ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project became a reality with the help and support of kind individuals

who stayed through the ups and downs in every phases and gave

encouragement and ideas. The developers would like to extend sincere thanks

to following people:

Foremost, to GOD Almighty for the wisdom and knowledge He

bestowed upon them, the strengths, peace of mind, good health and the

courage and perseverance to pursue the study and satisfactorily finished it

amidst the hardships encountered.

The developers would also like to extend their deepest appreciation and

thanks to their adviser Mrs. Dhally A. Ilisan. Without her full support, guidance,

enthusiasm, encouragements, patience, proficiencies shared and continues

belief to the developers abilities, this study would not be overcome and would

hardly have been completed.

To the developer’s technical expert, Dr. Virgie P. Ugay for the capstone

idea, title and also for imparting her knowledge of the field which is new to the

developers. For the guidance and advise given that helped the developers in

crafting the logic and other important information needed in the course of

completing the project. The developers are grateful for all the things you have

done.

To the project panelists, Mrs. Editha Hebron, Mr. Archie Cenas and

Ms. Mishiill D. Cempron for sharing their expertise, time, giving the developers

ideas and insights that helped them improve their application and for giving
encouragements all throughout the development of the project, their sincerest

appreciation.

To the developers’ greatest source of strength and inspiration, their

families who gave outmost support physically, emotionally, mentally and

financially, showing unconditional love and encouragements throughout the

process of completing the project.

Lastly, the developers would like to thank their classmates and friends,

a new found family, who have been with them in the past few years. Thank you

for the love, prayers, time, encouragements and support may it be morally,

physically or academically, without their help the developers could hardly

surpass all the trials and hardships in the course of getting this degree.
 EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY

Digimango: A Digital Image Processing on Anthracnose Severity of

Mango is an offline mobile Android-based application that analyzes and

produce rating results on severity of anthracnose disease found in mango fruit.

It is a tool that evaluates quantitatively the development of spot-like lesion on

the surface of the said fruit. The purpose of Digimango is to help the

researchers and plant technicians in post-harvest fertilizer product

experimentations in identifying and objectively rating the severity of

anthracnose disease in individual fruit with less time and effort.

The developers used Android IDE in developing the application and

OpenCV as the library. The application requires at least 8mp (megapixels)

camera with 2GB/16GB RAM. Mobile Application Development Lifecycle

(MADL) is used as the projects methodology. With this methodology, the

developers were able to analyze, structure, plan, design, develop and

implement the application thoroughly and met all the applications objectives.

The developers concluded that there are things that need to be

considered when using the application. Illumination, flash must be turned on

and capture must be done indoor with the presence of fluorescent light.

Background. It must be a plain white paper or cloth with 22x28 inches size.

Distance. The background size is provided thus the user must capture from one

edge to another. The sample is a three dimensional object so the capture will

be done four times to evaluate all the samples part.

 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Project Context

Mango (Mangifera indica) is a tree of the Anacardiacease family, whose

fruit has been consumed for thousands of years [7]. It is a famous South Asian

fruit, that has been a popular addition to "tropical" and refreshing fruit platters

for decades and has lots of varieties [12]. The ´Carabao´ variety, endemic to the

Philippines, is considered to be one of the finest and sweetest variety in the

world and is the leading the mango variety exports [22].

The mango business is mainly the famous segment of horticulture and

its development has been fast and remarkable. In fact, in 2016 Philippines

shipped 13,928.714 metric tons (MT) of fresh mangoes worth $12.57 million,

and aside from fresh mangoes, 363.28 MT of dried mangoes, valued at $3.731

million, was shipped to European counties on the same year [3]. On the other

hand, in spite of the inspiring growth of this sector, a number of issues need to

be addressed, of which the productivity of mango trees in the region is principal.

Presently, mango suffers from several diseases at all stages of its life that result

to lower yield and income.

The most common and easily identified disease by mango fruit buyers is

the anthracnose. Mango anthracnose is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum

gloeosporioides var minor (also known by the name of its perfect stage

Glomerella cingulata var minor). Spore production by this fungus is favoured by

wet or humid weather. The dispersal of these spores is particularly favoured by

rain and wind [9]. This disease leaves the fruit’s epidermis with black spots.

Thus the buyers easily get noticed that the fruit is not suitable for consumption.

Fresh mango fruits from the country hardly make it to the international market

due to anthracnose infection. It is a major disease limiting fruit production in all

countries where mangoes are grown, especially where high humidity prevails

during the cropping season.

In Southwest Nigeria, Oneyeani et al. (2015) a survey in mango

production belt was conducted in four locations and has found out that 60% of

the trees surveyed are infected with anthracnose and 34% of fruits produced

were severely infected [2]. Postharvest mangoes are examined through plant

pathologist methods such as disease intensity that is basically done through

the use of the naked eye [14].

In the Philippines, visual ‘hedonic’ scales (subjective testing carried out

by trained evaluators) is still practiced by both national and local farmers

including plant pathologist. This kind of evaluation is qualitative and subjective,

as it depends on the experience of the evaluators. This practice of disease

measurement is the standard scaling used by researchers all over the world.

Data that is being gathered through this evaluation are used for researches for

further study of the appropriate medicines and fertilizers to be used to control

anthracnose disease.

With this, the group proposed DigiMango, an application that will

measure the percentage of severity of the anthracnose of a mango fruit.

Purpose and Description

Digital Image Processing on Anthracnose Severity of Mango

(DigiMango) is an Android application that uses a smart phone camera to

analyze and produce rating results of the severity of anthracnose disease in a

mango fruit. DigiMango captures four (4) sides of a mango fruit and measures

the percentage of the total surface area where the disease is visible.

DigiMango is a tool that is used to evaluate quantitatively the

development of spot-like lesions on the surface of mango fruit. The application

used evaluation based on scale, assessment from (mild infection to severe

infection) based on the evaluation of percentages of the area affected in the

sampled fruits: 0% -5.9 % (no infection), 6% - 50.9% (average infection), 60%

- 100% (severe infection) depending on the scope of the area affected by

anthracnose lesions. Every transaction is considered as one project. Every

project has a minimum of one (1) and a maximum of ten (10) mangoes to be

captured at the same time. The Application will show results of its individual

rating and the evaluation of anthracnose lesions in each sample. Additionally,

the user can add more mangoes in one project, in which after the result of one

transaction is shown, an option to add more mangoes is presented where the

user can capture another set of mangoes given that the result of the first

transaction and the latest transaction will be presented as one. The user in the

application can either save or delete the said results.

With this application, the group aimed to help the researchers and plant

technicians in post-harvest fertilizer product experimentations, gathering data.

This served as basis and guide to what they must do to improve the quality of

fruits in the next yield.

Objectives of the Study

This study aimed to develop Digital Image Processing on Anthracnose

Severity of Mango (DigiMango).

Specifically, this study aimed to develop project modules that will

perform the following functions.

1. Evaluate the percentage of anthracnose lesions in a mango

fruit.

2. Calculate the rating of anthracnose disease on mango fruit at

the maximum of ten (10) samples in one transaction.

