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i)“ infectious diseases. I (4) Non Infectious Diseases: 8% Ans. Diseases which do not occur
through infections
Cancer :
Malignant tumor :
Generic medicines :
(7)
Ans. General medicines, that are manufactured and distributed without any patent are known
as generic medicines.
Ans. It is a state of complete physical, mental and social well -beingness and not merely the
absence of any disease.
Give names of 5 non infectious disease other than given in the lesson.
*(3)
Ans.
infected person throws out little droplets on coughing, sneezing. These are termed as
droplet nuclei.
Tuberculosis; flu,
diseases.
Ans. The person infected with the rabies virus is afraid 'of water so it is commonly called as
hydrophobia. I
Ans. The resistance to the onset of a disease after infection by harmful germs is termed as
vaccination. It increases the ability to resist diseases.
,’(10) What causes Dengue? Ans. Dengue is caused by DEN -1, 2 Virus belonging
Ans. Mosquitoes lay eggs in water logged places increasing their population.
(12) What measures are taken by the BMC to control the population of mosquitoes?
Ans. Spraying DDT, spraying and fuming pesticides and through awareness campaigns.
*(13) What are the reasons of infection of swine flu?
Ans. Infection fer swine‘flu occurs through pigs and humans. ‘It also Spreads through
secretions of nose, throat and salive.
Ans. The symptoms are difficulty in breathing with sore throat and body pain.
available?
Our behaviour with. HIV infected person must be normal as AIDS does not occur due to
touching and sharing food with HIV infected
person.
Ans.
(16)
Ans.
Ans. Rabies occurs due to the bite of the infected dog, rabbit, monkey, cat, etc. It enters the
brain via neurons and can cause death.
Ans. There is fever for 2 to 12 weeks accompanied With exaggerations in behaviour and
Hydrophobia.
(19) How can we prevent Rabies?
Ans. It can be prevented by timely vaccination before the onset of symptoms that start to
appear within 90 to 170 days of dog bite.
Ans. Various techniques like CT scan, MRI scan, mammography, biopsy are used in detection
of cancer.
Ans. It can be consumption of tobacco, gutkha, smoking, alcoholism, lack of fiber content in
food, excessive consumption of junk food, heredity and many other factors.
Ans. Cancer can attack organs like mouth, lungs, tongue, stomach, pancreas, breast, uterus,
skin and tissues like blood. ' '
Ans. It could be heredity, obesity, lack of physical exercise, mental stress etc. (24) What
causes diabetes?
Ans. If the hormone insulin produced in pancreas is secreted in low quantities, then glucose
level cannot be controlled and it causes diabetes.
Ans. These are manufactured and distributed without any patent. The cost is low. The
medicines are at par in quality with branded medicines.
Ans. If people follow right lifestyle like right food, sufficient sleep, yogasanas, pranayam and
physical exercise, then one can remain healthy‘
(27) What scheme did the government of India declare about Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadi
Yojana:
Ans. In this scheme, best quality medicines are made available in affordable prices to the
citizens.
*(28) Which are various media 'of spreading the infectious diseases? '
Ans. Infectious disease can spread from one infected person to other, by contaminated food
or water or by transfusion of blood, or by sharing of needles.
*(29) Which are main reasons of diabetes and head diseases? '
Ans. Reasons of diabetes: Heredity, obesity, lack ol physical exercise and mental stress.
a’(30) Depending upon which symptoms, rabies can be identitied? (Can you tell; Textbook
Pagt 10)
Ans. There is fever for 2 to 12 weeks accompanied with exaggerations in behaviour and
Hydrophobia.
Q23. Distinguish between: ’(1) Infectious diseases and Non Infectious diseases
Ans. Infectious diseases Non Infectious diseases (i) Diseases caused due to infectious agent
or (i) Diseases which do not occur through infections pathogens is called as infectious
disease. and body contacts are called as non infectious M diseases. ' (ii) Diseases spread
quickly. * (ii) Disease is restricted to the person. (iii) These are caused due to microbes or
pathogens. * (iii) These are caused due to genetic abnormalities! wearing out of tissues. (iv)
Eg. Night blindness, diabetes
ww
(2) AnSTuberculosis
AIDS
(i) Caused by a bacteria called Mycobactérium (i) Caused by' a virus called Human Immuno
tuberculosis
I , s _ (3) Cholera and Typhoid Ans. Cholera (i) Caused by a bacterium Vibrio cholerae
l *mn. 1..
*1
*(1) Dengue
Ans.
(i) We must see to that water should not be kept open. . '
(iii) Plants having dishes below it should be'. Checked for water. Water can get collected into
'
it.
(2) Diabetes
A118If one follows proper diet, take rnedicines and exercise regularly under the supervision
of doctor then diabetes can be controlled.
*(3) Cancer
Ana.
is more beneficial to cure the cancer. (m) Avoiding addiction like tobacco chewing, smoking
etc.
-_ mv’WW-WW
deficien virus.
.7...
