CHUYEN DE 4:GRAMMAR

I. Tag question: ( Caâu Hoûi Ñuoâi )

1. Caâu hoûi ñuoâi laø caâu hoûi ngaén ñöôïc theâm vaøo cuoái caâu traàn thuaät deå kieåm tra ñieàu gì ñoù coù ñuùng hay khoâng hoaëc
ñeå yeâu caàu söï ñoàng yù:
2. Caâu khaúng ñònh  caâu hoûi ñuoâi phuû ñònh Ex: You live near here, don’t you?
Caâu phuû ñònh  caâu hoûi ñuoâi khaúng ñònh Ex: You didn’t lock the door, did you?
 Notes: I am late, aren’t I?
Let’s go for a walk, shall we?
You never say what you’re thinking, do you?
Everything can happen, can’t it?
Nobody would object, would they?
 Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1. She’s finished the course, --------------?
A. isn’t she B. hasn’t she C. doesn’t she. D. didn’t she
2. Nobody was injured in the accident, --------------?
A. was there B. was he C. were they D. wasn't it
3. Jogging is good for our hearts, --------------?
A. aren’t we B. aren’t they C. doesn’t it D. isn’t it
4. The film wasn’t as good as you expected, --------------?
A. wasn’t it B. was it C. wasn’t the film D. was the film
5. The building used to be a library, --------------?
A. doesn’t it B. didn’t it C. isn’t it D. wasn’t it

II.Passive:
1. Form: BE + Vpp ( ed/ 3 )
2. The structures:
Tenses Active Passive
1. Simple present S + V(s/es)
2.Present S + am/is/are +V-ing
continuous
3. Present perfect S + has/have + Vpp
4. Simple past S + Ved/2
5. Past continuous S + was/ were +V-ing
6. Past perfect S + had + Vpp
7. Simple future S + will + V(bare)
8. Modal verbs S + can/could/should/must/may +
(bare)
9. dang nhờ vả S + have + O (person) + V
Have / Get (bare) + O (thing)
S + get + O ( person ) + to V +
O ( thing )
10. bị động đặc biệt S1 +V1 + that + S2 +V2 +
+
 Notes: a. Caùc taân ngöõ : by him, by her,by someone, by them… trong caâu bò ñoäng thöôøng ñöôïc löôïc boû.
b. Traïng töø chæ nôi choán ñöùng tröôùc by+ O. Traïng töø chæ thôøi gian ñöùng sau by + O
 Exercise: Rewrite these sentences in the pasive form:
1. People speak English here.  ........................................................
2. Nguyen Du wrote Kieu’s story.  .....................................................
3. Someone was cleaning the classroom when I came.  ...................................
4. She will send him a gift on his birthday.  .........................................
5. People believe that 13 is an unhappy number.  ......................................
6. This factory is producing more and more pollution.  ................................
7. No one has signed the cheque.  .....................................................
8. The manager had his secretary prepare the report.  .................................
9. I am going to get Harry to repair my car.  .........................................
10. ............................................................................................................................................................................................ They
used to make little boys climb the chimneys to clean them.  ........................
 Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1. This word -------------- wrongly.
A. spells B. is spelt C. is spelling D. is spell
2. The story I’ve just read -------------- Jack London.
A. was written B. was written by C. was written from D. wrote by
3. I’m going to go out and -------------- .
A. have cut my hair B. have my hair cut C. my hair be cut D. cut my hair
4. The man died because medical help was not summoned. A doctor should --------------.
A. be have called B. been called C. have been called D. be called
5. Something funny -------------- in class yesterday.
A. happened B. was happened C. happens D. is happened
6. We -------------- by a loud noise during the night.
A. were woken up B. are woken up C. were working up D. woke up
7. Some film stars -------------- difficult to work with.
A. are said be B. are said to be C. say to be D. said to be
8. People say that some Americans are superficially friendly.
A. Some Americans are said as being superficially friendly.
B. Some Americans are said that they are superficially friendly.
C. People are said that some Americans are superficially friendly.
D. Some Americans are said to be superficially friendly.
9. I still can believe it. My bicycle -------------- last night.
A. was stolen B. was stealing C. stolen D . stole
10. John -------------- last week.
A. had his house painted B. had painted his house C. had his father to paint
D. had his house paint
11. It is believed that he is the richest man in the city.
A. He was believed to be the richest man in the city B. He is believed to be the richest
man in the city
C. They believe that he is the richest man in the city. D. B and C are correct
12. I can’t go along here because the road --------------.
A. is preparing B. is prepared C. is being repaired D. repairs
13. “ -------------- about the eight o’clock flight to Chicago?” - “Not
yet”
A. Has been an announcement made B. Has an announcement made
C. Has an announcement been made D. Has been made an announcement
14. Do you get your heating -------------- every year?
A. checking B. check C. be checked D. checked
15. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? I don’t enjoy --------------
at.
A. be laughed B. to be laughed C. laughing D. being laughed
16. Claude Jennings is said -------------- his memory.
A. to have been lost B. to be lost C. to have lost D. to
lost
17. I might watch this programme. It -------------- very funny.
A. supposes to be B. is supposed being C. is supposed to be D. was
supposed be
18. Today, many serious childhood diseases -------------- by early
immunization.
A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented

III.Clauses and phrases:

1. Khi bieán ñoåi töø meänh ñeà sang cuïm danh töø thöôøng gaëp caùc tröôøng hôïp sau:
 Noun + be + adj  The/ (her, his, their ….. ) + Adj + noun
 Pronoun + be +Adj  The/ (her, his, their ….. ) + Noun ( of the adj )
 Pronoun + Verb + (adv)  The/ (her, his, their ….. ) + Adj (of the adv) + Noun ( of the verb)
 Pronoun +Verb + (O)  V-ing ( same Subject)
 There be + Noun  The + Noun
A. Clauses and phrases of reason:
Because/ Since/As + Clause ( S+V )
Because of/ Due to/ Thanks to + Phrase ( N phrase/ V-ing phrase )
B. Clauses and phrases of concession:
Although/ Though/ Even though + Clause ( S+V )
In spite of/ Despite + Phrase ( N phrase/ V-ing phrase )
 Exercise: Rewrite these sentences:
1. He left school because his life was hard.  Because of ..............................
2. John succeeded in his exam because of his hard and mathedical work.
 Because ...........................................................................
3. We didn’t want to go out because of the heavy rain.  Because .......................
4. Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine.
 Despite ..........................................................................
5. In spite of the darkness, they continued to work.  Though ..........................
6. We postponed our trip because the driving conditions were bad.  Because of .........
7. The water in most rivers is unsafe to drink because it is polluted.  Because of ....
8. We all have received the best of everything because of our generous parents.
 Because ...........................................................................
 Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1. The boys were punished -------------- he made many mistakes.
A. in spite of B. because C. even though D. as if
2. -------------- the liberation of women, women can take part in social activities.
A. Because B. Thanks to C. While D. As
3. Despite feeling cold, we kept walking.
A. Although we felt cold, but we kept walking B. Although we felt cold, we
kept walking
C. However cold we felt, but we kept walking D. However we felt cold, we
kept walking
4. She decided to leave her job in the company -------------- she could earn a lot of money
there.
A. because B. although C. despite D. since
5. The children laughed a lot because of the funny story.
A. The children laughed because the story is funny.
B. The children laughed because of the story funny
C. The children laughed because it was funny.
D. The children laughed because the story was funny
6. Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert.
A. Bill arrived late for the concert because he takes a taxi.
B. Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi.
C. In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert.
D. Although Bill took a taxi he can’t come to the concert on time.
7. The flight was delayed -------------- the fog.
A. in spite of B. because of C. though D. since

