RXEE Digital Excitation System

Operating Manual

Ver.1.2

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Digital Excitation Equipment type RXEE-2C

1 OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................................4

2 COMPOSITION OF EXCITATION SYSTEM.........................................................................4

3 MAIN FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS...................................................................................4

3.1 MAIN FEATURES.................................................................................................................4

3.2 MAIN FUNCTIONS..............................................................................................................5

4 SPECIFICATIONS AND AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS...........................................................6

4.1 SPECIFICATIONS.................................................................................................................6
4.2 PROTECTION FUNCTIONS..................................................................................................6
4.3 SYSTEM DATA....................................................................................................................7

5 EXCITATION REGULATOR...................................................................................................7

5.1 HARDWARE.........................................................................................................................7
5.1.1 Main Control Unit........................................................................................................8
5.1.2 Touch Panel Unit........................................................................................................10
5.2 SOFTWARE........................................................................................................................11
5.2.1 Basic Functions..........................................................................................................11
5.2.2 Function Modules.......................................................................................................12
5.2.3 Limit Functions...........................................................................................................14

6 INTELLIGENT THYRISTOR CONVERTER.....................................................................17

6.1 STRUCTURE......................................................................................................................17
6.2 CONNECTION DESCRIPTION............................................................................................17
6.3 STATIC TEST.....................................................................................................................17
6.4 OPERATION SYSTEM TEST..............................................................................................17
6.5 OVER-VOLTAGE PROTECTION AND DE-EXCITATION CIRCUIT......................................17

7 INTELLIGENT LCD UNIT....................................................................................................18

7.1 DIAGRAM OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERFACE...............................................................18

7.2 TERMINAL CONNECTIONS DIAGRAM..............................................................................18
7.3 KEY FUNCTION SPECIFICATION......................................................................................19
7.4 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS.............................................................................................19
7.4.1 Display the Main Operation Information..................................................................19
7.4.2 Analog Display...........................................................................................................20
7.4.3 Digital Display...........................................................................................................21
7.4.4 Modifiable Parameters Display.................................................................................22
7.4.5 Parameters Modification............................................................................................23
7.4.6 Time Settings...............................................................................................................23
7.4.7 LCD Contrast Regulating..........................................................................................24
7.4.8 RS485 Communication Settings.................................................................................25
7.4.9 Waveform Recording..................................................................................................25
7.4.10 LCD Back Light Settings............................................................................................25
7.4.11 Numbers of Thyristor Converters Select....................................................................26

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睿信创和电气
RXCH Electric

7.4.12 CAN Baud Rate Settings.............................................................................................26

7.4.13 Network Communication State...................................................................................27
7.4.14 Special Operation.......................................................................................................27

8 APPLICATION ENVIRONMENT.........................................................................................27

9 OPERATING INSTRUCTION OF EXCITATION EQUIPMENT....................................28

9.1 BUTTONS OF REGULATOR CABINET................................................................................28

9.2 SWITCHES OF REGULATOR CABINET..............................................................................28
9.3 BUTTONS OF INTELLIGENT THYRISTOR CONVERTER CABINET.....................................28
9.4 SWITCHES OF INTELLIGENT THYRISTOR CONVERTER CABINET....................................28
9.5 SWITCHES OF FIELD SUPPRESSION CABINET..................................................................29
9.6 SWITCHES OF TRANSFORMER PROTECTION CABINET....................................................29
9.7 START UP OPERATION.....................................................................................................29
9.8 NORMAL STOP OPERATION.............................................................................................29
9.9 EMERGENT STOP OPERATION.........................................................................................30

10 TROUBLESHOOTING.......................................................................................................30

10.1 FLASHING FAILURE.........................................................................................................30

10.2 ALARM.............................................................................................................................31
10.3 CHANNEL FAULT..............................................................................................................31
10.4 P.T.( POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER) FAILURE....................................................................32
10.5 FIELD BREAK OFF...........................................................................................................33
10.6 OVER EXCITATION LIMITER FAULT.................................................................................33
10.7 PQ LIMITER FAULT..........................................................................................................33
10.8 CHANNEL RUNNING ERROR.............................................................................................34
10.9 CHANNEL CHANGE-OVER................................................................................................34
10.10 Working mode change-over.............................................................................................34

1 Overview
The RXEE series excitation system for synchronous generator is composed of the main
control module, intelligent thyristor converter and intelligent display module. CAN network is

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 Digital Excitation Equipment type RXEE-2C

adopted to connect each module. Main control unit uses 32-bit floating-point DSP chip as the core
of computing and control. The main circuit of RXEE excitation system adopts three-phase full-
controlled bridge rectifier and linear/nonlinear resistance de-excitation system. The RXEE
excitation system has a variety of automatic regulating modes such as Automatic Voltage
Regulating mode, Field Current Regulating mode, constant Power Factor regulating mode, constant
Reactive Power regulating mode and PSS. The system is in conformance with the relative standard
GB/T7409.3-1997, GB10585-89 and IEC34-16.

2 Composition of excitation system

RXEE excitation device is applicable to synchronous generator excitation system. Its
operation principle is: Excitation regulator first measures out the generator frequency by the
capture unit and calculates out the cycle of AD sampling. After that, generator terminal voltage,
stator current, power system voltage and field current are sampled. The calculated values of
terminal voltage, system voltage, stator current, active power, reactive power and power factor are
calculated out and then through PID operation the trigger angle of thyristor is obtained. Excitation
regulator sends trigger angle α to intelligent thyristor converter through CAN-bus network in order
to control generator field current .
220V AC power can be used as the exciting power, after transformation and rectifier it can be
supplied to rotor current to start exciting. When terminal voltage reaches 30% (this value can be
modified on line) of the rated voltage, a control signal can be sent out automatically to disconnect
exciting contactor and cut off the exciting power. System steps into the normal regulation mode.
DC power also can be adopts as exciting power, it connects with exciting contactor through current-
limiting resistance.

