Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
WEDNESDAY,
JUNE 27,
2018
D
(USPS 060-080) Published semiweekly for $54.60 per
AVE
year locally (see box at bottom of page) by Bolivar
Herald-Free Press. “... and you will know the
335 S. Springfield Ave., P.O. Box 330 truth, and the truth will
If only …
Bolivar, Missouri 65613-0330 make you free.” -John 8:32
Printed in
Missouri Telephone (417) 326-7636
by Periodicals postage paid at Bolivar, MO Dave Berry, publisher
Jessica Franklin Maull, editor
BERRY
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to
(417) 864-0932 P.O. Box 330, Bolivar, Mo. 65613-0330
O
nly a few souls took year. If only his efforts could
S
outhwest Baptist University in Bolivar have been one not explicitly spoken: We are all to meet and hear four of the review.
was the scene Saturday of an uncommon on the same side. men — two Republicans and The things he advocated in
display of bipartisan commonality. Though unuttered, that message was two Democrats — tr ying to his futile campaign for presi-
Four District 7 Congressional primar y communicated clearly in body language and unseat Congressman Billy dent of student government
candidates — two from each side of the aisle respect. One by one, each of the four stood Long. back in the day
— came together, more than just literally, to to take his turn while the others seemed to Hats off to those have mostly come
jointly host a candidate forum focused on rural embody the message displayed on the podium dedicated few at- to fruition — such
and agricultural issues. — “Act with civility,” an all too rare mantra in tendees. And no hard as parking garages
Bolivar was just one stop in a series of today’s political arenas. feelings — at least in favor of endless
forums the four, along with two other bal- The trio who remained seated did more than not many — to those parking lots.
lotmates, have been taking across the district just wait their turns. They seemed to genuinely who made other use Hearing the
over the past few months. listen with respect. There was no eye rolling, of a beautiful week- comments of all
Their unity is, of course, based first and fore- no snorting or guffawing, no zoning out. And end afternoon, some four improbable
most in a shared mission to oust Republican no interrupting. perhaps understand- winners Saturday,
incumbent Congressman Billy Long. Some may argue their joint effort is in vain, ing the unfortunate got me to thinking
But their common threads do not end there. theirs a hopeless cause against a well dug-in futility and others just Dave Berry is about how little
not giving two hoots publisher of the effective govern-
In fact, their respective platforms as voiced incumbent.
or understanding in Herald-Free Press. ment might cost us
Saturday seem more similar than different: But it’s hard to see as truly futile any suc-
bipartisanship is critical, agriculture should be cessful attempt to bring us all together, if only the slightest who is in the long run if
a priority, rural Missourians need change. for two hours, on common ground. running for whatever office. only —
And the loudest shared message of all may — Jessica Franklin Maull If only it were not so futile, • we tripled the pay of all
regardless of credentials. members of congress and all
If only congressional elec- state legislatures
tions here — and so many • forbade them, by law, to
other places — were not so ever take any money — not
automatic until an occupant even just one dollar — from
decides to retire from the any individual or organization
post and open the gates. for the cause of ser ving in
It’s so automatic here that public office, and
the incumbent hasn’t chosen • mandated that all of their
to participate in any of these campaign expenditures had
bipartisan civility roadshow to come from evenly distrib-
forums, or anything like them uted public funds.
for the longest time. Freeing lawmakers to actu-
And he will again suffer ally work for their constitu-
nothing at the polls for avoid- encies for meaningful pay
ing any risk. instead of the organizations
Hats off as well to Virgil that buy their allegiance with
Hill, a contemporar y of mine millions of dollars, the above
in the mid 1970s at what is would be a serious variation
now Missouri State Univer- of what the late Max Roweton
sity. He has spearheaded the once told then-State Repre-
civility tour, the latest of his sentative Ken Legan before
many examples of civic and the latter headed off to a ses-
political involvement in the sion in Jefferson City:
region over the past 45 years. “Go up there, vote to
He even sought public office double your (all lawmakers’)
a few times. pay, and then come home to
Virgil, it seems, is a stay,” Max said (or something
modern-day Don Quixote quite similar and only half
who tilts at windmills despite kidding). “We’ll save money.”
all odds, year after year after If only.
