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https://t.me/SSC4EXam https://t.me/Banking4Exam https://t.me/UPSC4Exam

https://t.me/TheHindu_Zone_official
नई पदल्ली । मंगलवार, 2 अप््ैल 2019 युवा
पबना पकसी कारण
के मुस्कराते है्, यह
निर््ीक पत््कानिता का आठधां दशक उनके प््मुख आकर्भणो् मे्
अंग़ेज कखि, प़़ोफेसर
स्थािना वर्भ ः 1948 से एक हैै ...
- थॉमस ग््े
से्सेक्स के 39,000 के अंको् को छूने से साफ है पक भारतीय शेयर बािार पफलहाल पिछले कुछ महीने की अपनप््ितता अंतर्ध्वनि
से बाहर पनकल आया है, पिसके आम चुनाव मे् पसयासी मायने भी पनकाले िा सकते है्।
केदारनाथ अग््वाल
नई ऊंचाई पर बचपन में ही कतविा

कवत्त वषष के पहले कदन ही मुंबई शेयर बाजार के नीचे तक चला गया था। लेककन इसके बाद सेंसेतस ही नहीं, करते हुए एक कतमाही में 13 फीसदी से अकधक की बढ़त का संसार मोहक
नए सूचकांक सेंसेतस ने 39,000 अंकों की
सवोषच्च ऊंचाई को छूकर बाजार में उत्साह का
संकेत कदया है। हालांकक एक समय यह
राटट्रीय शेयर सूचकांक कनफ्टी ने भी नई ऊंचाई को छुआ है
और यह बाजार में बढ़ते उत्साह को ही दशाषता है। दरअसल
इस तेजी के पीछे तीन बड़े कारण हैं, एक तो यह कक बाजार
हाकसल की, तो नैथिेक ने 2012 के बाद पहली बार 16.5
फीसदी की बढ़त दजष की है। तीसरी वजह है, भारतीय बाजार
में कवदेशी संथथागत कनवेशकों का लौटना और अब यह भी
लगने लगा
39,115.57 को छू गया था, लेककन बाजार के जानकार यह मानकर चल रहे हैं कक नरेंि मोदी की माना जा रहा है कक सेंसेतस के 39,000 के मनोवैज्ञाकनक कखवता मेरे घर में पहले से थी। मेरे खपता
बंद होने के समय करीब ढाई अंक नीचे कगरकर 38,871 पर अगुआई में एनिीए चाहे कुछ कम सीटों के साथ ही सही, थतर को छूने के बाद उनका कवचवास भारतीय बाजार में और ब्रजभाषा और िड़ी बोली में कखवता खलिते
आ गया। इसके बावजूद इसका महत्व इसकलए है, तयोंकक 29 सत्ता में आ जाएगा; इसके पीछे हाल में आए कुछ चुनावी सववे बढ़ेगा। कनकचचत रूप से भारतीय शेयर बाजार कपछले कुछ
अगथत को यह 38,989 अंक तक पहुंच चुका था और कफर को आधार माना जा रहा है। दूसरा, यह कक अमेकरका और महीने की अकनकचचतता से कफलहाल बाहर कनकल आया है। थे। मेरी चौपाल में आल्हा संगीत होता था। मेरे
इसके बाद इसमें उतार-चढ़ाव आता रहा है। इस हलचल के चीन के बीच कई महीने से जो व्यापाकरक गकतरोध बना हुआ बाजार ने ऐसे समय नई ऊंचाइयों को छुआ है, जब दो कदन मैदाि में रामलीला िेली जाती थी। उसका
पीछे बाजार के अपने कारण तो कजम्मेदार थे ही, कसयासी था, वह दूर होता कदख रहा है, कजसका दुकनया के दूसरे बाजारों बाद करजवष बैंक की मौकिक नीकत से संबंकधत कमेटी की प्रभाव मि-मखततटक पर पड़ता था। कखवता में
हलचल ने भी इसे प्रभाकवत ककया कजससे फरवरी में इसमें पर भी असर पड़ा है। इसके चलते एस ऐंि पी 500 अंकों के किमाकसक बैठक होने वाली है, कलहाजा बाजार की आगे की मेरी रुखच बढ़िे लगी और मैंिे पद्माकर,
आठ फीसदी तक कगरावट दजष की गई और यह 36,000 के सूचकांक ने कपछले एक दशक के दौरान सवाषकधक वृकि दजष कदशा इसके भावी कदम पर भी कनभषर करेगी। जयदेव और गीत गोखवंद पढ़ा। इसी तरह की
मािखसकता बििे लगी। इस तरह कखवता मेरे
खकतने स़ितंत़ है़ भारतीय युिा

अंदर पैठ गई और वह मेरे इंखियबोध को
संवेदिशील बिािे लगी। अपिे को व्यक्त
करिे की लालसा जागृत होिे लगी खक मैं भी
कुछ खलि सकूं,
तो अच्छा
व
षष 1980 से 1999 के बीच ओर बढ़ रहा है। भारत के उभरते हुए वयथक आज भी अपनी लगेगा। गांव में
जन्मे बच्चों को आत्ममुग्ध कपछले एक दशक में भारत के शहरी मध्यवगष पहचान तलाशने और आत्मकनभषर बनने को उच्च और कोई सुि
पीढ़ी बताया जाता है। उन्हें के पकरवारों में बदलावों का कसलकसला शुरू हुआ प्राथकमकता पर रखते हैं। िहीं था, िाओ,
गलत तरीके से वकणषत ककया है। वैचवीकरण, बढ़ते शहरीकरण और बदलते उसके बाद कवत्तीय सुरिा, कशिा और ककरयर पीओ और तकूल
जाता है, थटीकरयोटाइप सामाकजक पकरवेश के चलते भारत के उभरते भी महत्वपूणष लक्ष्य हैं। ज्ञान आधाकरत जाओ। खमखिल
समझा जाता है और उनकी वयथक बहुत-सी चुनौकतयों का सामना कर रहे हैं। अथषव्यवथथा के प्रकत भारत के झुकाव में वृकि के तक तकूल था।
प्रशंसा नहीं की जाती। उन्हें अतसर गैरकजम्मेदार इसने वयथकता प्राप्त करने के अनुभव को साथ ज्यादा उन्नत किग्री, व्यकततवादी आदशोों से
और आलसी युवा समझा जाता है। लेककन अपने मौकलक रूप से बदल कदया है। कवकभन्न संथकृकतयों पकरचय, बेहतर संभावनाओं के कलए बड़े शहरों टीचर मेरे घर
खचष करने की आदत के कारण ऐसे युवाओं ने में वयथकता प्राप्त करने के सवोषच्च मानदंिों में से की ओर पलायन को महत्व कदया जाता है। ये आते थे। भीतर-
हाल के दौर में मीकिया का ध्यान खींचा है और एक है थवतंि फैसला लेने की िमता। इसका बाद कनटकषष भारत के शहरों में रहने वाले 18 से 29 बाहर इस तरह
यह कयास लगाया जा रहा है कक वे अब तक की के जीवन पर दीघषकालीन प्रभाव पड़ता है, कजसमें वषष के मध्य और उच्च वगष के कशकित युवाओं पर कखवता का संसार, मोहक संसार लगिे लगा।
तमाम पीकढ़यों में सबसे कनराश-हताश तो नहीं हैं। आकथषक सफलता, सुचारु जीवन कबताना और अंत केंकित हैं और ये उन भारतीय युवाओं की भावना सौंदयि को, मािवीय सौंदयि को, प्रकृखत के
ये लोग तेजी से बदलते वैचवीकृत समाज में पले- में सफल बुढ़ापा शाकमल है। हालांकक भारत में को प्रकतकबंकबत नहीं कर सकते, जो ग्रामीण और सौंदयि को देििे की लालसा जगी।
बढ़े हैं और अपने बाप-दादाओं के कवपरीत उन्हें पाकरवाकरक दाकयत्वों और सामाकजक अपेिाओं की कृकष िेि में रहते हैं। आज कखवता को िंगा कर खदया गया है,
संिमण काल से वयथकता की ओर बढ़ते हुए अब भी महत्वपूणष भूकमका होती है, ऐसे में उभरते पकचचम की तुलना में भारत के उभरते हुए उसकी रीढ़ तोड़ दी गई है, उसे हर तरह से
कवकास संबंधी चुनौकतयों के अलावा आधुकनक भारत मे् उभरते वयस्क माता-पिता के प््पत वयथक आसानी से थवतंि कनणषय नहीं ले पाते। वयथक कुछ अलग हैं। भारत के उभरते वयथक अपंग कर खदया गया है। उसकी तवर और
समय की बढ़ती मांगों के साथ भी तालमेल उत्तर-औपकनवेकशक यूरो-केंकित संथकृकत में न केवल अपने माता-कपता के महत्व को पहचानते ध्वखियां छीि ली गई हैं। उसे भाषायी
कबठाना पड़ा है। बीस साल की उम्र के युवा अपने पिम्मेदारी पनभाने के साथ-साथ िपरवार से भारतीय युवा इस बदलते पकरदृचय के बीच आत्म हैं, बककक पकरवार के प्रकत अपनी कजम्मेदारी भी संकेतबद्धता से वंखचत कर खदया गया है, उसे
मनोवैज्ञाकनक कवकास के महत्वपूणष चरण में होते
हैं, कजन्हें हमारे समथषन की जरूरत होती है,
स्वतंत्ता और स्वायत््ता भी हापसल करते है्। और पहचान के आख्यानों को पुनपषकरभाकषत कर
रहे हैं। भारत में एकल पकरवार के आम होते जाने
कनभाते हैं। अनुकूल पकरणाम सुकनकचचत करने के
कलए भारत के उभरते वयथकों के कनणषय लेने की
कखव के अचेति मखततटक में ले जाकर
उपहास की नहीं। अिनी िहचान तलाशने और आत्मपनभ्भर के साथ-साथ पाकरवाकरक कवचारधारा में बदलाव प्रकिया के बारे में जानना महत्वपूणष है, जो एक
ऊलजलूल में भरपूर भुला-भटका खदया गया
है। अब आज जब सब दफ्तर के बाबू हो गए
सहस्रासदी की शुरुआत में जीवन संबंधी बनने को ये अिनी प््ाथपमकता बनाते है्। हुए हैं, जो उभरते वयथकों के बीच फैसले लेने में सववे से संभव नहीं है। इन्हें उस एजेंसी को
हैं, छोटे, बड़े िगरों में िोए हुए हैं, जिता से
मनोकवज्ञान के िेि में आमूल पकरवतषन देखा गया। माता-कपता और बच्चों के बीच बातचीत की पहचानने की आवचयकता होती है, जो जीवन
वयथकता के कवकास पर शोध की जरूरत महसूस अनुमकत देते हैं। यह पुरानी परंपरा से उत्पन्न लक्ष्य के प्रकत उनके कनणषय लेने की प्रकिया में कट चुके हैं, बोलिे में बुदबुदाते हैं, खलििे
करते हुए इस कदशा में प्रयास हुए। इस तरह के दीया खित़़ा जड़ता और पकरवतषन के दबाव के बीच पारथपकरक शाकमल होती है, कवशेष रूप से तब, जब भारत को कखवता खलिते हैं मगर कखवता िहीं
एक प्रयास ने अमेकरका में उभरती वयथकता के किया को कचकित करता है। जैसे समुदाय-केंकित समाज की बात हो। इस शोध खलिते हैं, िए-िए वाद-खववाद के चक्कर में
कसिांत को जन्म कदया और 18 से 29 की अवकध संथकृकतयों में अलग-अलग होते हैं। कवककसत देशों पड़ा है। भारत में उभरती वयथकता तेजी से मेरे हाकलया शोध का कनटकषष बताता है कक के कनटकषोों ने सांथकृकतक मानदंिों के पुनगषठन के िालिा के िाली खिब्बे पीटते हैं। करते कुछ
को एक नया जीवन-चरण प्रथताकवत ककया गया। में जहां इसका कवथतृत अध्ययन ककया गया है, वहीं प्रचकलत हो रही है, तयोंकक युवाओं के पास कशिा, भारत में उभरते वयथक माता-कपता के प्रकत कलए वैचवीकरण के समाजशाथिीय प्रभावों को िहीं, काफी हाउस में बकवास करते हैं। पराये
सांथकृकतक पकरदृचय में महत्वपूणष बदलाव (यौन भारत में इस संबंध में शोध की अभी बस शुरुआत उच्च वेतन वाली नौककरयां और प्रेम व कववाह में कजम्मेदारी कनभाने के साथ-साथ पकरवार से प्रकाश में लाया है-कक सफलता को मापने के कलए (खवदेशी कखवता) की िकल में अकल िचि
िांकत, मकहलाओं के आंदोलन, ज्ञान आधाकरत ही हुई है। ज्यादा थवायत्तता प्राप्त है। इसके अलावा बेहतर थवतंिता और थवायत्तता भी हाकसल करते हैं, जो पैमाने में बदलाव की आवचयकता है। मीकिया में करते हैं और कखवता को अपिी तरह बेजाि
अथषव्यथथा के कलए बदलाव) के साथ हाई थकूल भारत ने 1990 के दशक में सूचना प्रौद्योकगकी अवसर की तलाश में ग्रामीण िेिों से शहरी िेिों कजंदगी के इस िण का सबसे महत्वपूणष कायष है। इन उभरते वयथकों को पेश करने के ढंग और बिाते हैं। भाषा को चीर-फाड़कर खचथड़े-
की पढ़ाई खत्म करने और वयथक भूकमका प्राप्त िेि में तेज शुरुआत के बाद सामाकजक- में युवाओं का सामूकहक पलायन हुआ है, कजसने खोज से उनके माता-कपता के प्रकत प्रकतबिता का उनके आदशोों व लक्ष्यों की वाथतकवकता में खचथड़े कर देते हैं। लेखकि कखव चेति सृखटट
करने के बीच खाई बढ़ती गई। वयथकता की सांथकृकतक िेि में तेजी से बदलाव का अनुभव सामाकजक गकतशीलता को मंजूरी दी है। बदलती तो पता चलता ही है, इसका भी संकेत कमलता है कवसंगकत है। के कताि हैं। हम कखव लोग ब्रह्मा हैं। मैं उसी
कथथकत के ये कचह्न (कवत्तीय थवतंिता, एक थथायी ककया है। तेज औद्योकगकीकरण और सामाकजक-सांथकृकतक धाराओं और खत्म होती कक व्यकततगत जीवन के कवककप माता-कपता की लेखिका क्लाकक यूखिवखसिटी, मैसाच्यूसेट्स की लड़ाई लड़ रहा हूं।
रोजगार की तलाश और कववाह करना) कवकभन्न आधुकनकीकरण का आबादी पर महत्वपूणष प्रभाव जाकत प्रथा के साथ भारत एक नए अध्याय की देखभाल करने की िमता को बाकधत नहीं करेंगे। में शोधाथीि हैं। -खदवंगत खहंदी कखव
िंखजले़ और भी है़
बृिेश सरोि अथथशास्त्र पर हावी राजनीति हखरयाली और रास़़ा
तनशा मैडम, बच्चे