3 Main features and functions

The RXEE series excitation system for synchronous generator adopts dual-channel in the
hardware design, which can satisfy the users with high reliability requirements.
3.1 Main features
 Main control unit uses 32-bit floating-point DSP chip as the core of computing and control.
The DSP chip adopts high-performance static CMOS technology. Its operating frequency can
reach 150MHz. It not only has the digital signal processing capability but also the powerful
event managing capability and embedded control function, which greatly improved the
integration and reliability of the system.
 Field bus technology is adopted, each unit of the system transfers data through network, which
greatly reduces the line connections and the failure rate and makes the system easy to upgrade
and extend.
 The actuator of excitation regulator is the intelligent thyristor converter which adopts 16-bit
dsPIC microcontroller to be its control core. The intelligent thyristor converter sends out pulse
signal to control field current in accordance with the instructions from excitation regulator ，it
also has an independent manual adjustment function, intelligent load sharing function and
SCR monitoring function.
 Intelligent LCD unit with convenient buttons and 192X128 Chinese dot matrix liquid crystal
display modules adopts 16-bit MCU as its control core. It provides users a friendly interface
through which the data displaying, parameter changing, fault recording and communication

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睿信创和电气
RXCH Electric

with the host computer can be realized.

 The main functions of the optional touch panel module are data displaying, parameters
modifying and fault recording. The standard WINDOWS interface make operation more
intuitive and friendly.
 Self-test function. When the system does not have compressor start up condition, fault location
and parameters modifying can be realized inner the excitation device. Available machine time
is shortened effectively.
 Serial communication port for communication with the host computer.
 Operation buttons adopts new LED instruction buttons which have long service lives.
 The terminals adopt advanced clip-spring terminals which are more convenient and reliable.
 Reliable AC/DC redundancy power supply.
 Independent dual hardware channel with automatic change-over function.
 The switch state signals and control command signals (DC220V) are switched to 24V signals
through optical isolation terminals.
 Self-diagnose and watch-dog.
 Asynchronous interrupt programming method to avoid the faulty change over and faulty trip
by net interference. Update of the data acquisition, PID algorithm and triggering angle
calculation can be fulfilled in less than 5ms.
 14-bit A/D converter with simultaneously sampling technology make sure the sampling
accuracy and speed.
 Software digital set-point unit, which can realize tracking, change reset value and set-point
speed easily.
 Sound protection. Digital I/O signals can be monitored through the panel indicator and a
variety of analog/digital variables and modifier can be monitored through LCD.
3.2 Main Functions
 Generator voltage regulating mode
 Field current regulating mode
 Constant power factor regulating mode
 Constant reactive power regulating mode
 Over-excitation limiting
 Under-excitation limiting
 Excitation fault supervision
 V/Hz limiting
 PT fault supervision
 Series communication function
 Fault recording function
 Digital signals recollection
 SCR monitoring
 Digital average current

4 Specifications and auxiliary functions

4.1 Specifications
 Voltage Regulator Sensitivity: ±<0.5 rated voltage
 Regulating range:

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 Digital Excitation Equipment type RXEE-2C

Auto channel: 70110 rated terminal voltage（can be timely modified）

Manual channel: 0%110% rated field current（can be timely modified）
 Forced excitation: 1.62
 Duration of Ceiling Current: 10 Seconds
 Reactive Compensation Range: 1515, level diffidence 0.01
 Frequency Responds: <0.5/Hz
 Soft start on Field Flashing: non-overshot, non-oscillation, regulating time <5s
 Non-load 10% step : overshot<5，oscillation number<3, regulating time 5s
4.2 Protection Functions
 Power Supply Protection: Standby channel power supply fault alarm
Switchover from operating channel to standby channel alarm
 Field Flashing Protection: Automatic cutoff on failure of flashing or flashing overtime
 Excitation Fault Protection:
Switchover from operating channel to standby channel, trip if switchover failed
 Over-excitation and Under-excitation Protection
 V/Hz limiter: prevent generator from low-frequency and over-load
 Potential Transformer Failure Protection: Changeover form Auto channel to Manuel channel
 Operation power monitoring:
Operation power supply fault alarm when DC 220/110V operation power failure
4.3 System Data
 Analog Input Data:
Excitation PT: 3×105V (rated)
Instrument PT:3×105V(rated)
System PT(optional):3×105V(rated)
Stator current: 5A (full scale)
Excitation Current: A
A/D channels: 20
 Digital IO channels:
Input channel: 19
Output channel: 19
 DC voltage:
Operating voltage: DC 220V
Signal bus voltage: DC 220V
DC voltage for field flashing: DC 220V
DC voltage for field breaker: DC 220V
 AC voltage(station service) AC220V, three phase (for testing, AC flashing, fans)

5 Excitation Regulator
5.1 Hardware
RXEE excitation regulator is composed of the main control unit, touch panel unit, power
transformer, measuring transformer and signal relays.

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睿信创和电气
RXCH Electric

front view
R6 R5
R7
XD
wire socket

TERMINAL
Generator Reactive
Voltage power
K 012 K 017 K 020 K 021 K 022 K 025 K 026 K 027 K 028 K 029

PV 81 PV80 IN T E R N A L
wirer socket
P V 8 0 -1
K 030 K 031 K 032 K 033 K 034 K 035 K 015 K 016 K 045

wire socket
X3 X4
C M P
DSC DSC
(touch panel)

TERMINAL
TERMINAL
wire socket

XP E x te r n a l
E x te r n a l S1

wire socket
S061 S060 S010 S011 S070 S071 S030 S031
QM OFF QM ON CH I CH II AVR ON FCR ON FLASHING INVERT
ON
DY1 DY2 DY3 DY4
S020 S021 C001 C 002 C 003
RAISE LOWER X2
X1
wire socket

TERMINAL
Q1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 5 Q 6 Q 7 Q 10 CZ