#(iii) Treatmentvaccination, drinking boiled water. (iii) Treatment vaccination, PIOPer disposal
0f
sewage.
(iv) There is no cure but prevention is the only way to stop it.
(i) A diet Which contains all the constituents in the proper proportion, Le. Carbohydrates,
Proteins,
(iii) In childhood, children grow fast, they need more proteins than the senior people. Every
food group is essential for our body.
(iv) Each food group has its own special nutrients. By taking equal proportions, we .can have
a balanced diet.
Ans.
(i) A strong physique and an alert mind developed through regular exercise, participation in
games, yogabhyas keep one free from diseases.
(1V) It .Ihakes the students vigilant, develops team §p1r1t and attains leadership qualities.
i‘ . Q.3.1. Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
uuuuuuuuuu u---------------------------
5 his family in a slum. Hisfather is drunkard. His mother 5 , does not know the importance of
balanced diet. :
--------------------------------------1
(1) Master 'X’ may suffer from. which possible dlseases in above conditions.
weakness, stunted growth. (2) How will you help him and his family in this situation? “
Ans. We can direct them to medical institutions, give them training about clean healthy
habits. An awareness programme highlighting the importance of healthy nutritious food can
be arranged. '
Ans. The father of master lX’ can suffer from Cancer, Heart attack, Liver failure.
Q.3.2. What can be achieved] Can be prevented? (1) Drinking boiled and filtered water. '
Ans. One can achieve good health by drinking boiled and filtered water. One can also keep
away from diseases like Hepatitis, Dysentry, Cholera and Typhoid etc.
Ans. One will remain fit and healthy; and lead a good healthy life. He/ she will be free from
donation. Ans. One can prevent from the fatal disease AIDS, if blood is screened before
transfusion.
(ii)
Ans. u _ e s1ckness. t0
become sick.
page 6) I Ans.
(i) When the intensity of disease or sickness I' very low, we don’t consult a doctor and fee
But when we suffer from heavy infection relat; to any part of body; it is extremely importan
to consult a doctor who will prescribe prepe medication.
How do the following disease spread? ( can you tell, Textbook page 6) Ans.
(ii)
*(4)
Malaria spreads through female Anophel' mosquito ' E scabies spreads through skin skin
contact 0 an infected individual. T.B .spreads from one infected individual t other by air,
sneezing,.coughing etc. l (v) Dengue virus spreads through DEN 1, L Virus. ' .
(iii)
(iV)
(vi)
with infected person. (viii)Swine flu spreads through infected pigs an humans. *(5) What do
you mean by pathogen? (Can you tell Textbook page 6) Ans. (i) Pathogens are defined as
disease causing micro-organisms.
Ans.
the table; Textbook page 7) AM Name of . disease Pathogens Made of mfection (1) Enteritis "
Serralia Contaminated food and water (2) Malaria Plasmodium Female Anopheles vivax
mosquito (3) Plague Yersinia Rodents like rats or Pestis infected flea. (4) AIDS HIV virus
Sharing of needles, transfusion of blood, sexual contact
'(8) How can we observe personal hygiene? (Can you tell; Textbook page 8)
6) By washing hands and legs before eating and after visiting the toilet
(iii) By brushing teeth regularly twice a day to keep away from bad breathe.
“9) Why should we drink boiled water in rainy season? (Can you tell; Textbook page 8)
(ii) Boiled water dissolves cough and help to Mmove it from respiratory track
disease or communicable disease, is illness resulting froman infection. (ii) Infections are
caused by infectious agents including virus, bacteria and parasities etc. (iii) Eg: Tuberculosis,
Influenza, Cholera, HIV/ AIDS, Malaria.
1’1er a table 0f information about various diseases like Enteritis, malaria, plague and AIDS.
(Complete
Symptoms Prevention and treatment Abdominal pain, Oral rehydration theraph (ORS)
cramping, diarrhoea, can be made with pr0per diet. dehydration and fever High fever,
vomiting Use of mosquito nets or and headache. repellants followed by proper
. medication
headache. . Large Lymph nodes, Safe sex, no sharing of needles weight loss etc. _ etc.
I'(10) Why the ’clean hands’ drive is run in school? (Can you tell; Textbook page 8)
Ann. Clean hands drive is run in school to create awareness of the usefulness and positive
impact that it has on healthy living.
I‘(11) Which measures are taken at your home to control the rats? (Can you tell; Textbook
page 9)
Textbook page 9)
(1) Dogs, cats and birds being domestic revolve around human beings. (11)Therefore to
protect humans from all sort of
Ans.
(1) Yes, there is a relation between pigeons, stray ammals and human health.
(ii) Pigeons dropping can cause a disease called Histoplasmosis to humans and
similarly stray animals can also cause various diseases.
*(14) What are effects of rats, cockroaches on human health? (Can you tell; Textbook
page 9) ‘
Ans. .
(i) Rats and cockroaches are some of the most common pests that can impact human
health.