3. Store the past ratings of analyzed samples of mangoes.

Scope and Limitations of the Project

The Digital Image Processing on Anthracnose Severity of Mango

(DigiMango) was developed for the farmers and growers of mangoes and for

the researchers that specialized the study of the said fruit. This Application was

conceptualized to aid in measuring the severity of anthracnose disease in post-

harvest mangoes quantitatively by the use of image processing.

The project is an offline android-based application that is used for

capturing, processing and analyzing digital images in evaluating quantitatively

a mango’s anthracnose using the smartphone’s built-in camera. The application

includes presentation of the scales and the disease’s severity rating with the
added samples evaluation. It has options to either save the result for future use

or delete when found unnecessary.

An option to have an evaluation of bulk and individual mango is

available, but only a maximum of ten (10) mangoes can be catered for bulk

entries. Thus, mangoes captured in bulk entries will be rated individually.

The application generates the following evaluation result: the evaluation

based on scale. It involves assessment scales from mild infection to severe

infection based on the evaluation of percentages of the area affected in the

sampled fruits 0% -5.9 % (no infection), 6% - 50.9% (average infection), 60% -

100% (severe infection). It has an archive so that the user can view the saved

results of the evaluations. The user of the application can also delete the said

results.

To acquire the accurate results, the following must be considered, (1)

illumination must be considered carefully to attain desirable results in which the

application must only be used indoor and that the user is obliged to turn on the

phone’s flash; (2) the mangos that will be captured must be placed in a white

colored background, such as a white fabric to avoid color miscalculations, the

background’s size must be 22x28 inches (cartolina size);(3) while capturing the

subject the frame must be from one edge of the background to the other edge,

this is advised to further address the differences of smartphone cameras focal

lengths; (4) the application will only scan a maximum number of ten (10) mango

fruits; (5) the application is just a tool to measure the severity of the disease in

the fruit and will not include any instructions on how to cure the said disease;

(6) and lastly, the application is only limited for mango anthracnose evaluation
in agricultural purposes and any other fruits or things cannot be validated as

needed. Furthermore, DIGIMANGO is an application that is dependent on

images. That is why usage of high end smartphone cameras is greatly advised.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED SYSTEM

This chapter presented the related literature and studies gathered from

other sources. This chapter helped to understand the projects that are relevant

and similar to the present study.

Related Literature

Mango (Mangifera indica) is a juicy stone fruit that belongs to the family

of Anacardiaceae in the order of Sapindales and is grown in many parts of the

world, particularly in tropical countries [21]. It is also known as the “king of fruits”

because it is the most popular fruit in tropical regions. It is the national fruit of

India and Philippines, and the national tree of Bangladesh [15]. Mango is a

perennial, branching, evergreen tree approximately 30–40 feet tall. Its fruit is

large, fleshy drupe containing a laterally compressed stone housing the seed.

Mango cultivars vary considerably in fruit size, color, shape, flavor, texture, and

taste [8]. It is commercially the most important fruit crop of India, accounting for

54% of the total mango produced worldwide [29].

Mangoes are among the most traded fruits in the world. Currently, Asia

is the largest producer of mangoes, with a global production of 72%, followed

by Africa (17%), Latin America (10%), and the rest of the world (1%). Mango

production has been growing over the years with India being the world’s largest

producer of mangoes followed by China, Thailand, Indonesia, Pakistan,

Mexico, Brazil, Bangladesh, Nigeria and the Philippines [18].

 The Philippine mango industry has been thriving both in the local and

international markets, with production as high as 783,225 metric tons combined

for mangoes, mangosteens, and guavas in 2012, according to the Food and

Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations [4].

Among the 23 barangays of Tagum City, Barangay Mankilam has the

largest production of mangoes according to the official website of the City

Government of Tagum. It has a production value of ₱136,875.00 [8].

Many physiological disorders in fruit affect both quality and storage life

of mango in all growing regions of the world [25]. Mango crop prone to a number

of diseases at all stages of its growth, from the plants in the nursery to the fruits

in transit and storage. Almost every part viz. stem, branch, twig, root, leaf,

petiole, flower and fruit are affected by various pathogens. These diseases

manifest themselves as several kinds of rots, die back, mildew, necrosis, scab,

blotch, stem bleeding, wilt, spots, canker, mould, malformation, etc. Some of

these diseases is the reason of heavy loss and have become preventive factor

in mango cultivation in some regions. Powdery mildew, anthracnose, die back,

sooty mould, gummosis, malformation, blacktip and internal necrosis cause

great loss [16].

Mangoes are susceptible to a range of pest and diseases that can

significantly reduce commercial production and fruit quality [13]. The two most

significant postharvest diseases of mangos grown throughout the tropics and

subtropics are anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and

stem-end rot caused by Dothiorella dominicana, Lasiodiploadia theobromae,

and Phomopsis mangiferae [5]. Anthracnose affects the flowers, leaves and
fruit at various stages of growth and is a major cause of fruit rots in the

postharvest supply chain [5]. It is now recognized as the most important field

and post-harvest disease of mango worldwide. It is the major disease limiting

fruit production in all countries where mangoes are grown, especially where

high humidity prevails during the cropping season [10].

On mango, anthracnose symptoms occur on leaves, twigs, petioles,

flower clusters (panicles), and fruits. On leaves, lesions start as small, angular,

brown to black spots that can enlarge to form extensive dead areas. The lesions

may drop out of leaves during dry weather. The first symptoms on panicles are

small black or dark-brown spots, which can enlarge, coalesce, and kill the

flowers before fruits are produced, greatly reducing yield. Petioles, twigs, and

stems are also susceptible and develop the typical black, expanding lesions

found on fruits, leaves and flowers [19]. Thus, the study will only focus in the

fruits of mango to determine the severity of anthracnose disease.

Figure 2.1 Mango Anthracnose Disease in Fruits

 Postharvest diseases of mangoes fruit reduce the quality and saleable

life by premature decay and producing off-flavours [6]. Post-harvest

processing of mango fruits comprises a series of unit operations, including

cleaning, waxing, sorting, grading, packing, transport, and storage; while

grading being considered the most important post-harvest step. Grading based

on geometry and shapes are the two major parameters that consumers identify

with the quality of mango fruit. Moreover, mango fruits with abnormalities in

shape do not meet quality requirements for export. Even though Bangladesh

produces a substantial mango crop, and overseas demand is steadily

increasing, current post-harvest processing, which is still predominantly

performed manually, cannot meet international quality requirements. Farmers

continue to examine and sort/grade harvested mangos by visual appearance.

Traditional visual inspection is labor intensive, expensive, and prone to human

error, leading to variability in the final product. Thus, there is a critical need to

be able to quickly, accurately, and efficiently evaluate agricultural products

without the use of human labor [17].

Last 2017, a study about defect identification and maturity detection of

mango fruits using image analysis was conducted in India. The objective of this

work is to develop an automated tool, which can be capable of identifying defect

and detect maturity of mango fruits based on shape, size and color features by

digital image analysis [32]. The features were almost the same, thus this

technology uses other electronic devices. The flow of image processing was

almost the same too. It starts in low level (acquisition and preprocessing),

intermediate (separation and segmentation), and the high-level processing

(image quantification).
 Below are some code snippets that perform similar functions as the

application needs.