CTU D Y 10 wire socket

E x te r n a l

E x te r n a l
KM 1 V2 V3 V 010 V 012 V 014 V 015 V 016

wire socket

g ro u n d tie r

T6 T4

Figure 2 ELEMENT ARRANGEMENT DIAGRAM

5.1.1 Main Control Unit

RXEE excitation regulator is designed for dual-channel structure. It has two independent main
control units but exactly the same hardware. Each channel can be configured to AVR （ Automatic
Voltage Regulator ） mode and FCR （ Field Current Regulator ） mode. In AVR mode, generator
terminal voltage is the regulation object. The reactive power of generator is regulated automatically
according to the change of network voltage in order to realize constant terminal voltage operation.
Typically, AVR control is prefer to FCR mode in generator excitation regulation. In FCR mode,
generator field current is the regulation object to realize constant field current operation. This mode
is independent from terminal voltage in run time and thus is suitable for debugging and
maintenance work (such as short-circuit test). In normal operation, one of the two hardware
channels is the operation channel, another is in hot standby mode and can replace the operation
channel at any time.

X1
X6

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 Digital Excitation Equipment type RXEE-2C

Digital output i
ndication
JTAG

主控单元
Digital inpu
ton indicati
Comunication and Supply P
ower indication

X10

X11

X5 X4 X3

Figure 3 Main
control unit

Main Control Unit Ports:

X1: Analog Input Port 1
X3: Analog Input Port 2
X4: Power Port
X5: Digital Input Port
X6: Digital Output Port
X10: CAN Port 1
X11: CAN Port 2
The main control unit includes adapter board and DSP control board.
The main functions of adapter board are analog signals conditioning and digital isolation I/O.
Analog signals such as PT signals, CT signals and field current are input into adapter board and
after adapter and filter circuits the signals suitable for the scope of DSP sampling will be output to
the DSP control board.
Digital isolation input unit changes 24V input signals to 5V signals for CPU. The control
signals and state signals are isolated output through digital isolation output unit. The output signals
then will be isolated by relays to control the external heavy-current circuit.
DSP control board is the core of the excitation regulator, its main functions are AC sampling,
signal synthesis, the set-point value calculation, PID calculation, channel monitoring, serial
communication, limiting and protection procedure and parameters modification and storage.
5.1.2 Touch Panel Unit
Touch panel unit is optional. It is a 12.1″XGA TFT LCD panel computer with windows XP
operating system. Its main functions are data on-line display, control parameters on-line
modification, on-line operation in operation conditions, test recording and fault recording.

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睿信创和电气
RXCH Electric

AVR_INPUT
IE_LIMITER

励磁电流限制器

IEMIN_LIMITER MAX
×îСÀø´ÅµçÁ÷ÏÞÖÆÆ÷
Isin¦Õ
Icos¦Õ P_Q_LIMITER

Ç·ÀøÏÞÖÆÆ÷
FOLLOW_UP_CTRL
IE IEXC AVR_PID
SCALING
U_MACH1 -
～
+
= U_MACH2 GATE_CONTROL

Isin¦Õ
_
～ AVRÊäÈëÐźŴ¦Àí ×Ô¶¯Í¨µÀPIDµ¥Ôª
Icos¦Õ
= Ãſص¥Ôª
Uk
Uk
¸ú×Ù¿ØÖÆ
Ä£ÄâÁ¿
´¦Àíµ¥Ôª

FREQUENCY_SCALE
FREQUENCY_MOV
ƵÂʲâÁ¿ºÍ¼àÊÓ
AVR_REF_INFLUENCE
RAISE/LOWER_COMMANDS
AUTO AVR_SETPOINT
V/Hz
REF
AUTO LIM

×Ô¶¯Í¨µÀ ×Ô¶¯Í¨µÀ¸ø¶¨Öµ×ۺϵ¥Ôª
¸ø¶¨Öµ²úÉú

MAN_SETPOINT MANUAL_PI
REF Q REF Q_CTRL
+/- Icos¦Õ
REF + -
ºãQµ÷½Ú
MAN

cos¦Õ REF COSPHI ÊÖ¶¯Í¨µÀPIÔËËã

¿ª¹ØÁ¿ÐźŸôÀë

¿ª¹ØÁ¿ÊäÈë

MAN ºãcos¦Õµ÷½Ú
ÊÖ¶¯Í¨µÀ¸ø¶¨µ¥Ôª

Ôö¼õ´Å¿ØÖÆ
5.2 Software CONTROL LOGIC
ON cos¦Õ CTRL U_MACH1 FAULT ALARM
5.2.1 Basic Functions EXCITATION_ON/OFF_CTRL ON Q CTRL
AUTO ON
I_EXC
I_cos¦Õ ALARM CH_FAL
MONITORING
¿ª¹ØÁ¿ÐźŸôÀë
¿ª¹ØÁ¿Êä³ö

FIELD_FLASHING STB ON I_sin¦Õ

In order to regulate and control
TRANSFOR_CTRL generator
MAN ON terminal voltage
U_MACH2 and reactive powerTRIP accurately, the
EXC ON/OFF
response time of excitation voltage must be less than a few milliseconds. For the excitation
FCB ON/OFF

¿ØÖÆÂß¼ Àø´Å¼à¿Ø
regulator, it must continuously compare the actual value with the set-point value and almost no-
IE
delay to G change the trigger angle. Besides regulating terminal voltage and reactive power,
3¡«
excitation regulator must fulfill the functions such as excitation limiter and excitation monitor.
In software design, according to the function, the asynchronous timing interrupt modular
design is used. A number of task groups are divided based on the features of each module.

