Documenti di Didattica
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Project in Adama City Administration of Oromia Region and Mekelle City Administration
of Tigray Region
February 2019
Addis Ababa
General Context
Green energy is all the sorts of energy that is an outcome of the exploitation of the natural
resources of the environment such as the sun power, the wind power, the sea power, biomass and
geothermal energy. “Green jobs” can be defined as jobs in businesses that produce goods or
provide services that benefit the environment or conserve natural resources. Green goods and
services fall into one or more of five groups: energy from renewable sources, energy efficiency,
pollution reduction and removal, natural resources conservation, and environmental compliance,
training, and public awareness. The development of renewable energy charges is going to have
an impact on the diminution of carbon dioxide emissions that leads to the greenhouse effect on
the first place and in time it is going to create new employment, since this renewable energy
trend will lead to the creation of new companies that would either produce products such as wind
turbines, photovoltaic panels etc. or provide services. Another field that is going to be favoured
is the technical industries that are going to hire engineers and other personnel for the system
design, the installation and maintenance. Thirdly, companies that are going to supply spare parts
of these systems will be also kept quite busy.
Even though the main purpose for the stimulus of the implementation of Renewable Energy has
been to reduce the environmental impacts of energy consumption, renewables provide many
other benefits in the social and economic fields. Among other socioeconomic impacts such as
energy security, economic growth, territorial cohesion, it is the employment generation which
seems to gather most of the interest from various stakeholders.
In order to achieve the national Green Growth Strategy, skills demands of the respective sectors
have to be analyzed, and green skills have to be trained either in an integrated way through
additional modules or in specialized occupations. Vocational colleges (particularly the centers of
excellence for TVET) can become role models for eco-friendliness and play an active role in
awareness- raising campaigns (e.g. in communities and small and medium-sized enterprises -
SMEs).
Training in Renewable Energy has quickly increased over the past few years. However,
employers still face difficulties finding qualified people to fill some jobs opening. Besides,
several former projects mainly focused on only a short term training of trainers implemented by
teaching methodologies and some disciplines such as carpentry, tailoring, and electrical
installation.
Therefore, Vocational Education and Training (VET) can be a good response to the skill gaps,
since it would help workers coming from other fields to specialize in the sector, building on
skills they already acquired from previous experience.
The importance of developing human resources for sustainable development through technical
and vocational education and training is undisputed. Education in general and TVET in particular
are ascribed a significant role in this transformation process towards sustainable development.
It’s the skilled workforce who deals with energy and resources at their workplaces efficiently and
prevents environmental risks and damages - or not. It’s also the skilled workforce who is needed
in order to manufacture or apply environmentally friendly technologies properly. On the other
hand, shortages in skilled labor could hinder the transition to a green economy.
It should not only provide adequate basic, transversal, and vocational skills that fit the needs of
employers, but also equip learners to engage in Long Life Learning (LLL), and to manage
transitions from education to employment as well as from one job to another or from
unemployment to employment.
Project background
ADRA-Ethiopia have designed a project entitled ‘Improving livelihoods and creation of
employment opportunities for disadvantaged young people in the regions of Oromia and Tigray
through integration of innovative green energy vocational training within the existing TVET
institutions-Green Energy TVET project’ to support the government effort in the TVET sector
focusing on youth job creation in the renewable energy sector.
The overall objective of this BMZ [Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and
Development] funded ‘Green Energy TVET Project’ is to support the establishment of technical
and vocational education and training in the field of renewable energy, thereby facilitating
employment promotion of young people in Oromia and Tigray regions.
This project has a huge potential regarding meeting the goals of the Green Economy Strategy of
the country at large and the youth unemployment in particular. The growing renewable energy
sector needs skilled workers to create new occupations and jobs. However, the required TVET
for this sector does not really exist and concerted efforts are required, so that vocational training
institutes under this project are able to extend their offer in employable green skills in order to
meet green jobs requirements from the labor market. The project will make a concerted effort to
address the issues in the triangle of youth unemployment, TVET and renewable energy.
The project’s objective is improving livelihoods and creation of employment opportunities for
disadvantaged young people in the regions of Oromia and Tigray through integration of
innovative green energy vocational training within the existing TVET institutions thereby
contributing to employment promotion in line with localized SDG 8.
The total project target beneficiaries are 2,200 unemployed and unskilled youth, of which 30%
are girls\women. The project aims to impart training at the level of 3-6 months training and also
at the TVET level I-V. Upon completion of skills training, the project will ensure 80%
employment of Green Energy TVET graduates.
Objectives of the survey
The labor market analysis study has the following set of specific objectives.
1. To identify what type of jobs are available in the market that can be filled by future Green
Energy TVET graduates, with a special focus on highly demanded skills.
2.To provide an authoritative overview of current labour market trends\demands and snapshots
of Green Energy businesses ‘opinions on training and strategic skill needs as well as an overall
assessment of economic, social and technical drivers of green energy market growth.
3. To provide detailed information, recommendations for the training modality.
4. To provide inputs that will help the preparation and development of the occupational standard.
5. An assessment of immediate priority green energy skills needs in the priority economic sectors
categorized in to skill types and levels.
6. To assess the capacity of public and private TVET service providers in relation to the
provision of identified market-demanded green energy courses.
7. Identification of other economically significant green energy sectors where skills deficiencies
might constrain future employment and economic growth.
7. To identify factors that will strengthen the relationship between Green Energy TVET
providers and the private sector
Geographic scope
The geographical locations of the study are Adama City Administration of Oromia Region and
Mekele City Administration of Tigray Region and their adjacent areas [at least three major
surrounding big cities in each region].
Scope of Work
The study is expected to identify employment opportunities [wage labor and \or self-employment]
in both formal and informal sectors\enterprises in the area of Green Energy [installation,
maintenance, repair and sales of renewable energy technologies, e.g. solar, wind, biogas, energy
efficient stoves, etc.].
Expectation from the study
Findings from the market survey should support to identify the most important Green
Energy jobs that government\enterprises wish to recruit staff and \ or to train for their
current employees as well as their current policy and working environment toward a decent
working environment in the area of renewable energy
The study is expected to identify partnership opportunities with private sector actors who
can provide quality internship or on-the-job training including employment opportunities for
the Green Energy TVET students\graduates
The study is expected to get different private companies’ analysis and company profiles
including level of education, skills and employment\job preference for each category of job
profile, from the job market and employer’s perspectives
Findings from the study will further help to identify the gaps in existing technical vocational
training courses and job placement for youth in Oromia and Tigray, as well as to identify
future trends
The results from the survey will feed to guide the development of the curriculum of the job-
oriented vocational training programme
The study result is also expected to show the real job market need or gaps on the Renewable
Energy TVET program and should recommend the education and training modalities in
relation to the identified gaps. The federal and regional TVET Agencies should be deeply
involved in the whole process of the study.
The result of the survey is expected to become a basis for development of relevant provision
of market-demanded green energy skills training.
Study Methodology
The consultant decided not to apply traditional labor market assessment which is based on
detailed occupational mapping. Thus, adapted a methodology developed for the World Bank that
was designed to conduct a rapid assessment with limited resources by working backwards from
market demand. The consultant has been informed from deep investigation of the terms of
reference that the project is unique in character with its adoption of EBTVET or apprenticeship
approach with an effort to directly link trainings to employment
The following steps will be undertaken to realize this methodology.
1. Economic Context:
The consultant examines which sectors currently absorb labor and which are likely to see
increases in employment in the future using strategies like data dashboard, sector selection,
product/service space analysis, and value chain mapping.
2. Mapping of Stakeholders and workforce development programs:
The consultant continues to conduct mapping of stakeholders and workforce development
programs which provides an overview of workforce development programs supported by the
government and development partners and maps workforce development stakeholders in the
locality/region and how they interact. This disentangles workforce system in the area including
key stakeholders from the public and private sectors, education system, and youth and civil
society organizations.
3. Demand focused Analysis: Sector Selection and Value Chain Mapping
3.1. Sector Selection:
Select green energy sectors likely to generate jobs in the near future through a three-stage
process consisting of sector identification, triage and assessment in which the consultant
evaluates sector growth, performance and implications for employment. Then the consultant
develops a customized scoring matrix used to rank green energy sectors (criteria include past
performance, likely future performance, geographic relevance and potential impact of green
energy TVET education on the sector). This provides a ranked list of green energy sectors likely
to generate employment growth, creating a roadmap for final sector selection.
The consultant then proceeds to undertake employment & green energy sector analysis of labor
demand which includes a review of economic drivers shaping employment opportunities in the
target area. Based on this analysis, it presents a shortlist of green energy sectors that have the
highest assessed potential for generating employment (including entrepreneurship and in micro,
small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs as per the sector selection criteria.
Key deliverables
The consultant is expected to provide the following outputs as deliverables.
Inception report which details the whole methodology grid with the main research methods,
sampling framework, sources of data, procedures for data collection and analysis, and draft
table of contents for the study report which is further reviewed and refined by ADRA
technical staff.
Draft report incorporating findings, SWOT analysis, suggestions and recommendations from
the reference group
Final study report both in ppt and doc.
Power point presentation to ADRA-Ethiopia and relevant stakeholders for validation
Study instruments\tools
Labor market study dataset in raw and cleaned form in SPSS sheet
Structure of the report
As stipulated in the terms of reference, the final labor market analysis report will contain the
following.
Executive summary presenting the major findings and recommendations
A short description of the methodology used
A short description of the study context and process including its constraints and challenges
Detailed findings of the study
Analysis of the findings
Conclusions and recommendations for ADRA and other users
Stylized and concise Management Response [added by the consultant]
Programme Impact Pathways [added by the consultant]
Annexes of ToR for the assessment, key questions for assessments, methodology grid and
questionnaires and list of reference documents
Work schedule
The consultant proposed the following time periods and expected level of effort to accomplish
the assignment.
S\N Activity No. of days Delivery
1 Inception report with tools, key contacts 5 Approved inception report
and sampling strategy
2 Briefing and assign responsibility at 1 Well-informed survey team
consultant office [tools, objectives,
ethical guidelines and expectations]
3 Logistical preparation both at consultant 1
and ADRA-Ethiopia
4 Deployment of survey researchers for 10 Raw Data collected,
field-work who can perfectly command
local language and culture plus good
exposure to the target cities
5 Stakeholders restitution meetings for Stakeholders\respondents
confirmatory or review of results at consensus on the survey results
Adama and Mekele cities
6 Debriefing of the survey with ADRA- 1 Consensus on survey results
Ethiopia head office
7 Data entry and cleaning to SPSS 3 cleaned and collated in
appropriate software application
package, SPSS
8 Data analysis and report write-up 10 First draft report
9 Final report [incorporating comments] 2 Final report
10 Total number of days
33 days
Survey administration and team composition
The consultant will use two reference groups. The survey team will be mainly engaged on key
informant interview and transect physical observations, and regional\local level Delphi surveys.
For this component, two highly experienced and who can command local languages will be
deployed to Mekele cluster, and two researchers of same manner will be deployed to Adama
cluster. The field survey teams are all equipped with personal laptops installed with SPSS
software. The consultant firm will again assign two high level researchers to undertake data
dashboard and desktop reviews and partially manage national level Delphi surveys.