Figure 2.2 Code snippet for shadow removal in OpenCV

Figure 2.2 shows a code snippet for removing shadows using OpenCV’s

cv2.createBackgroundSubtractorMOG2() function, a Gaussian Mixture-based

Background/Foreground Segmentation Algorithm that converts shadows into

grey pixels [5]. With this, shadows that might be captured will be cleared to

make sure that there are no other interfering factors that possibly be calculated

in accumulating the percentage of black lesions.

Figure 2.3 Code snippet for separating image in OpenCV.

Figure 2.3 shows the code snippet for separating objects in an image

using OpenCV’s canny edge detection that converts the image into binary

image for better accuracy when applying contour [10]. This will be applied to

the sample that will be captured. The contour of the mango will be detected to

make sure that the percentage to be evaluated only focuses on the surface of

the mango.
 Related System

This part presented the related systems that support and serve as guide

of the current study.

Color Grab (Color Detection)

Color Grab is the ultimate on-the-go color tool. It picks, captures, and

recognizes colors simply by pointing the camera. It is a leading and worldwide

application used by designers, artists, professionals, developers, and color-

blinds. This said application, captures images and applies image processing for

color recognition [34].

Figure 2.4 Color Grab application snapshot

Figure 2.2 shows the snapshot of Color Grab application snapshot. This

application is quite similar to DigiMango when it comes to image processing and

color recognition. It processes images and has color detection function basically on

the black lesion in a mango fruit. The difference is that DigiMango quantifies the

percentage of the color in a certain phase.

PlantEX

PlantEX is an application used to identify and detect the plant’s diseases

from its leaves by image processing, deep learning, and machine learning

techniques. The application can be used by capturing images of the plants leaf,

PlantEx will then apply image processing techniques and also color

segmentation and recognition, these techniques will be used to identify the

disease the plant has. If the leaf is identified infected, the application will display

possible treatment methods [35].

Figure 2.5 Plant X SnapShot

Figure 2.3 shows the snapshot of PlantEX application. It captures images

to identify what kind of plant it is from the selected or captured image. It is an image

processing application, that uses color identification and segmentation same with

DigiMango. The only difference is, this application is used and designed to identify

the kind of plant can be seen from the selected or captured image while the

DigIMango is designed to determine the severity percentage of the anthracnose

disease of mango from the captured image.

PlantSnap – Identify Plants, Flowers, Trees & More

PlantSnap application instantly identifies plant of all kinds, anywhere in

the world. Flowers, trees, succulents, mushrooms and more can be quickly

recognized with PlantSnap. It is built to help users identify flowers, plants, and

tress in a snap. The application works by taking picture of the plant and then

the image will be processed, in which color recognition and segmentation along

with image recognition algorithm will be used to identify the image captured.

The application holds almost 103,000 kinds of plant stored in a database and

this datum will be the basis of the image comparison [33].

Figure 2.6 PlantSnap

Figure 2.4 shows the snapshot of PlantSnap application. It is an Android

mobile application used to identify plants, flowers, trees, and more using image

processing. This is similar to DigIMango because it also uses image processing,

color segmentation, color recognition, and captures image using a camera.

Defect Identification and Maturity Detection of Mango Fruits Using Image

Analysis

This application uses image processing and computer vision systems to

identify defect and maturity of mango fruits based on shape, size and color

features by digital image analysis [23].

The application has similarities with DigiMango when it comes to their

functions, the disadvantage of the application is that, it is not portable and that

the system needs many of additional devices before it can be used effectively.

Figure 2.7 Mango Defect and Maturity Detector

Figure 2.7 shows the snapshot of Mango Defect and Maturity Detector.

In the image the process of evaluating the defect and maturity of mango is on

going. Here, the system needs those devices to be able to produce accurate

results.

Snthesis
Table 2.1 Comparison to Related System

Feature Color PlantEX PlantSnap Mango Mango

Grab Defect Anthracnose
(color and Rating App
detection Maturity
Detection

    
Image
Processing
   
Color
Segmentation
   
Color
Recognition
   
Image Capture
from android
camera
  
Image
quantification

Table 2.1 Illustrates the comparison of the Application and its related

system discussed above. In achieving the related systems output, some of the

few steps in attaining its results are closely related to the system that will be

developed. This includes color recognition. Thus, the said system performs

different set of task that serve their purpose.

Synthesis

The proponents found out studies and systems that are similar to the

proposed study and are relevant in the research and development of

DigiMango. Among the related system discussed, Mango Defect and Maturity

Detection is the closest application that has similar functionalities of DigIMango.

However, at some point, the objective of both applications differs.

Moreover, all the related studies mentioned above are very useful guide

to the research and development of DigIMango, a mobile application that

evaluates anthracnose disease severity on a mango fruit

Technical Background

The project’s android application utilized a smartphone camera for

capturing and analyzing digital images of post-harvested mango samples. The

application used Android Studio as the IDE of the application. OpenCV is used

as the library in creating the application with Tensorflow as a library that trained

the application not to recognize other objects aside from mango. In installing

the application, a mobile android phone with Android OS version 6.0

(marshmallow) to the latest version is applicable.

Software Requirements

The software listed below are necessary requirements needed for the

development of DigIMango.

Table 2.2 Software Specifications

Software Description

Fluid UI This was used in creating the

application’s design

Android Studio The IDE that was used in developing

the app.

Android OS OS version 6.0 or higher.

Windows OS Windows 7 or latest. This was used

as the building platform of the app.

SQLite Database Database used by the application.

Table 2.2 shows all the needed software requirements for the

development of the project. Fluid UI was used in creating the application design;

Android Studio was the IDE in developing the application; Android OS version

5.0 and above is recommended for the application to run. Lastly, Windows 7

and the higher version of Windows were used for the installation platform of all

the software needed in the Applications development.

Hardware Requirements

The hardware listed below are necessary requirements for the

development of DigIMango.

Table 2.3 Hardware Specifications

Hardware Recommended

Android Phone Qualcomm 430 CPU, 2GB RAM,

4GB ROM

Back Camera 8MP and up

Table 2.3 shows all the needed hardware requirements to be used in the

project. In using the Android application, Qualcomm 430 CPU, 2GB RAM, 4GB

ROM with 8MP and up is recommended for faster and more efficient processing

time.

User Classification

The user of this application are the plant technicians specially those who

specialize in mango diseases. The researchers are among the probable users

as well as farmers who are knowledgeable in the said disease.

Table 2.4 User Specification

User Recommendations

Plant technicians Knowledgeable/ Expert/ Specialized

Researchers Knowledgeable/Expert

Farmer Knowledgeable/Expert

Table 2.4 illustrates the specification of the application user, which are

the people who can use the application at their benefit.

In using the Application, it is a must that the user has knowledge on

certain diseases on mangoes. Additionally, for the Application to be of help to

the user they must know how to navigate the smart phones. It is the device

where the Application will be installed. This is for them to use the application

properly. If they do not have the capacity to use the application, the proponents

will guide and teach the user the appropriate things to do.
System Architecture

System architecture illustrates how the application and the user

interacts, additionally system architecture represents the structure and

behavior of the system.

Figure 2.8 System Architure of DigiMango

Figure 2.8 illustrates the interaction between the user and the system.

As the user captures and send images to the Application of mangoes that are

infected with the disease. The Application will then evaluate, analyze and

process the image and will display the result to the user.
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

System Development Methodology

A system development methodology refers to the framework used to

structure, plan, and control the process of developing an information system

[24]. In achieving the goal of the system, there is a need to have a

methodological approach in order to meet the time against physical and

human constraints, as well as following the specific steps to attain most

desirable result.

The developers of DigIMango will use Mobile Application Development

Lifecycle (MADLC) in the process of crafting the project. Following the

framework of MADLC will help the developers build robust and optimal control

application. The project will follow the seven phases of MADLC as shown

below.

IDENTIFICATION

DESIGNING

DEVELOPMENT

PROTOTYPING

TESTING

DEPLOYMENT

MAINTENANCE

Figure 3.1 Mobile Application Development Lifecycle

 Figure 3.1 illustrates the methodology that will be used by the developers

in the project. There are seven (7) phases in the methodology. It is expected to

produce high quality functions and robust application that will meet the users’

needs at the given constraints.

Mobile Application Development Lifecycle Process

Identification Phase

The first phase is the formation of the application. In this phase,

the group visited different offices that might have had ideas and

knowledge about a probable application that will meet the standards of

the study that will be conducted. Through a plant pathology expert, the

group have known about the post-harvest of mango and learned that the

said studies concerning this disease needs technology based calculation

in quantifying the amount of calculation in one fruit. The group conducted

an interview and discussion that was also being followed by another with

the same expert and office who explained how the system will work. With

the knowledge shared by the expert, who is well versed about the mango

fruit’s disease, its preventive measures, and its cure developers

conceptualized the project and gathered more ideas thru series of

interviews and after such things the developers planned and think

through a project that has the capability to address the proponent’s

problem when it comes to quantification of the said disease.

The developers thought through the probability of the project and

discussed the risk and the problems that might occur while it is in the
developing process. After the discussion the developers listed the

problems that need to be addressed.

1. How is inaccuracy due to the shadow produced when acquiring

the image be solved?

2. How is rating individual mangoes in bulk scanning done?

3. How is the percentage of lesions in the mango quantified?

Use Case Diagram

The use case diagram shows what the user is capable of doing in

the system. This part shows the interaction of the user and the

application.

Figure 3.2 Use case diagram of DigIMango.

Use case diagram is a helpful tool to be able to present the

system requirements and data flow. Figure 3.2 illustrates the processes

that can be performed by the users while using the application.

Additionally, these functions are the minimum requirements that the

system has to perform to be able to meet user’s requirements.

 Use Case Specification

Table 3.1 Capture Photo (Mango Fruit) Use Case Description

Use Case Name Capture photo (individual or bulk entries of mango)

Scenario: Lets the user pick between individual or bulk entries

in capturing photo of mangoes.

Triggering Event: After tapping the camera icon.

Brief Description: After installing the application, the user can now

captures photos.

Actors: User

Related User Case: None

Stakeholders: Actor that captures photos of mango fruit.

Preconditions: Application installed.

Post conditions: The actor now views results.

Flow of Activities: Actor System

1. Actor install the application 1.1 System analyzes

to an android device. the photo of mango
2. Actor captures images of fruit samples.
mango fruit samples.
Table 3.2 View Results/Reports of Evaluation Use Case Description

Use Case Name View result/report of evaluation

Scenario: The actor views result of mango anthracnose every

after capture of the user.

Triggering Event: After capturing and analyzing the photo.

Brief Description: The actor views result after capturing and analyzing

the mango.

Actors: User

Related User Case: None

Stakeholders: Actors that will use the reports and results of the

application.

Preconditions: Mango fruits are captured.

Post conditions: The actor now views results, and has to decide to

“save” or “delete”.

Flow of Activities: Actor System

1. Captures images of 1.1 System analyzes

mango fruit samples. the photo of the
2. Views the result of the mango fruit samples.
evaluation
Table 3.3 Save or Delete Results Use Case Description

Use Case Name Save or delete results

Scenario: After analyzing the mango fruit samples, the actor

has the discretion whether to save or delete the

results.

Triggering Event: After analyzing the photo, and giving the results.

Brief Description: The user can delete or save the result after

analyzing it.

Actors: User

Related User Case: None

Stakeholders: Actors that will use the reports and results of the

application.

Preconditions: Results are shown.

Post conditions: The actors can view the results anytime after it has

been saved.

Flow of Activities: Actor System

1. Click save or delete. 1.1 If “delete” is clicked,

the results will not be
available. Hence, if
“save” is clicked, it will be
in Archive and will be
available for future use.
Table 3.4 Search Saved Results Use Case Description

Use Case Name Search saved results

Scenario: The actor searches for past result/reports being

saved

Triggering Event: When archived search box is being inputted.

Brief Description: The actor searches results/reports of samples that

is in the archived part.

Actors: User

Related User Case: None

Stakeholders: Actors that will use the reports and results of the

application.

Preconditions: Results are saved.

Post conditions: The actors can view the results.

Flow of Activities: Actor System

1. Searches title in the 1.1 Show the search

search box. results that has been
saved.
Design Phase

Figure 3.3 Design Phase

After gathering information and forming the idea into possible

system, the second phase are all about designing the flow and

conceptualizing the probable outcome and functions of the systems. The

application was being checked by the group if it could be possible to be

available in a multi-platform after a series of research and thorough study

the group have found out that the application can only be available in

one platform and it is in android. Android platform is selected and after

those a series of design plan was being created such as the activity flow,

database design and all the work flows that will help in the formation of

the system. The following are further discussed below.

Developing an initial design for the Application is also done in this

phase. In which it mock ups was created and documented, noted that it
will be followed, modules were also which will hold the different functions

of the system that will be the backend of architecture design.

Through thorough planning and analysis as to flow, functions and

operations that must be present in the system, the developers used

diagrams and tables to explain and picture out the system that will be

developed.

Activity Diagram

An activity diagram visually presents a series of actions or flow of

control in a system. Activities modeled can be sequential and concurrent

[8].

Figure 3. 4 Activity Diagram of DigIMango

Figure 3.3 illustrates how the application will run the moment it is

used and installed on a mobile device. Before allowing to capture fruit

samples, the application will let the user choose as to the kind of entry

will be subject for analysis. Capturing the samples would then take place,

after analyzing the samples, the Application will let the user decide

whether to save or delete the results. Saving the results will allow them

to view the results until the moment it is deleted.

Functional Requirements

Listed below are the functional requirements of the system. In the

priority column, the following short hands are used:

M – Mandatory requirements (something the system must do)

D – Desirable requirements (something the system preferable

should do)

O – Optional requirements (something the system may do)

Table 3.5 Functional Requirements

No Requirement ID Requirement’s Description

Priority

RQ_01 CAPTURE PHOTOS

(MANGO FRUIT INDIVIDUAL OR BULK ENTRY)

1 RQ_01_01 User captures photos (mango samples) M

RQ_02 ANALYZE SAMPLES

2 RQ_02_01 System analyzes the percentage of black lesions M

RQ_03 VIEW RESULTS

3 RQ_02_01 User views the current analyzed samples . M

4 RQ_02_02 User views past saved sample results. M

RQ_04 SAVE RESULTS

5 RQ_04_01 User saves result. Saved results will be M

located in archive module.