छले कुछ दशकों से भारतीय
सतजजयां बेचिा था, आज तप राजनीकत में एक खास बात देखने में

आ रही है और वह है सरकारी
खजाने से वोटरों को लुभाने-
भारतीय अथ्भव्यवस्था आि भी नकद आधापरत है और यह िता लगाना पक पकसकी
न्यूनतम आय पकतनी है, टेढी खीर है, क्यो्पक छोटे भुगतान नकद के िपरये ही होते है्। और पहाड़ा
कांग्ेस की न्यूनतम आय गारंटी योिना मे् कई िेच है्, पिनके बारे मे् स्िष््ता नही् है। निशा मैडम की कहािी, निसिे िौ के
आईआईटी, मुंबई में हूं ललचाने का प्रयास। उसी कड़ी में है कांग्रस
आय गारंटी योजना, कजसके तहत 12,000 रुपये
े की न्यूनतम
सालाना कमाने वाले पकरवार को 6,000 रुपये प्रकत माह की सकससिी दी जा रही है, कजसका असर राजथव घाटे
पहाड़े के िनिये बच्चों को िीवि की
एक महत्वपूणण सीख दी।
यानी 72,000 रुपये सालाना कमलेंग।े भारत में पर पड़ता है। अगर कांग्रसे यह योजना लागू करती है तो
मैं उत्तर प्रदेश के प्रतापगढ़ लजिे के एक गांव में पैदा हुआ। दलित होने के प्रोत्साहन, सकससिी, उपहारों की चुनाव के दौरान घोषणा राजथव घाटा नई ऊंचाइयों पर चला जाएगा। ऐसा भी हो
कारण हमारी आलथाक लथथलत कभी बहुत अच्छी नहीं रही। मेरे लपता गुजरात होती रहती है और ििप हमेशा इसमें आगे रहते हैं, सकता है कक एनिीए सरकार िारा शुरू की गई कई
के सूरत में बुनकर हैं, लजनकी आय आठ से दस हजार रुपये के बीच है। तयोंकक उनके कलए वोट राजथव से ज्यादा महत्वपूणष हो योजनाएं खत्म कर दी जाएं। यहां पर मनरेगा का कजि
हम छह भाई-बहन और दादा-दादी के भरे-पूरे पलरवार के लिए यह आय बेहद जाता है। यह पहला मौका है कक अथषशाकथियों से भरी होता है, लेककन वह एक बकढ़या थकीम साकबत हुई है,
मामूिी थी। इस कारण बेहद कम उम्र में ही मुझे िोगों के खेतों में काम हुई कांग्रस
े पाटीष के अध्यि ने ऐसी बड़ी घोषणा की है खासकर उन राज्यों में जहां ग्रामीण मजदूरों को धन के
करने जाना पड़ता था। कुछ समय तक मैंने सलजजयां बेचीं और शादी-जयाह में कक सभी हैरान हैं, तयोंकक इससे देश पर लगभग 3.60 अभाव से जूझना पड़ता था।
टेंट िगाने तक का काम करना पड़ा। इसके बावजूद मैं पढ़ने-लिखने में लाख करोड़ रुपये का बोझ पड़ेगा। यह इसकलए भी िधुरेऩद़ खसऩहा अभी तो यह देखना है कक इसके आकथषक प्रभाव तया
अच्छा था और अपनी पढ़ाई को बेहद गंभीरता से िेता था। िेलकन पलरवार महत्वपूणष है कक जब एनिीए सरकार ने छोटे और हो सकते हैं? एक और बात है कक कबना ककसी तरह के
की आलथाक लथथलत को देखते हुए मैं समझ नहीं पाता था लक आगे पढ़ाई कर सीमांत ककसानों के कलए सालाना 75,000 करोड़ रुपये िाटा के यह योजना लागू कैसे होगी? भारतीय
भी पाऊंगा या नहीं। िेलकन थकूि में मेरे लशिकों ने हमेशा मेरा मागादशान देने की घोषणा की थी, तो पूवष कवत्त मंिी पी कचदंबरम कुछ कहथसा करसकर नीचे भी जाएगा। यह कसलकसला अथषव्यवथथा आज भी नकद आधाकरत है और यह पता खिशा मैिम की पांचवीं कक्षा में पहली
लकया। इसी का नतीजा था लक मुझे जवाहर नवोदय लवद्यािय में प्रवेश लमि ने इसे ककसानों को दी जाने वाली करचवत बताया था। चलता रहा और गरीबी दूर नहीं हुई। इसके बाद देश की लगाना, कक ककसकी न्यूनतम आय ककतनी है, टेढी खीर
तकमलनािु के पूवष मुख्यमंिी एमजी रामचंिन ने कमि क्लास थी। पहली बार बच्चे उिसे खमल रहे
गया। नवोदय लवद्यािय में जाने के बाद मैंने पीछे मुड़कर नहीं देखा। गांव के राजनीकत में ििपों का वचषथव बढ़ता गया और वोट बैंक है, तयोंकक छोटे भुगतान नकद के जकरये ही होते हैं।
िे मील और सथता चावल गरीबों को देने की योजना की राजनीकत के तहत लोगों को लुभावने वादे ककए जाने थे। क्लास में घुसते ही बोिड पर वह कुछ
थकूि में पढ़ता था, तो मजदूरी करने के कारण रोज समय पर थकूि पहुंचने दुकानों, छोटे होटलों, घरों, खेत-खकलहानों, लघु उद्योगों
बनाई थी, कजससे राज्य में कोई भूखा नहीं रह सके। लगे। दकिण भारत इस मामले में आगे रहा और वहां बड़े वगैरह में काम करने वालों की आय का आंकड़ा कैसे खलििे लगीं। खिशा मैिम बोिड पर िौ का
की गारंटी नहीं थी। िेलकन नवोदय लवद्यािय में इसके बाद कई राज्य इसके नतशे कदम पर चलते हुए पहाड़ा खलि रही थीं। पर उन्होंिे िौ दूिी
पैमाने पर उपहार आकद की घोषणा की जाती रही। उत्तर कमलेगा? लाखों करतशा चालकों की आय का आंकड़ा
मेरी अिग दुलनया थी। वहां जाकर खुद मैंने भी और आगे बढ़ गए। इंकदरा गांधी ने 1971 में गरीबी प्रदेश में अकखलेश सरकार ने छािों को लैपटॉप तथा सोलह खलिा। वह पहाड़ा पूरा करतीं, इससे
कहां से कमलेगा? इनकी आय तो घटती-बढ़ती ही रहती
लशिा के महत्व को गंभीरता से समझा। हटाओ का नारा कदया। पर इसके कलए बजट में कोई नीतीश कुमार ने कबहार में लड़ककयों को साइककल बांटी। है। देश में न्यूनतम मजदूरी औसतन 300 से 400 रुपये पहले ही बच्चे हंसिे लगे थे। मैिम िे बच्चों
बारहवीं के बाद दलिणा फाउंडेशन की मदद से प्रावधान नहीं रखा। पांचवीं पंचवषीषय योजना में इसकी पर नकद बांटने की बात ककसी ने कभी नहीं की। नकदी प्रकतकदन है और महीने में यह 9,000 रुपये से भी कहीं की तरफ देिकर पूछा, तुम लोग क्यों हंस
मैं आनंद कुमार की सुपर-30 में पहुंच गया। चचाष तो की गई, पर कहा गया कक देश में इन्फ्राथट्रतचर, यकद बंट रही थी, तो चुपचाप और वह भी पाकटियों िारा। ज्यादा होगी, लेककन यह सारा पाकरश्रकमक नकद में ही रहे हो? बच्चों को यकीि हो गया था खक िई
आनंद कुमार सर गरीब बच्चों को बहुत मेहनत कृकष वगैरह को बढ़ावा कदया जाएगा, ताकक समृकि इस देश में कृकष, कशिा और थवाथथ्य पर हम आज कदया जाता है। कफर दोहराव को कैसे रोका जाएगा? मैिम को कुछ िहीं आता। मॉखिटर वरुण िे
से पढ़ाते और राथता लदखाते हैं। सुपर-30 में आए। यह कटककलंग इफेतट की अवधारणा का कहथसा भी बहुत कम खचष करते हैं और गैर उत्पादक योजनाओं इसमें कई पेच हैं, कजनके बारे में अभी थपटटता नहीं है। खहम्मत करके कहा, मैिम, आपिे िौ दूिी
एक साि की कोलचंग के बाद मेरा चयन था, यानी ऊपर के तल पर पर समृकि आने से उसका में काफी बड़ी राकश खचष करते हैं। आज भी कई तरह कफलहाल तो यह कागजी ही है। सोलह खलिा है, जबखक वह अट्ठारह होिा
आईआईटी, मुंबई में हो गया। मेरे साथ मेरे चाखहए। इस पर क्लास के सभी बच्चे
छोटे भाई का भी आईआईटी में चयन हुआ।
गांव मे् लोग मुझ िर मेरे पलरवार के लिए यह खुशी का अवसर था,
खुली खखड़की ठहाका मारकर हंसिे लगे। खिशा मैिम भी
हंसिे लगीं। खफर वह बोलीं, आपके साथ
ित्थर फे्कते थे, आि हािांलक गांव के सवणा िोग इससे खुश नहीं आज यह मेरी पहली क्लास है। मुझे यह
िढ्ाई के साथ मै्
सैकड्ो् गरीब बच््ो् की
थे। जब मैं घर से बाहर लनकिता, तो मुझ पर
पत्थर फेंककर वे अपना आक्रोश जालहर
तंबाकू की नकदी फसल फूल और कांटे जािकर िुशी हुई खक आप सबको िौ का
पहाड़ा याद है। पर क्या आपमें से खकसी िे
करते। हािांलक फीस के लिए दो िाख रुपये तंबाकू का सेवन बेशक थवाथथ्य के लिए हालनकारक है, िेलकन लकसानों यह सोचा खक मैंिे िौ का पहाड़ा ही खलिा
मदद भी कर रहा हूं।
जुटाना हमारे लिए बहुत मुलककि था। के लिए यह एक नकदी फसि है। तंबाकू का सवाालिक उत्पादन चीन में गुलाब के पौधे में फूल और कांटे पास-पास ही उगे हुए थे। दोनों ही है या कुछ और? अब सभी बच्चे िामोश
आईआईटी में दालखिा हो जाने पर मेरे तमाम खुद को सुखी और अपने साथी को दुखी मान रहे थे। एक कदन होकर मैिम को बहुत गंभीरता से सुि रहे
लरकतेदार मेरे घर आए थे। िेलकन वे मेरी फीस होता है, जबलक भारत का थथान इस मामिे में तीसरा है। अवसर पाकर दोनों ने बातचीत शुरू की और अपने मन की बात थे। मैिम बोलीं, यह आपकी क्लास का
के रुपये का इंतजाम नहीं कर पाए, क्योंलक उनकी खुद की लजंदगी जैसे-तैसे दूसरे से कहने लगे। पहला सबक है खक खबिा जािे-समझे खकसी
चिती है। हारकर मेरे लपता ने कुछ िोगों से पैसे मांगे। िेलकन उसी समय कांटे ने फूल से कहा, बंधु, तुम्हें अत्याचार पीकड़त जीवन यापन
करना पड़ता है। माली तुम्हें कनदषयतापूवषक भरी जवानी में ही तोड़ ले पर हंसिा बेवकूफी है। दूसरा सबक, हम
कुछ कॉरपोरेट कंपलनयां मेरे बारे में जानकर मेरी मदद के लिए आगे आईं अमेकरका कजबिाब्वे अक्सर खजंदगी के िकारात्मक पहलू से
और मेरा काम आसान हो गया। जाता है। माला बनाने के कलए सुई से तुम्हारा
इंडोनेकिया
आईआईटी में प्रवेश के बाद मैं बेहद खुश था। िेलकन लजस तरह मुझे मदद
322 181 कलेजा छेदता है। फूल ने उत्तर देने से पहले
अपने मन की शंका का कनवारण करना
इतिा जुड़ जाते हैं खक सकारात्मक पहलू
खदििा ही बंद हो जाता है। जैसे आप
लमिी, उसने मुझे एक अजीब भावना से भर लदया। मैंने सोच लिया लक लजस 153 उकचत समझा। सबको िौ के इस पहाड़े में खसफक एक गलती
तरह िोगों ने मेरी मदद की, वैसे ही मैं अब दूसरे गरीब बच्चों की मदद भारत 5 उसने कहा, गुलाब के खूबसूरत पौधे में जन्म खदिी, पर बाकी पहाड़ा सही था, उस बारे
करूंगा, लजससे लक वे भी अपने जीवन में मेरी तरह सफि बनें। अच्छी 4 6 जाकबिया लेने पर भी तुम्हें कांटे का कलेवर कमला। में आपिे कुछ िहीं कहा। यहां बोिड पर भले
लशिा और िोगों की सहायता से मैं तो यहां पहुंच गया, िेलकन गांवों में मेरे
जैसे हजारों-िाखों बच्चे हैं, लजन्हें अवसर और मागादशान की जरूरत है। इसी 799.96 3 7 131
कजसने भी तुम्हें छुआ, कोसा और लांकछत
ककया। यह कैसा दुभाषग्य है, जो कवधाता ने
आप वह गलती देिकर हंस पड़े, पर असल
खजंदगी में ऐसा खबल्कुल मत कीखजएगा। और
उद्देकय से गरीब बच्चों के हक में मैंने अपने कुछ सालथयों की मदद से गृह
लजिे प्रतापगढ़ में समदशीा फाउंडेशन नाम से एक संगठन की थथापना की। सत़संग तुम्हारे पकले बांध कदया है।
एक दूसरे के बारे में दोनों के मूकयांकन
आज की क्लास का तीसरा और आखिरी
सबक यह है खक मेरी क्लास में हमेशा हंसते
मुंबई में अलभनेता आलमर खान ने मुझसे मुिाकात की, तो मुझे बहुत अच्छा
880 2 8 पाककस्तान अपनी दृकटट से सही थे। लेककन अब फूल ने कहना शुरू ककया, मैं रखहए। ठीक वैसे ही, जैसे आप अभी थोड़ी
िगा। लफर मैंने कल्याण इिाके में भी अपनी यह संथथा खोिी। इन दोनों खुद को भाग्यवान मानता हूं और माली का कृतज्ञ हूं, कजसने मेरे
संथथाओं में गरीब बच्चों की पढ़ाई का थतर ऊंचा लकया जाता है, तालक ये 1 9 117 नगण्य से अकथतत्व को देवताओं और महामानवों के गले का हार
देर पहले हंस रहे थे। आखिर हम सब दोतत
हैं ि? अब जाकर बच्चों की जाि में जाि
बच्चे जवाहर नवोदय लवद्यािय और सैलनक थकूि जैसे प्रलतलठठत थकूिों में ब्राजील बना कदया। अब कांटे ने कहा, मैं ककसी की िाकलयों में लगने नहीं
अजजेंटीना जाता। दूसरों की कवभूकत हड़पने वाले जब तुम्हारे ऊपर हाथ िालते आई। सभी बच्चे िुश होकर खचल्लािे लगे,
दालखिा िेकर अपने अंदर लछपी प्रलतभा लनखार सकें। मेरा भलवठय तो सुरलित
यस मैिम।
हो गया है, िेलकन मेरा िक्ष्य है लक मैं पूरी लजंदगी गरीब बच्चों के हक में 2,391 हैं, तो मेरे माध्यम से उन्हें जवाब कमलता है। अगर मैं अपने सहोदर
स््ोत- UN FAO
काम करता रहूं। आंकड़े-हजार 117 भ्राता की जीवन रिा के कारण बदनाम होता हूं, तो उसके कलए मैं
खुद को भाग्यवान मानता हूं।
हमें दूसरों के जीवन की गलकतयां ढूंढने
-विविन्न साक्षात्कारों पर आधावरत। चीन मीकिक टन में से िचना चाकहए।
-संकतलि

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8 ISSUES AND INSIGHTS
>
MUMBAI | TUESDAY, 2 APRIL 2019
> CHINESE WHISPERS

Market intelligence research bodies. The most notable
among these initiatives is the one car-
ried out by the Indian Council of
Agricultural Research and narrated
If the public sector bodies can
offer such gainful marketing advice
to the farmers, the private compa-
nies, too, can do so and perhaps with
Advance information on anticipated price behaviour of different crops in its 2017-18 annual report. greater efficiency. They can conceive Food googly
Implemented through a network of innovative models to deliver relative- Those flocking to Delhi’s Feroz Shah Kotla
is vital for farmers to take informed decisions 14 institutions across the country, ly more diversified and value- ground to catch live action of the Indian
this project involved issuing price enhanced information to the farmers Premier League (IPL) matches this season
to grow and when and where to sell. the existing price assurance schemes, forecasts for over 40 farm commodi- to cater to their multiple needs. The are left with a sour taste in the mouth,
The present market information ser- such as official procurement at gov- ties twice a season — prior to crop IFFCO Kisan Sanchar service thanks to the administration’s new diktat
vices normally put out only the ruling ernment-fixed prices and the price sowing and at the time of its harvest. launched by the cooperative sector of not allowing food at some of the
prices in major mandis. These are of deficiency payment system, have All possible means of communica- fertiliser giant, IFFCO, in collabora- spectator stands. Viewers can sip
limited avail to the farmers given wide failed to cover more than a fraction tion, including personal contacts, tion with the telecom major Bharti beverages, but not carry snacks to their
variations in rates at different places of the farmers. The others sell their SMSes, pamphlets, television, radio, Airtel and Star Global Resources Ltd., seats. Reason? The ground staff wants to
and different points of time. Price produce in the nearest mandis at websites of farm universities, can be a case in point. keep the sitting area, “which used to be
volatility is the most pronounced in whatever prices are quoted by the Facebook, WhatsApp and YouTube, In 2017-18, the IFFCO Kisan Sanchar tainted with leftovers and packets earlier”,
high-value, perishable and semi-per- exploitative traders. Though farmers were used to convey these forecasts disseminated about 75,000 voice mes- clean. Until the last IPL season, food could
ishable crops such as vegetables and are not unaware that the prices nor- to the farmers. sages to nearly two million farmers in be consumed while watching the match.
fruits which are grown by the farmers mally rise after the peak marketing The impact analysis of this service the local languages. Apart from market Now one has to go to the counters, where
FARM VIEW primarily to get better returns. But
lack of reliable marketing counsel
season is over, they can ill-afford to
take the risk of deferring the sale
showed that potato growers of Uttar
Pradesh, who followed the expert
intelligence, vital information on other
aspects of farming and animal hus-
they have to buy as well as polish off the
food, losing a slice of the action during the
SURINDER SUD often thwarts this bid. without having an idea about the advice issued by the Varanasi-based bandry, weather forecasts, govern- home games of the Delhi Capitals. Many are
Marketing guidance is imperative likely extent of price spike. Banaras Hindu University and sold ment schemes and agricultural news, ruefully chewing on the new arrangement
also for various other reasons. The Withholding the produce can prove their output in May, instead of the was also communicated through but not before reminding that the Delhi &
O
ne of the key deficiencies of ways and means of price discovery counterproductive if the incremental usual March-April, managed to realise these messages-cum-advisories. If District Cricket Association, which is
agricultural marketing that and price risk-management in the returns do not even cover the storage 30 to 40 per cent higher prices. The more companies, especially those responsible for the stadium’s upkeep, has
has not received due attention agriculture sector are rather limited. expenses, which happens quite often average increase in earnings was engaged in agri-businesses, come for- important infrastructural issues and even
is the dearth of advance information Futures trading and, more important- in the case of potato, onion, tomato between ~100 and ~150 a quintal. ward to launch similar services, it internal politics to resolve first.
on anticipated price behaviour of dif- ly, options trading, which are the and other spoilage-prone products. Similarly, the cotton growers of would make farm marketing more
ferent crops — technically called mar- most common instruments of price The potential gains to farmers Gujarat, who went by the advisories remunerative and Indian agriculture
ket intelligence. This knowledge is discovery and price risk hedging the from credible market advice have circulated by the Junagarh centre of more profitable. All in the family
vital for farmers to take informed world over, are disallowed in India been demonstrated in a few pilot pro- the state agricultural university, When elections
decisions about what and how much for most farm commodities. Besides, jects ran by public sector farm gained around ~36,000, on an average. surinder.sud@gmail.com come, supporters
and party workers
are as important as
voters. But in
Great leap back for forest rights

