Manufacturing Process Seminar

Memory Card Reader

October 12, 2017

Group - 35
Om Prakash 140110083
Amandeep Baraik 140110084
Ranjeet Kumar 140110072
Memory card reader
A memory card reader is a device for accessing the data on a memory card such as a
CompactFlash (CF), Secure Digital (SD) or MultiMediaCard (MMC).

Together with the card, this can function as a pen drive

 ● Secure Digital (SD) format is
used by all major digital memory
manufacturing companies
● Examples include giants like
Sony and Siemens

Why Memory Card

● Most modern Laptops come with
inbuilt SD card readers, devices

Reader ?
that have only USB inputs
require some kind of reading
device to access or modify the
data in the cards

SD card readers solve this purpose

Introduction

Memory card readers do not have built-in The number of compatible memory cards
memory capacity. varies from reader to reader

Can accept multiple types and styles of Ranges from 1 - 20

memory cards ex. MMC, T-Flash etc.
Also called as Multi Slot Card Readers
SD card can be inserted inside the card slot
in the readers which have a USB interface
Design and Manufacturers
Come in various designs and sizes

35

25 22

15
Outer Casing

● The outer casing is made up

of plastic ● Printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) can be
● Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS) is Commonly
seen after removing the casing
used
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Printed circuit board assembly (PCBA)

● PCBA can be seen after ● Printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) can be
removing the casing
seen after removing the casing
● Holds IC and slot for SD
cards
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PCB Manufacturing
● The primary component of a
PCB is the fiberglass substrate

Process
board.
● The sturdy material provides the
strength of the board
● Layers of copper and additional
layers of fiberglass substrate and
copper onto the substrate
● In addition, the PCB board
receives a solder mask layer
 ● Designer creates a layout using

Design and Output

industry standard design
software
● The most frequently used
program is called Extended
Gerber
● Gerber also goes by the name
IX274X
● The software encodes all vital
information — the copper
tracking layers, component
notations, and the solder masks
 ● Special printer called a Plotter,

From File to Film ●

makes photo films of the PCBs
The manufacturer uses the films
to image the PCBs
● The final product results in a
plastic sheet with a photo
negative of the PCB in black ink
 ● The process involves whittling
away the copper to reveal the
design from the films.
● The clean panel receives a layer
of photo-sensitive film called the

Where Will the photo resist

The photo resist comprises a

Copper Go?
●
layer of photo reactive chemicals
that harden after exposure to
ultra violet light
● This ensures an exact match
from the photo films to the
photo resist
 ● The film and board line up and
receive a blast of UV light
● The light passes through the

Where Will the

clear parts of the film, hardening
the photo resist on the copper

Copper Go?
underneath
● After the board becomes
prepared, it is washed with an
alkaline solution that removes
any photo resist left unhardened
● 1% solution of NaOH is used
Removing Unwanted Copper
Unwanted Copper
● Just as the alkaline solution removed
the resist, a more powerful chemical
preparation eats away the excess
copper
● The copper solvent solution bath
removes all of the exposed copper
● The developed PCB is etched with 220
g/l (NH4)2S2O8 a.k.a. Ammonium
Persulfate
Unwanted Resist
● Now that the solvent removed the
unwanted copper, the hardened resist
protecting the preferred copper needs
washing off
● Another solvent accomplishes this task
● The board now glistens with only the
copper substrate necessary for the PCB
 ● As a final precaution, a
technician performs electrical
tests on the PCB
● Automated tests are also

Electrical Testing
performed
● Ensures all the circuit are
working properly
INTEGRATED
● IC forms the heart of the card
reader

CIRCUIT (IC)
● The IC used is a 28pin GL827L
USB card reader chip
● The IC chip has internal ROM
that holds firmware
● Firmware is burnt into it at the
time of its manufacturing
● Low quality readers have a
Chip-on-Board (COB) IC instead
of surface mounted IC
 Steps for IC fabrication

● Wafer production

Manufacturing of IC
● Etching
● Doping
● Metallization
● Assembly and packaging
 ● wafer is a thin slice of

Wafer production semiconducting, such as a silicon

crystal, upon which microcircuit
are constructed by doping.
● Wafer are cut from single crystal
silicon by using diamond saws.
 ● Removal of unwanted material
like SiO2,SiN.
● Wet etching- wafer is soaked in

Etching
etching Solution (BHF- Buffered
hydrofluoric acid) then rinsed
clean with water.
● Dry etching- uses ionized gas
(Oxygen, Nitrogen) to remove
materials
 ● To alter the electrical
characteristics of silicon.
● Doped with boron and
phosphorus to produce N-type
and P-type.

Doping
● Done by diffusion
● Atomic diffusion - wafer placed
in a oven which is made up of
quartz surrounded by heating
element.Inert gas carries the
dopent chemical. When gas
passes through the wafer dopent
gets deposited on the wafer.
 ● It is used to create contact with
silicon and to make
interconnections on chip. A thin

Metallisation
layer of aluminum is deposited
over the whole wafer.
Aluminium is selected because it
is a good conductor, has good
mechanical bond with silicon,
forms low resistance contact and
it can be applied and patterned
with single deposition and
etching process.
 ● Before packaging every chip is
tested.

Assembly and ● There are three configurations

available for packaging.

packaging ● They are metal can package,

ceramic flat package and dual in
line package.
● For military applications, the
chip is assembled in ceramic
packages.
● The complete integrated circuits
are sealed in anti static plastic
bags.
Reader Casing and Pin Connectors
Top Casing
● The top casing allow proper insertion
of the card into the slot
● It has a slightly curled wing that makes
a small “click” sound when card is
properly inserted
Pin Connectors
● Every SD card has a 9 pin interface
from where data exchanges take place
● The curling of all pins ensures that the
card doesn’t get scratched
● These pins are curved to provide a leaf
spring action which helps in easy grip
and secure connections
● 98% Pure copper and then plated with
Nickel and then gold
Usb
Dual Functionality of USB
● The USB is mounted on the PCB
● USB connector has dual functionality
of supplying power and carrying data
● Power supply ranges from 0.5 Amp for
USB 2.0 to 0.9 Amp for USB 3.0
● Speed Ranges from 60 MBps to 640
MBps
THANKS