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 Digital Excitation Equipment type RXEE-2C

Figure 4 software block diagram

5.2.2 Function Modules

 Analog Processing Unit
The analog signals including field current, terminal voltage and stator current can be changed
to digital signals through A/D conversion. In this module these digital figures will be further
converted to relative value for the calculation of software.
 Frequency Measurement and Monitoring Unit
Frequency measurement is realized by the use of ECAP function of the DSP chip. The
measured frequency value is used for the V/Hz limiter and triggering A/D conversion。
 Digital Signals Processing Unit
The digital signals control required are sampled and necessary state signals and alarm signals
are output timing in this module.
 Excitation Control（EXCTTATION_ON/OFF_CTRL）
The excitation state and field breaker state are determined according to the system state in this
unit.
 Field Flashing Unit（FIELD_FLASHING）
When field flashing, excitation contactor is controlled by this unit. Excitation time and
EXCITATION_OFF action value are adjustable. The excitation contactor will be cut off
automatically and the excitation failure signal be sent out when excitation time is reached but the

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睿信创和电气
RXCH Electric

actual value dose not reach the EXCITATION_OFF action value.

 Transfer Control Unit（TRANSFER_CTRL）
This module controls the working state switching of the dual hardware channel and the
switching between auto channel and manual channel. The default working channel when power up
is configured in this module.
 Raise/Lower Control Unit（RAISE/LOWER_COMMANDS）
The raise/lower command is transferred to the working
channel(AUTO 、MANUAL 、COSPHI、Q_CTRL）through the digital input.
 Set-point Value Max/Min Unit（REF_MAX / MIN）
Output the set-point value max/min signals of working channel in this unit.
 Power factor (COSφ) control and constant reactive power control (COSPHI / VAR_CTRL)
Choose power factor control mode or constant reactive power control mode according to the
digital input.
The reference is set according to the operating condition. When running in the corresponding
mode, the reference is controlled by rising/lowing command. When out of the corresponding mode,
the reference follows the system condition for stably switch.
 Field Current Limiter（IE_LIMITER）
The maximum field current has basically two different set-points: One for ceiling limitation
(field forcing) and a second for thermal limitation (maximum continuous).
 P_Q_LIMITER
When the net voltage increases to a certain value, generator operating leading power factor
operation (absorb reactive). Generator runs out of step when leading phase to a certain value. In this
module, reactive voltage leading phase is limited by controlling the active voltage and field current,
 Average Set-point Generation Unit（AVR_SETPOINT）
The set-point value of the AVR can be adjusted by means of raise and lower commands. When
AVR channel is standby, the set-point value is controlled by the difference of the two channels`
control signal Uk. The set-point value of constant COSφ mode and constant reactive power mode is
controlled by the output value of superimposed control unit. The set-point value changes to default
value when field flashing and system splitting.
 AVR_REF_INFLUENCE Unit
In this unit, it is mainly include the functions like reactive power compensation, soft-start and
V/Hz limiter.
 AVR_INPUT Unit
In normal condition, the difference of the set-point value and the actual value is the output of
this unit. When limiters are working, the output value is the output of corresponding limiters.
 Auto Channel PID Unit (AVR_PID）
The input of the PID controller is the output signal of AVR_INPUT unit. The output of the PID
controller is the control voltage signal for auto channel. Differential time constant and integration
time constant can be adjusted according to the operating limiters.
 Manual Set-point Value Generation（MANUAL_SETPOINT）
The set-point value of the manual channel can be adjusted by means of raise and lower
commands. When the manual channel is standby, the set-point value is controlled by the difference
of the two channels` control signal Uk. The set-point value changes to default value when field
flashing and system splitting.

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 Digital Excitation Equipment type RXEE-2C

 Manual Channel PI Unit (MANUAL_PI）

The input of this unit is the difference of manual set-point value and measurement value. The
output is control voltage signal of manual channel.
 Follow-up Control Unit（FOLLOW_UP_CTRL）
An automatic follow-up control ensures a surge-free change-over from automatic (AVR) to
manual (FCR) control mode. When operating in the AVR mode, the difference signal automatic
channel output and manual control output is used for the automatic follow-up. This difference
signal is also used as a feedback signal for the channel which is presently not in operation and
therefore in open loop condition. This is necessary for a stable balancing between the AVR and the
FCR. In a dual-channel system the inactive channel follows automatically the leading channel.
 Gate Control Unit（GATE_CONTROL）
The output of α angle is controlled according to the control voltage signal determined by the
follow-up control unit.
 Monitoring Unit（MONITORING）
The monitoring unit is used for supervising the state of excitation regulator such as PT break,
faulty forced excitation, control channel changeover and no-excitation
 Fault Alarm Unit（FAULT_ALARM）
Output fault alarm signals according to the faults.
5.2.3 Limit Functions
 V/Hz Limiter and Soft-start
The main functions of V/Hz limiter is lower the terminal voltage of generator automatically
when frequency declines in order to protect generator, the transformers and motors connected with
the generator from over-load. This limit function is realized in the AVR_REF_INFLUENCE Unit,
the logic block diagram is shown in Fig.5.

AVR_REF_INFLUENCE

U A RA MP
- 1 0 s /D U RA MP
R EF1_A V R_R EL OLL O R EF4_A V R_R EL
D
Q _ D R O O P /C O M P E N S
OLL T
T
RUN O N -S O FTS TA R T

1 TO N O =U_MA CH
1>2
2 T C
D E L A Y _ V / H Z _ L IM _ A TD
& O N _ V / H Z _ L IM IT E R

A UTO _O N

REF_U M A X _A V R V _H Z _ER R_M A X

B
REF_U M A X _fN O M _A V R
1
R E F _ V / H Z _ L IM _ A V R
F _ M A C H _ R E L A T IV E _ B A C K

f
1

4000

FLA SH_O FF

S O FTS TA RET_R A M P

12
Figure 5 V/Hz limiter and soft
staring 起励
睿信创和电气
RXCH Electric

V/Hz limiter characteristic curve can be regulated through parameter modification.