J
H.B. 1606
ESSICA
FRANKLIN MAULL
The information H
divide
ouse Bill 1606 now lays on Gov. Michael Parson’s desk
waiting for his action.
I love our governor, pray for him and have great confidence
in him, but he needs to hear from you.
H.B. 1606 started as a one-and-a-half page bill dealing with
GED Education in Missouri. It ended up a 39 page monster!
It requires a host of things for school districts to comply to
Pew Research Center report released between fact and opinion. While the BH-FP
as well as modifying our state’s abstinence sex education to
last week shines a light on an arena has historically been careful to separate
require teaching of “consent” of sex. Thus, it will undermine
in which Americans find ourselves opinion from “news” — the top of this page
the good of our present sex education.
A
D
A keen
AVE
(USPS 060-080) Published semiweekly for $54.60 per year
locally (see box at bottom of page) by Bolivar Herald-Free
Press. “... and you will know the
335 S. Springfield Ave., P.O. Box 330 truth, and the truth will
Printed in
Missouri
by
Bolivar, Missouri 65613-0330
Telephone (417) 326-7636
make you free.” -John 8:32
H
(417) 864-0932 POSTMASTER: Send address changes to
P.O. Box 330, Bolivar, Mo. 65613-0330 ow is it that someone preparing for the next day’s
can move to a com- sale.
munity and immedi- The Iowa transplant didn’t
150 years of thanks ately exhibit more care and
concern for its wellbeing
just talk about service. He
walked it. Those in Rotary
D
one and done. values connecting with its local past and that than many others who have know, because he became
The Bolivar Herald-Free Press’ first realizes doing so helps build in us all a sense lived there much longer? the self-appointed caretaker
150 years have been officially relegated of pride and of belonging. And that when we Especially considering the of John Playter Rotary Park
to the annals of histor y. understand who we are and where we come number of people that few of us
That isn’t exactly bad news. As enlightening from, we are more actively invested in what who perhaps move realized we needed
as we’ve found delving into our newspaper’s we become. “away” more than before he did it.
and community’s histor y to be, we agree it is • Thank you for joining in the milestone they move “to,” He would be
time to move on. (We know it beggars belief, celebration Friday (despite the scorch) and because they there every morn-
but even Dave Berr y, who has on more than for helping keep the focus where it should be: want to escape the ing with spray
one occasion been heard saying it was his on the good of the community. Your generos- burden of caring bottle and rags in
150th birthday, is included in that “we.”) ity raised $700 for Care to Learn and Keeling and participating hand to clean the
And we have a sneaking suspicion that you, Foundation for Kids. in a community’s monuments of
dear readers, likely driven half mad by our • Thank you — and we say this not just as betterment. bird droppings. He
incessant promotion of the milestone, will also BH-FP staffers, but as fellow community mem- “Let someone Dave Berry is would pick up litter.
concur. bers — for being a community that supports else care now,” publisher of the If visitors were not
But as the BH-FP officially steps into its and reads your local newspaper. someone in the Herald-Free Press. already showing
next 150 years, we want to take one more look • Thank you for your commitment to being latter category respect, he would
back — bear with us here — to thank you. informed and engaged citizens and for seeing might say, even justifiably help them understand why
So here’s 150 years of thanks from us to the value in community journalism. so. “I’ve done my share long they should.
you: • Thank you for the good news you create, enough.” If a work day was called for
• Thank you for taking this journey back in the inspiring stories you live. Our community this week club members while the park
time with us and for sharing with us your own • And thank you for allowing us for the past is losing someone from the was being built, and after,
perspectives, the impact this paper has had on 150 years — and for the next 150 — to be a former camp. In fact, we Karl would likely be there,
you and yours across the generations. part of those stories. lost Karl Keenan as a com- despite not being a member.
• Thank you for being a community that — Jessica Franklin Maull munity servant months ago We eventually made him an
when his health got in the honorary member.
way of his habit of “adding.” He deserved so much
Now, it’s his health making more. In fact, he deserved
it necessary for him, along the Bolivar Civic Service
with wife Donna, to move Award. His volunteer service
to Louisiana to be close to included the genealogi-
family. cal society and other good
Their home and many causes. He took an interest
other belongings were sold in city government. He paid
at auction Saturday, and they KEENan attention to his
are leaving town this Friday. adopted community.
