2/10/2019 Homework #06 (phy 112)

Homework #06 (phy 112)

Due: 11:00pm on Friday, February 15, 2019
To understand how points are awarded, read the Grading Policy for this assignment.

Current in an Ionic Solution

Current passes through a solution of sodium chloride. In 1.00 second, 2.68 × 10 16 +

Na ions arrive at the negative electrode
and 3.92 × 10 16 Cl − ions arrive at the positive electrode.

Part A
What is the current passing between the electrodes?

Express your answer in milliamperes to three significant figures.

Hint 1. General considerations on ionic solutions

A conductor may contain various different kinds of moving charged particles with different charges, concentrations,
and drift velocities. For example, in an ionic solution, current can be carried by both positive ions and negative ions;
the total current is found by adding up the currents due to each kind of charged particle present in the solution.

Hint 2. Find the current due to the positive ions

Find the current INa due to the positive sodium ions.

Express your answer in milliamperes to three significant figures.

Hint 1. Definition of current

Recall the definition of current as the net charge flowing through a certain area per unit time. If a net charge
Q flows through an area in time Δt , the current I through the area is

Q
I = .
Δt

ANSWER:

INa = 4.29 mA

ANSWER:

10.6 mA

Correct

Part B
What is the direction of the current in the ionic solution?

Hint 1. Conventional direction of current

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2/10/2019 Homework #06 (phy 112)
Recall that current is defined to move in the direction in which positive charges flow.

ANSWER:

away from the negative electrode

toward the negative electrode

Correct

Resistance and Resistivity

Part A
At the same temperature, two wires made of pure copper have different resistances. The same voltage is applied at the
ends of each wire. The wires may differ in
Check all that apply.

Hint 1. Differences in resistivity

The resistivity of a metallic conductor, such as copper, nearly always increases with increasing temperature.

Hint 2. Resistance of an ohmic conductor

For an ohmic conductor, that is, a conductor such as copper that obeys Ohm's law, the resistance R is proportional
to the length L and inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area A. That is,

L
R=ρ ,
A

where ρ is the resistivity of the material. Note that ρ is a characteristic of the specific material and may vary with
temperature.

Hint 3. Ohm's law

Ohm's law tells us that the potential difference V between the ends of a conductor is equal to the product of the
current I through the conductor and the conductor's resistance R,

V = IR .

ANSWER:

length.

cross-sectional area.

resistivity.

amount of electric current passing through them.

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2/10/2019 Homework #06 (phy 112)

Correct

Power Dissipation in Resistive Circuit Conceptual Question

A single resistor is wired to a battery as shown in the diagram below.

Define the total power dissipated by this circuit as P0 .

Now, a second identical resistor is wired in series with the first resistor as shown in the second diagram to the left .

Part A
What is the power, in terms of P0 , dissipated by this circuit?

Express your answer in terms of P0 .

Hint 1. How to find the power dissipated by a circuit

The power dissipated by a circuit (or by an element in a circuit) is defined by the relation
P = IV .

If the circuit consists of resistors, we can combine this relation with Ohm's law,

V = IR ,
to yield two alternate versions of the power formula:
2
P = I R

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2/10/2019 Homework #06 (phy 112)
and
2
V
P = .
R
Because several circuit parameters can be changing simultaneously, it is easiest to use the formula in which only
one of the terms is changing for your situation. This makes it much easier to determine the power dissipated in a
resistive circuit.

Hint 2. Effect of adding a resistor in series

Adding a resistor in series affects both the total resistance and total current in a circuit. Combining an understanding
of these changes with the appropriate version of the power formula should allow you to answer this question.

ANSWER:

0.5P 0

Correct

The second resistor is now removed from the circuit and rewired in parallel with the original resistor as shown in the schematic to
the left

Part B
What is the power, in terms of P0 , dissipated by this circuit?

Express your answer in terms of P0 .

Hint 1. How to find the power dissipated by a circuit

The power dissipated by a circuit (or by an element in a circuit) is defined by the relation
P = IV .

If the circuit consists of resistors, we can combine this relation with Ohm's law,

V = IR ,
to yield two alternate versions of the power formula:

2
P = I R
and
2
V
P = .
R

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2/10/2019 Homework #06 (phy 112)
Because several circuit parameters can be changing simultaneously, it is easiest to use the formula in which only
one of the terms is changing for your situation. This makes it much easier to determine the power dissipated in a
resistive circuit.

