SKL 3013: CHEMISTRY LABORATORY MANAGEMENT

TECHNIQUES

EXPERIMENT 2:
APPARATUS AND MEASUREMENT IN THE LABORATORY

NAME NO MATRIC

FATINI ZAKIRAH BINTI ZAHARIN D20161073878

NOOR NADHIRAH BINTI HUSAINI D20161073906

GROUP :A
SEMESTER : 2 2017/2018
DATE EXPERIMENT : 2 MARCH 2018
LECTURER : DR. LEE TIEN TIEN
2.1 OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of this activity, students should be able to:
1. Know the correct apparatus to be used for transferring samples e.g.: solids and
liquid,
2. Apply the concept of accuracy and precision in measurement,
3. Operate the electronic balance and record data with the correct figures,
4. Apply the technique of using volumetric apparatus such as pipette and graduated
cylinder,
5. Apply the derivative of measurement for example to determine the density of the
solid objects.

2.2 PROCEDURES
ACTIVITY 1: MASS
ACTIVITY 2: VOLUME
2.3 RESULTS
ACTIVITY 1: MASS
Top-Loading Balance
Reading
I II
(1) Mass of crucible 31.11g 31.20g
(2) Mass of crucible lid 22.01g 21.91g
(3) Sum of (1) and (2) 31.11 + 22.01 = 31.20 + 21.91 = 53.11g
53.12g
(4) Mass of crucible and lid 53.15g 53.17g
(5) Difference between (3) 53.15 - 53.12 = 0.03g 53.17 - 53.11 = 0.06g
and (4)
(6) Average value of (4)
53.15 + 53.17
= 53.16𝑔
2
(7) Relative deviation of (4)
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎 (4)−𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎 (6)
𝑥 100 53.15 − 53.16 53.17 − 53.16
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎 (6) | | 𝑥 100 | | 𝑥 100
53.16 53.16

= 0.0188% = 0.0188%
(8) Average of relative 0.0188 + 0.0188
deviation = 0.0188%
2

Analytical Balance
Reading
I II
(1) Mass of crucible 31.1791g 31.1781g
(2) Mass of crucible lid 21.9285g 21.9843g
(3) Sum of (1) and (2) 31.1791 + 21.9285 = 31.1781 + 21.9843 =
53.1076g 53.1624g
(4) Mass of crucible and 53.1622g 53.1616g
lid
(5) Difference between 53.1622 - 53.1076 = 53.1624 - 53.1616 =
(3) and (4) 0.0546g 0.0008g
(6) Average value of (4) 53.1622 + 53.1616
= 53.1619𝑔
2

(7) Relative deviation of

(4) 53.1622 − 53.1619 53.1624 − 53.1619
| | 𝑥 100 | | 𝑥 100
53.1619 53.1619
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎 (4)−𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎 (6)
𝑥 100
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎 (6) = 5.6431X10−4 % =5.6431X10−4 %
(8) Average of relative 5.6431X10−4 + 5.6431X10−4
deviation = 5.6431X10−4 %
2
ACTIVITY 2: VOLUME
Graduated Cylinder
Reading
I II
(1) Mass of beaker 42.3036g 30.0247g
(2) Mass of beaker and 52.0991g 39.8851g
water
(3) Mass of water (2) – 52.0991 - 42.3036 = 39.8851 – 30.0247 =
(1) 9.7955g 9.8604g
(4) Average value of (3) 9.7955 − 9.8604
= 9.8280𝑔
2
(5) Calculated mass of m = 𝜌𝑣
water = (0.9970)(10)
= 9.9700𝑔
(6) Relative error of (3) 9.7955 − 9.9700 9.8604 − 9.9700
| | 𝑥 100 | | 𝑥 100
9.9700 9.9700
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎 (3)−𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎 (5) = 1.0993%
𝑥 100 = 1.7503 %
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎 (5)
(7) Average of relative 1.7503 + 1.0993
error = 1.4248 %
2
(8) Relative deviation of 9.7955 − 9.8280 9.8604 − 9.8280
(3) 𝑥 100 𝑥 100
9.8280 9.8280
= 0.3302% = 0.3302%
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎 (3)−𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎 (4)
𝑥 100
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎 (4)
(9) Average of relative 0.3302 + 0.3302
deviation = 0.3302%
2