“Everywhere we have Karl, without a doubt,
lived I have believed that if added to this community.
you are not adding some- Enough so that his departure
thing then you are a prob- can’t possibly subtract all that
lem,” he told me emphati- he gave us, even though he
cally Friday as worker bees will be missed more than he
were all about the house can know.
JI
Shadow of
ESSICA
FRANKLIN MAULL
the Flying
Tiger
n the 22 months I’ve been name stuck.
part of the BH-FP staff, In my early years, I took it
JI
I’ve on many occasions rather literally.
ILL
stumbled upon some bit Oh, once I learned to
or bob tucked away in our dribble, how I waited, ball
M
In 1912, Horner estab- Leader and Press, which he’ll tell me if I’m wrong.
lished the Redpath-Horner had been a staunch sup- •••
Ozarks Chautauquas, and Mis- porter of Chautauquas, Happy Father’s Day to the Poppo and to all
oments souri, which had become a had changed its tune. Un- dads out there, biological and otherwise, who
By Paul Johns hotbed for the assemblies, der the headline, “Chau- have allowed us the honor of growing up in your
became part of his terri- tauqua May Go” was a lead shadows.
tory. With so many being sentence that read, “Lame
held throughout the sum- duck politicians and silver
mer months, crews in Mis- tongued orators with a
One opportunity pro- souri had to be the best ‘message’ are facing the
sembly each year. It was
vided to Missouri resi- and most efficient. loss of a means of liveli-
provided by Associated
dents by the popularity of A crew in Missouri be- hood because the radio
Chautauquas, which had
the circuit Chautauquas came legendary when a and the automobile have
been founded by Chautau-
was the demand for talent tent holding 1,800 spec- about put the Chautauqua
qua pioneer Frederick W.
to provide the entertain- tators emptied after the out of business.”
Bartell, of Siloam Springs,
ment. According to the old night’s performance at Entertainment for free
Arkansas.
newspapers, there were 10:10 p.m. The tent, which via the radio definitely
In 1910, trouble struck
a number of people from was 134 feet long and 98 cut into the attendance
Bartell when the Bank
Springfield who filled that feet wide was dismantled of Chautauquas. Moving
of Siloam Springs failed.
need for talent. (along with all the equip- pictures were also draw-
With its failure, all the de-
Eleanor Ricketts, con- ment), hauled a mile and a ing crowds away from the
posits from Bartell’s Asso-
tralto singer and a sister half and loaded onto a train assemblies. As that 1925
ciated Chautauquas were
of the president of Spring- before midnight. article said it, “The movies
lost. Bartell had to file for
field Seed Company, was The number of Chau- may not be quite as elevat-
bankruptcy and his busi-
one such person. In 1916, tauquas in the U.S. as a ing as some inspired lec-
ness was no more.
she signed a contract with whole, according to one turer, but human nature is
As a result, Springfield
Redpath Chautauqua for a source, peaked in the sum- that perverse that it would
ended up with no Chau-
10-week long tour. mer of 1915, with 12,000 rather watch Charlie Chap-
tauqua for the summer
Enola Handley, a teach- communities holding an lin get slammed in the face
of 1911. An article in the
er of music at Southwest assembly. with a custard pie than lis-
Springfield News-Leader
Missouri Teachers Col- One of the operating ten to somebody’s theory
from June 25, 1911, report-
lege, began spending her procedures of the circuit of how to save the nation.”
ed that Springfield citizens
summers on tour with Chautauquas was to have The fact that crowds of
were hoping that President
Chautauqua circuits in the businessmen of the people were about to take
Carrington, of the Spring-
1919, and did so for at least town guarantee that they vacations by automobile in
field State Normal School,
a decade. Realizing the would sell enough tickets the summer also cut into
would allow the school to
to pay for the assembly. the Chautauqua crowds.
opportunities for her stu-
dents, she began preparing
them for performances on
play host to the next year’s
Chautauqua.