RQ_05 DELETE RESULTS

6 RQ_05_01 User deletes current result. M

RQ_06 SARCH RESULTS

7 RQ_06_01 User searches for the saved results D

______________________________________________________________
 Table 3.6 explains the functional requirements of DigIMango.

These requirements will be the bases of the Application’s performance

testing. After the development of the system, it is expected to perform

the following requirements, especially the requirements that are labeled

mandatory.

System Flowchart

A flowchart is a representation of the step by step process and

decisions needed to perform a process [28]. The system flowchart

basically explains the workflow of the system.

 Figure 3.5 System Flow Chart

Figure 3.4 illustrates the data flow of the whole system, including the

possible outcomes in making decisions in operating the system.

 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

An entity relationship diagram (ERD) shows the relationships of

entity sets stored in a database. An entity in this context is an object, a

component of data. An entity set is a collection of similar entities. These entities

can have attributes that define its properties [27].

Figure 3.6 Entity Relationship Diagram

Figure 3.6 illustrates the data that will be stored in the database and as

to how these data relate to each other. The table “research” will hold all the

background information regarding the samples. This includes research name,

source, tree size, treatment and replicates together with the total assessment

of the transaction and the average area of infection. Lastly, is the “mango” table

holds the results for individual samples and is linked to the “research” table

through the foreign key “r_id”. These data will be the one to be used in delivering

the information needed by the user of the application.

Data Flow Diagram

A data flow diagram shows how the data are processed in

the system specifically the input and outputs. Data flow diagram mainly

focuses on the flow of information, on who give inputs, what outputs are

produced and also where it is stored [27].

Figure 3.7 Data Flow Diagram Levels 0

The figure above illustrates the main function of the system which

shows an overview of how the system would work.

Figure 3.8 Data Flow Diagram Levels 1

Figure 3.8 shows how the information is being processed. It

elaborates the flow of function and data in the Application. Level 1 data

flow diagram is a deeper illustration of the flow of the system.

Development Phase

In this phase, the application that is being conceptualized and

thoroughly designed is being coded. In the methodology used, coding

for different modules of the same prototype can proceed in parallel. The

development process can be in two stages: Coding for Functional

Requirement and Coding for UI requirements. The code is developed

first for the core functionalities. Parallel development can be done for

modules of the same prototypes that are independent of each other.

Subsequently, these modules can be integrated [32]. The flow and the

functions illustrated and discussed below will serve as the map in

developing the system.

Figure 3.9 Development Phase

In this phase, the developers took in consideration the techniques

that will be used to solve the problem on how to achieve the project’s

objectives and eventually turn it into code that will comprise the project’s

android application.
 This work also includes using a flow chart to ensure that the

process of the system is properly organized. First, images of the fruit(s)

are acquired using high resolution camera to get better results and

efficiency. Image processing techniques are then applied to these

images to extract useful features which will be required for further

analysis.

Image Aquisition Image Pre-processing Image Separation

Image Segmentation Image Quantification

Figure 3.10 Block Diagram of proposed approach

Figure 3.10 shows a basic block diagram of the proposed

Application. These includes the functions the developers would create

for the three main problems they have encountered. Step-by-step

explanation of the system is as follows:

A. Image Acquisition

Two images of a fruit or set of fruits with both its sides are

acquired using a camera. The fruit(s) is/are placed on a white

background, as much as possible without any light reflection for better

result. The camera is held horizontally to the plane of the fruit. The

photograph distance is neither too close nor too far; it is adjusted in such

a way that the photograph shows only background and the fruit itself.

For bulk fruit acquisition, an approximate distance of 1 inch between

each fruit should be strictly observed.

B. Image Pre-processing

The captured images undergo preprocessing. In this approach

the captured images are processed to remove shadows that could affect

the result. These shadows are removed using OpenCV’s MOG2

background subtraction.

Figure 3.11 Code snippet for shadow removal in OpenCV.

Figure 3.11 shows a code snippet for removing shadows using

OpenCV’s cv2.createBackgroundSubtractorMOG2() function, a

Gaussian Mixture-based Background/Foreground Segmentation

Algorithm that converts shadows into grey pixels [12].

C. Image Separation

This step is only applied in bulk scanning of the mango fruits. This

is necessary to examine each mango fruit individually. Each image is

separated by finding contours in the image through OpenCV’s canny

edge and contour function. Contour is a useful tool for shape analysis

and object detection and recognition [10].

D. Image Segmentation

After applying pre-processing and image separation (only applied

in bulk scanning) stage, the outcome of image is fed to the segmentation

stage. Segmentation is carried out based on histogram thresholding and

morphological operations [30]. Here, color space segmentation is used

by converting image into HSV color space.

The image will be processed by segmenting the color between

the mango and the background before collecting the value of the mango

to ensure that the color of the background does not interfere in

quantification of the image.

 E. Image Quantification

The image result from segmentation will then be used to quantify

the anthracnose disease characterized by lesions in the fruit’s surface.

Image quantification will start after collecting the values of the

segmented image. Each color values will be assigned through HSV color

space. Healthy surface will contain white pixels and surface with lesions

will have black pixels. Calculating surface area and percentage of

lesions are as done follows:

𝐴 = 𝑊𝑝𝑥 + 𝐵𝑝𝑥

𝐴 – 𝐵𝑝𝑥
𝑃=( ) × 100
𝐴

Where:

𝑊𝑝𝑥 = number of white pixels

𝐵𝑝𝑥 = number of black pixels

𝐴 = total surface area

𝑃 = percentage of surface lesions/anthracnose

With the use of this formulae gathered from Vithani [32], the detection and

evaluation of black lesion on anthracnose in mangoes will be made possible.

Prototyping Phase

Figure 3.12 Prototyping Phase

In this phase, the functional requirements of each prototype are

analyzed. The prototypes are tested and sent to the client for feedback.

After feedback is received from the client, the required changes are

implemented through the development phase. When the second

prototype is ready, it is integrated with the first prototype, tested and then

sent to the client [32]. Failure of getting the clients’ approval of the

prototype is subject for revision. The cycle will repeat until the application

is finished and the expected results are met.

The prototyping part aimed to make all functional requirements

adhere to what is asked by the application. The developers did the

design on paper first to leaving details behind. These mock-ups are

made for the whole flow of the system. These mock-ups are subjected

to checking and revision. Finally, the designs are coded and checked.

This is where the developers made a prototype/model of the application

that will be tested over and over until the desired result will be achieved.
 After the application has completed the source code needed, the

developers created a prototype/model that was utilized in the following

period of the application's development.

Mock-up

Figure 3.13 Application Mock-up

Testing Phase

Figure 3.14 Testing Phase

Testing is one of the most important phases of any development

lifecycle model. The testing of the prototype is performed on an

emulator/simulator followed by testing on the real device [32]. After

developing and prototyping the application, the next phase is the testing.

Here, Application is evaluated to check if all the system requirements

are made and the functions are executing well.

Testing the application is carried out first by the developers. If

bugs and other unwanted functions and errors will appear, changes will

be made in the system. This is done in a cycle. After checking the

functions of the system and passing the developer’s standards, this is

submitted to the technical adviser for another assessment and

evaluation.

