('"-5.#$(/4#2*8!7!*.0#$(8*("'(*+,-*$!$(/"#0!.!'.'(8*"(Fedro. Plotino,
*.( *%*20#6( 8*2#.$045)*( *"( 7!0#( *.( $5$( *"*7*.0#$( 2#.$0!050!>#$;( B.2#4/#4'6(
"5*-#6('"-5.#$(8*(*$0#$(*"*7*.0#$(7!*.04'$(<5*(#04#$($#.(8*A'8#$(8*("'8#;(
?$!7!$7#6(8*("#$(*"*7*.0#$('87!0!8#$6('"-5.#$($#.(!.0*4/4*0'8#$(8*(7'.*4'(
[D
"!0*4'"()(#04#$('"*-14!2'7*.0*;( !.'"7*.0*6('"-5.#$(2#7/#.*.0*$(8*"(7!0#($#.(
!.2#4/#4'8#$(*.(5.(2#.0*+0#(8!%*4*.0*(8*"(#4!-!.'"()(4*$!-.!%!2'8#$;(
?G#4'(=!*.6("'($*-5.8'(*$04'0*-!'(*7/"*'8'(/#4(:"#0!.#(/'4'(8*7#$04'4(
<5*(:"'01.(.#($*(2#.04'8!2*(2#.$!$0*(*.('4-57*.0'4(<5*("'(='A'8'(8*"('"7'(
D\
Cf. ibid.6(BC(D6(S6(\W()(BC(D6(V6(TT;

