Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Physics
Chapter
Electricity and Magnetism
1
Electrostatics
2. Charge in an Atom
2
Conductor: The FREE electrons are loosely held to nuclei and can travel freely in the conductor.
Insulator: The electrons are held tightly by nuclei and cannot move easily.
3
4
Electrostatic precipitation Photocopying Electrospray
5
HKDSE Physics
Electricity and Magnetism – Chapter 1 Electrostatics
Exercise 1.1: Electric Charges
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only
3. A nucleus is made up of
6
4. Which of the following particles carries positive charge?
A. Atom
B. Electron
C. Proton
D. Neutron
A. Kilogram
B. Newton
C. Coulomb
D. Degree Celsius
7. When a glass rod is rubbed with a piece of silk cloth, the glass rod becomes positively charged. What happens in
the process?
A. Protons are transferred from the silk cloth to the glass rod.
B. Protons are transferred from the glass rod to the silk cloth.
C. Electrons are transferred from the silk cloth to the glass rod.
D. Electrons are transferred from the glass rod to the silk cloth.
8. Metal ball X carries charge of –1 C and metal ball Y carries charge of 0.6 C. Then the balls touch each other.
What is the overall charge of the balls?
A. –1.6 C
B. –0.4 C
C. 0.4 C
D. 1.6 C
7
9. Metals are good conductors because they have movable
A. atoms.
B. electrons.
C. neutrons.
D. protons.
(1) Plastics
(2) Wood
(3) Copper
11. Two objects P and Q are 20 cm apart. P carries charge of 5 10–9 C and Q carries charge of –3 10–9 C. What is
the force acting on P by Q? The permittivity of free space is 8.85 10–12 C2 N–1 m–2.
A. 1.69 10–6 N
B. 6.74 10–7 N
C. –3.37 10–6 N
D. –4.24 10–5 N
8
13. In the figure below, the balls are hung by nylon threads.
X Y Z
A. positive negative negative
B. positive positive positive
C. neutral neutral neutral
14. Which of the following methods is the best to prevent charges from accumulating on a petrol tanker?
15. Three point charges P, Q and R are arranged at the vertices of an equilateral triangle as shown. P and Q carry
positive charges while R carries negative charges of the same magnitude as P and Q. What is the direction of the
net electric force acting on P?
A. →
B. ←
C. ↑
D. ↓
9
16. The magnitude of the electrostatic force between two charged objects is related to
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only
17. In the figure, two rubbed acetate strips repel each other when brought together. Which of the following is the
reason?
18. If a neutral atom contains 3 protons and 4 neutrons, how many electrons does it have?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 4
D. 7
19. Which of the following figures correctly shows the electric force between two charges?
A. B. C. D.
10
20. Two charged objects X and Y are 10 cm apart. The charge on X is 2 × 10−6 C. The electric force acting on it by Y
is 7.2 N. What is the charge on Y?
(Given 8.85 × 10−12 C2 N−1 m−2)
A. 3 × 10−7 C
B. 4 × 10−6 C
C. 6 × 10−4 C
D. 5 × 10−3 C
(1) When you brush your hair with a plastic comb, the comb attracts your hair.
(2) We are attracted to the earth.
(3) Lightning strikes a building.
22. The balls shown below carry the same amount of charge of the same sign.
A. →
B. ←
C. ↘
D. ↖
11
23. Metal ball X carries charge of 0.6 C and metal ball Y carries charge of −0.3 C. If they touch each other, which of the
following statements is correct?
24. When a metal sphere is earthed in the absence of other charged objects, which of the following statements must be
correct?
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
25. Two charged spheres are hung from the ceiling by insulating threads and keep balanced as shown below.
12
Which of the following statements must be correct?
(1) The spheres carry the same type of charge.
(2) The spheres carry the same amount of charge.
(3) The spheres have the same mass.
A. (1) only
B. (3) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
26. The dome of a Van de Graaff generator is earthed and a positively-charged metal rod is brought near the dome. What
is the charge on the dome just before and after the rod touches the dome?
Before After
A. negative positive
B. negative neutral
C. neutral positive
D. neutral neutral
13
Part B Structural Questions
2. Two acetate strips are rubbed by dusters. What will happen when the two rubbed strips are brought together? Explain
briefly. (2 marks)
3. Give two ways that can reduce the electric force between two charged objects. (2 marks)
4. Two neutral objects A and B are rubbed against each other and objects A becomes negatively charged.
(a) Is object B negatively charged, positively charged or neutral after rubbing? (1 mark)
(b) Explain briefly why object A becomes negatively charged after rubbing. (1 mark)
14
6. Two balls X and Y are 40 cm apart. Ball X carries charge of 2 × 10−6 C and ball Y carries charge of −3 × 10−6 C. The
permittivity of free space is 8.85 × 10−12 N−1 m−2.
(c) If the balls are moved closer to each other, how will the electric force between them change? (1 mark)
15
(b) Why does the sphere become neutral after earthing? (1 mark)
8. Ball S hung by a nylon thread is attracted towards object T as shown. The charge of S and T are 6 × 10−6 C and −5 ×
10−6 C respectively. Take −C2 N−1 m−2.
(b) Find the mass of S. The acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m s−2. (2 marks)
16
9. (a) In the figure, a neutral metal-coated polystyrene ball is hung on an insulated rod. It is brought near the dome of
device X slowly and is attracted by the dome.
(ii) What will happen if the ball touches the dome? Explain briefly. (3 marks)
(b) Bring an earthed metal sphere instead of the insulated ball near the dome. What will happen? Explain briefly.
(2 marks)
17
10. Three balls are positioned on a smooth horizontal surface as shown. Both balls X and Z carry charge of 0.6 C and ball
Y carries charge of −0.5 C. Ball Y is at the mid-point between balls X and Z.
(a) The balls are released at the same time. How will Y move just after it is released? Explain briefly. (4 marks)
(b) Z is removed and X and Y are released at the same time, how will the force acting on Y by X change? How will
Y move just after it is released? (3 marks)
11. In the figure, a negatively-charged rod is brought near a piece of uncharged aluminium foil from the top.
(a) Draw the induced charge on the foil in the figure. (2 marks)
18
(b) Why does the negatively-charged rod attract the aluminium foil? (2 marks)
19
13. In the figure, a negatively-charged rod is brought near a neutral insulated metal sphere.
(a) (i) What happens to the protons and electrons in the metal sphere when the rod is brought near?(2 marks)
(b) Then the metal sphere is connected to the earth via a conducting wire when the negatively-charged rod is still
next to it.
(i) What particles will flow between the metal sphere and the eartg? In what direction do the particles flow?
(2 marks)
(iii) If we want to retain the charge on the metal sphere after the negatively rod is removed, what should we
do first, removing the rod or disconnecting the sphere from the earth? (1 mark)
20
14. In the figure, two metal spheres are hung from the ceiling by insulating threads.
(a) Briefly explain why the two metal spheres can keep balanced in this way. (3 marks)
(b) Suppose that A and B have the same mass of 0.5 kg and the charge of A is 3 × 10−6 C.
(Given: g = 9.81 m s−2, −C2 N−1 m−2)
21
(ii) Find the tension in the string hanging B. (2 marks)
(c) If A is neutral and B carries positive charge, can they keep balanced like the situation shown in the figure
finally? Why? (4 marks)
22