Madhya Pradesh,
top leaders of the
ruling Congress
party are putting
more faith in their sons than in other
The government has introduced a law that is than 2 million households. With elec- volunteers when it comes to election
tions looming and the Opposition ring- management. Former chief minister
more regressive than the colonial-era Indian ing the alarm bells, the government Digvijaya Singh (pictured) is contesting
sought a review petition to defuse the from Bhopal. The seat is a saffron citadel
Forest Act, 1927 which it seeks to replace crisis. where the Bharatiya Janata Party has not
A month later, came IFA 2019, lost since 1989. Singh’s son and cabinet
NITIN SETHI legally treat the country’s tribals as which legally provides the political minister of Madhya Pradesh, Jaivardhan
encroachers. Then in 1980 came the executive and the forest bureaucracy Singh, is working hard to map booths
T
he National Democratic Forest Conservation Act, which was absolute discretion to open any forest- and devise political strategy for his father.
Alliance (NDA) has proposed a used to regulate where and for what land to commercial plantations — It is the same with Jyotiraditya Scindia.
law to put around a fifth of reasons (such as mining and indus- either by the government or the private The party has put him in charge of
India’s geographic area — about tries) forests could be cleared. sector — in the name of increasing for- western Uttar Pradesh and he has to
708,273 square kilometres of forested With the pace of industrialisation est productivity or reducing green- occasionally visit the region. His son
lands — under a policing regime akin picking up after 1991, these laws accel- house gas emissions. This is a first. Mahanaryaman Scindia is active in the
to the Armed Forces (Special Powers) erated the usurpation of forest lands So far, despite an outcry by civil Guna-Shivpuri constituency with his
Act. The draft law, which has been cir- and resources by the powerful mining society, the Congress, too, has kept mother, Priyadarshini Raje.
culated to the states for comment, is and industrial groups. Data from the silent. On their part, forest officials jus-
called the Indian Forest Act, 2019. past 15 years shows that more than 90 tify the Bill saying it updates the legis-
Under it, the forest department gains per cent of the forest patches that lation to incorporate judicial interpre- Temple run
enhanced powers to shoot industry demanded were tations altering forest governance, Since its beginning, Dravidian politics has
at citizens, search and seize cleared for its needs. In par- address the challenges of climate been known for its atheistic views on policy
property and arrest people
even on mere suspicion of
allel, the high-handed man-
agement of forests tracts
FORCES OF NATURE change, meet the needs of a more peo-
ple-friendly approach to the issue and
and life. In tune with this legacy, the
(CONTENTIOUS PROVISIONS IN THE PROPOSED INDIAN FORESTS ACT 2019) Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) is seen
committing a crime. People that had not been felled led empower bureaucracy to deal with the as an atheist party and its former president,
depending on these lands to the deep alienation of New provisions are to “Provide indemnity to Forest-officer using arms etc, to political pulls and pressures that
prevent forest offence. This indemnity shall be in addition to the immunity the late M. Karunanidhi, was known to be
— by government’s last esti- forest-dwellers. By the start impact the integrity of country’s a staunch and vocal atheist. His son and
mate in 2009, around 400 of the 21st century, brutal provided under Section 197 of Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 for certain forests. But as Shomona Khanna, a for- the current DMK president M K Stalin is also
million of India’s most and mass-scale evictions categories of public servant.” mer legal advisor to the tribal affairs not known as a believer and has made
marginalised and poor, were carried out in Indian ministry, points out, “A close analysis several remarks against the Brahmins and
THESE INCLUDE:
n No prosecution without sanction from n Anyone who is believed to have
largely tribals — would not forests, the principal cause of its provisions demonstrate that the their customs from time to time. However,
enjoy the same civil liber- of the law and order prob- draft crosses the boundaries of legisla- ahead of the Lok Sabha elections his wife,
ties as the rest of India’s citizens, the lems in central and eastern India. state government. Government to attempted to contravene or abet the tive competence of Parliament, making Durga Stalin, is busy visiting temples such
law provides. Under pressure from civil society, conduct inquiry by executive magistrate contravention of the law to be deemed to huge inroads into the legislative and as the Murugan temple in Palani and the
To underline the ultra-draconian the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) before giving sanction. be in violation of law. executive powers of state governments Meenakshi temple in Madurai to seek the
nature of the law, the Union govern- enacted the Forest Rights Act (FRA) in n Search and seize property even in case the n Burden on proof of innocence to be on over the forest lands.” blessings of these deities for the political
ment has helpfully prepared a table 2006. The new Act did not break down She adds, “In my view, therefore, future of Stalin. She, however, is not the
officer believes there is a likelihood of an accused in several instances. Accused to
demonstrating how the new law is the colonial architecture of the 1927 IFA quite apart from the violation of the only family member of a Dravidian leader
offence being committed. be presumed guilty till proven otherwise.
more stringent than the earlier one but bypassed it in parts. On paper, it FRA and basic principles of criminal to be visiting temples this poll season. Also
(see chart). moderated the powers of the top polit- justice, the Draft Bill needs to be reject- going to these places of worship are the
In a sense, the proposed law repre- ical executive and the forest bureau- however, the political executive and amend the Land Acquisition Act, ed in its entirety because it makes a respective spouses of Chief Minister
sents a continuum of two laws: A cracy by vesting in village councils the bureaucracy clawed back their which would have diluted the rights of complete mockery of the basic consti- Edappadi Palaniswami and his deputy
British-era one and the other enacted statutory power to govern a part of the powers -- the veto for clearing forests land-losers, it backed off. tutional principle of federalism and O Panneerselvam, who are both spiritual
33 years after independence. The 1927 forests over which rights were restored was diluted in several cases, and paper- That was a temporary move. In decentralisation of power.” themselves. Meanwhile, Thirumavalavan,
Indian Forest Act (IFA) summarily to the forest-dwellers. On paper, the work was made so onerous that tribals 2018, the FRA was challenged before The states are expected to respond the president of Viduthalai Chiruthaigal
extinguished all rights of tribals and village councils got a veto over the struggled to prove rights over the lands Supreme Court by some animal rights to the draft by early June. The political Katchi (Liberation Leopard Party) — who is
other forest-dependent communities Union environment minister in decid- they had inhabited for generations. groups, but the Union government ini- dispensation in power will have then often alleged by the right wing as
and gave the colonial power command ing if the forests would be cleared for When the NDA government came to tially sat out the crucial hearings. Then, have an opportunity to decide if forest somebody who opposes Hinduism — was
over the forests (principally to secure industrial purposes. power it tried to undercut the Forest earlier this year, the apex court’s ruling governance should be overhauled to seen visiting a Nataraja temple.
timber). The law enabled the state to By the end of UPA’s second tenure, Rights Act, but after its failure to raised the prospect of evicting more go back in time or move forward.
ON THE JOB > LETTERS
NYAY works against jobs

This new knowledge will enhance their the proposal for minimum income
Connect opportunities confidence level and focus them to be guarantee which is a “noble” concept.
ready for future demands. Like the employment guarantee
Smartphones changed the way masses schemes already in operation, there is
duce its own fast-frequency measures of force participation rate. conduct banking, make all kinds of a case for a comprehensive scheme, if
employment/unemployment. Hopefully, Political parties need to think through payments and even manage their possible outside the government bud-
we will start debating the problem and and make promises to the electorate funds. Similarly, getting ITI students gets, having a few crucial features. First,
not just its measurement. Because, the about their stance on the tradeoff connected with employers would be the target beneficiaries should be from
issue of jobs will not leave centre-stage in between inflation and unemployment very convenient. One victory will pave outside those covered by existing statu-
a hurry. that they hope to achieve. the way for another. tory schemes for social security, and
Politicians need not promise jobs. The Congress has probably assumed N K Bakshi Vadodara those who are in the employable age
They should, however, promise to keep that there is no solution to the jobs chal- group, say the 20-60 bracket consider-
the unemployment rate in control. This lenge. And so it may have deduced that if Deciphering NYAY ing all skilled/unskilled jobs for which
is practical and it is also a sensible jobs cannot be provided, it may at least they will be available on call. The
macroeconomic objective. provide the poor with assured incomes. This refers to “Congress’ NYAY: prospective beneficiaries can be asked
MAHESH VYAS In February 2015, the government of This is a defeatist approach. It is more Unanswered questions” (April 1). The to register with employment registers
India and the Reserve Bank of India signed important to provide jobs to those who minimum income guarantee scheme” or special desks created for the purpose
the Monetary Policy Framework which for- seek jobs than to provide income as doles. This refers to “It’s about jobs” (April 1). is an idea worth pursuing and the debate in offices of the municipal corporations
J
obs has taken centre-stage in this mally adopted flexible inflation targeting Give a man a fish and you feed him for a I appreciate the write up. As far as data on NYAY may survive this election irre- or other authorities.
election. While the government is on in India. Since then, inflation has declined day; teach a man to fish and you feed him of employment is concerned, I feel it spective of the Congress’ fortunes. In Second, the payment should be to
the defence (no pun intended), the and remained in control. The RBI can for a lifetime — goes the old adage. can be captured in steps or in parts. A India, the system is apparently comfort- unemployed members of families
Opposition is gunning hard on the jobs claim success. But, this success may have Governments do find the resources problem cannot be solved immediately able to retain a target catchment area of which have no earning members with
front. The Congress, which was the main come at the cost of high unemployment. to fund their pet projects. The biggest but can be handled in phases. To start people below the poverty line poor and income over a pre-decided threshold
opposition party in the state elections of The monthly unemployment series problem with NYAY (Nyuntam Aay with, the industrial training institutes illiterate, to ensure availability of cheap limit and limited to the real gap
November 2018, made several promises to from CMIE is young as it starts only in Yojana) is not the resources or the across India are doing a marvellous job labour (now rechristened as outsourced between the threshold level and the
provide some relief to select unemployed 2016. Further, the series was disrupted by administrative nightmares of identifying through trainers, technical faculties work) in different sectors. actual. Third, the funding could be from
in its campaigns and reaped benefits. demonetisation which crashed the labour the poor or the perverse impact of and teachers who are making painstak- It is in this context that we are pre- a corpus created by contributions from
But, such promises cannot go very far. force participation rate in the months fol- preservation of the scheme. ing efforts to skill youngsters. pared to dole out a portion of taxpayers’ prospective employers who will benefit
No political party can really promise jobs lowing demonetisation in November The biggest problem with the scheme We have the data of all industrial money to keep a “reserve” of illiterate from the skill development initiatives.
because this is mistakenly construed as a 2016. Data from November 2017, a full is that it will worsen India’s biggest prob- training institutes (ITIs) pan-India. and idle people who will be available on M G Warrier Mumbai
promise for government jobs and the gov- year after demonetisation suggests that lem on the labour front. It will keep the Secondly, data of all the students who call at starvation wages to do unskilled
ernment is not very enthusiastic in offer- the Philips curve seems to be at work in labour force participation rate low or it graduated last year and are still in work without any demand for fair
Letters can be mailed, faxed or e-mailed to:
ing jobs itself. Of course, no party can the short run in India. i.e. low inflation is may even depress it further. We need touch with teachers and friends still wages. The Editor, Business Standard
explicitly promise jobs in the private sec- accompanied with high unemployment. more hands to the till, not less. Feeding in these ITIs can be accessed through The arithmetic which is making the Nehru House, 4 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg
tor. But, they need to do something about This is of course, very preliminary. them without work will keep them away the institutes. author Karan Thapar uncomfortable New Delhi 110 002
this elephant in the room. But, if there is indeed a relationship from work. This would be a structural Thirdly, information about those may be ignored by the common man Fax: (011) 23720201 · E-mail: letters@bsmail.in
Unlike inflation, which has proven between inflation and unemployment at damage to the economy and to society. who are studying in the final semester and any word uttered against NYAY is All letters must have a postal address and telephone
political power, the unemployment rate play in India then law makers need to take India already has among the lowest and will pass in due course will be read- likely to be interpreted as a criticism of number
has historically not been a macro-eco- a stance on the combination of inflation labour force participation rate in the ily available. These data can be cap-
nomic indicator with similar electoral and unemployment they prefer, and not world. NYAY will make it worse. tured and in WhatsApp, we have a > HAMBONE
potency in India. It is worth wondering if just inflation. NYAY is the outcome of India’s neglect great tool to connect students with the
it was a political conspiracy to never mea- Government apologists are busy of the severe jobs challenge that it has industrial belts and factories. By the
sure the unemployment rate as a fast-fre- counting the creation of jobs. But, the been facing. It is best used as a temporary time, the last batch graduates, they
quency indicator so far. If there are no problem is not the creation of jobs — jobs reprieve before we start using the unem- would also get engaged and the process
measurements then there are no argu- are always created. The current problem ployment rate and the labour force par- can be replicated next year. As skill
ments. But, fast-frequency measurement is that on a net basis these are not ticipation rate as macro-economic indi- management trainees are needed in
of the unemployment rate and a host of enough. The important macroeconomic cators of economic and political relevance nearby industries and factories,
other labour market indicators are now metrics are the prevalence of a high along with the inflation rate. WhatsApp groups on smartphones can
well established. CMIE has started this unemployment rate and in the case of do wonders. Now various vacancies
and the government will eventually pro- India also the low and falling labour The author is the MD & CEO of CMIE opening up in industrial belts can be
linked with WhatsApp group of all ITIs.