*$6( 2#7#( )'( '8*"'.0'7#$6( *.( 2!*40#( $*.0!8#( >#"5.0'4!'( )( *.( #04#( $*.0!8#(
involuntariaDV;( `!0*7#$( 5.( /'$'A*( *.( *"( <5*( :"#0!.#( *+/"!2'( *$0'( 25*$0!1.f(
F'<5*""#(k*"('"7'l(<5*('258*('(/4*$0'4($*4>!2!#('('"-5.'(#04'(2#$'(k*"(25*4/#l(
2#.($5('8>*.!7!*.0#(>'('"(*.25*.04#(8*(*$0'(8*$2*.8!*.8#(8*(<5!*.(*$09(/#4(
*.2!7'(8*('<5*""#(k"'(!.0*"!-*.2!'l6(/#4(*$#($!('"-5.#(8!A*4'(<5*(%5*(8!#$(<5!*.(
*.>!1('<5*""#(k*"('"7'l('29('='A#6(.#(*$0'4&'(*.(8*$'25*48#(.!(2#.("'(>*48'8(.!(
2#.$!-#(7!$7#;(:#4<5*(0#8#$()(2'8'(5.#(8*("#$(*%*20#$6(!.2"5$#("#$(p"0!7#$6(
$#.(4*%*4!8#$('"(/4!.2!/!#(8*"(<5*(/4#>!*.*.('5.<5*("#$(!.0*47*8!'4!#$($*'.(
752G#$;(?G#4'(=!*.6(2#7#(*"(2'$0!-#(8*("'(25"/'(8*"('"7'(*$(8#="*6(5.#(='A#(
"'( '25$'2!1.( 8*( G'=*4( ='A'8#( )( #04#( /#4( G'=*4( #=4'8#( 7'"( 5.'( >*@( >*.!8'(
'29('='A#6(/#4(*$#6(*"(/4!7*4#(2#.$!$0*(*.(*$#(7!$7#(<5*(/'8*2*(*"('"7'(2#.(
$5(='A'8'()6(8*"($*-5.8#6(*"(-4'8#(7*.#4(2#.$!$0*(*.(4**.2'4.'4$*(*.(#04#$(
25*4/#$LDj.
3$0*(0*+0#(/#.*(8*(7'.!%!*$0#6('(.5*$04#(*.0*.8*46("'($*-5.8'(*$04'0*-!'(
/"#0!.!'.'('/"!2'8'(/'4'(4*$#">*4("'(2#.04'8!22!1.(*.04*(*"(Fedro()(*"(Timeo;(H'"(
2#7#($*('%!471('.0*4!#47*.0*6(*"('"7'(G57'.'($*($*/'4'(8*"('"7'(5.!>*4$'"(
/#4(/4#/!'(!.!2!'0!>'()($*(*.2'4.'(8*=!8#('($5(>#"5.0'8(8*('50#.#7&';(3$0'(
*.2'4.'2!1.6('$!7!$7#6(2#.$0!05)*(5.(7'"(/#4<5*(""*.'('"('"7'(8*(0*7#4*$6(
/'$!#.*$()(8*$*#$('(2'5$'(8*(<5*(*"(25!8'8#(<5*(*A*42*($#=4*(*"(25*4/#(*$(
/'40!25"'4()('(2'5$'(8*(<5*($*(G'(8*A'8#('/4#/!'4(/#4(,"DZ;(3"('"*A'7!*.0#6(/#4(
"#(0'.0#6(*$(>#"5.0'4!#6(/*4#(*$(0'7=!,.("'(2'5$'(8*($5(/'8*2!7!*.0#(8*=!8#('(
<5*(*.04'(*.(2#.0'20#(2#.(5.(25*4/#(/'40!25"'4(*(!.8!-*.0*DW;(?G#4'(=!*.6(*"(
8*$2*.$#(8*"('"7'(G57'.'(8*($5(!8*.0!%!2'2!1.(2#.(*"('"7'(5.!>*4$'"(0'7=!,.(
/5*8*($*4('04!=5!8#('"(d!#$6(8*('25*48#(2#.(*"(/'$'A*(2!0'8#6(*.("'(7*8!8'(
*.( <5*( 0#8#( *%*20#( /5*8*( 4*7#.0'4$*( '"( /4!7*4( /4!.2!/!#6( !.2"5$#( *"( *%*20#(
<5*(#2544*(7*8!'.0*(!.0*47*8!'4!#$;(H'"(0*$!$(/#.*(8*(7'.!%!*$0#6('$!7!$7#6(
<5*("'($!*7=4'(8*("'$('"7'$(*.(*"(75.8#(/#4(*"(8*7!54-#(8*("'(<5*(G'="'(
Plotino citando al Timeo(4*$/#.8*(0'.0#('("'(8*2#.$04522!1.(/"#0!.!'.'(8*(5.'(
*+/"!2'2!1.(/"'01.!2'(*.($5$(*"*7*.0#$(2#.$0!050!>#$(2#7#('("'(!.2#4/#4'2!1.(
8*(5.#(8*(*$0#$(*"*7*.0#$(04'$(!.0*4/4*0'4"#6(*.(*$0*(2'$#6('"*-14!2'7*.0*;(
99
DV
Cf. ibid.6(BC(D6(j6(SXD;(FQ#(*$09.(*.(7505#(8*$'25*48#(.!("'($!*7=4'(8*("'$('"7'$(*.(*"(
75.8#(8*"(8*>*.!4()($5(='A'8'(/'4'(/*4%*22!#.'7!*.0#(8*"(5.!>*4$#6(.!(*"(2'$0!-#()("'(25*>'(
.!("'(%#4@#$!8'8()("'(>#"5.0'4!*8'86(/5*$("'(%#4@#$!8'86("#(7!$7#(<5*("'(*.2'4.'2!1.(*.(5.(
25*4/#(2#7#(*.('"-#(7'"#6(""*>'(2#.$!-#("'(>#"5.0'4!*8'8;(H'7/#2#(*$09(*.(8*$'25*48#{(
*.(-*.*4'"6("'(>#"5.0'4!*8'8()('"(7!$7#(0!*7/#("'(!.>#"5.0'4!*8'8(8*("'(='A'8'L;(
Dj
Ibid.,(BC(D6(j6(STXTU;
DZ
Cf. ibid.,(BC(D6(T6(VjXVD;
DW
Cf. ibid.,(BC(D6(T6(ZXSj;