That did not happen,
This was guaranteed by
the business owners pur-
In 1924, the residents
of Garden City voted to
Singers needed for
the Chautauqua platform
and introducing them to
however, because the
Chautauqua was held at
chasing the tickets and
then selling them to specta-
tors. When the popularity
eliminate the Chautauqua
for 1925 “because of the
response for funds.” The
July 4 performance
the people who could hire the Jefferson Theater in Bolivar area singers choir room. Participants
them. of Chautauquas declined assemblies had beeen held
1912 — even though it are encouraged to join a should use the north en-
By 1925, she had placed and the tickets became dif- in that town for the past 13
could not accommodate community choir for the trance on Locust Street.
eight of her students on ficult or impossible to sell, years.
the crowds that the big Bolivar Rotary Club’s July The final rehearsal
the circuits. One of those the end was near. Although there were
Chautauqua tent had held. 4 Celebration of Freedom will be at the SBU music
was Ruth Scott of Sequiota Billings, which hosted 21 companies operating
Although the Chautau- on Southwest Baptist Uni- building at 5:30 p.m. on
Park, who began appear- a series of well-attended circuits in 1920, the death
qua was an annual feature versity’s campus. July 4, the day of the per-
ing on the circuit at 17 as a street fairs during the early knell for Chautauquas was
of many communities, the High school students formance.
violinist. Another was Lor- years of the 1900s, appar- heard in the 1929 with the
decline for this unusual and adults who sing Morgan DeClue will
raine Welhener, who also ently attempted to hold a advent of the Great De-
form of entertainment are welcome to attend direct the choir, and Me-
began her Chautauqua Chautauqua in 1920 that pression. The last circuit
began in the 1920s. The rehearsals at 8:15 p.m. linda Smashey will be the
career at 17 playing the xy- never came to fruition. An Chautauqua system folded
Ellison-White Chautau- Wednesday, June 20, and accompanist. For more
lophone and signing for a article in the Springfield in 1932, and the tent Chau-
qua held the company’s Wednesday, June 27, in information, call Dan Ad-
17-week tour. Still another News-Leader on Nov. 4 of tauqua was no more.
all-time high number of the First Baptist Church kison at 761-2501.
was Frieda West, a violinist that year disclosed a law
assemblies in 1920 with
who signed with the Stan- suit filed by the Redpath-
more than 1,000. Still, the
dard Chautauqua system Horner Chautauqua cir-
handwriting was on the
for a 20-week tour. cuit against several Bill-
tent wall, so to speak.
With so many Chautau- ings businessmen.
When Keith Vawter
quas being held in Mis- Apparently, they had
bought a 1/3 interest in the
souri, there were bound to signed a contract with Red-
Redpath Lyceum Bureau
be some hitches along the path-Horner to “furnish
in 1901 — and started the
way. One such occurred the necessary accommo-
Chautauqua circuits with
in Springfield. From 1905- dations for the Chautau-
Charles Horner in 1904,
1910, the Springfield qua,” but they “did not fill
creating the Redpath-Vaw-
Chautauqua was a pres- their part of the contract.”
ter Chautauquas — the
tigious, well-attended as- By 1925, the Springfield
concept blossomed.
530727b
4A COMMENTARY
A forum for opinions about the
place and time in which we live.
Your signed letters to the editor
WEDNESDAY,
MAY 2, 2018 will be considered for publication.
D
(USPS 060-080) Published semiweekly for “... and you will know
38 years later W
e are one month out Our own role over those
from our 150th An- 150 years has been to record
niversary edition. It the first and subsequent drafts
J
.C. Meador’s celebration of life drew a Meador, unbeknownst to the student, saw to it will publish June 6, followed of history, and we’re having
packed house of people whose demograph- that the senior was reunited with his classmates by our public party from 4 fun turning through those
ics matched up rather well with the eulogies and got to enjoy the trip. to 7 p.m. Friday, June 8, at pages. We think you will also
delivered by attorney Kerry Douglas and floor That telling ensured that at least one person Bolivar High School. enjoy the snapshot that the
covering master and motorcycle enthusiast Jerry present to both mourn and celebrate — and one Please keep both special section
Ross. must wonder if there were more — got to con- on your calendars. will provide.