Hint 2. Effect of adding a resistor in parallel

Adding a resistor in parallel affects both the total resistance and current in a circuit. Combining an understanding of
these changes with the appropriate version of the power formula should allow you to answer this question.

ANSWER:

2P 0

Correct

A Stretchable Resistor

A wire of length L and cross-sectional area A has resistance R.

Part A
What will be the resistance Rstretched of the wire if it is stretched to twice its original length? Assume that the density and
resistivity of the material do not change when the wire is stretched.
Express your answer in terms of the wire's original resistance R.

Hint 1. Formula for the resistance of a wire

The resistance R of a wire with resistivity ρ, length L, and cross-sectional area A is given by

ρL
R= .
A

Which of the quantities on the right-hand side of the equation change when the wire is stretched?

Hint 2. Find the cross-sectional area of the stretched wire

Let Astretched be the new cross-sectional area of the wire. The density of the wire is unchanged upon stretching.
Also, the mass of the wire cannot have changed upon stretching. Therefore, the new volume of the wire must be the
same as the old volume. Use the above information and the fact that the stretched length of the wire is 2L to find
A stretched .

Express your answer in terms of A.

Hint 1. Formula for the volume of a cylinder

The wire can be treated as a cylinder. The volume V of this cylinder is given by

V = Old Area × Old length = New Area × New length

ANSWER:

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2/10/2019 Homework #06 (phy 112)

A
A stretched =
2

ANSWER:

Rstretched = 4R

Correct

Dependence of Resistance on Resistor Dimensions Ranking Task

The rectangular block below has front-face dimensions of 10 cm by 4 cm, with a depth of 3 cm. You will be asked to treat this
object as an electrical resistor.

Part A
Rank the block based on its electrical resistance along the three illustrated coordinate directions (x, y, and z).

Rank from largest to smallest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

Hint 1. Dependence of resistance on dimensions of resistor

The electrical resistance R of an object depends on both the length L of the object along the direction the current
flows and the area A perpendicular to this length. The resistance is directly proportional to the length; thus an object
twice as long will have twice the resistance. In addition, the resistance is inversely proportional to the area
perpendicular to the length, the cross-sectional area. This implies that an object with twice the cross-sectional area
will have one-half the resistance. Mathematically, with ρ a constant that depends on the material from which the
object is made,

L
R=ρ .
A
To rank the resistances, focus on two directions at a time. Which direction gives the greatest L? Which direction
gives the smallest A? From these you can determine which has the greatest R.

ANSWER:

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Reset Help

largest smallest

y z x

The correct ranking cannot be determined.

Correct

Part B
If all of the dimensions of the block double (to become 20 cm wide, 8 cm tall, and 6 cm deep), what happens to the
resistance along each axis?

Hint 1. Dependence of resistance on dimensions of resistor

The electrical resistance R of an object depends on both the length L of the object along the direction the current
flows and the area A perpendicular to this length. The resistance is directly proportional to the length; thus an object
twice as long will have twice the resistance. In addition, the resistance is inversely proportional to the area
perpendicular to the length, the cross-sectional area. This implies that an object with twice the cross-sectional area
will have one-half the resistance. Mathematically, with ρ a constant that depends on the material from which the
object is made,

L
R=ρ .
A
In the current problem, all of the dimensions are being doubled. How would this affect A and L? Put these effects
together to determine the net effect on the resistance.

ANSWER:

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2/10/2019 Homework #06 (phy 112)

The resistance quadruples.

The resistance doubles.

The resistance stays the same.

The resistance is halved.

The resistance is quartered.

Correct

Problem 19.32: Treatment of heart failure.

A heart defibrillator is used to enable the heart to start beating if it has stopped. This is done by passing a large current of 12 A
through the body at 21 V for a very short time, usually about 3.3 ms .

Part A
What power does the defibrillator deliver to the body?
Express your answer using two significant figures.

ANSWER:

P = 250 W

Correct

Part B
How much energy is transferred?

Express your answer using two significant figures.

ANSWER:

E = 0.83 J

Correct

Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 99.7%.
You received 18.94 out of a possible total of 19 points.

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