Gabriel Martino
:"#0!.#(*.0!*.8*(*$0*(*"*7*.0#(8*"(4*"'0#(>*4#$&7!"(k"'($!*7=4'l6(/5*$6(8*(5.(
7#8#(%!-54'8#6(2#7#(5.'(7*09%#4'(8*"(/#8*4(2'5$'"(<5*(*"(/4!7*4(/4!.2!/!#(
*A*42*($#=4*(*"(75.8#($*.$!="*('(04'>,$(8*(*.0!8'8*$(!.0*47*8!'4!'$6(*.(*$0*(
2'$#6("'$('"7'$(G57'.'$;(:#8*7#$('%!47'46(*.0#.2*$6(<5*(8*$8*(*"(/5.0#(8*(
>!$0'(/'40!25"'4(8*"('"7'(G57'.'("'(*.2'4.'2!1.(*$(>#"5.0'4!'6()'(<5*(8*/*.8*(
8*($5(/4#/!'(>#"5.0'8(8*('50#.#7&';(J!.(*7='4-#6(8*$8*(*"(/5.0#(8*(>!$0'(
5.!>*4$'"6("'(2'5$'(8*=*(4*7#.0'4$*('"(/4!7*4(/4!.2!/!#6(2#.("#(25'"(0'7=!,.(
podría interpretarse como necesaria para el almaDD.
`#.$!8*4*7#$6(/#4(#04'(/'40*6(5.(4'$-#(/*25"!'4(8*("'(4*%"*+!1.(/"#0!.!'.'(
'2*42'(8*("'(='A'8'(8*"('"7'('("#$(25*4/#$;(3$0*(2#.$!$0*(*.('%!47'4(<5*(*"(
'"7'(.#(8*$2!*.8*(2#7/"*0'('"(25*4/#()(<5*(!.2"5$#(/'4'(5.('"7'(*.2'4.'8'(
*$(/#$!="*(4*7#.0'4$*('("'(!.0*"!-*.2!'()('205'"!@'4($5('20!>!8'8(2#.0*7/"'0!>'6(
'5.<5*($*'(8*(7#8#(!.0*47!0*.0*()(0*7/#4'4!#;(`!0*7#$(5.(.5*>#(/'$'A*(8*"(
04'0'8#( <5*( !"5$04'( *$0'( !8*';( F'( "'$( '"7'$( /'40!25"'4*$( *$'( 2#.0*7/"'2!1.(
F"'(8*("#$(J*4*$L("*$($#=4*>!*.*(!.0*47!0*.0*7*.0*()(8*(0!*7/#(*.(0!*7/#6(*$(
8*2!46(25'.8#($*(>5*">*.('("#$(J*4*$($5/*4!#4*$(7!*.04'$(G'=!0'.(*.("'(4*-!1.(
!.%*4!#4;;;(i($!(G')(<5*(0*.*4("'(#$'8&'(8*(*+/4*$'4(2#.(79$(2"'4!8'8(*"(/4#/!#(
/'4*2*4(*.(2#.04'(8*("'(#/!.!1.(8*("#$(8*79$6(.!($!<5!*4'(*"('"7'(G57'.'($*(
'8*.041(0#8'(*""'(*.(*"(25*4/#6($!.#(<5*(G')('"-#(8*(*""'(<5*(*$09($!*7/4*(*.(
"'(4*-!1.(!.0*"!-!="*;(:*4#($!(8#7!.'("'(/'40*(8*"('"7'(<5*(*$09(*.("'(4*-!1.(
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de las Ideas no sufre ningún mal90;(3.0!*.8*6(!.2"5$#6(<5*(*$(=5*.#(/'4'(*"(
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90
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91
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92
Cf. ibid;6(BC(D6(W6(SSXSj;