The technical adviser has the expertise in mango anthracnose

severity rating. If system flaws occur, this will be returned to the

developer for review. The application system will be ready for

deployment after it passes the latter’s assessment and evaluation.

Deployment Phase

Figure 3.15 Deployment Phase

Deployment is the final phase of the development process. After

the testing is completed and the final feedback is obtained from the

client, the Application is ready for the deployment [32]. This means that

the product is ready to be used in the real environment by all end users

of the product.

The application will be uploaded to appropriate application store.

This will be available to anyone who needs it. It will also be given to the

proponents of the project who gave the developers the project idea. This

project will be a significant tool that they could use in their line of work.
Maintenance Phase

Figure 3.16 Maintenance Phase

The maintenance phase is the final phase and is a continuous

process. Feedback is collected from users and required changes are

made in the form of bug fixes or improvements. Appropriate security

patches, performances improvements, additional functionality, new user

interfaces should be provided at regular intervals in the form of updates

to the Application.

The maintenance phase also includes the marketing of the

application: advertising and highlighting its unique features. If any

application requires a backend server: this server and related operating

system must be maintained as well [32]. Anything that needs to be done

to improve the system, and to address some customer issues will be

done in this phase. This will be a cycle until the application will be stable.
 Chapter IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter presented the result of the study. The following are the

discussion of the outcome on each objective tackled in the previous chapters.

Evaluate the percentage of anthracnose lesions in a mango fruit.

In evaluating the percentage of anthracnose lesions in a mango fruit, it

is required to either capture or gather from gallery four (4) sides of a mango as

showed in figure 4.1 (a). These sides are the sides A and B that correspond to

the front and back part of the mango and the sides C and D that correspond to

the left and right part of the mango. After acquiring the image, the user can start

the process by clicking the “start process” button as shown in figure 4.1 (b), the

application evaluates and displays the percentage of anthracnose lesion found

in four sides of mango fruit along with its level of infection.

Figure 4.1 (a) Image Acquisition Activity of the application. (b) Shows the

evaluation result of the processed image.

Table 4.1 Accuracy test (evaluated by the expert)

Test Rating of Expert Mobile Application Remarks (0 or 1)

(%) Rating (%)

1 22.5 22.25 1
2 49 51.11 1
3 34 41.86 1
4 67.5 65.29 1
5 23 22.27 1
6 79 74.24 1
7 39 40.32 1

TOTAL: 7/7
REMARKS: ACCEPTED
Legend:
0 = Rejected
1 = Accepted

PAIRED SAMPLE T-TEST RESULT

Table 4.2 Paired Sample Statistics from accuracy test evaluated by the

expert (Table 4.1).

______________________________________________________________
Mean N Std. Deviation
Pair 1 Application 45.3343 7 19.87121

Expert 44.8571 7 21.70007

Table 4.2 shows a paired test result of the application and the expert’s

rating.
 Mean is the average calculated from each rating method (through

application and expert), N is the number of samples participated in the

calculation, Std. Deviation is a measure that is used to quantify the amount of

variation or dispersion of a set of rating values given. The mean rating of the

application with 45.33 and the expert’s with 44.56 is almost the similar, same

goes for its standard deviation. Therefore, the researchers conclude that the

application’s rating is acceptable and statistically not-significantly different.

Table 4.3 Paired Sample Correlation from accuracy test evaluated by the

expert (Table 4.1).

______________________________________________________________
N Correlation Sig.

Pair 1 Application & Expert 7 .986 0.000047

Table 4.3 shows the correlation of 0.986 (1 as the highest) with the

significance of 0.000047 of the application and the expert’s rating. Therefore,

the researchers were confident that the application’s rating is matched and is

positively correlated with the expert’s rating.

Table 4.4 Paired Samples Test from accuracy test evaluated by the

expert (Table 4.1).

95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference

Mean Std. Std. Lower Upper t dt Sig.

Deviation Error (2-
Mean tailed)

Pair Application- .47717 3.96900 1.50014 -3.14785 4.14785 .318 6 .761

1 Expert

Table 4.4 shows the t-value (t) of 0.318, degrees of freedom (df) of 6, a

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference with the lower-bound of -3.19367

and an upper-bound of 4.14785. The table also shows a probability of a given

t-value or can be referred as p-value (Sig (2-tailed)) of 0.761.

With the constant critical value (cv) of df-6 that is 2.447, the researchers

observed that the t-value is less than the critical value. The p-value 0.761 is

greater than 0.05 (a conventional (and arbitrary) threshold for declaring

statistical significance is a p-value of less than 0.05). Also, the Confidence

Interval of the difference crosses the zero value (a confidence interval around

a difference that does not cross zero also indicates statistical significance). All

these observations indicate that the samples that are tested (application’s and

expert’s rating) are statistically not-significantly different. This means that the

expert’s rating results is not different (statistically) from the application’s rating

results.
Calculate the rating of anthracnose disease on mango fruit at the

maximum of ten (10) samples in one transaction.

Shown in figure 4.2 are sample photos of ten (10) mango fruit that will

be calculated. The mango will be evaluated individually. In making the individual

rating, the photos of a mango will be cropped and paired to its four sides, front

side, back side, left side and right side. To get the precise results, there are

things that need to be considered such as, the mangoes must be at least one

(1) inch apart from each other, this is for the mango to be cropped accordingly.

Since ten mangoes will not fit in one row with the allowable size of the

background, the arrangement must be in two rows with the same distance from

each other. Note that in the process of capturing the four sides of the mango,

the mango must not be interchanged for it significantly affects the pairing and

results of the rating.

Shown in figure 4.3 is the result of calculating ten mangoes in one

transaction and the average evaluation of anthracnose lesions on all mangoes.

Figure 4.2 Position of 10 mangoes when captured.

 Figure 4.3 Individual result of 10 mangoes evaluation

Store the past ratings of projects that has been analyzed.

This functionality of the application shows the results of the transactions

that are being saved by the user. Saving results can be done after the

evaluation display and input of details. The analyzed results, are the information

about the samples such as the research name, treatment used, number of

replicate, source and tree size. Shown in the figures 4.4 (a) is the archive view

of the application, and in 4.4 (b) is the transaction result view. This functionality

is beneficial for the user for it stores information that which they can use in their

line of work. With this, shorter time will be taken to administer the research,

and easier in viewing result for it has saving options in which results can be

viewed anytime.
 (a) (b)

Figure 4.4 Screen Shot of Archive View

 TEST CASES

Test Case 1

The test performed in DigiMango is the image acquisition and the

evaluation of mango samples. The application evaluates and calculates the

percentage of black lesion in the mango samples.

(a) (b)

Figure 4.5 Evaluation of black lesion in mango fruits.

The figures above show how the image is being acquired, in which the

user must capture four (4) sides of the mango samples consequently as shown

in (Figure 4.5 a). The process of evaluation of the mango happens when the

user clicks the “start process” button. After doing so, the application will display

the individual evaluation and calculation of the sample fruits

Test Case 2

The test case 2 shows the saving results module of DigiMango. The application

will save result of the transactions done depending on the user’s choice.

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 4.6 Saving Transaction Results.