>
OPINION 9
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Volume XXIII Number 163 ILLUSTRATION: AJAYA MOHANTY

reduced to smoking rubble, ABM systems engage
MUMBAI | TUESDAY, 2 APRIL 2019 incoming ballistic missiles at two levels. An exo-
atmospheric interceptor engages the enemy missile
150 km above the earth. Meanwhile, an endo-atmo-
spheric interceptor provides back-up, engaging the
External stress returns aggressor at 30-40 km altitude. For further assurance,
two interceptors of each kind are launched, increas-
ing the chances of a kill.
Financing current account deficit becomes a problem With every second critical, the key to a successful
ABM engagement is to detect the enemy missile early,
T
he official data is now available for India’s external account in the
giving oneself more time to identify, profile and inter-
third quarter of the financial year 2018-19, between October and cept it. Ideally, surveillance satellites should monitor
December 2018. According to the statistics, the current account enemy territory to pick up the “plume” of the missile
deficit stood at 2.5 per cent of gross domestic product, or GDP. A when it is fired, with detection automatically activating
lower price of crude oil flattered the balance of payments, allowing the current the ABM system. While the DRDO is working on such
account deficit to come down from the dangerously high 2.9 per cent of GDP,
which was recorded for the second quarter of 2018-19, between July and
September 2018. The overall current account deficit for the period between
Fighting for space satellites, the current ABM system relies on the so-
called Long Range Tracking Radar (LRTR), derived
from the Israeli Green Pine radar, which detects aggres-
sor ballistic missiles 1,000 kilometres away.
April and December 2018 stood at 2.6 per cent of GDP, a big step up from the
1.8 per cent of GDP recorded in the same period of the previous year.
The A-SAT test would require two years of preparation, making it The crucial endgame is the exquisitely precise
business of interception. The incoming ballistic mis-
India’s long-term vulnerability to fluctuations in the price of oil and gas hard to argue that it was an impulsive government decision sile would have slowed down to about 2 km/second,
thus continues to be on display. Unfortunately, Indian exports have continued while the interceptor, which has less than two min-
L
to be relatively stagnant, meaning that the current account deficit is dependent ast Wednesday’s anti-satellite (A-SAT) test, in ance system homes the missile onto the strike point, utes to reach 150 km altitude, would be accelerating
almost entirely on global commodity prices. This dependence on external which a Defence Research & Development compensating for variations in launch and during the to the same hypersonic velocity. Given their relative
Organisation (DRDO) interceptor missile mid-course phase. At the end of its 5,000-km journey, velocity of 4 km/second, ensuring that the ABM “kill
energy can only be considered to be a manageable problem if there is solid
destroyed a satellite 300 kilometres (km) above the the Agni-V lands within “a few hundred metres” of its vehicle” explodes within 10 metres of the incoming
and sustainable financing of the current account deficit. However, another earth, raises several questions. There are allegations intended strike point, says the DRDO. missile requires an accuracy of about one-thousandth
structural problem appears to be developing in the Indian economy, one which that the test was politically motivated and conducted A ballistic missile’s actions are all pre-programmed of a second.
enhances the already problematic vulnerability on the external account. with an eye on the coming general elections rather to make it fully autonomous after launch. Receives This has been actually achieved. As the interceptor
Attracting stable capital flows has become increasingly difficult. Net foreign than by any real need to validate and demonstrate commands during its flight would make the missile thunders up towards the incoming missile, an ABM
direct investment has not seen an appreciable increase. In the period between India’s A-SAT capability. Others have argued this vulnerable to enemy disruption. uplink station beams it the target data — its position,
April and December 2018, net FDI was just under $25 billion; in the equivalent underscores the government’s commitment to military velocity and manoeuvres. Powered by its first two sol-
R&D. To grasp the technicalities of the debate, one Anti-ballistic missile (ABM) id-fuel stages, the interceptor guides itself towards the
period of the previous year, it had been just under $24 billion. must understand three interlinked technologies — An ABM system is geared to shoot down ballistic mis- target. Once the “kill vehicle” radar seeker locks onto
NRI deposits have also largely stagnated. India is thus dependent on hot ballistic missiles, ballistic missile defence (BMD) and siles and is deployed around high-value targets like the incoming missile, its liquid fuel “divert thrusters”
money flows — portfolio investment, which is subject to the vagaries of inter- A-SAT interception. cities or national command posts. Detecting, identi- manoeuvre it towards it. At the precise millisecond it
national finance. Between April and December 2018, this hot money largely A ballistic missile works on the fying, profiling and then shooting is closest to the aggressor missile, a proximity fuse
left India. It appears that portfolio investment registered a net drain of capital simplest of principles, akin to the down an incoming ballistic missile detonates the kill vehicle, destroying or disrupting the
of almost $12 billion in the period; in the equivalent period of the previous country fair game of ringing a duck. is highly complex, especially since ballistic missile.
Where a ballistic missile lands the enemy might have fired several
year, there had been a net inflow of almost $20 billion. It is possible that Anti-satellite (A-SAT)
depends largely upon the direction missiles to assure himself of success-
portfolio investment has again reversed in the period since December, but and force with which it is thrown. fully striking the target. Shooting down a satellite requires technologies almost
that only underlines the unmanageable and unpredictable nature of such Typically, a long-range ballistic A missile can theoretically be identical to those that have driven the DRDO’s ABM
flows. The balance of payments has been in deficit for the third quarter in a missile like the Agni-V is stored in, shot down anytime in its trajectory: tests since 2008. One key difference is that a satellite
row as of December 2018. This indicates that, while the earlier danger zone and fired from, a hermetically sealed During its boost, mid-course or ter- is engaged at a higher altitude — at 300 km, rather
for the current account deficit, because of strong capital inflows, was at around canister. At launch, a gas generator minal phases. It is most vulnerable than 30-150 km in the ABM tests. An upgraded propul-
3 per cent of GDP, that danger zone has now been lowered. Even a current inside the canister ejects the 50-tonne during its boost phase, when it is sion system is required to take the kill vehicle up to
missile upwards at 20-25 metres per travelling relatively slowly and can- that altitude.
account deficit of 2.5 per cent of GDP is sufficient to stress the external account
in a scenario in which net FDI has stagnated.
second. Once outside, its massive BROADSWORD not manoeuvre or deploy counter- Further, striking a satellite requires more stringent
first-stage rocket motor ignites, pro- measures. But the boost phase lasts accuracy, since the target moves significantly faster
It is clear that these structural problems need to be more carefully pelling the missile upwards. Within
AJAI SHUKLA for barely 300 seconds (5 minutes), (about 27,000 km per hour) than the incoming ballistic
addressed. The fact that India is nowhere near a crisis at the moment does 30 seconds, it goes supersonic and, a giving an interceptor insufficient missiles simulated in ABM tests. On the other hand,
not mean that there are no signs on the horizon that a crisis has become more minute later, when the first stage finishes and the sec- time to reach a launch area that could be thousands engaging a satellite is easier because it moves along a
probable if conditions were to turn adverse. The next government will have to ond stage ignites, the missile is travelling at five times of km away. well-known flight path and behaves in an entirely pre-
focus on increasing exports and on creating more attractive conditions for the speed of sound. By the time the third stage burns The mid-course phase, which could last 1,200 sec- dictable manner without engaging in evasive manoeu-
out and the “boost phase” finishes, the missile is 1,200- onds (20 minutes), provides a longer window for engag- vres like an incoming ballistic missile.
long-term investment in India.
1,400 km above the earth, moving purely on momen- ing the incoming missile. However, it would still be The timing of the A-SAT test raises other questions.
tum at six times the speed of sound. far away, travelling extremely fast and possibly deploy- On the one hand, a decision to demonstrate A-SAT
That momentum carries the warhead 5,000 km ing decoys. The ABM system must distinguish the capability would require at least two years of DRDO
RBI’s challenges towards the target during its “mid-course phase”, with
gravity progressively pulling it down towards the earth.
While re-entering the atmosphere, intense friction
decoys from the mother vehicle and also identify the
missile, its target and its terminal velocity — parame-
ters essential for engaging the missile.
preparation to translate into a test, making it hard to
argue that this was an impulsive government decision
directed towards electoral benefits. However, it is also
High core inflation and weak transmission key hurdles heats the missile’s nose cone to 3000-4000 degrees The terminal phase, therefore, provides the most hard to argue, as many do, that India was driven to
centigrade. During the 45 seconds of re-entry, the mis- realistic opportunity for engagement. The comput- test for fear of being left out of a space security regime,
T
he main takeaway from the last monetary policy review of the sile’s carbon-resin nose cone sacrifices itself, burning erised ABM command system would have calculated being discussed in Geneva. As Christopher Clary of
Reserve Bank of India in February was a growing realignment off layer after layer and absorbing the heat without engagement parameters and the interceptor missile the University at Albany tweeted: “Isro (Indian Space
between the financial stability concerns of the central bank and passing it on to the warhead inside. must now travel less distance. Further, atmospheric Research Organisation) is a space superstar and India
the economic growth concerns of the Central government. In that During this “terminal stage”, to make the missile’s drag would have slowed down the incoming missile is a nuclear power. There was a zero per cent probability
trajectory unpredictable and difficult to intercept, the significantly. that a space security regime was going to be negotiated
sense, the first policy review under RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das was a sig-
warhead starts manoeuvring. At the same time, a guid- Since any error might result in a city being without India’s buy-in.”
nificant milestone after several months of rather acrimonious interaction
between the two sides. The Monetary Policy Committee’s (MPC’s) decision
in February had two key elements: The repo rate was cut by 25 basis points;
and the MPC altered the RBI’s policy stance from “calibrated tightening” to
“neutral” — a move that led many market participants to start expecting
another rate cut in the April policy review, due to be announced on Thursday.
The political economy of justice
T
he second theorem of welfare economics of public finance, each intimately concerned with permit them to earn a stable and adequate income
To a great extent, a rate cut, especially of another 25 basis points, is likely. posits that any desired income distribution delivering justice in different dimensions. from their occupations, even while there has been a
That’s because the headline retail inflation rate has remained well within can be achieved when an economy is at full The allocation branch seeks to intervene so that quantum expansion in agriculture output. Clearly,
the RBI’s target of 4 per cent, even though it has moved up a tad. It is quite potential by taxing those who earn more than society the price system does not militate against the delivery there has been a failure to deliver “justice as fairness”
possible that the sharp downward revision of the retail inflation rate and wishes and transferring these to those who earn less. of justice. Relative prices regulate both incomes and in the agriculture space. Income transfers to compen-
inflation expectation that marked the February policy may continue to hold I have previously argued that universal basic income affordability, and these must be consistent with secur- sate for the lack of “justice as fairness” will not solve
steady. Beyond inflation worries, a rate cut is also likely for reasons for poor proposals essentially genuflect to this theorem. In ing both types of justice. the problem. Interventions like the elimination of mid-
this column, I address the political economy under- The stabilisation branch ensures that macroeco- dlemen, land reforms and equal access to agricultural
growth. Fitch Ratings has recently cut India’s growth forecast for 2020 to 6.8
lying the transfers recently proposed by the national nomic conditions secure “justice as fairness” and do services are important to secure both types of justice.
per cent from 7 per cent; and Japanese brokerage Nomura says the likelihood political parties. not exacerbate distributive injustice. Income transfers can play a positive role if, and only
of the Indian economy’s growth dropping below 7 per cent in 2020 is very The political economy argument for transfers rests The transfer branch secures a minimum level of if, these allocative interventions work.
high. The key indicators paint a worrying picture. For instance, the index of on the case for justice. John Rawls distinguishes income and/or universal access to public and merit The problem of poverty has been addressed in a
industrial production (IIP) fell by 1.7 per cent in January, as against a 2.6 per between “justice as fairness” and “distributive justice”. goods that would not be secured by relying solely on substantial manner, though not fully, in the course of
cent rise in December. Especially disappointing is the weak performance of The first requires that economic the market mechanism, thus secur- India’s development transformation. However, the
the manufacturing and electricity sectors. Similarly, consumer demand across arrangements are consistent with ing “justice as fairness.” contemporary recognition that the Indian population
equal liberties and equality of oppor- The distribution branch is con- vulnerable to falling into poverty is a multiple of those
urban and rural areas is weakening. Brokerage houses suggest that consump-
tunity. In a growing market economy, cerned with securing justice in dis- actually in that condition points clearly to a failure to
tion across sectors — from cement to steel and from power to automobile — the more inclusive the growth process tributive shares. deliver justice as fairness. There can be no dispute that
has been faltering. Given the dovish policy stance of the US Federal Reserve — the more people participate in, and The motivation behind the desire this is the case when the leading indicators of the
and the overall softening of global growth momentum, the MPC is widely derive benefits from participating in to maximise growth is simply to Indian economy are about things consumed by the
expected to push for another cut this time. delivering economic growth — the increase the economic common- top 10 per cent. Income transfers to the excluded poor
However, there are a couple of worrying details that spoil this clear policy more “justice as fairness” is secured. wealth such that the size of the eco- can only compensate for the lack of “justice as fairness”
prescription. One, while headline inflation remains under control, there has “Distributive justice” is about nomic pie is not a barrier to “justice in the growth process, not address it.
correcting for inherited advantages as fairness”. Recognising that the In both cases, an instrument appropriate to secure
been a growing divergence between the headline numbers, which are lower
that some may enjoy. Thus, differ- market will not secure such justice “distributive justice” is being used to compensate for
thanks to extremely low food inflation, and core inflation (that is, headline ent intellectual or physical capabil-
RATHIN ROY even if the pie grows, a just govern- the failure to deliver “justice as fairness.” This is the
minus food and fuel), which has stayed persistently high. In fact, according ities, and differing inheritances of ment uses the public finances such crux of my concern about these proposals, not their
to the latest reading, there is a whopping 6 percentage point gap between all types of capital can result in unequal distributions that the allocation of resources, the affordability of practicability or affordability which, though important,
the food inflation rate and the core inflation rate. Efficacy of any decision on of the gains from different investments designed to goods that all consume, and overall macroeconomic are procedural matters.
the repo rate would depend essentially on whether core inflation is expected foster capabilities. This needs to be corrected. This management increase “justice as fairness”. Since the I would not be as concerned if the eminence and
is what motivates affirmative action, Piketty’s argu- development of human capabilities is a collective quantum of attention given to the design of these
to lower to the headline inflation level or the other way round. Clearly, there
ment for asset and wealth taxation, and the case for endeavour, the State uses public finances to provide transfers were accompanied by attention as to why,
are no easy answers in this regard. The other key concern is the weak monetary a universal basic income. public and merit goods like health and education. This after 30-plus years of high growth, India, now a giant
transmission in the banking system as is evident from the fact that the last Rawls argues that the first principle takes priority secures inclusive growth and, therefore, “justice as economy, is unable to deliver “justice as fairness”
rate cut in February is yet to reflect in loan and bond rates. Banks say monetary over the second. If the first is not secured then the fairness”. Taxes on assets, occupations, and wealth through productive inclusion. The fact that the only
transmission will remain partial and delayed due to a wide gap between task of dealing with the second is only compounded. are used to finance transfers secure “distributive jus- political response is to compensate those who bear
credit and deposit growth. The MPC needs to take a stand on these two issues Growth without inclusion exacerbates the advan- tice” by alleviating the unfair advantages that unequal the brunt of this failure is, in my view, an abdication
when it announces its decision later this week. tages endowed by unequal access to capital and to capital and intellectual endowments bring to some. of political responsibility.
inheritance. Let us look at the recent debate on transfers pro-
Interestingly, Rawls expresses this in public finance posed by both national parties using this lens. Farmers The writer is director, National Institute of Public Finance and
terms. Following Musgrave, he specifies four branches face injustice due to a variety of causes that do not Policy. Views are personal
EU’s single-currency disaster currency was that a country facing recession

could not devalue to help its companies
selling abroad or tackle unemployment. A
euro-country-in-recession did not have a
of “Grexit” barely two years ago -- euro mem-
bership allowed Athens to borrow heavily
at low interest rates. But when problems
arose, it could not devalue its drachma to
than West European ones. A mere 13 per
cent of Slovak voters cast their ballots in the
2014 parliamentary elections.
That monetary union could depress
By 1968, when the euro was proposed, right to decide how much to spend at home. central bank to revise its interest rates to get out of trouble. The country’s Eurozone growth, undermine the EU’s legitimacy and
West Europe’s post-war economic boom Rich countries like Germany refused to “res- stimulate growth. partners, along with the International exacerbate inequality was known by “pro-
had passed into history. The idea of one cue” unfortunate countries from economic The interest rates set by the European Monetary Fund, simultaneously offered Euro” leaders decades ago. But they ignored
currency across the EU appeared reason- hardship. Conflicts of interest over econom- Central Bank were too high for those of the more low-interest loans and demanded warnings that the euro could do little good
able enough: It would cut international ic issues often triggered political conflicts. ailing Italian economy; too low for Germany. steep cuts in public spending. The austerity and colluded to whitewash or conceal bad
transaction costs for euro-countries. And But “groupthink” resulted in any one oppos- There were no fiscal safeguards to tackle pushed Greece into a deep recession, and economic data.
BOOK REVIEW despite strong popular opposition to the ing the Euro being branded chauvinist and recessions or booms. over the past eight years, the economy has What does the future hold for the euro-
replacement of national currencies, of anti-European. Every risk was downplayed Germany reformed its labour market contracted by a quarter. zone? No matter how inefficient, the mon-
ANITA INDER SINGH which citizens were proud, Chancellor by those favouring the euro. The result: The and overcame the hardships caused by Moreover, the EU’s lack of political legit- etary union cannot be undone. But there is
Helmut Kohl, the architect of German euro has driven deeper the rifts within the reunification. Its exports rose. In contrast, imacy has undermined its institutions. For little chance of making it work better. Dr
Anyone wanting to understand why the reunification in 1990, pushed the euro EU rather than strengthened unity. Italy was plagued by low productivity, instance, to whom would an EU finance Mody foresees the eurozone continuing to
European Union’s single currency area — through on the grounds that countries shar- Most EU member-states have adopted high government spending and declining minister be accountable – to governments move from crisis to crisis, with perhaps the
the Eurozone — has failed to bridge polit- ing a single currency would never go to the euro as their national currency. The job opportunities. Its GDP per person has or to members of the European Parliament? most indebted nations eventually opting
ical divisions within the EU or disappoint- war. He also assured German voters that European Central Bank is the single mone- stagnated since the euro became the offi- This absence of accountability has been out of the single currency.
ed many of the 19 EU countries that opted they would never have to pay for bailing tary authority with a single monetary policy cial currency in 1999. Rome and Brussels exploited by Europe’s far-right parties, rais-
for the euro after its launch in 1999 – out inefficient euro-economies. for the whole euro area. Its primary aim is have often wrangled over budget targets. ing question marks over the future of the The reviewer is a Founding Professor of the Centre
should read Ashoka Mody’s clearly written Those favouring the euro had no idea to maintain price stability. Although eco- Admittedly, Italy’s low growth rates pre- Eurozone — and of the relevance of for Peace and Conflict Resolution in New Delhi
and meticulously referenced Euro where the common currency would take nomic policy remains largely the responsi- dated the euro. Even so, once Europe’s Brussels itself. Website: www.anitaindersingh.com
Tragedy. Dr Mody’s account of the series the Union. To its opponents, the very idea bility of individual euro countries, national second-largest manufacturing hub, euro- The popularity of the elected European
of problems faced by Italy, a Eurozone was economically unsound, because the governments must coordinate their respec- Italy saw the competitive edge of its com- Parliament has also declined. Sixty-two per
member, indirectly throws light on why it mix of fixed exchange rates and central tive economic policies in order to achieve panies shrink. Its leaders were unable to cent of voters cast their ballots in the par-
EURO TRAGEDY
recently became the first West European planning would never work. At no time were the common objectives of stability, growth intervene by devaluing the lira to make liament’s first election in 1979; a mere 43 A drama in nine acts
and G7 country to join China’s Belt and leaders of EU countries willing to surrender and employment. exports cheaper. per cent in 2014. East Europeans have Ashoka Mody
Road Initiative. control over their own tax revenues, or their From the outset, the main flaw of a single As for Greece – which raised the spectre engaged less with the European parliament Oxford University Press, 651 pages; $34.95