REF_UMAX_FNOM_AVR is the max set-point value (correspond to terminal voltage) when
frequency is the rated frequency. This parameter is the basic point of the rotation curve,
REF_V/Hz_LIM_AVR determines the curve slope (the ratio of voltage changes and frequency
changes), REF_UMAX_AVR is the max set-point value (limit value). A limit value B can be
obtained corresponding to each frequency F_MACH_RELATIVE_BACK, when the real set-point
value (set-point value + reactive differential transfer value) A> B, the timer start working. When the
record time reaches the delay time, C point outputs logic 1 and limiter works (when AUTO_ON,
ON_V/Hz_LIMITER works). Set-point value D reduces from A to B through integrator so the
excitation is reduced and terminal voltage is lowered.
Soft-start is used to prevent the generator from over-load. When FLASH_OFF and terminal
voltage goes up to 40% of the rated voltage, soft-start begins to work. The terminal voltage slowly
increases to D (normal set-point value) in the set-point time (SOFTSTART_RAMP).
 Field Current Limiter
In the process of automatically voltage regulating, field current will increase automatically to
keep terminal voltage constant. When the terminal of generator goes failure, voltage falls down
markedly and field current increases greatly, which may damage equipment and generator. So field
current limit function is necessary for automatic voltage regulator circuit.
Field current limit function mainly includes immediate limitation and delay limitation.
Immediate limitation mainly protects thyristor. Over current can easily damage the thristor because
its thermal time constant is very small. Delay limitation mainly protects generator rotor and bridge
rectifier from thermal overload. When the current increases, the heat increases but not immediately
reaches the maximum, so the current is allowed to continue for some time.
The field current limiter function block diagram is shown in Fig.6. IE-REL is the measurement

value of field current. I e max is the maximum value, I eth is the thermal value （ The rotor can be

allowed long-term operation with I eth without thermal over-load ） ,OUT-IE-LIMITER is the

output value of limiter, IE-MAX-RETRIG is the input terminal of the limiter repeated trigger, tup

is the forcing excitation time, t down is cooling time constant, the total energy system allows is

Emax =  I e max － 0.9 I eth )2  tup . In normal operation condition （ limiter is not working ） ,

the set value of limiter is I e max , the output is I e max -IE-REL. Because I e max ＞ IE-REL, the

limiter is not working in AVR channel. If system failure occurs ， field current increases to IE-REL

＞ I e max , the limiter immediately work in AVR channel and make IE-REL=Iemax. Field current

is the close-loop regulation object, at the same time, integrator start to work on the forced excitation
current（△i＝IE-REL－0.9Ieth）energy integral△E=∫△i2dt, when △E＝△Emax, the set value of
limiter lowers to IE-REL=Ieth. In the failure time, if Ieth<IE-REL<Iemax ， immediate limitation
would not work but energy integral still working. If △E ＝ △Emax, IE-REL would be lowered to
Ieth, over excitation time is proportional to over field current. After the fault removal, if IE-REL ＜

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 Digital Excitation Equipment type RXEE-2C

Ieth, △E would decreases with a time constant tdown until △E=0, and the set value of limiter turns
back to Iemax. If system failure occurs again when the energy did not decrease to 0, IE-MAX-
RETRIG would triggered to make the set value turn back to Iemax. But because △E is not reduced
to 0, the forcing excitation time(the time △E reaches △E max) would be shorten, which can protect
rotor from thermal over-load when system failure repeated.
IE_LIMITER
IE_REL
+
Ieth OUT_IE_LIMITER
ADD

-
Iemax

1
2
2
2＞1
 i dt

+
ADD
- reset
IE_MAX_REPRIG t up , t down

AVR
 P/Q LimiterREF + MIN MAX PID
UG -
P/Q limiter (low-excitation limiter) is used to prevent generator from low excitation and out of
step. Limitation curve is composed of five points which are the maximum leading phase reactive
Figure6
values corresponding to active power P ＝Over
0 ％ , excitation
P ＝ 25 ％ ,limiter
P ＝ 50 ％ , P ＝ 75 ％ , P ＝ 100 ％ . These
reactive values is defined correspond to rated voltage, when the voltage is not rated value,

limitation curve moved according to the expression （ 1  u 2 ） /Xd to ensure the generator is

correctly limited from leading phase.

The principle diagram of P/Q limiter is shown in Fig.7. In normal operation condition, the
output value of limiter is negative and limiter is not working. When leading phase to limitation
curve, limiter start to work and keep the output at the limitation value.

P/Q_LIMITER
I_SINPHI_REL
+
U_MACH_REL OUT_Q_LIM
ADD
P �
I_COSPHI_REL 1.0 Q(p) 1  U G2
0.75 X y  Q( P) 
0.5 Xd
0.25
Q
0
6 Intelligent Thyristor Converter
6.1 Structure
AVRthyristor converter is composed of controller unit, display unit, pulse amplification
Intelligent
U REF
and isolation unit, + rectifier and protection component, de-excitation circuit, operation circuit
bridge MIN MAX PID
UG �
and communication circuit.
Testing switch is used for self-test. Figure 7 P/Q limiter
Controller unit is a crate structure with width 483mm and high 310mm. The main controller
board is in the crate.

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睿信创和电气
RXCH Electric

Pulse amplification and isolation unit includes two boards, a total of six amplification and
isolation.
LCD is located at the top of the main entrance.
6.2 Connection Description
Connect the correct port of the system:
The output of field breaker QM connects the rotor of generator.
The input of anode switch QD101 connects the output of excitation transformer.
Terminals are divided into three groups. XM1 is the ports connected with ones external this
system, XM2 and XM3 are the ports connected with excitation regulator. （ The specification of
connections between this system and excitation regulator is shown in the special terminal
connections diagram.）
6.3 Static Test
Static test should be taken according to the factory examination report.
Monitoring the output waveforms of thyristor converter with waveform recorder when test.
The waveform should change continuously and adjustable.
Observe on the LCD, communication should be regular and reliable.
6.4 Operation System Test
According to the operation chart, operation system should be regular and reliable.
Field breaker, fan start-stop and signal input should be regular and reliable.
6.5 Over-voltage Protection and De-excitation Circuit
The output of Thyristor converter connects with over-voltage protection which can absorb the
peak of over-voltage and protect the rotor when rotor is over-voltage.
Thyristor converter connects with non-linear de-excitation resister which can absorb the
energy and protect rotor when field breaker breaks.

