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Unlike other cells, neurons do not regenerate or reproduce and are not replaced once
dead. However, humans are born with so many neurons, 100 billion neurons in the brain alone.
These neurons came from a process called neurogenesis which occurs in some parts of the
brain after birth. (Khan Academy, n.d.)
Functions of Neurons
Neurons’ basic functions are to receive signals or information, process the information
then send said information forward to other cells like other neurons, muscle, or glands.
However, the functions of neurons will vary depending on their types.
Types of Neurons
● Sensory neurons
○ Sensory neurons get information from inside and outside of the body and
transmit those signals to the central nervous system for processing. Signals
could be information about taste, smell, sound, sight, or contact with the
environment through touch.
● Motor neurons
○ Motor neurons receive signals and move the muscles, organs and glands to
react.
● Interneurons
○ Interneurons process information and send to other neurons. Interneurons are
only found in the CNS and the connects neurons together. (Khan Academy, n.d.)
SHAPE of Neurons
● Epilepsy
○ Epilepsy causes seizure due to abnormal electrical discharges from the brain.
○ Treatments:
■ A way to treat epilepsy is to take supplementary vitamins like Magnesium,
Vitamin B-6 and Vitamin E.
■ Another way is to change the patient’s diet to a ketogenic diet which is a
diet mainly consisting of fats. (Debra Rose Wilson, 2014)
● Parkinson’s disease
○ Parkinson’s disease is a long-term degenerative disease that affects CNS. This
causes the body to have difficulty moving. (Rogers, 2012)
○ Treatments:
■ Doctors can prescribe medications like Levodopa and Dopamine Agonists
for patients for a better living.
■ Another way to treat Parkinson’s disease is to have surgery on the deep
brain structures involved in the body’s motion. (American Association of
Neurological Surgeons, n.d.)
● Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
○ Weakens the muscles and hampers physical functions.
○ Treatments:
■ Doctors can prescribe medications like Riluzole (Rilutek) or Edaravone
(Radicava) for patients to reduce the levels of a chemical messenger in
the brain (which are often very common in people with more severe ALS.
■ Doctors can also prescribe medications to help with other symptoms like
■ muscle cramps or spasms, fatigue, pain, etc. (Michelle Clarke, 2018)
References
https://www.aans.org/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Parkinsons-Disea
se
CK-12 Foundation. (2017, June 16). Variation in Cells. Retrieved February 13, 2019, from
https://www.ck12.org/biology/variation-in-cells/lesson/Cell-Size-and-Shape-Advanced-BIO-
ADV/
Debra Rose Wilson. (2014, July 10). 5 Natural Treatments for Epilepsy. Retrieved February 12,
Han, S. (2018, July 20). What Is a Neuron? Function, Parts, Structure, Types, and More.
Khan Academy. (n.d.). Overview of neuron structure and function. Retrieved February 12, 2019,
from
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/human-biology/neuron-nervous-system/a/ov
erview-of-neuron-structure-and-function
Michelle Clarke, M. D. J. W. S. (2018, July 17). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) - Diagnosis
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/diagnosis-trea
tment/drc-20354027
Rogers, G. (2012, May 30). Managing the Side Effects of Parkinson’s Disease. Retrieved
The University of Texas Medical School at Houston. Retrieved February 13, 2019, from
https://nba.uth.tmc.edu/neuroscience/m/s1/chapter08.html