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8 EDITORIAL DELHI THE HINDU

TUESDAY, APRIL 2, 2019
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Ensuring access to justice
The Supreme Court must set up more Benches, and disciplinary jurisdiction over lawyers must go back to the judiciary
preme Court sitting only in Delhi made by any Legal Services Auth specifically to the Justices’ atten
has resulted in excellent lawyers ority (LSA), a statutory body to tion. Unfortunately the disciplin
Foggy in Wayanad from other High Courts not ap

pearing before the Supreme
render free legal services to the
impoverished all over India, the la
ary powers available to Bar Coun
cils both in Delhi and in States are
Court, possibly because it casts wyer gets in touch with the victim more often than not ineffective.
Rahul Gandhi’s decision to contest from Kerala too large a monetary burden on and somehow convinces him/her Some are politically motivated and
Ruma Pal
opens up faultlines in the antiBJP front their clients, many of whom are to file a writ petition before the some States do not have disciplin
impoverished. Second, all la High Court to show that without ary committees at all. The disci
R
ahul Gandhi’s decision to choose Wayanad in
GETTY IMAGES/ISTOCKPHOTO
T
he justice system in any de wyers, whatever their calibre or such writ petition the compensa plinary jurisdiction over lawyers
Kerala, in addition to Amethi in Uttar Pradesh, to
mocracy is set up, under the competence, who happen to be in tion will not be disbursed by the was originally with the courts. As
contest, could well be a defining moment in this Constitution to serve the pu Delhi now appear in the Supreme State LSA (SLSA). Ultimately when far as the older High Courts are
election. Though Wayanad was under consideration for blic without “fear or favour, affec Court. Some of the good lawyers the amount of compensation is fi concerned, this is clear from the
at least two weeks, the decision was nonetheless sur tion or illwill” as far as judges are who were able to leave lucrative nally disbursed by the SLSA, the respective Letters Patents under
prising as his principal opponent would be, not his na concerned. Yet the protagonists, practices in the High Courts have lawyer takes credit and shows that which the courts were set up. This
tionallevel ideological rival the BJP, but a party of the as far as India is concerned, in op settled down in Delhi, but they it was because of his noble initia continued till the power was taken
Left, which is in the forefront of the fight for a secular al erating the system have stopped have established a monopoly, and, tive that the victim got the relief, away by the Advocates Act, 1961.
ternative to the ruling formation. This paradox could that very access — judges through as a result, charge unconscionable vices and render services free of and in exchange claims a hefty Significantly, the Law Minister at
lack of prescience, and many la fees even from charitable con cost. They generally obtain a blank share in the compensation. Such that time was Ashoke Sen, a well
turn out to be a central challenge in the emergence of a
wyers through their dishonesty in cerns — sometimes even when cheque from the victim which is lawyers effectively create a per known lawyer. The solution to the
national coalition against the BJP because many parties many forms. they do not appear at the hearing. filled in after credit of the compen ception of rendering a benevolent present situation is to give the dis
that are opposed to the BJP are also opposed to one This is also true of litigating la sation to the bank account of the service by not charging any fees so ciplinary jurisdiction back to the
another. Mr. Gandhi’s gambit amplifies that contradic Revisiting judges’ advice wyers at all levels of the judicial victim. Victims who open bank ac the victim could never suspect courts and to repeal the Advocates
tion and marks a rupture between the Congress and the At an informal meeting, all of the system. The third fallout of the fai counts for the purpose of victim him/her of any malpractice. Inci Act, 1961.
Left Front — fierce opponents in Kerala, but natural then sitting judges of the Supreme lure to act under Article 130 is that compensation are being duped by dentally, according to a study car
partners at the Centre. The national leadership of the Court (including myself ) advised the Supreme Court in Delhi has some of the lawyers who link their ried out by a research organisa The way forward
the then Chief Justice of India to been flooded with work and been or their assistant’s mobile number tion, Vidhi, in the Delhi High Therefore, to hound out the cor
Congress had kept an arm’s length from the highly com
decide against the request of the reduced to a District Court instead to the account so that they can Court, more than 70% of the de rupt lawyers from the system at all
petitive politics in Kerala, where its State unit and the then Central government to sit in of a Court of Final Appeal and Con have access to all the information lays in the disposal of cases are at levels so that justice may be truly
Left are face to face. The exigencies of national politics other places in the country under stitutional Court as envisaged un of the transactions in the bank ac tributable to lawyers, a major rea rendered to the public, I have a
shape their cooperation elsewhere. Only recently, on Article 130 of the Constitution. der the Constitution. count. Some of the lawyers specia son being sometimes unjust pleas few suggestions. First, the Su
Mr. Gandhi’s watch, the Congress was in seatsharing The reason we ( judges) decided lising in victim compensation cas for adjournments. preme Court should reconsider
talks with the Left in West Bengal. Though the Congress against it was because we felt that Unethical lawyers es thus take huge money as a The litigating public and la setting up Benches in different
has said Mr. Gandhi’s candidature is not against the the authority of the Supreme But the fault in actually denying percentage of compensation wyers (including women and stu States in keeping with the recom
Court would get diluted. The rea access to justice to citizens is the amount awarded towards victim dents) — either because they do mendations of the Law Commis
Left, the latter has been brutal in its reaction. The Con
soning, in retrospect, was falla fault of unethical lawyers alone. compensation. Such a practice is not trust the judicial system or sions (125th Report and 229th Re
gress claimed the foray signalled Mr. Gandhi’s commit cious. Many High Courts in this That lawyers are generally dishon frustrating the whole purpose of they distrust lawyers in particular, port). Second, the Bar Council of
ment to all regions. But the choice of Kerala, rather than country have different Benches for est is a wellknown fact. Lawyers victim compensation. The proce or for whatever reason — write India should exercise its powers
Karnataka, where the Congress is locked in a direct bat meting out justice without ‘justice’ are (frequently) humorously dure is similar to that adopted by hundreds of letters to the Chief under the Advocates Act, 1961
tle with the BJP, is difficult to explain. If the Left frontal being ‘diluted’. For example, the called liars, and because they are some advocates dealing with Mo Justice of India and the Chief Jus more effectively. If not, the disci
ly attacked the Congress, the BJP was disparaging. Amit Bombay High Court has four the middlemen between judges tor Accident Claim Cases under tices and Justices of each High plinary jurisdiction must be re
Shah remarked Mr. Gandhi feared he would be held ac Benches — in Mumbai, Auranga and the litigating public, they act Section 166 (application for com Court for relief. Some issues raised turned to the judiciary as was the
bad, Nagpur and Panaji (Goa) — like dishonest brokers. That is why pensation) of the Motor Vehicles in these letters are administrative position prior to the Advocates
countable by Amethi’s voters; and Narendra Modi, in a
and the quality of its decisions or William Shakespeare said, “The Act, 1988. They agree to conduct or statutory in nature. Apart from Act, 1961 by repealing the 1961 Act.
statement with communal overtones, said Mr. Gandhi status have certainly not been di first thing we do, let’s kill all the la the cases without a fee, but in the these letters, hundreds of letters Third, lawyers should be made ir
chose the seat because Hindus were in a minority there. luted thereby. wyers” (Henry VI). This is a some event of compensation being are written to Chief Justices for re relevant by referring more cases to
By fielding Mr. Gandhi from Wayanad, the Congress The number of Benches de what unfair condemnation of granted by the court, the advo lief on the judicial side. Given the trained mediators, as the Supreme
has taken a view that considerations of alliances are pends on the size of the State, the those lawyers who are persons of cates get a certain percentage. huge workload before all judges, it Court has done in the Ayodhya
now secondary to its push to maximise its individual idea being to facilitate easier ac high principles. This is illegal, being a champer is not possible to deal with all let dispute.
tally. The Congress has strong alliances in Maharashtra, cess to justice. The direct conse Some of the lawyers specialising tous agreement. terappeals simultaneously on the
Tamil Nadu and Bihar but a shaky one in Karnataka. Its quence of the wrong decision has in victim compensation cases do In some cases, as soon as an statutory, administrative or judi Ruma Pal is a former Judge, Supreme
been threefold. First, the Su not charge any fees for their ser award of victim compensation is cial side, unless they are drawn Court of India (2000-2006)
U.P. ambitions were rejected by the SPBSP axis; and
differences persist within the party on aligning with the
AAP in Delhi. After the 2004 elections, the Congress be
came the fulcrum of a national coalition, which was
bound by a broad commitment to a pluralist India, as
Deepening insecurity
opposed to Hindutva’s exclusivist and majoritarian pol The buzz around ‘Mission Shakti’ should be an opportunity to review India’s defence strategy
itics. The Left had a significant role in its formation but
is the basis of this belief? And does been three times higher in more modernising its nuclear arsenal.
ended the experiment in 2008 over differences with
it actually work? peaceful countries. This is partly The tragic irony of this trend is
the Congress on the nuclear deal. Statelevel compul
GETTY IMAGES/ISTOCKPHOTO
For more than 100 years now, why, compared to 10 years ago, that nuclear defence, particularly
sions have led regional parties to cross from the BJP to
#70929
scientists and writers of science 102 nations are spending less on with warheads riding on rockets of
the Congress and vice versa, but the primary faultline fiction alike have fostered the illu military as a percentage of their supersonic speed, actually dee
is political mobilisation along religious lines. Without sion that some day humankind GDP. pens insecurity in both countries
clarity of concept on addressing this faultline, there Rajni Bakshi will have a weapon so terrible that But that is a thin silver lining to by causing millions of lives to per
can be no effective cooperation among nonBJP parties. the fear of its impact will end war a grim reality. Ban Kimoon, while petually be at the risk of instanta
for all times. he was UN Secretary General, neous annihilation.
Though it is unfair to put the entire onus of aggregating
A
fter ‘Mission Shakti’ — In said, in 2009, “The world is over All through the Cold War and
nonBJP politics on Mr. Gandhi, his candidacy in Waya dia’s antisatellite test — Deterrence and violence maintain about 1,800 nuclear wea armed and peace is underfunded even now, the MAD doctrine has
nad can do nothing for the larger secular cause. there is a feeling that India Having invented dynamite and un pons in a state of high alert, ready …. The end of the Cold War has led been opposed on both moral and
needs this form of deterrence for leashed it upon the world in 1867, for launch within minutes. the world to expect a massive practical grounds by a variety of
Space for campaign its security. To be visibly strong in
order to deter any enemy from at
Alfred Nobel believed that “the
day when two army corps can an
According to the Global Peace
Index, in 2017, the economic im
peace dividend. Yet, there are over
20,000 nuclear weapons around
disarmament and peace groups.
The most prominent of these, War
EC went by rule book on ASAT issue, but PM tacking is a concern that goes back nihilate each other in one second, pact of violence globally was esti the world. Many of them are still Resisters’ International (WRI),
to prehistoric times. But when all civilized nations, it is to be mated at about $14.76 trillion, on hairtrigger alert, threatening which will turn 100 in 2021, has 90
should have upheld the spirit of Model Code this ancient urge is exerted by na hoped, will recoil from war and which was 12.4% of global GDP. our own survival.” affiliated groups in 40 countries.
tions with nuclear weapons, it discharge their troops”. Since 2012, there has been a 16% According to the website of the Such groups ceaselessly serve as a
I
n ruling that Prime Minister Narendra Modi did not
violate the Model Code of Conduct by announcing must be an occasion to revisit the Since then incalculably more increase in the economic impact International Campaign to Abolish counter to all those who glamorise
arms race, the Mutually Assured destructive weapons, including of violence largely due to the con Nuclear Weapons (ICAN), the fai or justify war or an arms race.
through a nationally televised address the demon
Destruction (MAD) doctrine and nuclear bombs and chemical wea flicts in Syria, Afghanistan and lure of the nuclear powers to dis Above all, they constantly draw at
stration of India’s capability to bring down an opera their longterm implications. pons, have been deployed but this Iraq. arm has heightened the risk that tention to the fact that the only
tional satellite, the Election Commission has taken a The doctrine emerged during has not ended war. On the con It is vital to note that having other countries will acquire nu true security lies in dissolving en
possibly correct view of the Code’s provisions. Howev the Cold War in the mid20th cen trary, the invention of increasingly competing weapons, in terms of clear weapons. In 2017, the ICAN mity by going to the roots of any
er, it remains a narrow technical view as it is a thin line tury when the U.S. and the erst deadly weapons has fuelled a glo quality and quantity, has not acted was awarded the Nobel Peace conflict.
that divides the idea of making a highlevel declaration while U.S.S.R. had stockpiled so bal arms race. as a deterrent either in the Israeli Prize. Once the joy about India’s
of a defence capability from using it for electoral advan many nuclear weapons that if Globally, the annual spend on Palestinian conflict or in the Syr technological achievements, in
launched, the weapons could des armaments is now estimated to ian war or the prolonged conflict Double-edged sword the realm of missiles, has settled
tage. Opposition parties had accused the Prime Minis
troy both nations many times over. stand at about $1.7 trillion. Esti in Colombia. What did finally end Theoretically, MAD is supposed to down, perhaps attention can shift
ter of violating the Model Code by touting the demon Since there was eventually a mates of the total number of nu the conflict in Colombia, after al eliminate the incentive for starting to the much bigger challenge of
stration of the antisatellite (ASAT) missile test as a ‘détente’, or a relaxation of hostil clear weapons in the world range most 50 years, was a protracted a conflict but it also makes disarm seeking answers to a key question:
significant achievement of the ruling BJP. CPI(M) gener ities between the two, it is tempt from 15,000 to 20,000, with each process of negotiation between all ing almost impossible. This is part what really makes us, the world a
al secretary Sitaram Yechury had formally complained ing to think that MAD is a valid one of these weapons being far parties of the conflict. ly why, long after the Cold War whole, more secure?
to the EC. There were questions about the timing of the doctrine that should continue to more powerful than the bombs The Global Peace Index also ended, the U.S. is poised to spend
test as well as the manner of announcement as the be applied by all countries with dropped by the U.S. on Japan in shows that over the last 70 years enormous amounts of money over Rajni Bakshi is the author of ‘Bapu Kuti:
nuclear weapons capability. What 1945. The U.S. and Russia still the per capita GDP growth has the next 10 years in updating and Journeys in Rediscovery of Gandhi’
country is in election mode. A fivemember committee
formed by the EC concluded that the relevant provision
was not attracted in this case. Part VII of the Code co LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Letters emailed to letters@thehindu.co.in must carry the full postal address and the full name or the name with initials.
vering the “party in power” says that “…the misuse of
official mass media during the election period for parti Rahul from Wayanad surprise that Mr. Gandhi is is a supporter of a secular keeping out of Kerala and State. There are examples we are faced with such a
san coverage of political news and publicity regarding That the complexity of looking at another seat. dispensation at the Centre. exhibiting the same grace from the past of political miserable situation. Studies
achievements with a view to furthering the prospects of political alliances varies However, one is surprised by The Kerala PCC’s enthusiasm and maturity shown by the leaders who have contested have shown that buildings,
from State to State has the indignation being after the announcement is to Bahujan Samaj Party and the from two parliamentary roads and other hard
the party in power shall be scrupulously avoided.” The
always been an acceptable expressed by rival hide or end the groupism Samajwadi Party (by not seats and emerging surfaces absorb and store
committee’s finding that there was no “misuse of offi norm but the candidature politicians. When the Prime with the State Congress unit. fielding candidates in Rae victorious in both. Elections heat whereas vegetation
cial mass media” as Doordarshan and AIR took the feed of Congress president Minister chose to contest B. Prabha, Bareli and Amethi in U.P.). are to be fought on bread reflects heat. China has
from a news agency, and more than 60 channels did the Rahul Gandhi for the from Vadodara and Varanasi Varkala, Kerala Perhaps the Congress might and butter issues instead of realised rather late in the
same, is rooted in the letter of the code, not its spirit. Wayanad constituency in in 2014, it was hailed as a have anticipated a similar personality politics and day. Its vertical forests —
It is possible to come to an equally valid conclusion Kerala has kicked up a masterstroke. But when Mr. ■ The decision is a clear gesture from the Left in sectarian issues. buildings that are designed
that Mr. Modi’s action in making the announcement controversy and given the Gandhi does it now, it is indication of the fear of Kerala. The electorate will B. Suresh Kumar, to incorporate lush greenery
himself, rather than letting the DRDO, the agency in ammunitionstarved BJP called desperation. Finally, defeat in the Congress party. wonder whether it is worth Coimbatore along their facades, with
something to deride the the Election Commission There can be no comparison exercising their franchise in trees and hedging sprouting
volved, do so violates the bar on “furthering the pros
Opposition about. While must explore the possibility with the Prime Minister favour of a hotchpotch of Water distress from external gardens — are
pects” of the ruling party by the nature of the publicity the barbed criticism of the of recovering the cost of the Narendra Modi’s move to parties that do not want to As water sources in south now being seen as solutions
given to the achievement. The practice of using a priv Left is justifiable, the second election in either one contest from two seats in see eye to eye with each India begin to show signs of to tackle its deadly smog and
ate agency to record the announcement and asking it to Congress should not allow of the constituencies in the 2014. He was a firsttimer other. Despite being severe distress and pollution. The key issue is
share the feed , obliquely serves the purpose of generat things to go out of control event of the candidate with no traditional Lok perceived to be on a sticky exploitation, the focus the availability of water; the
ing publicity through the official media. As the legal as the BJP is always on the winning in both. It does Sabha seat. Only time will tell wicket due to its mediocre should move to best time to prepare and
maxim goes, what cannot be done directly cannot be lookout for a fallout impose a wasteful whether the Left in Kerala performance, the NDA environmentalists who have plan for water conservation
amongst the Opposition expenditure of public funds. will play a friendly match. suddenly finds itself at an been struggling to point out is before the monsoon.
done indirectly either. Given that Mr. Modi gave ad
parties (Page 1, “Left Anand Aravamudhan, The move does also raise advantage due to egoistic that dwindling green cover Rainwater harvesting has
vance publicity to the announcement, there is really no unhappy as Congress says Chennai interest about the electoral and unrelenting Opposition and shrinking water bodies been partly successful.
virtue in claiming that DD and AIR were not used for the Rahul will contest Wayanad fortunes of the dynasty. leaders. are issues within our control. Nagarajamani M.V.,
purpose. As a landmark achievement in defence re too”, April 1). It is ■ The move is a blunder as it Dr. Jai Prakash Gupta. V. Subramanian, Rampant real estate Hyderabad
imperative that the sends the message that the Ambala Cantt., Haryana Chennai development and