7 Intelligent LCD Unit

7.1 Diagram of Human-computer Interface

LCD Screen

Home Menu Enter Esc

7.2 Terminal Connections diagram
V+ V- H L H L A B
RS485-
GND
DD
GRAN

CANL
D
GRAN

CANL
D
GRAN

D
GRAN
+24V

CANH

CANH

RS485+

15
Power 24V CAN1 CAN2 RS485
 Digital Excitation Equipment type RXEE-2C

7.3 Key Function Specification

Key name function

Left Up Arrow-left a page；cursor left in parameter setting.

Right Down Arrow- right a page；cursor right in parameter setting.

cursor up ； Up Arrow-up a row ； increase the value when the

Up
parameter in setting status.
cursor down ； Down Arrow-up a row ； decrease the value when
Down
the parameter in setting status.

Home Home Show the main information of operation.

Menu Menu Show main menu information.

Enter Enter Enter next-level menu；Write the setting value to memorizer

Esc Escape Return to previous menu；give up the changed the value.

7.4 Operating Instructions

7.4.1 Display the Main Operation Information
1) LCD screen displays the main operation information when power up or reset.
2) Press “HOME”, LCD screen displays the main operation information.

*CHANNEL I*AUTO*EXC ON*RAISE*

Terminal voltage = 6300 V
Field current = 158 A
Trigger angel = 68
Active power = 8000 kW
Reactive power = 6000 kVA
Frequency = 50 Hz
Stator current = 1200 A
16

Default screen
睿信创和电气
RXCH Electric

The first line:

“CHANNEL I” shows that regulator channel I is running.
“CHANNEL II” shows that regulator channel II is running.
“AUTO” shows that regulator is running in automatic mode.
“MANUAL” shows that regulator is running in manual mode.
“EXC ON” shows that regulator is in the state of Excitation on.
“EXC OFF” shows that regulator is in the state of Excitation off.
“RAISE” shows that regulator is raising excitation.
“LOWER” shows that regulator is lowering excitation.
7.4.2 Analog Display
Press “MENU”, LCD displays the main menu information, cursor stop at “1.Analog Display”.
<< Main Menu >>
1. Analog Display
2. Digital Display
3. Modifiable Parameters
4. Function Parameters Settings
5. Network Communication State

Press “Enter”, LCD displays analog menu and cursor stops at “Regulator Channel I”. Press
Mainneeded.
“Down” can move the cursor to position Menu
<< Analog >>
Regulator Channel I
Regulator Channel II
1# Thyristor Converter
2# Thyristor Converter
3# Thyristor Converter
4# Thyristor Converter
Press “Enter”, LCD displays analog information of regulator channel I.
<< Channel I Analog>>
Analog=Menu
Terminal Voltage 6300 V
Filed Current = 158 A
Trigger Angle = 68
Active Power = 8000 kW
Reactive Power = 6000 kVA
Frequency = 50 Hz
Stator Current = 1200 A

Analog of Regulator Channel I

<< Main Menu >>
1. Analog Display
2. Digital Display
7.4.3 Digital Display
3. Modifiable Parameters
Press “MENU”, press “Down”, StopParameters
4. Function cursor at “2.Digital
Settings Display” position.
5. Network Communication State

17

Main Menu
 Digital Excitation Equipment type RXEE-2C

Press “Enter”, LCD displays digital menu. The cursor stops at “Regulator Channel I”. Press
“Down” can move the cursor to position needed.

<< Digital >>

Regulator Channel I
Regulator Channel II
1# Thyristor Converter
2# Thyristor Converter
3# Thyristor Converter
4# Thyristor Converter

Press “Enter”, LCD displays digital information of regulator channel I.

Digital Menu
<< Channel I Digital>>
Channel I Operating = 1
AVR Operating = 1
EXC ON = 1
On Line = 1
Regulator Failure = 0
FCB ON >1.5s = 0
Channel I Failure = 0

Digital of Regulator Channel I

7.4.4 Modifiable Parameters Display

Press “MENU”, LCD displays the main menu, press “down”, stop the cursor at “3.Modifiable
Parameters”.

<< Main Menu >>

1. Analog Display
2. Digital Display
3. Modifiable Parameters
4. Function Parameters Settings
5. Network Communication State

Press “Enter”, LCD displays modifiable

Mainparameters
Menu menu. The cursor stops at “Regulator

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睿信创和电气
RXCH Electric

Channel I”. Press “Down” can move the cursor to position needed.

<< Modifiable Parameters >>

Regulator Channel I
Regulator Channel II
1# Thyristor converter
2# Thyristor converter
3# Thyristor converter
4# Thyristor converter

Press “Enter”, LCD displays modifiable parameters of regulator channel I.

Modifiable parameters
<< Channel I Modifiable Parameters>>
CA = 3000
DA = 40
HA = 250
PA = 36
A1 = 80
A2 = 10
A3 = 0

7.4.5 Parameters Modification

Modifiable Parameters of Regulator Channel I
Make the LCD display modifiable parameters according to the method described in 7.4.4.
Make the cursor stop at position needed to be modified. Press “Enter”, the underline cursor appears
below the corresponding figure.

<< Channel I Modifiable Parameters>>

CA = 3000
DA = 40
HA = 0000250
PA = 36
A1 = 80
A2 = 10
A3 = 0

Press “Up”, the figure increases. Press “Down”, the figure decreases.
Press “Left”, the underline cursor moves left. Press “Right”, the underline moves right.
Modifiable Parameters of Regulator Channel I
Press “Enter” to finish the modification.
Press “Esc” in the process of data modification to cancel the modification.
7.4.6 Time Settings
Press “MENU”, the main menu is displayed. Press “Down”, move the cursor to “4.Function
Parameters Settings”.
<< Main Menu >>
1. Analog Display
2. Digital Display
3. Modifiable Parameters
4. Function Parameters Settings
5. Network Communication State

19

Main Menu
 Digital Excitation Equipment type RXEE-2C

Press “Enter”, LCD displays settings menu. The cursor stops at “Date setting”. Press “Down”
can move the cursor to position needed.