IV. Clauses and phrases of result:

A. Clause of result:
 S - V + SO + adv/ adj + THAT + S - V
 S - V + SUCH + ( a/ an ) + adj + noun + THAT + S - V
 S - V + SO MANY ( plural countable noun) / + THAT + S - V
SO MUCH ( uncountable noun )
B. Phrase of result:
 S - V + TOO + adj/ adv + ( for some one ) + TO V
 S - V + ENOUGH + noun + ( for some one ) + TO V
Adj/ adv + ENOUGH
 Exercise: Rewrite these sentences:
1. The weather was so bad that all the flights had to be cancelled.  It was such .......
2. The test wasn’t easy enough for them to do.  The test was too ........................
3. The play we saw yesterday was so difficult that we couldn’t finish it an hour.
 We saw such ........................................................................
4. These goods are so expensive that they can’t be sold quickly.  These goods are too ..
5. He studied too badly to pass his exam. ( enough ….to ) ..............................
6. My friend is very strong. He can lift up the table by himself.  My friend is so .....
7. I ate a lot of sandwiches. I felt uneasy. I ate so many .............................
8. Tom is still too young to join the police.  Tom isn’t ...............................
 Exercise: Choose the best answer:
1. She was so busy that she couldn’t answer the phone.
A. She was very busy that she couldn’t answer the phone. B. She was too busy to answer the
phone.
 C. She was too busy not to answer the phone. D. She was very busy so that she could answer
the phone.
2. It was -------------- that we went for a hike in the mountains.
A. so a nice day b. so nice day C. such nice day D. such a nice day
3. There are -------------- in the universe that we can not count them.
A. so much stars B. so many stars C. such stars many D. such stars
much
4. He has -------------- to do that he can’t go to the cinema with us.
A. so much work B. so many work C. such much work D. such a work
5. Faraday’s father was -------------- poor to send him to school.
A. too B. much C. so D. very
6. It is -------------- book that just a few people like it.
A. so an old B. so old C. such old D. such an old
7. He spoke too -------------- for us to understand.
A. quick B. slow C. quickly D. slowly
8. “ She came too late to see off” or we can say:
A. She came so late to see him off. B. She didn’t come early
enough to see him off
C. She came early enough to see him off D. She didn’t come late enough
to see him off
9. Which sentence is correct?
A. It was such a hot tea that I couldn’t drink it. B. It was such hot tea
that I couldn’t drink
C. Tea wasn’t too hot to drink
D. Tea was so hot that I couldn’t drink it
10. “ Nobody could move the piano. It was too heavy.
A. The piano was so heavy that nobody couldn’t move B. The piano was too
heavy to move
C. It was such a heavy piano that nobody could move it D. It was such heavy piano
that nobody could move it

V. Clauses and phrases of purpose:

 Clause: S - V + so that / in order that + S + can/ could/ will/ would + V ( bare –
infinitive)
 Phrase:  Khaúng ñònh: S - V + to/ so as to/ in order to + V(bare-inf.)
S - V + in order for some one to + V(bare-inf.)
 Phuû ñònh: S - V + so as not to/ in order not to + V(bare-inf.)
 Exercise: Rewrite these sentences:
1. We lower the volume of the radio. We don’t want to bother our neighbors. ( clause of
purpose )
 ..............................................................................
2. Please shut the door. I don’t want the dog to go out of the house. ( phrase of purpose )
 ..............................................................................
3. He climbed the tree in order to get a better view. ( clause of purpose )
 ..............................................................................
4. I am going to be very careful so that I won’t have an accident. ( clause of purpose )
 ..............................................................................
5. I wore boots because I didn’t want my feet to get wet. ( phrase of purpose )
 ..............................................................................

 Exercise: Choose the best answer:

1. She locked the door --------------.
A. so that to go to bed B. in order to be disturbed
C. to enter the house D. in order not to be
disturbed
2. The boy always does his homework before class --------------.
A. so as not to be punished by the teacher B. so as to be punished by the teacher
C. so that he will be punished by the teacher D. in order to be punished by the teacher
3. I got up early in order not to be late for school.
A. I got up early so as not to being late for school. B. I got up early so
that I won’t be late for school
 C. I got up early so that I wouldn’t be late for school D. I got up
early for me not to be late for school
4. They whispered. They didn’t want anyone to hear them.
A. They whispered to make anyone hear them. B. They whispered so that no one could hear
them.
C. They whispered so that everyone could hear them. D. They whispered in order not to
hear them.
5. He wore glasses and false beard so that no one could recognize him.
A. He wore glasses and the false beard in order not to recognize him.
B. He wore glasses and the false beard in order to recognize him.
C. He wore glasses and the false beard in order to be recognized.
D. He wore glasses and the false beard in order not to be recognized.
6. I try to learn English well. I want to get a good job.
A. I try to study English well so that I can get a good job.
B. I try to study English well so as I can get a good job.
C. So that I can get a good job, I try to study English well.
D. I try to study English well for me to get a good job.
7. You may put money in a small coin bank --------------.
A. in order to keep it safe B. so as not to keep it safe
C. so that to keep it safe D. to keeping it safe
8. The schoolboys are in a hurry -------------- they will not be for the meeting.
A. so as to B. to C. in order that D. for
9. Which part is not correct in English?
Sound is carried from (A) the eardrum to (B) the nerves so as (C) to we can hear it. (D)
10. He was (A) tired so that (B) he could not (C) continue his (D)
work.

I. Conditional clauses, Wish and if only

A. Conditional Clauses:

Loaïi If – clause Main clause

 Future Possible Present: S + V(s/es) Future: S + Will + V(bare)
  Unreal Condition Past simple: S + Ved/2 Would + V(bare)
 Past Unreal Past perfect: S + Had + Ved/3 Would have + Ved/3
 Notes: a. Unless = If …… not
Ex: If you don’t study hard, you’ll fail the exam.  Unless you study hard