search, it deserved a public pronouncement at a high more letters online:
level. Even then, letting the DRDO explain the achieve Congress and the Left sort Congress is not secular. The concretisation are also why www.hindu.com/opinion/letters/
ment first would have served the purpose. That the mo out their differences and point is that in north India, ■ The Congress party, which ■ The stringent opposition, corrections & clarifications:

concentrate on the task at the Congress follows the failed in its attempt to form a especially from the Left,
tive was to proclaim the ASAT demonstration as an The headline of a story (April 1, 2019, some editions) regarding
hand — to stop the BJP’s same Hindutva agenda that Mahagathbandhan before primarily stems from that the PSLV mission read: “PSLV to launch military’s eye in the sky.” It
achievement of the regime in the field of national secur from getting another term. the BJP does. The way the the elections, has made sure desperate realisation of the should have said military’s monitor.
ity became obvious when it was propagated by the rul G.B. Sivanandam, Congress is campaigning in that political disunity and rich electoral dividends that In “Dramatic win for Hamilton” (Sport, April 1, 2019), the refer
ing party that its predecessor did not have the political Coimbatore Uttar Pradesh is an acrimony will continue even the Congress would stand to ence to Sergio Perez of Racing Line should be corrected to read as
will to approve such a test. The BJP must demonstrate it indication of this. Contesting after the elections. The party reap/gain, which could have Sergio Perez of Racing Point.
will not use such achievements for partisan advantage. ■Opportunism and politics from Wayanad will result in a should have shown some farreaching ramifications in The Readers’ Editor’s office can be contacted by Telephone: +91-44-28418297/28576300;
go hand in hand and it is no contest with the LDF, which political expediency by all constituencies of the E-mail:readerseditor@thehindu.co.in
CM
A ND-NDE
YK
THE HINDU
TUESDAY, APRIL 2, 2019
DELHI
OPED 9
The politics of enmity Chowkidars are those

We must reject the idea that membership in a group comes with an enemy to be fought who protect the rich
and despite deep differences on ma
ny matters, everyone also shares so Why the BJP campaign is on the mark
mething in common. This ‘common’
can be our humanity, national ethos, When the Indian economy was feudal,
Constitution, or shared civilisational these activists mobilised support for the feu
values, nurtured through history. For dal lords. After it became mainly capitalist
Rajeev Bhargava example, in India, the value of plu following the globalisation and liberalisation
ralism, acceptance and accommoda phase, they stood by the growing crony cap
Indian elections have become less tion, of refusing to view the world in italists. Their only concern was that these
violent over the last three decades. terms of simple binaries has faced Kancha Ilaiah Shepherd crony capitalists should back the Hindutva
The credit for this must go not only challenges from time to time by nar ideology.
to institutions such as the Election rowminded, rigid, hierarchyridden, This is not to say that the Congress has not
Commission but also to the political upper caste practices (often termed Prime Minister Narendra Modi calls himself a supported monopoly capital. But during the
class. Yet there is another disturbing Brahminism because it was legitimat chowkidar. What he has done is tell the na freedom struggle and till the 1970s, the Con
tendency, potentially replete with ed by scholarly Brahmins), by close tion and the world the truth. Chowkidars ex gress had some serious ideological relation
violence, that has been growing dur minded religious orders which ac ist mostly in Asian countries where poor ship with the socialist welfare agenda. It
ing the same period: to view political companied Afghan and Turk invad men work as protectors of the rich. In India, wanted to build state capital. From Nehru
opponents as enemies to be annihi ers and marauders, and by ruthlessly only about 0.5% of the population have vian democratic socialism to Indira Gandhi’s
lated. One gets a flavour of this in slo exploitative colonialists. More re watchmen, who are called chowkidars. Only abolition of Privy Purses and bank nationali
gans such as ‘Congressmukt Bharat’, cently, heartless multinational cor poor, lower caste people — Dalits, Other sation, the Congress engaged with the idea
but more than in statements, it is “The strain of exclusionary nationalism has permeated South Asian cultures, an porations have also damaged this Backward Classes and Adivasis — take up this of some sort of social and economic equality.
present in the tone of some speakers, example being the expulsion of the Rohingya from Myanmar.” A Rohingya ethos by mindlessly turning everyth job, and that too when no However, after Emergency,
in their body language and in the fe refugee camp in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. GETTY IMAGES *
ing into a commodity to be bought other work for survival is its credibility began to
rocity in their eyes. and sold in the capitalist market. But available. That the job is erode. When Rajiv Gandhi
GETTY IMAGES/ ISTOCK PHOTO

ing to crusades, the inquisition, the with the friendenemy syndrome is exclusionary ultranationalists (as tied to caste was evident became Prime Minister, a
Friends and enemies expulsions of Jews, and to the final fundamentally undemocratic. Know distinct from inclusive, moderate na in Rajya Sabha MP Subra slow pace of privatisation
The proNazi, but important legal solution of the concentration camps; ing the difference between an enemy tionalists) must not be left out of this manian Swamy’s state started. Once the P.V. Nara
and political theorist, Carl Schmitt, and outside Europe, in the liquida and an adversary is absolutely criti nefarious list. They too are hell bent ment. Mr. Swamy recently simha Rao government was
made the friendenemy distinction tion, for example, of native Ameri cal in a functioning democracy. An on throttling our civilisational values said that he cannot join ushered in, the privatisa
as constitutive of politics itself. To be cans. Some detect the same ideologi adversary is someone one wishes to and democratic ethos. the BJP’s ‘Main Bhi Chow tion process picked up,
political was necessarily to work with cal underpinning even in the defeat in a temporary contest such as kidar (I am also a watch without giving up the idea
a distinction between an extreme neoconservative war on Iraq. Per a legal combat or a game of cricket. Protecting our civilisation man)’ campaign as he is a of a mixed economy.
version of us and them, friends and haps, its most recent expression is in To wish to trounce an opponent in an As groups grow in size, they invent Brahmin. Being a chowkidar is a lowpaying Through all these phases, the RSS and Jan
enemies. Not only was this distinc the violence exhibited by Islamist or election is entirely legitimate. On the rules to regulate behaviour, formu job with little job satisfaction — after all, a Sangh opposed state capital; they opposed a
tion the decisive criterion of the pol ganisations such as the Islamic State. other hand, an enemy is someone to late authoritative norms, install a chowkidar has to stand at the gate of a rich mixed economy. It was only after Indira
itical but even within this relation However, this mindset is no longer be destroyed permanently. Adversar structure of authority and, above all, man or woman’s house all day and protect it. Gandhi imposed Emergency that they
ship, enmity had priority over confined to strands of Abrahamic ies can be won over, turned into al evolve some criteria of who is in and No chowkidar serves the poor. The poor do gained some credibility among the poor, and
friendship: Those not on our side, or theology; it has crept into other reli lies, but enemies cannot. A compro who is out, of insiders and outsiders. not have anything that needs protection. this was because they joined hands with the
disloyal to us, are automatically, irre gions and even been secularised. It is mise with an adversary is acceptable, Let us even agree that there is no socialist leader Jayaprakash Narayan. Other
deemably, enemies. In doing so, found in the 20th century in both fas even praiseworthy. On the other ‘self ’ without an ‘other’. But rules Protecting the rich wise they never moved away from the rich.
Schmitt reduced all politics to war. At cism and Stalinism and more perva hand, with an enemy, a compromise can be rigid or flexible, a challenge to When I say Mr. Modi is speaking the truth, I They never moved away from serving capi
least war is an everpresent possibili sively in a host of ultranationalisms spells defeat, an unacceptable con norms can be tolerated or punished refer to the people he has been protecting as talist and feudal interests.
ty in politics, he claimed, and there that have led to ethnic cleansing and cession, a betrayal. The world of ad severely, and the ‘other’ can be Prime Minister — the rich, the top industrial
fore a political person must conduct genocide in several parts of the versaries in a democracy does not in viewed as a temporary adversary in a ists. Those who are trying to establish a Hin Disintegration of feudalism
himself as if surrounded by enemies. world, including Indonesia, Cambo volve a zerosum game; no one loses healthy contest, someone with who dutva state and economy are doing so for the Luckily for them, by the 2014 Lok Sabha
Schmitt was exploiting a distinction dia and Rwanda. This strain of exclu everything or forever. There are no one can also have a fruitful dialogue, rich. The BJP/RSS Ministers and cadres have election, feudalism got disintegrated. The
perfected by some strands within sionary nationalism has permeated permanent losers or victors; each or one with who conversation is im no hesitation in joining the ‘Main Bhi Chow crony capitalists were impatient with the
Abrahamic religions that invented China where undercurrents of Han competitor wins some and loses possible, a permanent enemy. This kidar’ campaign. The BJP and the RSS have Congress culture of slow privatisation. They
the idea of an ‘extrasystemic other’, nationalism have virtually turned Ti some in a fair contest. But all rules of idea that membership in a group never believed in socioeconomic equality. found in the BJP those who could protect
a radical other with whom no con betan Buddhists and Uighur Muslims fairness can be abandoned in a fight comes with an enemy to be fought While it is true that BJPRSS activists have al them.
versation is possible, one who is out into extrasystemic others or ene with an enemy. In this hostile scena was a powerful resource in the doc ways worked to help people during natural Of course, some propoor policies are ta
side one’s semantic universe. Those mies. It has infected South Asian cul rio, all politics is nothing but war. trines of some religions has slowly ta calamities, they have never worked for the ken by the government too — for poor farm
who do not adhere to the doctrine tures too, causing the partition of the It is often heard that in politics ken root in Asian religions, including upliftment of the poor. They have never or ers and labourers. This is only because if this
defining the system are enemies to ‘subcontinent’, ethnic cleaning of Ta there are no permanent friends or modern Hinduism. It has now en ganised the agrarian poor or the urban poor is not done, a revolution could break out.
be fought. Internal dissent too is mils in Sri Lanka and the expulsion enemies. This may well appear to be tered our democratic politics. If it in order to increase their daily wages. Whe And if a revolution does occur, leave alone
anathema, akin to betrayal, of join of the Rohingya from Myanmar. In opportunistic in some contexts but it stays there, it will utterly destroy the never there have been strikes by workers, the chowkidars, even the police cannot pro
ing the camp of the enemy, signifying India, the frequent use of the term is the very stuff of democratic politics atman of our civilisation and the as- they have sided with the management, never tect their economy.
treachery. Felt as existential threats, ‘antinational’ for those critical of the where everyone hopes that today’s titva of democracy. Everyone across with the workers. Their student wing, the The 2019 elections will decide what the
both outsiders and deviant insiders current dispensation smells of the losers can be tomorrow’s victors and religious differences must strive to Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad, has nev masters do. If the chowkidars come to power
must be ‘converted’, brought in line same fatal disease. How to deal ideo vice versa. Everyone, not only active fight it. All democrats, if they wish to
#70929
er organised seminars or conferences on with their full backing, more decisions will
or altogether expunged. logically with this seems to me one of political agents but also ordinary citi save their cherished system, must how to improve the living conditions of the be taken to increase the gap between the
This horrendous resource within the great challenges of our times. zens, is assured that no matter which defang it before it is too late. marginalised. Nor has it organised meetings masses and the rich.
these traditions, when deployed un party wins, the fundamental inter for social and economic justice. It has, in
der certain conditions, has played Enemies and adversaries ests and liberties of all, the majority Rajeev Bhargava is Professor, Centre for the fact, opposed progressive meets on Kancha Ilaiah Shepherd is a political theorist, social
havoc in large parts of Europe lead Obviously, a mentality inebriated as well as the minority, are secure, Study of Developing Societies, New Delhi campuses. activist and author
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
SINGLE FILE FROM ARCHIVES
Taking a cue from Japan FIFTY YEARS AGO APRIL 2, 1969
Wrong Air-India folder to be withdrawn