(ii) Rats can even spread epidemics such as the black plague. Most common illness
caused by rats is hantavirus which is spread by breathing in debris contaminated with
rat faeces and urine.
(iii) Cockroaches unknowingly touch contaminated areas and in turn touch food and
water or any
kitchen utensils. Since they regularly shed their shells they can be a great risk to
human health.
*(15) Why the animal cages and their living places should not be near the kitchen?
(Can you tell;
Ana. (i) Animal cages and their living places should not be near the kitchen because it
may contaminate
food. (ii) The hair or feather from animals or birds may enter food thus making it unfit
for consumption. *(16) Discuss the control of cancer and prepare poster for the
displaying in classroom. “(Discuss Textbook page 10)
(iii)Avoid addictions like tobacco, CheWin smoking, etc. 3. (Students can prepare
poster with the above; points.)
*(17) Do you remember any person dnn' king “1!; sugar _free tea or avoiding
consumption 0!) sweets? What may be the possible reas0n for this? (Can you tell;
Textbook page 10)
Ans. Person drinking sugar free tea or avoiding consumption of sweets may probably
1. suffering from diabetes. .
*(18) Poor people do not afford the costly medicimN Is there any alternative for this?
Which One? (Think about it; Textbook page 12)
Ans. (i) Poor people do not afford the costly medicin (ii) 50 they can choose for
generic medicines.
(iii) Also, Government of India declared it Pradhan Manthri Jan Aushadi Yojana on 1.
July 2015.
available in affordable prices to the citizens. (v) ’Jan .Aushadi Stores’ are launched for
{W purpose. a’Q.3.4. Observe the diagram and answer n‘r
J”
Ans. It may spreads various diseases like Malax' Dengue, Dysentry, Typhoid, Hepatitis
etc.
I. Q 3 5 obsemlthe pictures show in followin wmg
(a)
99 I
(e). (d)
‘l _L.
fig. 2.2
Ans.
(a) Sirice open containers With water ere place for mosquitoes to lay their eggs, keep
such type of containers always closed.
(b) An open container with drinking water is a place for mosquito breeding so this
should be kept
(c) Like open containers, air cooler is also a mosquito to breeding place. Cleaning air
cboler pr0per1Y and regularly can avoid this.
(CD Small babies should wear proper dresses to ' prevent diseases spread by
mosquitos.
(8) Fish tanks kept at homes are also place for mosquito breeding. Changing water
and cleaning tank regularly can avoid this.
Q.4. Answer the following in brief: (1) What is a disease? How are diseases classified?
Name some diseases?
Ans.
covered all the time. Types of Diseases ‘ According to duration According to reason
(1) Chronic diseases ‘ (2) Acute diseases Hereditary Acquired . disease disease ' 1
Infectious diseases Non Infectious ‘ (common cold, flu, . diseases (Diabetes, dengue) '
Heart diseases)
(2) What are infectious diseases? Give the pathogen of mode of infection, symptom
and prevention an treatment of diseases like Tuberculosis, Hepatitis, Dysentry,
cholera, Typhoid. ‘1
Ans. Infectious diseases which spread through contaminated air, water, food or
vectors are called as infectious
(i) Dengue is caused by DEN 1,2 virus belonging to the type flavivirus.
(ii) symptoms are: (a) Acute fever, headache and vomiting (b) Pains in eye socket
(c) Decrease in platelet count that may lead to internal hemorrhage. '
(4) How does swine flu spread? What are the symptoms of swine flu? Where is the
diagnosis of swine flu done.
(ii) The virus spreads through the sweat of infec .~ person. Similarly, it spreads
through secretio. of nose,_ throat and saliva.
(iii) The symptoms are difficulty in breathing, so throat and body pain.
(iv) The diagnosis is carried on in National Institu of Virology (NIV), Pune and National
Institu‘ of Communicable Diseases (NICD) Delhi.
(5) How does AIDS spread. State its signs and symptoms and the preventive
measures?
Ans.
(i) AIDS is a medical condition caused by'a Vi“ Human Immunodeficiency Virus. i.e.
HIV. 171’“. virus weakens the immune system.
(ii) It spreads through: (a) Unprotected sex with an infected person(b) Direct contact
with infected blood.
'_-------_--------------‘
(1)
(2)
(1) (2)
. (3)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
‘E
-------~.; -~ ‘._ m1
Q.1. (B) Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the statement: ‘ (2) . test is used for
the diagnosis of AIDS. "
Q. 2. Answer the following: (any 2) ' . (4) Where are the diagnostic facilities of swine
flue available? What are the symptoms of swine flue? Distinguish between Infectious
and non-infectious diseases.
Q.3. Answer the following: (any 2) . ‘ (5) Explain the importance of the following. ‘ '
(i) Balanced diet (ii) Physical exercise . Prepare a table of information about
pathogens and symptoms of the following diseases. (i) Enteritis (ii) malaria ' (iii)
plague
What is cancer? State the reasons, why one acquires it? What are the symptoms?
MW