Figure 4.6. show how transaction are being processed. After the image

calculation, and the user wants to save the results of the test, the user must

write the necessary details as shown in (Figure 4.6 a) to identify one result from

the other. Aside from saving the application, a selection to add more mango is

also available. Since the application is made to calculate only ten mangoes at

a time, this functionality is added so that the user can store more than ten

mangoes in one file. Shown in (Figure 4.6 b) is the archive view of the

application, where all of the past saved results are shown. Lastly, shown in

(Figure 4.6 c) is an example of the application result view.

Test Case 3

The test case three is the constrain module of DigiMango. The module

that restricts the calculation of any other fruits or objects.

Figure 4.7 Restriction prompt

Figure 4.7 shows an example of the application constraint, in which when

other type of fruit is captured the application will not accept it, and will then ask

the user to take other photo. Additionally, it is also advised that in capturing the

mango, the capture must fit the background to its frame.

Table 4.5 Consistency trial on severity of mango anthracnose caused by

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides using DigiMango

Fruit Number of Trials Total Mean

No.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 26.35 26.37 27.64 26.38 25.39 26.71 26.25 27.90 26.98 26.12 266.09 26.609

2 50.33 50.75 50.48 50.34 51.14 51.79 51.11 50.85 52.26 53.22 512.27 51.227

3 40.18 41.20 42.33 42.36 42.40 42.87 41.86 40.68 42.33 42.51 418.72 41.872

4 63.74 63.43 64.29 65.17 64.67 65.34 65.29 64.27 65.58 65.17 646.95 64.695

5 22.91 24.04 24.29 23.84 23.55 24.23 22.27 22.07 25.93 23.90 237.03 23.703

6 78.52 75.98 73.20 75.09 76.29 75.96 74.24 74.29 76.49 76.06 756.12 75.612

7 41.44 41.69 41.89 39.25 40.40 40.47 40.32 36.18 42.48 42.01 406.13 40.613

8 74.89 74.27 74.67 74.45 73.40 74.21 75.10 75.36 73.02 74.12 743.49 74.349

9 33.02 33.53 31.23 32.22 33.60 33.75 34.21 34.01 33.64 34.67 333.88 33.388

10 48.90 49.04 49.46 48.84 48.65 48.94 48.34 49.59 48.34 48.65 488.75 48.875

Table 4.5 shows the consistency trial done in the testing phase of the

application.
 Chapter V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusion

The objectives of the study were all met by the developers during the

phases allotted for the specific task these objectives are namely: (1) evaluate

the percentage of anthracnose lesions in a mango fruit, in which in every

transaction a rating of the evaluation of anthracnose on mangoes was

presented individually. (2) Calculate the rating of anthracnose disease on

mango fruit at the maximum of ten (10) samples in one transaction, where the

user can assess ten (10) mangoes at the same time, additionally the users can

add more mangoes by doing another transaction in one project this is by the

feature “add more mangoes. Lastly, (3) store the past ratings of projects that

have been analyzed, wherein the user can save the transaction together with

the additional samples information. This application is available offline and can

be accessed through android smartphones.

In the process of crafting the application, the developers had gone

through thorough experimentation to produce accurate results and by such, the

developers found out few things that need to be considered while using the

application. (1) Luminance. This factor has massive effect to the result of the

application, therefore it is added to the scope and limitations that the application

must be used indoor with a bright light coming from the fluorescent. (2) Turning

on smartphone flash. When taking image against the light shadows might

appear in the image and will affect the processing of the image that is why it is

advised to turn on the flash. (3) Distance of the phone to the subject. In testing
the application, the developers found out that the smartphone cameras have

different angles when it comes to focus, other cameras exhibit wide focus and

others are narrow. With this, the developer added that in capturing the samples,

the white cloth or the paper that will be used as background must be fit in the

frame. (4) Capturing samples in four sides. Initially the application is planned

to be captured in just two sides, but later on as the testing phase goes, the

developers and their technical expert noticed that there are parts of the

mangoes that cannot be calculated. This is because a mango is a three

dimensional object and an image from the phone capture can just be evaluated

in a two dimensional manner thus results vary. With this, the technical expert

advice that the application should capture all sides of the mango and just do

the manipulation in the code which is earnestly obeyed by the developers.

Additionally, the developers found out that there are slight differences to the

results when using different smartphone brand, and as we dig dip into the

reasons of dissimilarities, we have found out that different smartphones exhibit

different camera lens and sensor that give different image results even when

the cameras have the same megapixels.

Mobile Application Development Lifecycle proved its effectiveness in

developing mobile application. Through the phases in this methodology, the

proponents were able to finish the application. Through the use of digital image

processing, rating the severity of anthracnose disease on mangoes is made

possible. Prior to the deployment of the application it was being tested and was

proven effective as it reaches the 95% accuracy goal, given that all the

discussed considerations above are followed accordingly.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of the study, the following are recommended by

the developers for future improvements, mobility and environment of

DigiMango.

1. The application shall be able to run on IOS and Windows platforms and

must not be limited to android phones only.

2. It shall be able to evaluate and calculate more than ten (10) mangoes in

one process to lessen the time it would take in administering the

researches.

3. It is recommended to the future developers to enable cloud computing

backup functions to avoid probable data loss.

4. Adding web application that would automatically generate reports

through excel is also recommended by the developers for better access.

Implementation Plan

This part of the documentation focused mainly on the implementation of

the strategic plans for application accomplishment. Tables were created that

shows the list of activities together with the processes which the developers

dealt with for the application to acquire the objectives of the study.

A. Project Implementation Checklist

In order to keep track of the development of the application. By

completing this checklist, the proponents are assured that the

application has met all the necessary functions the application must

acquire.
Table 5.1 Project Implementation Checklist of DigiMango

Tasks Yes No Assessment

Project Development
Does the project meet the expected √ Completed
objectives and limitations?
Are all the requirements of the system √ Completed
met?
Is the quality of the system highly √ Completed
achieved?
System Analysis and Design

Is the coding of the system suitable to the √ Completed

given requirements?
Is the interface design user-friendly? √ Completed

Is system requirements properly analyzed? √ Completed

Does the system logic associate to the √ Completed

requirements?
Installation

Was the application properly installed on √ Completed

the mobile phone?
Is the application compatible with the given Completed
software requirements?
System Developers and Users

Does the user have knowledge regarding √ Completed

the application?
Are the developers dedicated throughout √ Completed
the system development?
 Table 5.1 presents the list of implementation checklist done in the

project. It shows that the application has met its expected objectives and

system requirements asked by the user. The developers created a user friendly

application that would satisfy the user s needs, and assured that the application

can be successfully installed in a smartphone device which will met the

hardware and software specification declared in Table 2.2 and Table 2.3.

Furthermore, the developers evaluated through the prerequisites of the

application and has done all the necessary measures to avoid problems in the

said phase.

B. Implementation Contingency

A contingency plan was prepared by the developers to help deal

with the certain problems that might occur in the application.

Connection Failure

The application is made to run in an offline environment which is

why the problem with internet connecting is ceased to occur.

User Involvement

The application interface is made user friendly that is why users

manipulation of the application is easier. A part of the application found

in the menu called “How to use” is also created by the developers in

which it has instructions how the application operates, together with the

things the user must consider while using the application.

C. Infrastructure Development

To ensure that the infrastructure implementation in inclined with

the study’s objectives and making sure that the application is working

accordingly when it is deployed to the user. In connection to this the

developers examined the infrastructure and deployment of the

application.

 Testing – it is a technique that allows the developers to identify

the bugs and errors in the application. Testing a very important

part in the application development, through this the developers

can be able to promptly act to the situations in hand that might

affect the other functions of the application.

 Development – In this part the developer must meet all the

requirements of the system, the objectives, specification, and

user expectations.

 People – It refers to the user of the application.

 Tools – this refers to the tool that is used for the application to

function, for this application a smartphone with at least Android

marshmallow mobile OS.

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I.
 APPENDIX A

RELEVANT SOURCE CODE

 APPENDIX B

SAMPLE INPUT/OUTPUT

INPUT

Output
 APPENDIX C

USERS MANUAL

MAIN MENU

3 4

1. Capture/Select Photo Button – the

button that sends the user to the main
function of the application.
2. Archive Button – holds the past results
that was being saved by the user.
3. How to Use Button – has the instruction
on how to use the application.
4. Close App Button – closes the
application
CAPTURING SAMPLES

3 2

1. Capture subject using phone cameras.

2. Choose subject image from stored
images on gallery.
3. Copy Image from side A to B or from C
to D.
4. Copy Image from side B to A or from D
to C.
5. After all of the images are acquired the
user can now click start process to view
evaluation results.
6. Back to Main Menu.

5
6
INPUT SAMPLE INFORMATION/ SAVING RESULTS

1 4

2 2

1. Fill all text fields allotted for the subject’s

information.
2. Click to show or hide other menu buttons.
3. Click to save results.
4. Every transaction can only cater 10 samples, if the
samples are more than the number you can add
another transaction. This button will allow you to
save more than ten result.
5. Perform new test.
6. Back to Main Menu
ARCHIVE VIEW

2 4

3 3

1. Search saved results.

2. Display in scrolled list saved result.
3. Click to view other menus.
4. Result Display.
 5
7

6 6

5. Perform new test.

6. Back to main menu.
7. Delete the recorded result.
8. Search saved result.
 APPENDIX D

CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that the undersigned has reviewed and went through all the
pages of the proposed project study / research entitled “DigiMango – A Digital Image
Processing on Anthcnose Severity of Mango” developed by LOUIE G.
SIMBAJON, GIA LORRAINE C. MATA and DESSA GRACE L. YBAÑEZ as
against the set of structural rules that govern the composition of sentences, phrases, and
words in the English language.

Signed: Date Signed:

MS. DONNA G. MAGALLANES December 5, 2018

Grammarian
 APPENDIX E

CURRICULUM VITAE

GIA LORRAINE C. MATA

Prk. I-Rizal Brgy. Canocotan Tagum City
09098119069 gialorrainemata16@gmail.com

OBJECTIVES:

Seeking a challenging career that has progressive organization that

provides an opportunity that will utilize my technical skills and abilities

EMPLOYMENT HISTORY

Ideahub Solutions Inc.

On-the-Job Trainee
3F/4F AMAARA Center Building 1045 Jacinto Extension Poblacion
District Davao City
July 2017- August 2017

KEY SKILLS:

• Competent in customer support skills of communication, attentiveness,

respect, problem-solving abilities and organize.
• Capability of maintaining confidentiality of the office data, records, files
and activities.
• Can perform task with less supervision.
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Bachelor in Science Information Technology (BSIT)

University of Southeastern Philippines
Apokon, Tagum City
2015 - Present
Tagum National Trade School
Apokon, Tagum City
2011-2015

TECHNICAL COMPETENCE:

• PHP, Java Computer programming, Android.

• Photoshop, Video Editing
• Proficient in working on MS office applications of MS Word, MS Excel,
and MS PowerPoint.

SEMINARS ATTENDED:

Mental Health Care Awareness

University of Southeastern Philippines (USeP)
FTC Hall, Apokon, Tagum City
March 20, 2018

Personality Development Seminar

University of Southeastern Philippines (USeP)
FTC Hall, Apokon, Tagum City

PERSONAL DATA:

Birthday : September 16, 1998

Sex : Female

Civil Status : Single

Height : 5’2”

Weight : 52 kg.
REFERENCE:

Ms. Fraulein B. Silva

University of Southeastern Philippines
Guidance In-charge
09460575259

Mr. Francisco C. Remitar

Sangguniang Panlalawigan
Board Member
09569845457

I declare that the above-written particulars are true and correct to the best of
my knowledge and beliefs.

GIA LORRAINE C. MATA

Applicant
 LOUIE G. SIMBAJON
Purok-10, Magdum, Tagum City, Davao Del Norte, 8100
+63 909-0914-607 louiesimbajonofficial@gmail.com

OBJECTIVES:

Seeking a challenging career that has progressive organization that

provides an opportunity that will utilize my technical skills and abilities

EMPLOYMENT HISTORY
New Options Worldwide (NOW) Outsourcing Services

On-the-Job Trainee
Pink Walters Building, 4th Floor Davao Del
Sur PH, Quimpo Blvd, Talomo, Davao City,
8000
July 2017- August 2017

KEY SKILLS:

• Competent in customer support skills of communication, attentiveness,

respect, problem-solving abilities and organize.
• Capability of maintaining confidentiality of the office data, records, files
and activities.
• Can perform task with less supervision.

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
 Bachelor in Science Information Technology (BSIT)
University of Southeastern Philippines
Apokon, Tagum City
2015 - 2019
La Filipina National High School
Apokon, Tagum City
2010-2014

TECHNICAL COMPETENCE:

Languages: Java, C/C+/C#, Visual Basic, SQL, PHP, Android

Web: HTML, CSS, Javascript, PHP
Software: MS Visual Studio, MySQL, E-DrawMax, MS Project, MS
Office, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Audition, JCreator, Sony
Vegas Pro, Sketch Up, Android Studio
Methods: Object-Oriented Analysis/Design, Unified Modeling
Language (UML), Extensive Mark-up Language (XML)

SEMINARS ATTENDED:

Mental Health Care Awareness

University of Southeastern Philippines (USeP)
FTC Hall, Apokon, Tagum City
March 20, 2018

Personality Development Seminar

University of Southeastern Philippines (USeP)
FTC Hall, Apokon, Tagum City

Waste Management Seminar

University of Southeastern Philippines (USeP)
PECC Gym, Apokon, Tagum City

Action Planning and Seminar Workshop

University of Southeastern Philippines (USeP)
Obrero, Davao City

SSG Midyear Convention

University of Southeastern Philippines (USeP)
FTC Hall, Apokon, Tagum City

Legislative Convention
 University of Southeastern Philippines (USeP)
Obrero, Davao City

University Leadership Enhancement Training

University of Southeastern Philippines (USeP)
Bislig City

PERSONAL DATA:

Birthday : September 29, 1998

Sex : Female

Civil Status : Single

Height : 6”

Weight : 72 kg.

REFERENCE:

Ms. Fraulein B. Silva

University of Southeastern Philippines
Guidance In-charge
09460575259

I declare that the above-written particulars are true and correct to the best of
my knowledge and beliefs.

LOUIE G. SIMBAJON
Applicant