How India can bridge the Belt and The Union Minister for Tourism and Civil Aviation, Dr. Karan
Road divide with China Singh, expressed regret in the Lok Sabha today [April 1, New
Delhi] that a folder produced by Air India in collaboration with
Atul Aneja the BOAC and Thomas Cooks to attract foreign tourists had in
dicated that India, Kashmir and Nepal were separate coun
As the countdown begins for the se tries. The Minister was earlier taken by surprise when Mr. In
cond edition of the Belt and Road drajit Gupta flourished the pamphlet and asked whether there
Forum (BRF) later this month, Beij was any kind of check to stop this kind of giving wrong infor
ing is jubilant. Last month, China mation that India, Kashmir and Nepal were three separate
demonstrated that President Xi countries whereas Kashmir was an integral part of India. Mr.
Jinping’s Belt and Road Initiative Gupta demanded to know who authorised this production,
(BRI) had steamed into the heart of whether anybody in Government had seen the text and what
Europe. Late last month, during
AP
action would Government take to see that such a piece was not
President Xi’s Europe visit, Italy be put out. Dr. Karan Singh said that he was distressed to learn
came the first G7 country to formally subscribe to the China that Air India had produced such a pamphlet. It had not come
led BRI. The Chinese have interpreted Rome’s decision as a to his notice so far.
historic event that revives ties between the European and
Chinese civilisations. During his visit, President Xi also
spoke about joint venture prospects in other countries, in A HUNDRED YEARS AGO APRIL 2, 1919.
cluding in Africa. That apparently tickled a nostalgic nerve
in European capitals, where it has been difficult to separate CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
A Farewell in Madras
the guilt of colonisation from a whiff of romance. The geo DATA POINT
political subtext of the visit is also fairly obvious. With its ties Two gentlemen long connected with the Madras Christian Col
with the U.S. souring, China is making a bold move to chip lege are leaving Madras for good in the persons of Mr. J.R. Hen
away at the real or contrived faultlines of the TransAtlantic derson, C.I.E., and the Rev. the Hon’ble Mr. G. Pittendrigh.
Alliance. As in 2017, when there were plenty of red faces in Whether as Professor in the Christian College for a quarter of a
China when India did not grace the BRF, there is once again century, or as Superintendent of the Madras Government Mu
a fear in Beijing that New Delhi may repeat the embarrass seum, Mr. Henderson has done valuable and enduring work.
ment. India had stayed out because of sovereignty concerns An active member of the University Senate, as Hony. Secretary
as the ChinaPakistan Economic Corridor, the flagship of the of the Victoria Technical Institute, both those institutions have
BRI, passes through Pakistanoccupied Kashmir. The ques profited by his zeal and experience... In Mr. Pittendrigh the
tion then arises whether there is third way out of the pro student world loses a ripe and able educationalist. He is a
blem that would allow India to hold on to its position against warm friend of the Young Men’s Christian Association. Mr. Pit
official participation, but yet convey to the Chinese that New tendrigh was given a cordial sendoff at a farewell meeting yes
Delhi has no ingrained illwill towards the BRI. terday.
Perhaps, New Delhi can pull a leaf out of Japan’s play
book. In 2017, after Tokyo had decided that it needed to re CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
build bridges that had collapsed following a maritime dis
pute over a few East China Sea islands, Japanese Prime Mi
POLL CALL
nister Shinzo Abe decided to send his trusted party ally, Electronic voting machine (EVM)
Toshihiro Nikai, to China. Mr. Nikai, the secretary general of
the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, though an established EVMs replaced the paper ballot system in the Kerala State
heavyweight, was technically not a part of government. His elections in 1982 and are now used during Lok Sabha and As
presence signalled that Tokyo continued to have reserva sembly elections. EVMs are easy to operate, reliable, elimi
tions about the BRI, but was nevertheless open to an en nate the possibility of invalid votes, make the process of
gagement with the enterprise, provided a course correction counting faster, and are easier to transport compared to ballot
was carried out in the future. Significantly, Mr. Nikai’s dele boxes. Only two Indian public sector units manufacture
gation included the head of Keidanren, Japan’s Business EVMs: Bharat Electronic Limited and the Electronics Corpora
Federation lobby — a pointer that its current misgivings tion of Indian Ltd. EVMs contain a control unit, which is with
apart, Japan could be open to business within the ambit of the polling officer, and a balloting unit, which the voter enters
the BRI. in order to cast her vote. Names and symbols of parties are
Taking the cue from Japan, Prime Minister Narendra Mo shown on the machine and the voter presses the button next
di can also tap an influential party heavyweight to lead an to the party of her choice.
Indian nonofficial delegation to the BRF, along with busi
ness leaders and reputed scholars. A mature and pragmatic CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
3
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Indian response, which keeps the door open for a future
partnership with the BRI, may help keep afloat the reset MORE ON THE WEB
achieved last year following the informal summit between
Mr. Modi and Mr. Xi in Wuhan. Quiz que c’est?
Atul Aneja is The Hindu’s China correspondent http://bit.ly/QuizCest
CM
A ND-NDE
YK
08 OPINION THE TRIBUNE

CHANDIGARH | MONDAY | 1 APRIL 2019
The March 31 syndrome

THE TRIBUNE established in 1881
There’s rush to meet target, even by defence public sector undertakings
So, substandard work ensues, else
why the repeated and enhanced
number of acceptance flights? And
Rocky road to Kartarpur last, but more importantly, a degra-

dation in ethics and morals to claim
kudos for a job not well done and
Khalistani elements on panel raise doubts over intent not on time; when such scruples are
P
scuppered in an aviation company,
AKISTAN is back to its old crafty ways of playing divisive commu- AIR VICE MARSHAL MANMOHAN
BAHADUR (RETD) we are asking for trouble. An exam-
nal politics with India. The grand announcement of the Kartarpur ple should explain this.
corridor proposal and subsequent talks have seen Pakistan hag- ADDL DIRECTOR GENERAL, CENTRE FOR AIR
As the Assistant Chief of Air
POWER STUDIES, NEW DELHI
gle over the number of pilgrims, mode of entry, and who actually qual- Staff looking after helicopters, I
ifies as a pilgrim. Wanting to have complete control over entry, Pakistan was to accept the first three Chee-
T
is keen only on Sikhs, ignoring the reverence Hindus, too, have for the HE 31st of March has great tal helicopters on behalf of the IAF
Sikh Guru; is opposed to foot-crossing; and wants to deny access to peo- significance for any manu- — it was the month of March 2009!
ple of Indian origin with the PIO/OCI card. In the latest, and one that facturing company. If a civ- On reaching Barrackpore a day
raises grave doubts over its intentions, it has come to India’s knowl- il commercial company prior to the handing over, I saw
edge that Pakistan has on its 10-member Kartarpur panel ‘Khalistani meets its sales target by this last tents, streamers, banners et al, all
elements’. Piqued, and rightly so, India has objected to their nomina- day of the financial year, it is a set for a festive official handing-
tion to the Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. Pak- feather in the cap of its head, who over ceremony to the IAF, with the
gets a good evaluation from his BEFORE TIME: The yearly output efficiency benchmark of every DPSU needs to media invited for sure. A casual
istan’s ‘move’ does nothing to address the yawning trust deficit.
boss. This pressure of meeting the be changed from production to acceptance by the Services. question on how the three helicop-
Known better as ISI stooges, these mischievous elements have
deadline percolates down, as he ters were performing drew an
no personal or institutional integrity or credibility. They are learnt
to have made inflammatory statements against India from time to
evaluates the second tier of officers
who, in turn, do this for the next
At HAL, for instance, there are long delays, lack of answer that none were servicea-
ble, and ‘Sir, after your accept-
time, including the advocacy of violence against it. This is sure to level, and so on. If it is a question of accountability, an increased workload in the last ance they would be rectified.’
rile any sovereign country. Kartarpur is an emotionally loaded sub- a company making soaps and This was blasphemous to a serv-
ject for Punjab. If Pakistan is truly sincere about its efforts, it must shampoos or any commercial prod-
quarter and flexible work ethics, resulting in overtime ice officer’s ethics and on my
prove so beyond any measure of doubt. Cooking its goose by stok- uct, a sales shortfall affects its rev- work — and payment of course! threat to take the next day’s
ing the communal fire will be counterproductive for any meaning- enues — and people lose their jobs. morning flight back to Delhi, HAL
ful going-forward. This is true of the private industry, worked late hours to bring one air-
PM Imran Khan’s corridor offer was, irrefutably, a welcome depar- but unheard of in the public sector Defence Minister and earn her aircraft rolled out by it, and the craft on line. Remember, all was
ture from the standard script. Sensitive to the religious sentiments of — certainly not in defence public accolade. As an old fogey, who has litany of unserviceabilities and set for a publicity blitz, and the
Sikhs, India took up the offer — even in a charged atmosphere post Uri sector undertakings (DPSUs), dealt with tricks that DPSUs play snags necessitating repeated air management would have had to
— albeit with guarded enthusiasm, because it was ‘open-ended’, with because here it is the production with the gullible public at large, tests before final acceptance will face the flak. So, one aircraft was
target that is set! And, there may I request her to hold back her flow; and this is true not only for taken over amidst much clapping
a promise of easy round-the-year entry. But the fact that Pakistan is
is a big difference between sales appreciation till HAL confirms overhauled aircraft, but also and photographs; the second one
unwilling to accommodate India’s requests and address its security
and production. when the 16th aircraft is accepted brand-new ones. The delay in took a few more months and the
concerns gives credence to the sneaking suspicion about its real agen- Let us take Hindustan Aeronau- by the IAF for squadron service? acceptance sometimes extends first ferry to Leh happened in
da. Pakistan can’t bring to the table its worn-out, rusty tricks. It is a tics Limited (HAL) — the only avia- That event, which corresponds to eight to nine months, necessitat- August, a delay of five months!
game which two can play. But then, it will be no passage to peace. tion company of India in which the a sale, should be the yardstick by ing many more flights (sometimes Par for the course, one can say,
IAF has great stakes. On March 25 which the efficiency of every 10 plus) than only two or three, and would continue to be so if the
this year, a tweet from HAL DPSU should be judged. The which should suffice if the work- MoD does not demand and check
announced that ‘HAL has pro- Defence Minister should also ask manship is as per standards. honesty in work ethics.
Farmers draw attention duced 16th LCA of IOC Contract as

per the target till March 31, 2019.
The customer flights are expected
for comparative figures of over-
time paid to employees per quar-
ter. Why? Please read on.
There are three reasons for this.
First, a lack of accountability in the
first three quarters to meet quarter-
So, in the case of the Tejas claim
(of the production target of 16 air-
craft having been met), the Rak-
Punjab’s political players must pay heed soon (emphasis added).’ The tweet Media reports have highlighted ly production figures. No one is sha Mantri may please reserve her
was marked to people in the Min- how the IAF has repeatedly point- punished for the delay. Second, the kudos, as also change the yearly
N
OT ones to be taken in again by the tall promises that the politi- istry of Defence (MoD), conveying ed out to the MoD the below-par resultant increased workload in the output efficiency benchmark of
cal parties are prone to dangle during election times as they woo to the bosses that the company’s work of HAL many a time in serv- last quarter, especially as March 31 every DPSU from production to
the electorate, Punjab farmers have decided to extract assurances target had been met. icing of aircraft to meet produc- approaches, coupled with flexible acceptance by the Services. Else,
from their prospective representatives in the Lok Sabha. They are this The Secretary of Defence Pro- tion targets. Ask any IAF pilot work ethics results in overtime it would be overtime, as usual,
time wary of being tricked into supporting candidates making enticing duction would surely inform the who has gone to HAL to accept an work — and payment of course! every 31st March.
declarations. Over the years, the promised moon has remained elusive.
Their plight has gone worse, with agrarian distress deepening. They have
had enough of the attractive-enough schemes turning into their watered-
down versions on ground or being dismissed as poll jumlas later. They
feel cheated as both the Capt Amarinder Singh government and the Modi
Sarkar have faltered on their promises, such as doubling farm income
and raising MSPs. Discontent has been their lot, especially of the land-
All have it in them to be a Picasso
Rashmi Kalia are? And why is it that most of us and so does art. And that is what but we forsake our creativity as we
less, small and marginal farmers — be it regarding better price for agri- lose the artist in us as we grow up? defines one artist from the other. grow up. Creativity is ‘educated’
B
cultural produce, implementation of the Swaminathan Commission rec- EFORE children talk, they To understand this, we need to Some are born with a bigger share out of our system by the ideological
ommendations, loan waivers, payments etc. sing. Before they write, they first dispel the notion that art con- of knowledge of our emotions than barriers of school and society.
Just as electioneering picked steam, the Kisan Mazdoor Sang- draw. As soon as they stand, cerns itself only with the deepest others. Some are more in touch To date, art remains a clouded
harsh Committee launched its state-level ‘jail bharo andolan’ on Sat- they dance.’ We are all quick to pro- and loftiest of human realities. with their feelings. And that is pre- subject. How it develops in each
urday with the first batch of 54 farmers offering to court arrest in Fer- fess that we can’t even draw a stick There is a place in art for the full cisely what distinguishes an artist one of us is subject to our individ-
ozepur. The agitating farmers are demanding a complete waiver of figure, but forget that we were all born range, and the most trivial of emo- from the one born with art as a form ual experiences, upbringing,
loans, return of the blank cheques taken by banks from farmers with vivid imagination swarming with tions; be it the playful, the witty, the of his intrinsic nature from the one openness to new ideas, and how
against the loans and release of cane dues. Similarly restive are the endless possibilities of a Lego tub. fun-filled and even the lighthearted. who retains a touch with emotions we connect the dots in our indi-
other farmers’ outfits. Led by the Bhartiya Kisan Union (Ekta Ugra- Art continues to serve mankind as Art is of and about man and is bound as he grows up. vidual experiences.
han), they will hold a protest from May 2 in Patiala. They want every a form of communication, allowing to what man wants, fears, loves, The popular conception of cre- So, can creativity be taught or is it
artists to tell stories and spark revo- dreams, idealises, and worships. ative people is that they were born an inherited trait? Perhaps, the
party to declare what commitments it would honour if voted to pow-
lutions through words, canvas, and What needs to be understood is that way, with creative gifts. They notion of creativity needs to evolve
er so as to enable them to make an informed choice.
sometimes, even with a blank space. that the human spirit that lies at the are the ones who grow up to be the with the times we live in. It can no
No political party can afford to bypass the concerns raised by this But what is it that makes art a man- heart of all art does not always Da Vincis, Giottos, romantics, nov- longer be restricted to the artistic
protesting section as it has the numbers to swing the tide either way. At ifestation of the innermost emo- come in equal-size packages. ‘All elists, and inventors of their age. constraints of writing or painting or
the same time, it must be conceded that the state’s finances are too pre- tions? What makes humans express children are born artists, the prob- The mystification around creative dancing. The way we talk, our man-
carious for any sweeping promises. The main political players in Pun- themselves through dance, music or lem is to remain an artist as we people perpetuates the misconcep- nerisms, our jokes; or something as
jab should propose a tenable long-term solution to the crisis — one that paintings as a form of unspoken grow up,’ observed Picasso. Some tion that only the ‘chosen’ ones are mundane as making a cup of tea is
will put the cultivators on the path of prosperity, not agitations. communication, even before they art is just simply truer, finer, bigger, blessed with any creative or artistic a creative response.
learn to communicate, that lets or greater than others; just the way ability. But the fact is that we all We are all artists, and the critics
many see them for who they really humans are. We come in all sizes begin life as imaginative beings, cannot detect the difference.
❝ ❞
thought for the day letters to the editor
Efficiency is doing things right; effectiveness is doing
Choose with caution long and glorious tradition of holding Moreover, this injudicious man happiness index cannot be over-
the right things. — Peter Drucker It is the season of elections and all ‘shastrath’ — open debate — or ‘san- must be booked for having violated looked. Despite making claims of
political parties are busy in vaad’ on issues concerning higher life the code of conduct in force for the development, the government has
announcing ‘lucrative offers’ to and the role, rights and duties of parliamentary elections. failed to satisfy the common man.
gain access to the corridors of pow- rulers. The liberty of expression, ABHIMANYU MALIK, JIND Basic amenities in the form of
on this day...50 years ago er, but we all know what happens to being cardinal to the spirit of democ- employment and social security are
tall promises of the past. After every racy, reflects the maturity of the polity. still out of the reach of citizens. Sta-
five years we feel cheated, there is a Milton wrote in Areopagitica: ‘Give Competent doctors tistical figures have shocked that 70
wide chasm between what our lead- me the liberty to know, to utter, and to Refer to ‘19 Indian docs perform sur- per cent Indians are unhappy. Even
ers say and do. Our voting right is argue freely according to conscience, geries in Madagascar, share hardships’ elite section prefers to migrate over-
very precious and we should cast above all liberties.’ The action of the (March 29); hats off to our volunteer seas in search of green pastures and
ambala,tuesday,april 1, 1969
our vote wisely, without considera- Jharkhand Police in arresting econo- doctors who performed successful sur- social security. Let’s hope the new
tions of ‘party’ or ‘religion’ etc. mist Dreze and two others speaks vol- geries in Madagascar, where even the government is able to improve the
GEN. YAHYA KHAN ASSUMES PRESIDENCY The right man should be our choice. umes of the nefarious mindset of the necessary surgical equipment was not happiness score of people.
KARACHI, March 31 (Reuter, AP, UPI)-General Yahya Khan assumed the office PARAMJIT SINGH ‘PARWANA’, PATIALA law-enforcing agency. Such attempts available and neither was the environ- BALJIT KAUR, LUDHIANA
of President of Pakistan today, six days after taking over powers from Marshal at muzzling free speech and stifling ment conducive. There is no dearth of
Ayub Khan, it was officially announced in Rawalpindi. The 52-year-old General dissent will dent irreparably the eminent doctors, especially in the PGI,
said through a proclamation tonight that he ‘has assumed Presidentship’ since It didn’t happen! health of our democracy. Chandigarh, where they are working Go for public transport
the day Mr. Ayub quit the scene. The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Apropos the editorial ‘Samjhauta JR KUNDAL, MOHALI round the clock for patients coming Refer to the article ‘Taxi versus your
said in a press note that Gen Yahya Khan would discharge the functions of the anti-climax’ (March 30), it is strange from Punjab, Haryana, Himachal car’ (March 30); the future belongs to
Head of State until elections were held on the basis of adult franchise and a new that 68 people were killed and it has Pradesh and J&K and performing taxies and cabs. No matter what car
President was elected under a new constitution. It did not indicate when the somehow been proved that nobody Offensive statement competent surgeries even on day-old manufacturers and dealers aim for,
constitution would be ready or when elections would be held. The note explained did it! The accused and witnesses Refer to ‘Chop off limbs of forest babies. But sadly, our elected MLAs the present situation of traffic conges-
that the takeover as President was necessary to facilitate dealings with foreign were made to retract from their ear- officials, NC leader Syed Tawqeer at and MPs run to foreign countries for tion can only be solved by adopting
governments. Instructions had been issued to the country’s Ambassadors for lier statements. Most probably, rally’ (March 30); what Tawqeer said treatment, even for small ailments. public transport or hiring cabs. Easy
the conduct of foreign policy, approval of the national Budget and discharge of money power and favouritism was is offensive, provocative, violence- Perhaps to get treatment in foreign car loan facilities has made car buying
other functions “within the framework of the country’s law”. used to let off saffron extremists. fraught and unlawful. More dismal countries has become a status symbol convenient for all. Two-three cars are
Investigators who erred should be is the fact that this man himself is a for them, which is shameful. seen normally in many houses. Dri-
History Repeats Itself shown the door, but it is not possible former judge and that the state, RAJ KUMAR KAPOOR, ROPAR ving a car is, indeed, very difficult in
NEW DELHI, March 31 (UNI).-History repeated itself in Pakistan today when under the BJP rule. J&K, he belongs to is already hyper- cities, thanks to encroachments by
Gen. Yahya Khan, the Chief Martial Law Administrator, appointed himself VIDWAN SINGH SONI, PATIALA sensitive and experiencing terror vendors and illegal parking of vehi-
President. But there was one difference. After being made Martial Law incidents and political instability. Missing happiness cles. Adopting public transport or cabs
Administrator Gen. Ayub Khan had waited for 19 days before he overthrew The National Conference should dis- Apropos ‘How unhappy we are!’ will help reduce the costs associated
President Iksander Mirza and assumed the Presidency. Gen. Yahya Khan Free to differ miss him from the party and not (March 29), the significance of hap- with personal car and thus create
waited for only six days. Three days after the bloodless coup of October 1958. Apropos the editorial ‘The arrest of an wash of its hands merely terming it piness day, though not as popular in more open spaces in cities.
Gen. Ayub Khan had said: “He (Mirza) had vague ideas. I have definite ideas.” activist’ (March 30), India has had a a ‘momentary lapse on his part’. our country, in determining the VIKRAMJIT SINGH, AMRITSAR
When Gen. Ayub handed over power to Gen. Yahya Khan, Radio Pakistan
reported that the President was going on three months’ leave. Letters to the Editor, typed in double space, should not exceed the 200-word limit. These should be cogently written and can be sent by e-mail to: Letters@tribunemail.com