Douglas went over the long list of the vari- nect some dots. And, dear adver- But this is not
ous versions of Meador that he could choose to Steve Hubbert, now in the local real estate tisers, if we are slow all about looking
talk about, a list of different ways his friend and business with his wife, Paula, was in chemistry getting to you about back. It is im-
client had touched many different people over class that day back in 1980. An accident resulted your opportunities portant to know
many years. in acid being sprayed in an eye, causing him to to be part of this, where we have
Ross talked about the influence his motorcycle be undergoing treatment when the buses were please call Deanna been in order to
buddy had on his own life, touching on advice rolling out for the senior trip. at 777-9731 to make better plan where
Meador once gave him about the best gifts in But alas, he was told not to despair. Once sure she knows of we are going. And
life being the ones that involve no one knowing he was able to travel, he was ferried by private your interest. And part of the plan
Dave Berry is publisher
about the giver. Ross asked for an example and plane to St. Louis where he joined up with class- you really should for going forward
and editor of the
his friend said he couldn’t offer one, because mates for the balance of the trip. He was spared have a deep interest. Herald-Free Press. His
involves a couple
then he would know. the details. While it will column appears here of new titles for
But, by then, one person present could have But now — 38 years later — he knows that be our birthday weekly and weakly. deserving staff
provided such an example. J.C. Meador financed the trip, and no doubt (150 years for the members.
Douglas had included descriptions of would have been fine with Hubbert never finding Free Press half of As of the an-
Meador’s gifting, with one being the time a Boli- out about it. our name, 147 years for the niversary date, I will have
var High School senior had suffered a classroom But it makes such a great life lesson that he Herald, and 50 years for the become the last editor of the
mishap that caused him to miss the bus for the did, and how he did. Herald-Free Press), we want newspaper’s first 150 years.
departure for the senior trip to Washington, D.C. — Dave Berry your ads to be about your Jessica Franklin Maull will
own time in this place as a become its first editor of the
business or organization. Yes, next 150 years. She also will
churches and non-profits, you become the first Polk County
should participate, too. We’re native to hold the title for a
all in this together. long, long time.
The special section will be No, that doesn’t mean I’ll
an opportunity for all of us to be gone. Don’t break out in
mark our time in service to celebration just yet. While I
a terrific community to call will have been the last pub-
home, whether our respective lisher of the first 150 years, I
service is measured in days or also will be the first publisher
years. See Berry, Page 5A
JI ESSICA
FRANKLIN MAULL
took an unexpected
stroll this weekend along
Memory
lane
Also at fault were Grand-
pa’s eyes. They were not as
memory lane via Bolivar’s glued to the road as Grandma
citywide sale. would wish. She looked up
Lovely weather meant the from the newspaper sales ads
city was aflutter with rum- to flash him a warning glance
JM
magers and sales seekers. and to give a quick scan of
ILL
Camera and BH-FP sale ads street corner sale signs.
in hand, I was on a quest for “Here’s one, Sylvie,”
WAY
Lessons learned the hard way photos of the long-
time community
tradition.
Grandpa tentative-
ly proposed.
“No, no,” she
I’ll admit I’m not said. “There’s a
much of a rum- better one just
ay 5, 1993. When it was time to head home for the day, mager by nature, down the way.”
It was supposed to be just like any Dad wasn’t in his office, which was weird. but it was not dif- “Awww,” Grand-
other day. Instead, his secretary said he was at some ficult to find myself pa half-heartedly
I was 13 years old and in seventh grade — meeting, and she’d drive me and my younger caught up in the voiced his disap-
just like my son who turned 13 less than a sister the mile to our home. joy of the quest. proval over her
month ago. I remember wishing it was him taking us In every quarter of choosiness as he
It was a typical warm spring day at the end home instead of her. the city, it seemed Jessica Franklin Maull is caught my eye in
of the school year. Sports were winding down, Mom, who worked as a teacher in Lebanon, countless cars lined the associate editor of the rearview mirror
academic work was basically completed, grad- made it home before him. the streets. Sales the Herald-Free Press. and stuck his den-
uation plans were set. It was officially time to “Where’s Dad?” seekers of all ages tures out. It was
cruise until the last day of school. “Not sure. At some meeting, so swarmed along a trick that never
Which, I’m sure, factored into Diana brought us home.” sidewalks and in yards. Color- failed to surprise me and elicit
why I was running late for school Not knowing he had a meeting ful signs on street corner after a giggle.
that day. that day, she was surprised. street corner beckoned. Grandma, ever the teacher,
My dad was impatient. He needed But, just as he and I had done But for me, the greatest interrupted my thoughts — I
to get to school — now. earlier in the day, she moved on, thrills of all were the memo- had serious plans for how I
I didn’t know why he was in such getting started on dinner before Dad ries that came flooding back would spend my dollar bill
a hurry, but I knew he was frustrated and my brother, who was at baseball from my childhood. — for a quick family history
with me for running behind. practice, could get home. It was the first time since lesson.