3"(p"0!7#(/'$'A*(2!0'8#6(0'"(2#7#(!.0*.0'4*7#$(7#$04'4('(2#.0!.5'2!1.6(.#$(
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4*-!1.(!.0*"!-!="*f("#(<5*($*(G'(""'7'8#("'(/'40*(!.8*$2*.$'(8*"('"7';(i6($!(=!*.(
0'"('$/*20#(8*"('"7'($*(*.25*.04'(*0*4.'7*.0*(2#.0*7/"'.8#("#$(!.0*"!-!="*$6(
*"( G#7=4*( .#( 0!*.*( 2#.2!*.2!'( 8*( *""#( /#4<5*( $*( *.25*.04'( /*4054='8#( /#4(
"#$(/"'2*4*$6(8*$*#$()(/*.'$6()(/#4<5*($5(%#2#(8*(2#.2!*.2!'(/*47'.*2*(*.(
un nivel inferior[V;(d*(*$0*(7#8#6(*.("'(7*8!8'(*.(<5*(*"(G#7=4*($*(*$%5*4@'(
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a pesar de encontrarse encarnado95.
3$0'( p"0!7'( 8#204!.'( /"#0!.!'.'( $*( 8!$0'.2!'( 7'.!%!*$0'7*.0*( 8*( "#(
descrito en el mito del Fedro.( 3.( *"( 8!9"#-#( /"'01.!2#6( 2#7#( $*( 4*2#48'496(
$*('%!47'(<5*($#"#('"-5.'$('"7'$("#-4'.('22*8*4('("'(2#.0*7/"'2!1.(8*("'$(
B8*'$( )( *+2"5$!>'7*.0*( 25'.8#( $*( *.25*.04'.( 8*$*.2'4.'8'$96. Plotino,
2#7#(/#8*7#$('/4*2!'46($#$0!*.*('"-#(=!*.(8!$0!.0#;(?G#4'(=!*.6(0'"(8#204!.'(
8*"('"7'(!.8*$2*.$'6(/4*>!$!="*7*.0*6(G'($5$2!0'8#(*.("#$(!.0,4/4*0*$(0'.0#(
'.0!-5#$( 2#7#( 7#8*4.#$( '/4*2!'2!#.*$( 75)( 8!>*4$'$97;( i6( $!( =!*.( .#( *$(
93
Cf.(J@"*@9O6(H;(?;6(o.c., p. 226.
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95
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:"'01.(>,'.$*6(/#4(*A*7/"#6(^!$06(o;(n;6(FB.0*-4'0!#.('.8(0G*(b.8*$2*.8*8(J#5"(!.(:"#0!.5$L6(
*.f(The American Journal of Philology6(DD6(V6(//;(VSUXVTTE(J@"*@'O6(H;(?;6(o.c.,(//;(TTjXTWDE(
`G!'4'8#..'6(^;6(Fe'(8#004!.'(8*""K'.!7'(.#.(8!$2*$'(!.(:"#0!.#(*("'(2#.#$2*.@'(8*-"!(!.0*-
"!-!=!"!L6(*.f(`'.#.*6(3;(k*8;l6(Per una Storia del Concetto di Mente6( !4*.@*f(e*#(J;(]"$2GO!(
38!0#4*6(TUUj6(//;(TWXV[E(Q'4=#..*6(o;(n;6(Plotinus in dialogue with the Gnostics6(g#$0#.f(
g4!""6(TUSS6(//;(jjXWW;(:'4'(5.'(=!="!#-4'%&'(79$(*+0*.$'(>,'$*(`G!'4'8#..'6(^;6(Fe'(8#0-
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96
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97 101
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$*('"*A'(8*(:"'01.('"($#$0*.*4"';(:#4%!4!#(0'7=!,.(4*2G'@'6('5.<5*($!.(24!0!2'4"'6("'(0*#4&'(
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tesis plotiniana. Cf.(J@"*@9O6(H;(?;6(o.c.6(/;(TTZ6(.#0'(jVD;()(:"#0!.#6(Enéadas III y IV, Intro-
8522!#.*$6(04'8522!#.*$()(.#0'$(8*(B-'"6(o;6(n'84!8f(N4*8#$6(S[Dj6(/;(jVT6(.#0'(VD;(`G!'4'-
8#..'6(^;6(Fe'(8#004!.'(8*""K'.!7'(.#.(8!$2*$'(!.(:"#0!.#(*("'(2#.#$2*.@'(8*-"!(!.0*"!-!=!"!L6(
//;(\VXV[6(/4#>**(5.('.9"!$!$(8*"(2#.0*+0#(#.0#"1-!2#()(*/!$0*7#"1-!2#(8*("'(24&0!2'(<5*("#$(
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Gabriel Martino
.5*$04'(!.0*.2!1.('8*.04'4.#$(*.(*$0'(25*$0!1.(/4#="*790!2'(8*("'(%!"#$#%&'(
eneádica, nos fundamentaremos en los avances relativos a este tema logrados
*.("'$(p"0!7'$(8,2'8'$(/#4("#$(*$058!#$#$(/'4'(.5*$04#('.9"!$!$(8*("'(*+,-*$!$(
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3.( 4*"'2!1.( 2#.( *$0'( 8#204!.'6( ^!$06( /#4( *A*7/"#6( 2#.$!8*4'( <5*( *$(
*$*.2!'"7*.0*(/"'01.!2'($!.("5-'4('(858'$()(<5*(:"#0!.#(.#($#"#(/#84&'(G'=*4"'(
*.2#.04'8#(*.('"-5.'(%#47'(*.(:"'01.($!.#(<5*(0'7=!,.(/#84&'(G'=*4(4*%#4@'8#(
$5(!.0*4/4*0'2!1.(2#.(?4!$010*"*$[D;(3.(5.('40&25"#(/#$0*4!#46($!.(*7='4-#6(*"(
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0*.*4($5(#4!-*.(*.("'(2#.%!'.@'(/"#0!.!'.'6(='$'8'(*.($5(*+/*4!*.2!'(7&$0!2'(
/*4$#.'"6(8*(<5*(5.(4*0#4.#('("'(%5*.0*(8*("'$('"7'$6("'(B.0*"!-*.2!'()("#(b.#6(
*$( /#$!="*100. Merlan, por su parte, vincula la aludida teoría plotiniana al
/4#="*7'(8*"(!.0*"*20#('-*.0*(*"'=#4'8#(/#4("#$(2#7*.0'8#4*$(/*4!/'0,0!2#$()6(
*.(/'40!25"'46(/#4(?"*A'.84#(8*(?%4#8!$!'101;(J@"*@9O6('($5(>*@6('$*>*4'(<5*(2#.(
*$0'(8#204!.'(:"#0!.#(.#($*('"*A'(8*(:"'01.($!.#6(79$(=!*.6(8*(#04#$(!.0,4/4*0*$(
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J#$0!*.*6( '$!7!$7#6( <5*( 7*8!'.0*( 5.( '.9"!$!$( 8*0'""'8#( 8*( "#$( 0*+0#$( *$(
/#$!="*(2#.2"5!4(<5*("'(8#204!.'(/"#0!.!'.'(8*"('"7'(!.8*$2*.$'(*$(*"(/4#8520#(
8!4*20#(8*("'(*+,-*$!$(8*(:"'01.()6(*.(/'40!25"'46(8*(04*$(8!9"#-#$(&.0!7'7*.0*(
2#.*20'8#$f( !"#$%&'(, Timeo()(Fedro103. Igal, por el contrario, la entiende como
5.'(4*!.0*4/4*0'2!1.(/"#0!.!'.'(8*("'(8#204!.'(/"'01.!2'(8*("'(4*7!.!$2*.2!'SUV.
dK?.2#.'6(/#4(#04'(/'40*6(2#.$!8*4'(<5*("'(7*.2!#.'8'(8#204!.'(*$(*"(4*$5"0'8#(
8*("'(2#7=!.'2!1.(*.04*(0*$!$(*/!$0*7#"1-!2'$(/"'01.!2'$()('4!$0#0,"!2'$105.
n*.2!1.('/'40*(7*4*2*("'(4*2!*.0*(0*$!$(8*(Q'4=#..*6(<5!*.6(*.(5.'("&.*'(
8!%*4*.0*(8*("#$(/"'.0*#$(8*("#$(#04#$('50#4*$('"58!8#$6('%!47'(<5*("'(0*#4&'(
8*("'(/'40*(8*"('"7'(<5*(.#(8*$2!*.8*(*$(5.(*"*7*.0#(2"'>*(*.("'(/#",7!2'(
/"#0!.!'.'(2#.04'("#$(-.1$0!2#$;(3$0'(2#.$0!05)*6(8*('25*48#(2#.(*"(*$/*2!'"!$0'6(
5.'(4*%#475"'2!1.(8*(!8*'$(-.1$0!2'$(k*(!.2"5$#(G*47,0!2'$l(2#.("'(%!.'"!8'8(8*(
[D
Cf.(^!$06(o;(n;6(Eros and psyche, p. 176.
99
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100
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102
$*7*A'.0*($#$0!*.*(?47$04#.-6(?;(h;6(FH4'8!0!#.6(4*'$#.('.8(*+/*4!*.2*(!.(0G*(0G#5-G0(#%(
:"#0!.5$L6(*.f(Plotino e il Neoplatonismo in Oriente e in Occidente6(S[WV6(SWSXS[V6(*.(/'40!25-
"'4(SD[($$;
101
Cf. Merlan, P., o.c.6(//;(VWXjT;
102
Cf.(J@"*@9O6(H;(?;6(o.c.6(/;(TVZ;
103
Cf. ibid.6(/;(TWV;
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Cf. Plotino, Enéadas, III y IV6(04'8522!1.(8*(B-'"6(o;6(/;(jVT6(.#0'(VD;(
105
Cf.(`!0'8'(/#4(`G!'4'8#..'6(^;6(Fe'(8#004!.'(8*""K'.!7'(.#.(8!$2*$'(!.(:"#0!.#(*("'(2#.#$-
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2'.'8!*.$*($*c'"'(<5*("'('"58!8'(8#204!.'(/"#0!.!'.'($*(%5.8'7*.0'(*.(8#$(
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las almas pneumáticasSUD(7!*.04'$(<5*(/'4'(:"#0!.#("'(2#.$5=$0'.2!'"!8'8(*$(
/4#/!'(8*(k5.'(/'40*6('"(7*.#$6(8*l(0#8'$("'$('"7'$(8*("#$($*4*$(G57'.#$;(e'(
universalidad de la propuesta plotiniana, pues, a pesar de inspirarse en ideas
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e#$( 8!%*4*.0*$( '.9"!$!$( ""*>'8#$( '( 2'=#( /#4( "#$( *$/*2!'"!$0'$( /#.*.(
de manifiesto elementos característicos de la doctrina plotiniana del alma
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"'(-,.*$!$(8*(*$0'(0*$!$(/"#0!.!'.'(*$(7p"0!/"*()(<5*($*(8*=*6(/#4(5.'(/'40*6(
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el mito del Fedro6(0'"(2#7#(/#.*(8*(7'.!%!*$0#("'(0*#4&'(/"#0!.!'.'(8*(<5*(*"(
G#7=4*6( '5.( *$0'.8#( *.2'4.'8#6( /5*8*( '22*8*4( '( "'( 2#.0*7/"'2!1.( 8*( "'$(
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103
106
Cf.(Q'4=#..*6(o;(n;6(o.c., pp. 55-77.
107
(:"#0!.#6('%!47'(Q'4=#..*6(50!"!@'($#"#(*"('8A*0!>#(k!'((# %()l('5.<5*(*.(*"(7!$7#(/'$'A*(
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cer solamente dos veces en el corpus plotiniano. Cf.(Q'4=#..*6(o;(n;6(o.c., p. 57.
SUD
(e'$( '"7'$( G57'.'$( G)"!2'$( )( "'$( /$&<5!2'$6( /#4( *"( 2#.04'4!#6( .#( "#( /#$**.;( 3""'$( $#"#(
/#$**.(*"(2'4920*4(8*(!7'-*.(8*(d!#$()(8*($*7*A'.@'(2#.("#(8!>!.#6(4*$/*20!>'7*.0*;(Cf.
Q'4=#..*6(o;(n;6(o.c.6(//;(jDXj[;

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Q'4=#..*6(/#8*7#$('/4*2!'4(<5*(*$09(!.%"5*.2!'8'(/#4(2#.2*/05'"!@'2!#.*$(
.#($#"#(/"'01.!2'$($!.#(!.2"5$#(-.1$0!2'$()(G*47,0!2'$;(e'(4*$5"0'.0*6(/5*$6(
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/"#0!.!'.'(5.'(*"'=#4'2!1.(p.!2'6(!..#>'8#4'()(2'4'20*4&$0!2'(8*($5(%!"#$#%&';(
3$(/#$!="*('%!47'46($!.(*7='4-#6()($!-5!*.8#('(J@"*@9O6(<5*(*$0'(8#204!.'(/5*8*(
!.%*4!4$*('(/'40!4(k8*(5.'("*2054'(8#-790!2'(8*(5.'(8*0*47!.'8'($*"*22!1.l(8*(
0*+0#$(/"'01.!2#$(k)(/*4!/'0,0!2#$l109;(Q'4=#..*(7!$7#(*.25*.04'(*.(Timeo 90
'X=6(8#.8*(:"'01.(8*$24!=*('"(G#7=4*(4*2544!*.8#('("'(7*09%#4'(8*("'(/"'.0'(
25)'$(4'&2*$(.'2*.(*.(*"(2!*"#6(5.('.0*2*8*.0*(/"'01.!2#(8*("'(!8*'(/"#0!.!'.'(
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109
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implica raciocinio sino el pensamiento propio de la inteligencia, es el elemento
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2#.04'4!#6(2#7#(7#0!>'8#4'(8*(5.(/4#="*7'(<5*(/4*2!$'(8*(5.'($#"52!1.;(:"#0!.#(*.25*.04'(
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2#.$*25*.2!'6(<5*(*"(/4#="*7'(%!"#$1%!2#(<5*(:"#0!.#($*(/"'.0*'(*.(*"(04'0'8#(
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/*4#("'(4*$/5*$0'(8#204!.'"(<5*(%#475"'('(0'"(/4#="*7'6($*-p.(24**7#$6(*$(*"(
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3"('.9"!$!$(""*>'8#('(2'=#(*.(*$0'($*22!1.6(/5*$6(.#$(G'(/*47!0!8#(/#.*4(
8*(7'.!%!*$0#('"-5.#$('$/*20#$(8*"(/4#2*8!7!*.0#(*+*-,0!2#(/"#0!.!'.#;(Q5*$04#(
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Conclusiones
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escrito en dos partes, en la primera de las cuales nos propusimos revisar la
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Plotino no encara individualmente el diálogo a modo de un comentador sino
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del mito del Fedro(k)(8*"(4*"'0#(>*4#$&7!"(8*"(Timeo), Plotino descompone el relato
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Por otra parte, en nuestro análisis de la doctrina del alma indescensa,
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H'"(2#7#(/#8*7#$('/4*2!'46(/5*$6("'(%!"#$#%&'(*.*98!2'($*(*.25*.04'("*A#$(
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04'='A#6( 2#7#( 5.( /*.$'7!*.0#( 7#0!>'8#( /#4( *+/*4!*.2!'$( /*4$#.'"*$( )( /#4(
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Revista de Filosofía

Revista de Filosofía, >#";(PPCB6(QR(S6(TUSV(Y(BJJQ(SUSZX[S\P

Revista de Filosofía, >#";(PPCB6(QR(S6(TUSV(Y(BJJQ(SUSZX[S\P

Revista de Filosofía, >#";(PPCB6(QR(S6(TUSV(Y(BJJQ(SUSZX[S\P

Primera parte: el carácter de la exégesis plotiniana de la tradición precedente

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La filosofía de Plotino, g5*.#$(?!4*$f(J58'7*4!2'.'6(S[j\6(//;(SUXSS6(<5!*.("5*-#(8*(*.5-

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:"#0!.#()(N*.0!"!'.#(?7*"!#f(*"(/4!7*4#6(/#4<5*($*(8!#('(*+/"!2'4(k !"#$%&) los

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Revista de Filosofía, >#";(PPCB6(QR(S6(TUSV(Y(BJJQ(SUSZX[S\P

Revista de Filosofía, >#";(PPCB6(QR(S6(TUSV(Y(BJJQ(SUSZX[S\P

Revista de Filosofía, >#";(PPCB6(QR(S6(TUSV(Y(BJJQ(SUSZX[S\P

Revista de Filosofía, >#";(PPCB6(QR(S6(TUSV(Y(BJJQ(SUSZX[S\P

Revista de Filosofía, >#";(PPCB6(QR(S6(TUSV(Y(BJJQ(SUSZX[S\P

Revista de Filosofía, >#";(PPCB6(QR(S6(TUSV(Y(BJJQ(SUSZX[S\P

Revista de Filosofía, >#";(PPCB6(QR(S6(TUSV(Y(BJJQ(SUSZX[S\P

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Revista de Filosofía, >#";(PPCB6(QR(S6(TUSV(Y(BJJQ(SUSZX[S\P

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Revista de Filosofía, >#";(PPCB6(QR(S6(TUSV(Y(BJJQ(SUSZX[S\P

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