<< Settings>>
1. Date Setting
2. LCD Contrast Regulating
3. RS-485 Communication Settings
4. Waveform Recording
5. LCD Back Light Settings
6. Thyristor Converter number Select
7. CAN Baud Rate Setting

Press “Enter”, LCD displays time setting information.

Settings Menu

Year 08
Month 08
Day 28
Week 04
Hour 09
Minute 36
Second 58

The time can be modified according to the method in 7.4.5.

Time Setting
7.4.7 LCD Contrast Regulating
According to the method in 7.4.6, make LCD displays the contrast regulating information.
Press “Left” to reduce contrast and press “Right” to increase contrast.

Press [<-] Reduce Contrast

Press [->] Increase Contrast

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Contrast Regulating
睿信创和电气
RXCH Electric

7.4.8 RS485 Communication Settings

According to the method in 7.4.6, make LCD displays the RS485 communication settings
information. Communication parameters can be modified according to the method in 7.4.5.

Baud Rate = 96
Device Address = 9

7.4.9 Waveform Recording

According to the method inRS485
7.4.6, Communication settings
make LCD displays the waveform recording information.
Waveform recording parameters can be modified according to the method in 7.4.5.

<<Fault Variable of Waveform Recording Select >>

Channel Switch =1
AVR/FCR Switch =1
FCB OFF =1
System Splitting =1
Over-excitation =1
Under-excitation =1
V/F Limiter Action =1

Indication: When the value of parameters is “1”, the system begins to record waveforms.
7.4.10 LCD Back Light Settings
According to the method in Waveform
7.4.6, makeRecording Settings
LCD displays the back light settings information. The
parameters can be modified according to the method in 7.4.5.

<<Back Light Settings>>

Close Back Light = 1
Time of Back Light = 5

Indication: When “Close Back Light” is “0”, the back light is always on. When the “Close
Back Light” is “1”, the back light will be closed automatically when the no-operation time is longer
than “Time of Back Light” which can not be set “0”. Press any key can turn on the back light when
it is closed. The unit of “Time of Back Light” is minute.
7.4.11 Numbers of Thyristor Converters Select
According to the <<“Number ofBack
Thyristor
method in 7.4.6, Light Converters
make LCD Select”>>
displays
Settings “Numbers of Thyristor Converters
Select”. The parameters can be modified according to the method in 7.4.5.
Number of Thyristor Converters = 1

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 Digital Excitation Equipment type RXEE-2C

Number of Thyristor Converters Select

Indication: “Number of Thyristor Converters” is “1” indicating that there is 1 thyristor
converter in excitation system.
Attention: the number must be in the range of 1~4.
7.4.12 CAN Baud Rate Settings
According to the method in 7.4.6, make LCD displays “Baud Rate Settings”. The parameters
can be modified according to the method in 7.4.5.

Baud Rate （ K ） = 500

Indication: “Baud Rate (K)” is“500”indicating that CAN baud rate is 500K.
Attention：This value must be one CAN Baud
of the fourRate Settings
values (1000, 500, 250, 125).
7.4.13 Network Communication State
Press “MENU”, the main menu is displayed. Press “Down”, move the cursor to “5.Network
Communication State”.

<< Main Menu >>

1. Analog Display
2. Digital Display
3. Modifiable Parameters
4. Function Parameters Settings
5. Network Communication State

Press “Enter”, LCD displays “Network Communication State”.

Main Menu
<<Network Communication State >>
Regulator Channel I Normal
Regulator Channel II Normal
1# Thyristor Converter Normal
2# Thyristor Converter Normal
3# Thyristor Converter Normal
4# Thyristor Converter Fault

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Network Communication State

睿信创和电气
RXCH Electric

Indication: “Fault” indicates that the device is in communication failure state. “Normal”
indicates that the device is in normal state.

7.4.14 Special Operation

Press “HOME” or “Display” is ineffective when modifying parameters.

8 Application Environment
 Environmental Temperature: －5℃～＋40℃.
 Air humidity≤90％（20℃）.The changes of relative humidity≤5% per hour and no dewdrops.
 Operation location should avoid conductive and explosive dust, should avoid gas and steam
which can lead to metal corrosion and isolation failure.
 Vibration condition allowed: vibration severe degree level is 10 ～ 150Hz, vibration
acceleration≤5m/s2.
 Altitude≤1000m. Design and produce according to user protocol when attitude>1000m.

9 Operating Instruction of Excitation Equipment

9.1 Buttons of Regulator cabinet

NAME INSTRUCTION
FCB OFF Break field breaker
FCB ON Close field breaker
ChannelⅠ Select channel Ⅰ as operating channel
ChannelⅡ Select channel Ⅱ as operating channel
AVR ON Select terminal voltage regulation mode
FCR ON Select constant field current regulation mode
Flashing On Excitation regulator starts field flashing
Invert Regulator inverts and de-excitation
Raise Regulator raises field current
Lower Regulator lowers field current
9.2 Switches of Regulator cabinet

NAME VOLTAGE MODE INSTRUCTION

Q1 AC220V Test power
Q2 DC220V Initial power supply
Q5 DC220V Operating power of regulator channelⅠ
Q6 DC220V Operating power of regulator channelⅡ
Q7 AC220V Lighting power of regulator
Q10 DC220V Operating power of touch panel
9.3 Buttons of intelligent thyristor converter cabinet

23
 Digital Excitation Equipment type RXEE-2C

NAME INSTRUCTION
Fan ON Running the fan
Fan OFF Stopping the fan
9.4 Switches of intelligent thyristor converter cabinet

NAME VOLTAGE TYPE INSTRUCTION

Q101,Q201,Q301 AC50V Test power supply
Q102,Q202,Q302 AV220V Fan power supply
Q107,Q207,Q307 DC220V DC power supply
QD102,QD202,QD302 DC Output voltage of the converter
QD101,QD201,QD301 Secondary voltage SCR anode power
of excitation
transformer
9.5 Switches of field suppression cabinet