And I was equally frustrated right Cooking dinner with my mom, my youth that I had been out “That’s where your Great-
back. that’s when everything changed — a-saling. For a few precious Grandma Katy Franklin
I’m sorry, but big hair and shoul- Jill Way is a reporter when May 5, 1993, would no longer moments, it was a spring- lived,” she said. “She and
der pads take time. for the Bolivar Herald- be just another day. time Saturday, circa 1985. I your daddy used to bake
The atmosphere in our white Free Press. The phone rang, and Mom sat again in the backseat of apples on that house’s metal
two-door Buick Regal on the way to dropped her cooking and grabbed it, Grandma and Grandpa Frank- roof in the summertime.”
school was frosty at best. annoyed at the interruption. lin’s 1973 burnt orange Dodge And on we went, eventu-
Dad parked in his usual spot on the east side But, her expression changed instantly. Her Dart, shorts-clad legs sticking ally landing at Grandma’s
of the junior high and took off for his office — eyes were wide as she answered questions with to the vinyl seats. perfect sale. Its worthiness, I
the superintendent’s office — while I slowly quick replies of “yes” or “no.” Grandpa gripped the wheel soon realized, had less to do
walked my way to my locker and onto class. When she started describing Dad’s wedding loosely — probably too loose- with the treasures it had on
Add another tardy to my tally. I’m cool with ring and class ring from when he graduated ly for Grandma’s taste — as offer and far more to do with
it. from St. Louis University with his doctorate we toodled through Bolivar’s the “visiting” opportunities it
There was no, “Have a great day. I’ll see you degree, I knew something was wrong. northeast side, past a house afforded.
after school,” from my dad. Or even a quick I flipped on the TV, and there it was — a break- they had just bought, the same Nonetheless, as Grandpa
hug and, “Sorry I made you late … again,” ing news story about a plane crash in Theodosia. one in which my husband and found a lawn chair in the
from me. See Way, Page 5A I live today. See Maull, Page 5A
opening set for Friday day set for May 5 grunted and waved me over to the bed, looked me
in the eyes and cried.
The Friends of Dunnegan traction. Those attending will I knew exactly what he was trying to say with-
Park will host a grand opening also have the chance to join in an Project TEAMS and Southern Light Counsel- out him having to say a word. I told him I was
and ribbon cutting ceremony for Arbor Day celebration, getting to ing are ready to kick off some summer fun with sorry for how that morning played out, too. And
the new Dunnegan Park Nature plant new trees in the park. a communitywide play day from 9 a.m. to noon that I love him.
Trail from 6 to 8 p.m. Friday, Organizers are encouraging Saturday, May 5, at the Cribbs Family Youth Park, Twenty-five years later, May 5, 2018, is right
May 4, at Dunnegan Memorial people to bring their own lawn 309 S. Clark Ave., Bolivar. around the corner.
Park, 601 W. Forest St., Bolivar. chairs to the event. There will be a variety of activities for kids, in- I’m sure it’ll be similar to 1993 in so many
The event will feature grand The new mile-long chat trail cluding art projects, face painting and slime mak- ways. The school year will be winding down, the
prize drawings for $100 gift around the edge of the park fea- ing. weather will be warm. And I will most certainly
cards to Hibbett Sports, Woods tures signs, sponsored by the Area businesses and community agencies will be late to something or other.
Supermarket and Walmart. All Missouri Department of Con- have resource tables with information about safe But, I know without a doubt at least one thing
children and adults who walk servation, giving information summer activities for children and families. will be different.
the trail that evening will have a on species of trees and wildlife Jennifer Schiffman from DigiDiva Dialogs will I’ll give hugs and kisses and say, “I love you,”
chance to enter. found in Dunnegan Memorial present information on keeping kids safe online to everyone in my house, no matter what the
There will be free drinks, Park. throughout the morning. morning has brought with it.
prizes and face painting, as well For more information on the This is a shine only event. If it is raining, the That’s a lesson that hasn’t faded in my mind,
as live music by Roadside At- event or the trail, call 380-6403. play day will be canceled. even after all these years.