THE TRIBUNE
CHANDIGARH | MONDAY | 1 APRIL 2019 OPED 09
Decoding the anti-satellite weapon test

S
ECURING the country’s space the kind of infrastructure and knowl- ate successor Avinash Chander’s term
assets is certainly important, edge that we had even within the DRDO in 2015, a move was made to acquire a
and possessing anti-satellite and academic institutions and others, 1kx1k FPA, not of MCT but indium-
(ASAT) capability may be we do not make MCT of that purity antominide sensors, from SCD. And this
arguably necessary for the purpose, but which is needed as the raw material for was pursued by Chander’s successor
there is no immediate threat perception this… not even a gram of that material Satheesh Reddy as well, but the idea
scenario, either by the Department of is available to us.” This runs counter to was apparently finally dropped. Around
Space/ Indian Space Research Organisa- the ‘DRDO’s capability’in 2012 itself the same time, off-the-shelf entire MCT-
R RAMACHANDRAN
tion (ISRO) or the Services, which would that Saraswat claimed in his interview. based seekers with 320x256 array — not
SENIOR SCIENCE WRITER warrant such an urgent test overriding The idea of an ASAT programme seems FPAs alone that you integrate domesti-
all other priorities for the nation’s to have originated around 2008 soon after cally with other elements — were appar-
defence and space sectors. the first missile defence tests, when AK ently bought from Sofradir for Helina,
One of the critical technologies need- Antony was the Defence Minister. Appar- the helicopter-version of the anti-tank
The idea of an ASAT ed for acquiring ASAT capability is a ently, following a preliminary meeting missile NAG (similar units have been
programme seems to have ‘kinetic kill vehicle’ with a target hom-
ing device using an imaging infrared
piloted by Saraswat at the Research Cen-
tre Imarat, Hyderabad, in which former
purchased by ISRO also for its hyper-
spectral imagers). These events beg the
originated around 2008 (IIR) seeker. In a recent interview, VK President APJ Abdul Kalam was also question: How could a full-fledged
Saraswat, former chief of the Defence present, a projection of around Rs 8,000 ASAT project proposal have been made
soon after the first missile Research and Development Organisa- crore was made. The DRDO was then to then UPA government in 2012 for it to
defence tests, when AK tion (DRDO), said though DRDO had told that it should focus its efforts on mov- decline sanction when the DRDO did
the technical capability to develop this ing from Agni-3 to Agni-5 rather than not have the technology for IR seekers?
Antony was the Defence in 2012 itself, the then government had embarking on an altogether new and It may be argued that, after the 2016
not given the go-ahead for the same. complex project especially when it did sanction for the project, within just two
Minister. Apparently, Infrared seekers use what is called not have the essential seeker technology. years of the Pugwash talk in February
following a preliminary Focal Plane Array (FPA) of IR-sensitive When it was suggested that Sofradir or 2017, these technologies could have been
sensors. And the choice material for IR Israeli companies, such as Israel Aero- developed as an Indo-Israeli project. But
meeting, a projection of sensors covering the entire spectrum space Industries (IAI) and SemiCon- that would be a near impossibility, given
— long-wavelength IR (LWIR) to short- LETHAL: One of the critical technologies needed for acquiring ASAT capability is ductor Devices (SCD), might supply the the complexities involved in perfecting
around ~8,000 crore was wavelength IR (SWIR) — is the ternary a ‘kinetic kill vehicle’ with a target homing device using an imaging infrared seeker. technology, a move to first acquire it the weapon: integrating the other ele-
made. The DRDO was then compound, mercury-cadmium-tel- before a full-fledged ASAT programme, ments with the bought-out FPA, devel-
luride (MCT). Binary compounds such cerned,” he said, “the FPA [technolo- our country [is not there]… Like most of with emphasis on collaborative develop- oping the complex image read-out algo-
told that it should focus as indium-antimonide, which are sen- gy] which was denied to us [due to the cases when the country wants to ment under the ambit of the Indo-Israel rithms, calibration of the device,
sitive only to IR signatures in the limit- MTCR] is now not denied… We are not venture into very highly complex tech- Management Council (I2MC), was simulation tests with the imager and
its efforts on moving from ed middle-wavelength (MWIR) range, producing FPAs in the country… we nologies, you need to invest a huge mooted. Then DRDO chief M Natarajan final integration with the kill vehicle.
Agni-3 to Agni-5 rather than are sometimes considered good are buying those FPAs and the rest of amount… We had spent not even 10 per had also got a sanction for about Rs As sources within DRDO and ISRO
enough, but the signatures from the the optics and everything is being cent and as a result MCT, which is the 1,700 crore for that. Apparently, Sofradir, conjecture, the likely scenario is that
embarking on an altogether thermal environment around a space- done in the country. That is why the basic element needed for making the while willing to sell, was not even pre- these off-the-shelf Sofradir seekers, in
craft would peak in LWIR. possibility of NAG IIR seeker being FPA, could not be developed… [w]hen pared to give FPA units for testing, let combination with the active radar seek-
new and complex project India’s quest for technologies for manufactured in the country [exists] in 1995-96 there was a proposal after alone sharing the technology. er which DRDO makes, may have been
especially when it did FPA and pure MCT is over two decades today. But we still have to go a long there was a little relaxation of MTCR But nothing tangible seems to have used in the ASAT test. Alternatively,
old, and till date the country does not way... we need many more seekers, we (Missile Technology Control Regime), resulted in terms of technology acquisi- under the ambit of I2MC, an entire off-
not have the essential have these technologies. This was stat- need… LWIR and MWIR [seekers]...” Sofradir of France was ready to give the tion from Israel or France, especially on the-shelf MCT-based seeker may have
ed by Saraswat himself in a lecture “The fact remains that, even today,” FPA technology… Rs 95 crore at that the MCT front, since then, either during been supplied by IAI. Of course, given
seeker technology. addressing a Pugwash gathering on he said answering a question from the time, the government was not willing to Saraswat’s tenure or during those of his that the test was conducted in the
February 3, 2017, at the Institute for audience, “the capability to make FPAs spend... Today it may be Rs 1,000 successors till February 2017 at least. morning (11 am), a simple optical imag-
Defence Studies and Analysis (IDSA). for thermal imaging and also for IR crore… In 2006, when I was chief con- According to DRDO sources, apparently er coupled with radar seeker could have
"As far as IR seekers is [sic] con- seekers… despite a lot of attempts by troller [of R&D], we realised that with towards the end of Saraswat’s immedi- also been used for homing.
Don’t drive a wedge between govt, its agencies

I
N the atmosphere of muscular states (and local authorities etc.). For example, it is the responsibility
nationalism after the Pulwama and Clause 3 of Article 77 stipulates, “The of the government, through its Cabi-
Balakot incidents, two issues President shall make rules for the net, to ensure the defence of the coun-
deserve attention. One concerns more convenient transaction of the try. The main task of the Defence Min-
the official statement made by Foreign business of the Government of India, istry is “to obtain policy directions of
Secretary Vijay Gokhale, remarkable for and for the allocation among Minis- the government on all defence and
its precision and clarity. The other is an ters of the said business.” What fol- security-related matters and commu-
unfortunate tendency, in a politically lows from Article 77(3) are two very nicate these for implementation to the
AMITABHA BHATTACHARYA charged atmosphere, to make a distinc- important documents: Allocation of Service Headquarters.” Put simply,
FORMER IAS OFFICER tion between the government and its Business Rules, 1961, and Transaction activities logically flow from the State
agencies or organisations. of Business Rules, 1961 (ToB) [as to the (cabinet form of) government, to
The statement issued after the Bal- amended from time to time]. The for- the Ministry of Defence and then to
akot airstrike was timely, comprehen- mer lists in its first schedule the min- the Service Headquarters and other
How can one entity of the sive and carefully worded. It also istries, departments [one ministry agencies concerned. In reality, howev-
government be praised or appeared, in a sense, pre-emptive in
its import, creating the framework
may have one or more departments],
secretariats and offices [Cabinet Sec-
er, the process is far more complex,
involved and nuanced.
criticised, separating it and boundary conditions for further retariat, Prime Minister’s Office etc.], This being the overall scenario, how
discussions on the subject. What fol- the subjects allocated to each of them can one entity of the government be
from the government as lowed has been more in the nature of ROLE: It’s the job of the Defence Ministry to communicate the government’s policy having been detailed in its second praised or criticised, separating it
a whole? If there is success details and conjectures.
Delineating the perspective in which
directions on defence and security-related matters to the Service Headquarters. schedule. The latter, through its Rules from the government as a whole? If
and sub-rules (now in public domain), there is success or failure of the intel-
or failure of the intelligence a pre-emptive strike on the Jaish-e- remains unassailable. tently contribute to similar differenti- shows how each department should ligence agencies, the armed forces or
Mohammed (JeM) training camp at The political brinkmanship that fol- ation. Rejecting all such statements do its business, subject to inter- the diplomatic corps, it is the success
agencies, the armed forces Balakot became an absolute necessity, lowed the Balakot strike and its reac- issued by people in power and in the departmental consultations [with or failure of the government.
or the diplomatic corps, it it says, “In an intelligence-led opera- tions did not always carry the spirit of Opposition as electoral gimmicks Finance, Law, Personnel etc.], and No agency really acts in isolation.
tion… India struck the biggest train- this statement forward. Even if some does not serve much purpose. If not how cases are to be submitted to the Therefore, crediting one and discred-
is the success or failure of ing camp…” and names clearly the pre-election rhetoric is allowed, the handled wisely, such public utterings Prime Minister, Cabinet and its com- iting another can demoralise the
JeM leader heading the facility. There- portrayal of specialised agencies of have the potential to cause fissures, mittees and the President. whole system, causing jealousy and
the government. No agency after, “The Government of India is the government irrespective of the lat- damage crucial institutions in the Rule 12 of the ToB says that the fostering unhealthy competition.
acts in isolation. Crediting firmly and resolutely committed to ter cannot be ignored. If the agnostics long run and stain the concept of a Prime Minister may permit or con- Therefore, it may not be in larger pub-
taking all necessary measures to fight and non-believers have raised ques- democratic nation. In a multi-party done a departure from these rules, to lic interest to drive a wedge between
one and discrediting the menace of terrorism. Hence, this tions about the government’s motive democracy, politics is unavoidable the extent he deems necessary. These the government and the agencies or
non-military pre-emptive action was or the efficacy of the Balakot strike and may even be desirable, but poli- Rules clearly lay down how the Prime organisations under it. The govern-
another can demoralise specifically targeted at the JeM and what followed, such doubts have ticking at any cost should best be Minister, the Cabinet, ministers-in- ment, with its collective responsibility,
the whole system. camp…” Finally, a reminder that “The often been dismissed as rantings of avoided. Let the constitutional provi- charge and the secretaries would dis- had taken a decision in national inter-
Government of Pakistan had made a anti-national people doubting the abil- sions be examined in this context. charge their functions. While the Sec- est. The official statements were also
solemn commitment in January 2004 ity of our patriotic defence forces. On As per Article 12 of the Constitution, retary is the key adviser to the issued on behalf of the government as
not to allow its soil or territory…” The the other hand, statements like “I the ‘State’ includes the government minister concerned, his fundamental a whole. The public pronouncements
statement provides a contextualised, salute the pilots of the IAF”, however and Parliament of India, the govern- function is to ensure that the rules of some of our political leaders should
balanced picture of the situation, and correct or well meaning, also inadver- ment and legislature of each of the and procedures are properly followed. perhaps be viewed in this light.
quick crossword su do ku calendar forecast

ACROSS APRIL 1, 2019, MONDAY SUNSET: MONDAY 18:41 HRS
1 Shakespeare comedy
(2,3,4,2) 5 6 ■ Vikrami Samvat 2075 SUNRISE: TUESDAY 06:11 HRS
9 Eager desire (7) ■ Shaka Samvat 1941
10 Follow as result (5)
11 Spun thread (4) 4 5 ■
■
Chaitra Shaka
Chaitra Parvishte
11
19
Sunny Partly Cloudy Cloudy
CITY MAX
Rainy
MIN
Foggy
12 Contemptuously rude (8)

Hijari 1440 Chandigarh 35 17
3 5 2 4 8
14 A spice (6) ■
16 Spirit (6) ■ Krishan Paksh Tithi 12, ---- New Delhi 35 19

18 Quick appraisal (4-4) PUNJAB
■ Sadhya Yoga up to 8:17 pm
19 A slapping blow (4) Amritsar 33 12
22 Heap of driven snow (5)
23 Custody (7)
6 8 9 ■
■
Dhanishatha Nakshatra up to 9:54 pm
Moon enters Aquarius sign 8.21 am
Bathinda
Jalandhar
35
33
13
12
24 Principal actress in play Panchak starts 8.21 am Ludhiana 35 17
8 6
■
(7,4)
2 HARYANA
DOWN SATURDAY’S SOLUTION Bhiwani 38 18

Hisar 38 16
2 Echo-sounding
equipment (5) 1 3 8 � � � � � � � � � Sirsa
HIMACHAL PRADESH
35 16
3 Leave unmentioned (4) � � � � � � � � �
4 Traditional story (6) Dharamsala 26 13
5 Collapse suddenly (4,4) 2 1 6 5 7 � � � � � � � � � Manali
Shimla
23
24
06
14
6 Examine closely (7) � � � � � � � � �
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(6,5)
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SATURDAY’S SOLUTION 13 Infatuated (8) Srinagar 20 05
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Across: 1 Waffle, 4 Historic, 9 Lordly, 10 Uprising, 12 News, 13 Glare, 14 Sign, 17 Garden of Eden,
20 In particular, 23 Mood, 24 Huron, 25 Sole, 28 Latitude, 29 Befall, 30 Monument, 31 Impose.
15 Perceptible by touch (7)
17 Summon by gesture (6)
3 1 � � � � � � � � �
UTTARAKHAND
Dehradun 32 15
Down: 1 Well-nigh, 2 Foreword, 3 Lull, 5 Imperfection, 6 Trim, 7 Raisin, 8 Cogent, 11 All of a sudden, 20 Uncanny (5) Mussoorie 23 11
15 Feint, 16 Beech, 18 Eldorado, 19 True-blue, 21 Emblem, 22 Boston, 26 Stem, 27 Deem. � � � � � � � � �
21 Carillon (4) MEDIUM TEMPERATURE IN OC

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तनशा मैडम, बच्चे

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8 EDITORIAL DELHI THE HINDU

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imperative that the sends the message that the Ambala Cantt., Haryana Chennai development and

ment ﬁrst would have served the purpose. That the mo­ out their diﬀerences and point is that in north India, ■ The Congress party, which ■ The stringent opposition, corrections & clarifications:

The politics of enmity Chowkidars are those

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SINGLE FILE FROM ARCHIVES

Taking a cue from Japan FIFTY YEARS AGO APRIL 2, 1969

Wrong Air-India folder to be withdrawn

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ment ﬁrst would have served the purpose. That the mo out their diﬀerences and point is that in north India, ■ The Congress party, which ■ The stringent opposition, corrections & clarifications: