LTE Air Interface

LTE Air Interface
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Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contents
1. Air Interface Principles
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page1
Contents
1. LTE Air Interface Principles
1.1 Radio Interface Techniques
1.2 Principles of OFDM
1.3 LTE Channel Structures
1.4 LTE Frame Structure
1.5 Downlink OFDMA
1.6 Uplink SC-FDMA
1.7 Multiple Input Multiple Output
Radio Interface Techniques
Frequency Division Multiple
Access
Power Time
u u u u
s s s s
e e e e
r r r r
1 2 3 4 Frequency
Time Division Multiple Access
Time
Power
user2
user1
Frequency
Code Division Multiple Access
Time
Power
user4
user3
user2
user1
Frequency
Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiple Access
Time
Power
Frequency
Transmission Modes
Frequency Division Duplex - FDD
Transmission Modes
Time Division Duplex- TDD
Contents
1.5 Downlink OFDMA
1.6 Uplink SC-FDMA
Principles of OFDM
Frequency Division Multiplexing
Multicarrier system
OFDM Subcarriers
Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
Fast Fourier Transform
LTE Channel and FFT Sizes
Channel FFT Size Subcarrier Sampling Rate
Bandwidth Bandwidth
1.4MHz 128 1.92MHz
3MHz 256 3.84MHz
5MHz 512 7.68MHz

15kHz
10MHz 1024 15.36MHz
15MHz 1536 23.04MHz
20MHz 2048 30.72MHz
OFDM Symbol Mapping
OFDM ISSUES
Peak to Average Power Ratio
PAPR (Peak to Average

Power Ratio) Issue
OFDM ISSUES
Time Domain Interference
Energy
Delay Spread
Time
illustrates two of the main multipath effects,

namely delay and attenuation.
OFDM ISSUES
Inter Symbol Interference
OFDM ISSUES
A Cyclic Prefix is utilized in most OFDM
Cyclic Prefix systems to combat multipath delays.
OFDM Advantages and
Disadvantages
OFDM systems typically have a number of advantages:
OFDM is almost completely resistant to multi-path interference
due to its very long symbol duration.
Higher spectral efficiency for wideband channels - 5MHz and

above.
Flexible spectrum utilization.
Relatively simple implementation using FFT and IFFT.
OFDM Advantages and
Disadvantages
OFDM also has some disadvantages:
Frequency errors and phase noise can cause issues.
Some OFDM systems can suffer from high PAPR (Peak to

Average Power Ratio).
Accurate frequency and time synchronization.
Contents
1.5 Downlink OFDMA
1.6 Uplink SC-FDMA
LTE Channels
Logical Channels
Control Logical Channels
CCCH and DCCH Signaling
Traffic Logical Channels
Channels
LTE Release 8 Transport Channels
Channels
Downlink Physical Channels
PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel)
PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel)
PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)
PHICH (Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel)
PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)
Uplink Physical Channels
PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel)
PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel)
PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel)
Radio Channels
Downlink Channel Mapping
Uplink Channel Mapping
Contents
1 LTE Air Interface Principles
1.5 Downlink OFDMA
1.6 Uplink SC-FDMA
LTE Frame Structure
Normal and Extended Cyclic Prefix
Radio Frame = 10ms
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Ts
7 OFDM
Symbols (Normal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Cyclic Prefix)
Ts
6 OFDM Symbols
(Extended Cyclic 0 1 2 3 4 5
Prefix)
CP (Cyclic
Prefix)
Type 2 TDD Radio Frame
Contents
1.5 Downlink OFDMA
1.6 Uplink SC-FDMA
OFDMA in LTE
RB
Physical Resource Blocks and
Resource Elements
NSCRB Subcarriers = 12
Resource
Element
Downlink PRB
Configuration NSCRB NSymbDL
Normal Cyclic Prefix ∆f = 15kHz 7

12
Extended Cyclic ∆f = 15kHz 6
Prefix
∆f = 7.5kHz 24 3
Contents
1.5 Downlink OFDMA
1.6 Uplink SC-FDMA
SC-FDMA Subcarrier Mapping
Concept
SC-FDMA Signal Generation
SC-FDMA and the eNB
Time Second N Symbols
IDFT
Power
Cyclic
Prefix First N Symbols
IDFT
N Subcarriers
SC-FDMA vs. OFDMA
Feature SC-FDMA OFDMA

Low PAPR Y X
Performance X Y
Uplink MIMO X Y
Contents
1.5 Downlink OFDMA
1.6 Uplink SC-FDMA
SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO
Increases capacity since a

single user benefits from
multiple data streams. MU-MIMO
SU-MIMO
Increases sector
capacity by allowing
users to share streams.
Spatial Multiplexing MIMO
Spatial Multiplexing Interference
Issues
MIMO Space Time Coding
Concept
Adaptive MIMO Switching
Questions
True / False. A cyclic prefix is used to combat multipath
delays.
a. True.
b. False.
Questions
How many symbols are there in a slot when a normal CP is
used?
a. 5.
b. 6.
c. 7.
d. 8.
Questions
Which of the following are downlink transport channels?
a. BCH.
b. PCH.
c. RACH.
d. UL-SCH.
e. DL-SCH.

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LTE Air Interface

Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1.1 Radio Interface Techniques

1.2 Principles of OFDM

1.3 LTE Channel Structures

1.4 LTE Frame Structure

1.5 Downlink OFDMA

1.6 Uplink SC-FDMA

1.7 Multiple Input Multiple Output

1.1 Radio Interface Techniques

1.2 Principles of OFDM

1.3 LTE Channel Structures

1.4 LTE Frame Structure

1.5 Downlink OFDMA

1.6 Uplink SC-FDMA

1.7 Multiple Input Multiple Output

1.4MHz 128 1.92MHz

3MHz 256 3.84MHz

5MHz 512 7.68MHz

15MHz 1536 23.04MHz

20MHz 2048 30.72MHz

PAPR (Peak to Average

illustrates two of the main multipath effects,

Higher spectral efficiency for wideband channels - 5MHz and

Flexible spectrum utilization.

Relatively simple implementation using FFT and IFFT.

Some OFDM systems can suffer from high PAPR (Peak to

Accurate frequency and time synchronization.

1.1 Radio Interface Techniques

1.2 Principles of OFDM

1.3 LTE Channel Structures

1.4 LTE Frame Structure

1.5 Downlink OFDMA

1.6 Uplink SC-FDMA

1.7 Multiple Input Multiple Output

PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel)

PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)

PHICH (Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel)

PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)

PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel)

PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel)

1.1 Radio Interface Techniques

1.2 Principles of OFDM

1.3 LTE Channel Structures

1.4 LTE Frame Structure

1.5 Downlink OFDMA

1.6 Uplink SC-FDMA

1.7 Multiple Input Multiple Output

1.1 Radio Interface Techniques

1.2 Principles of OFDM

1.3 LTE Channel Structures

1.4 LTE Frame Structure

1.5 Downlink OFDMA

1.6 Uplink SC-FDMA

1.7 Multiple Input Multiple Output

Configuration NSCRB NSymbDL

Normal Cyclic Prefix ∆f = 15kHz 7

1.1 Radio Interface Techniques

1.2 Principles of OFDM

1.3 LTE Channel Structures

1.4 LTE Frame Structure

1.5 Downlink OFDMA

1.6 Uplink SC-FDMA

1.7 Multiple Input Multiple Output