NAME VOLTAGE TYPE INSTRUCTION

QM DC Output voltage of excitation system

9.6 Switches of transformer protection cabinet

NAME VOLTAGE MODE INSTRUCTION

Q1 DC220V Control bus power supply
Q2 DC220V DC power supply
Q31,Q32,Q33 Synchronous power Voltage of excitation transformer secondary
(AC） side
S1,S2 Switch of “ON”,“OFF”and “TEST”position

9.7 Start Up Operation

1) Confirm the excitation equipment non-failure and all connections correctly connected.
2) Turn on the powers of excitation system: Operating power, closing bus bar, signals bar
and AC 220V.
3) Close the following switches Q1, Q3, Q5, Q6 and Q10. Turn S1、 S2 to “ON” position.
4) Break off Q101、 Q201、 Q301.
5) Close Q102 、 Q202 、 Q302,close Q107 、 Q207 、 Q307 ,close
QD101、QD102、QD201、QD202、QD301、QD302，Close the self-locking switch of
QD101、 QD201、 QD301.
6) Select operating channel of regulator: channelⅠ(channelⅡ). 、
7) Select operating mode of regulator: AVR mode（FCR mode）.
8) Close field breaker QM.
9) Regulator non-failure, push “Flashing On” button when generator speed reaches 95%
rated.
9.8 Normal Stop Operation
1) Confirm the generator and power grid is disconnection.

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 睿信创和电气
RXCH Electric

2) Push “Invert” button of regulator to make generator voltage reduce to 0V.

3) Break off field breaker QM.
4) Break off Q1, Q3, Q5, Q6 and Q10, turn S1 、 S2 to “OFF”.
5) Break off Q102 、 Q202 、 Q302 、
Q107、Q207 、Q307 、QD101 、QD102 、QD201 、QD202 、QD301 、QD302.
6) Turn off the powers of excitation system: Operating power, closing bus bar, signals bar
and AC 220V.
9.9 Emergent Stop Operation
1) Push “FCB OFF” button of regulator to break the field breaker immediately.
2) Break off switches and turn off powers according to the requirements of stop operation.
3) Check the causes of failure.

10 Troubleshooting
10.1 Flashing Failure
The internal field flashing contactor is switched on as “FLASHING” command is given, as
soon as the generator voltage should reach reference voltage. If Generator voltage cannot reach
reference voltage within flashing times, Alarm signal “FLASHING FAILURE” shall be send out,
CH. ON
the field circuit breaker shall be trip at the same time .
Generator
1
Voltage
1<2 TD & Flashing
failure
Reference 2
Voltage of
Field Flashing 25

Flashing EXC ON
time
 Digital Excitation Equipment type RXEE-2C

Flashing failure logic diagram

Possible cause:
Field circuit interrupted , check AC or DC power supply, flashing contactor;
Field circuit-breaker doesn’t close, Check field circuit-breaker;
No electronics auxiliary supply, Measure auxiliary supply ,Check for tripped protective
circuit-breaker;
Excitation regulator error, check measurement circuit Generator Voltage, and control relay
K012.
10.2 Alarm
Signal “ALARM” shall be sent out ,as following error;
 OEL FAILURE
 Exc. P.T. failure
 Field Breaker failure
 Channel failure
 Standby channel failure
 Channel working mode error
10.3 Channel fault
Signal “channel fault” shall be sent out ,as following fault
 PQ Limiter fault；
 V/Hz limiter fault；
 AVR fault；
 Over limiter fault；
 EXC PT failure；
 Power supply fault；

V/Hz limiter fault

channel
>=1 failure
PQ Limiter fault

AVR ON
Over Limiter Fault

AVR Fault Channel

>=1 & >=1
fault
Exc. P.T. Failure

26

Power supply fault

 睿信创和电气
RXCH Electric

Channel fault logic

10.4 P.T.( potential transformer) failure

EXC PT +
+
-1
- TD Exc. PT
1 〉2
+2 0.1s failure
Measurement
PT

+
1
+ 1>2
TD Measurement
- 0.1s PT failure
2

PT failure control logic

15%Ugn Possible cause:
P.T. circuit broken, check fuse and wiring for P.T.
Measurement circuit of Regulator error
10.5 Field break OFF

Over voltage on
unload
CH ON

Over limiter 3s alarm of

TD
over limiter
>=1 Field
fault 3s
faul Regulator break
&
fault
OFF
PQ TD 3s alarm of
Limiter 3s PQ limiter
fault faul

FCB trip logic

Flashing
Possible cause：
failure
Over voltage on unload
3s alarm of over limter fault；
3s alalrm of PQ limter fault；
Flashing fault；
10.6 Over excitation limiter fault
Excitation system with over excitation limiter and protection function, when the over
excitation limit out of action, in order to protect the generator and excitation system, the
excitation system will be over excitation protection, and the signal “over excitation
limiter fault” will be sent out.
Possible cause：

27
 Digital Excitation Equipment type RXEE-2C

 Exctation current measurement error

 PT measurement error ；
 Fault occurs in power grud lines；
10.7 PQ limiter fault
Excitation system with PQ limiter and protection function, when the PQ limit out of
action, in order to protect the generator and excitation system, the excitation system will be PQ
limiter protection, and the signal “PQ limiter fault” will be sent out
Possible cause：
 Exctation current measurement error
 PT or CT measurement error ；
 Fault occurs in power grud lines；
10.8 Channel running error
When the standby channel without fault, the main channel and the standby
channel excitation running status is different. One channel is “EXC ON” ,and another
channel is “EXC OFF”
10.9 Channel change-over
change-over running channel by remote or local operation.
If running channel is fault, the regulator shall change-over standby channel automataticlly.
Running channel power supply is off, the regulator shall change-over standby channel
automataticlly.
10.10 Working mode change-over
AVR change to FCR
-manual operation;
-AVR mode change to FCR mode automatically as AVR is fault.；
FCR→AVR
-manual operation

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