3/22/2019 Ephemeral fever

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About the disease

Ephemeral fever
Symptoms
   About the Diseases
Management Methods
    Causes
It is an arthropod transmitted viral disease of cattle and buffaloes.
Among the cattle age group ranging from 6 months to2 years are more susceptible.
The virus belonging to rhabdo virus group.

   Mode of Transmission  
The disease is transmitted by sand fly.
Mosquitoes like culex, culicoides have been suggested as a disease transmitter.
Transmission does not occur by direct contact from animal to animal or via their discharges.
Outbreak generally used to occur in summer season.
The virus spread rapidly by wind and spread of the virus over three thousand miles within 5 months period has been
reported.
After infection the virus is found in the blood of cattle in about 5 days. The insects pick up the virus from the blood.
Even 0.002 ml of blood may produce disease in susceptible hosts.
The viruses never exist in the recovered animals and it is suggested that some fauna may be responsible for carryover
of the virus from season to season.
The disease can be transmitted by injection of whole blood.

   Symptoms
    Clinical symptoms
The disease is preceded by a sharp rise of temperature ranging between 103-107˙F or more.
There is shivering and muscle trembling.
The affected cattle decline to move and if forced to move, they move with great difficulty with arched back condition.
There is marked anorexia and appreciable reduction in milk yield.
Salivation, nasal secretion and lacrymation are noticed.
Muscle of the affected limb becomes stiff, hard and painful.
The animal shows lameness to acute laminitis.
 Severely affected cattle may lie down with extended rigid hind limbs.
Lameness may shift from one leg to other within few hours.
The recumbent animals will also show suspended rumination, grinding of the teeth and signs of groaning.

   Management Methods
     Control measures  
Vector control is the important key to curb down this disease propagation.
At present no commercial vaccine is available.

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