For SCRs the device consists of an anode

and a cathode, where the joints are of type

LABORATORY N.2
CONTROL ANGLE OF SHOOTING
WITH SCR
Agustin castro lopez -
acastrol1@libertadores.edu.co
Gabriel Gonzalez
gggonzalezm01@libertadores.edu.co
P-N-P-N between them. Therefore it can
be modeled as 2 typical transistors P-N-P
and N-P-N, so it is also said that the
thyristor works with voltage feedback. 3
joints are thus created (called J1, J2, J3
respectively), the door terminal is

1. OBJECTIVES

• Overall objective

- Design and implement a circuit

that allows controlling the angle of
conduction or firing in a load.

• Specific objectives

- Carry out measurements of and

make theoretical comparisons with connected to junction J2 (NP junction).
the practices o Observe and
analyze the behavior of said
assembly make changes based on Figura 1. Esquema tiristor
the measurements to achieve the
objective proposed in class.

1.1 Shooting methods

1. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
1.1 Definition
The thyristor corresponds to a family of
electronic components consisting of
semiconductor elements that use internal
feedback to produce a switching. The
materials of which it is composed are of
the semiconductor type, that is to say,
depending on the temperature at which
they are located they can function as
insulators or as conductors. They are
unidirectional (SCR) or bidirectional
(TRIAC) or (DIAC) devices. It is generally
used for the control of electrical power.
For the triggering of a thyristor, the anode
- cathode junction must be live polarized
and the control signal must remain long
enough to allow the thyristor to reach an
anode current value greater than IL, the
necessary current to allow the SCR to
start driving. So that, once fired, it remains
in the driving zone, a minimum current of
IH value must circulate, marking the
passage from the driving state to the direct
blocking state.
1.1.1 Shot per door
When the anode voltage becomes
positive with respect to the cathode,
junctions J1 and J3 have direct or positive
polarization. Junction J2 has reverse
polarization, and only a small leakage
current called idle state current ID will flow.
It is then said that the Thyristor is in a
direct blocking condition in the deactivated
state. If the anode to cathode voltage VAK
increases to a sufficiently large value, the
reverse polarized J2 junction will break.
This is known as avalanche rupture and
the corresponding voltage is called the
direct breaking voltage VB0. Since the
junctions J1 and J3 already have direct
polarization, there will be a free movement
of carriers through the three junctions,
which will cause a large direct current from
the anode. It is then said that the device is
in a driving or activated state. The above
can be better understood when observing
the graph of the characteristic curve of the
Thyristor, which is shown in the following
figure.
Figura 2. Curva característica del tiristor
2.2.2 Triggering by voltage module
It is due to the avalanche multiplication
mechanism. This form of trip is not used to
intentionally trip the thyristor; however, it
happens in a fortuitous way caused by
abnormal voltage in the electronic
equipment.
2.2.3 Triggering by voltage gradient
A sharp rise in the anode potential in the
direct direction of conduction causes the
trip. This case, rather than a method, is
considered an inconvenience.
2.2.4 Radiation firing
It is associated with the creation of
electron-hole pairs by the absorption of
light from the semiconductor element. The
light-activated SCR is called LASCR.
2.2.5 Shooting by temperature
The temperature trigger is associated with
the increase of electron-hole pairs
generated in the semiconductor junctions.
Thus, the sum of the currents tends rapidly
as the temperature increases. The
breaking voltage remains constant up to a
certain value of the temperature and
decreases with increasing temperature.
Figura 3. Disparos de SCR
Effects with inductive loads
When the load of the SCR is an inductive
load, (it behaves like an inductor), it is
important to take into account the time it
takes the current to increase in a coil. The
pulse applied to the gate must be durable
enough so that the current of the load
equals the coupling current and thus the
thyristor remains in conduction. In this
type of charge, the current can, in
principle, change as suddenly as the
voltage does. But if the circuit is inductive,
as it is the case of electric motors, then the
current can not undergo sudden changes,
being able to arrive to have a considerable
delay with respect to the tension. If the
inductance is high, two problems can
appear:
It can happen that the thyristor does not
even turn on, if it turns out that when the
current is very slowly growing at the
moment of activation of the gate, when the
activation pulse stops, the current has not
even reached the minimum IH necessary
to keep the thyristor on. The solution to
this problem is to make the ignition pulses
longer.
If the current delay is very large, it may be
that when it becomes less than the holding
current I_H, the voltage is already so great
that the thyristor remains on, so that it
never shuts off. To avoid this problem, a
diode is mounted in parallel with the load
to derive the excess current that causes
the thyristor to not clos
Figura 4. Corriente y voltaje con carga
inductiva
1. MATHEMATICAL DESIGN AND
DEVELOPMENT
In the laboratory there are four assemblies
with different types of power and tripping
in addition to the variation of the loads
between resistive and inductive, that is,
there will be eight assemblies based on
the four basic ones.
Materials used in practice
• Tiristor BT151-500R-only for simulation
• Thyristor C106D
• Capacitors
• Reducer Motor
• AC motor
• DC Bulb
• AC bulbs
3.1 Circuit.
In order to achieve AC tripping, it must be
clear what type of thyristor is to be used
since, depending on the model, the values
provided in the datasheet by the
manufacturer will allow the mathematical
development of the components of the
tripping circuit, the proposed assembly is
the next:
Figura 5. Disparo con fuente AC
For this case the C106D will be used and
to corroborate the mathematical
development data at the end of this report
will be attached its corresponding
datasheet. The data are:
 𝑉𝑆 = 200𝑉 ; 𝑉𝐺𝑇𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.8𝑉 ; 𝐼𝐺𝑇𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
200𝑚𝐴 ; 𝐼𝐺𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 500𝑚𝐴 ; 1. PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDS

We assume the value of the capacitor for

this ceramic case of C = 100nF code 104.
The time constant (R1 + R2) C, must be in
the range of 2x 〖10〗 ^ 3 and 30x 〖10
〗 ^ 3 in order to obtain a wide adjustment
range, the time constant must be able to
be adjusted with a large part of This range,
we assimilate the ranges in 2x 〖10〗 ^ 3
and 25x 〖10〗 ^ 3. The minimum
constant of tempo occurs when R2 is
completely 0, in such a way:

(R1+0)(100𝑋10−9)=2𝑋103
To analyze the assembly of the
circuits and their correct operation
the teacher in charge requests to
take measurements of the currents
We clear and get R1.
of enchanche and maintenance of
R1=20k
the circuit with its resistive and
inductive loads.
The maximum time constant (maximum
firing angle) occurs when R2 is at its
2. CONCLUSIONS.
maximum value, so we decide that:
- After turning on the scr, it is not
(R2+20)(100𝑋10−9)=25𝑋103 necessary that the gate continue
receiving power because it will
We clear and obtain the value of the continue to drive until the voltage
potentiometer for R2. decreases to such an extent that it
R2=230k is deactivated

. - The scr allow us to control the

passage of current to certain
branches of a circuit preventing
damage and extending the life of
these. - According to the reference
of the scr they can control different
types of returns. - As long as no
voltage is applied to the GATE of
the scr, the conduction does not
start, since this is the key for the
thyristor to remain active.
1. BIBLIOGRAPHY.

https://sensoricx.com/electroni
ca-de-potencia/la-guia-maxima-
scr/
http://www.itcelaya.edu.mx/ojs/i
ndex.php/pistas/article/downloa
d/410/397

https://elsiecasttro.wordpress.c
om/2014/11/03/practica-4-
implementacion-de-metodos-
de-disparo-de-triacs/