Temperature of water = 25℃

From the table 2.1, density of water = 0.9970 g/mL
Pipette
Reading
I II
(1) Mass of beaker 35.0493g 29.3146g
(2) Mass of beaker and 44.7523g 38.9758g
water
(3) Mass of water (2) – 44.7523 – 35.0493 = 38.9758 – 29.3146 =
(1) 9.7030 g 9.6612g
(4) Average value of (3) 9.7030 + 9.6612
= 9.6821𝑔
2
(5) Calculated mass of m = 𝜌𝑣
water = (0.9970)(10)
= 9.9700𝑔
(6) Relative error of (3) 9.7030 − 9.9700 9.6612 − 9.9700
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎 (3)−𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎 (5) | | 𝑥 100 | | 𝑥 100
𝑥 100 9.9700 9.9700
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎 (5) = 2.6780 % = 3.0970 %
(7) Average of relative 2.6780 + 3.0970
error = 0.02888 %
2
(8) Relative deviation of 9.7030 − 9.6821 9.6612 − 9.6821
(3) 𝑥 100 𝑥 100
9.6821 9.6821
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎 (3)−𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎 (4) = 0.2169% = 0.2169%
𝑥 100
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎 (4)
(9) Average of relative 0.2159 + 0.2159
deviation = 0.2169%
2

Temperature of water = 25℃

From table 2.1, density of water = 0.9970 g/mL
2.4 DISCUSSION:
ACTIVITY 1:
For the activity 1, we had to compare the value of average relative between top-loading
balance and analytical balance in order to determine the most precision apparatus to
weighing the crucible. From the experiment, the average relative deviation for top-
loading balance are 0.0188%. For analytical balance, the average relative deviation is
5.6431X10−4 %. So, we can conclude that the most precision apparatus to weighing
crucible is by using analytical balance because it has lower percent than top-loading
balance.
Based on the theory, analytical balance is precise than top-loading balance. The
experiment is success because the result is followed the theory.

ACTIVITY 2:
For the activity 2, we had to compare the value of average relative error and average
relative deviation between graduated cylinder and pipette in order to determine the most
accuracy and precision apparatus to measure the volume of water. From the experiment,
the average relative error and the average relative deviation for graduated cylinder are
1.4248% and 0.3302% respectively. For pipette, the average relative error is 0.02888%
and the average relative deviation is 0.2169%. So, we can conclude that the most
accuracy and precision apparatus to measure the volume of water by using pipette
because it has lower percent relative error and relative deviation than graduated
cylinder.
We also repeated two times of reading to make sure the precision is obtained.
This is important because if we only do for one trial, it will affect the result and the
actual reading of this experiment cannot be obtained. So, we need to repeat and read it
carefully to get a better result. Based on the theory, pipette is more accurate and precise
than graduated cylinder. The experiment is success because the result is followed the
theory.
2.5 CONCLUSIONS:
In conclusion, the theory said that the most precise apparatus to weighing are top-
loading balance and the apparatus to measure at the most precise and accurate was
pipette. From this experiment, we had obtained the same result as the theory which got
top-loading balance as the most precise apparatus to weighing and pipette as the most
accurate and precise apparatus on measure the volume. So, our experiment was success.
2.6 REFERENCES:

GCC CHM151LL: Accuracy and percision of laboratory glassware: Determining the

density of water. (2009). Retrieved from web.gccaz.edu:
http://web.gccaz.edu/~rob2108739/Density%20of%20Water/A%20and%20P%2
0Lab%20Glassware.pdf

Christian, D. G. Analytical Chemistry, 6thEdition, John Wiley & Sons Inc

2.7 APPENDIX: