Hello dear students: This is a basic grammar review. I give you some exercises, I hope you enjoy it!!!

GRAMMAR: Grammar is important because it is the language that makes it possible for us to talk about language. Grammar names
the types of words and word groups that make up sentences not only in English but in any language. As human beings, we can put
sentences together even as children--we can all do grammar. But to be able to talk about how sentences are built, about the types of
words and word groups that make up sentences--that is knowing about grammar. And knowing about grammar offers a window into
the human mind and into our amazingly complex mental capacity.

Knowing about grammar helps us understand what makes sentences and paragraphs clear and interesting and precise. Grammar can
be part of literature discussions.
Knowing about grammar means finding out that all languages and all dialects follow grammatical patterns.

SIMPLE PRESENT TO BE

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE WH QUEDTIONS INTERROGATIVE

I am (I'm) I am not (I'm not) How Am I am I?

you are (you're) you are not (you're not) Where are you? are you?

he is (he's) he is not (he's not) How is He? How is She is he? Is She?

we are (we're) we are not (we're not) Why are you (Adjective -sad – happy – etc. – Preposition in – on – at – etc.) are we?
you are (you're) you are not (you're not) Why are you. are you?
they are (they're) they are not (they're not) Where are they? are they?

READING:

Pollution is an environmental concern for people throughout the world.

The major kinds of pollution are air pollution, water pollution, and land pollution.
Commercial or industrial waste is a significant portion of solid waste.

YES, NO, QUESTION

To Be Subject Complement
Is Pollution an environmental concern for people throughout the world?

Wh. Question: Wh. ( What – Where – Who – How – When – Why)

What is pollution?
Why is pollution an environmental concern for people?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

S + V TO BE (AM – IS – ARE) Principal Verb +ING

Use the Present Continuous with Normal Verbs to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show
that something is not happening now. we use the Present Continuous to say that we are in the process of doing a longer action which is in progress;

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE WH QUESTIONS INTERROGATIVE

I am working (I'm) I am not working (I'm not) How Am I working Am I working?

you are playing (you're) you are not playing (you're not) Where are you playing? Are you playing?

He is eating (he's)
We are studying (we're)
You are cutting a fruit(you're)
They are drinking (they're)
he is not eating (he's not) What is He eating? How is She Is he eating? Is She eating?
we are not studying (we're not) Where are you studying? Are we studying?
you are not cutting an apple Why are you cutting it?.
Are you cutting the orange?
(you're not)
they are not drinking (they're not) Why are they drinking soda? Are they drinking soda?

Fish are eating the plastics and other contaminants in the sea,
- Are fish eating plastics ?
- What are fish eating ?
- we’re producing so much waste

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or
something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.

The simple present is used:

- To express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes:
I smoke (habit); I recycle plastic and paper (unchanging situation);

- To give instructions or directions: - Conserve energy – Turn off lights, computers, and electric appliances when not in use.
- Use energy efficient light bulbs and appliances.
- Participate in your local utility's energy conservation programs.

- To express fixed arrangements, present or future: Your exam starts at 09.00

AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE: WH.QUESTION
INTERROGATIVE
I recycle. I don't recycle. What Do you recycle Do I recycle? Yes, I do. No, I don't.
You work. You don't contaminate. Why Do you contaminate the environment Do you contaminate? Yes you do. No, you don't.
We work. We don't use plastic. Do we use plastic? Yes we do. No, we don't.
They work. They don't cut trees. Do they cut trees? Yes they do. No, they don't.

Simple present, third person singular

Note:
he, she, it: in the third person singular the verb always ends in -s:
he wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks.

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE WH.QUESTION

He recycles He does not recycle Does he recycle? Why does he recycle?

Verbs ending in -y : the third person changes the -y to -ies: fly flies, cry cries

Exception: if there is a vowel before the -y:

play plays, pray prays

Add -es to verbs ending in:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch: he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes

- Environmental pollution affects biodiversity, ecosystems, and human health worldwide

- pollutants in the water, air, and soil cause up to 40% of the premature deaths in the world's population.

Fill in the blanks with the correct simple present tense form of the verb (in parentheses):
Produce – grow - cause – result -
Acid rain _________ mainly from the coal powered factories, which __________ inexpensive goods for North American and European consumers.
Soil pollution ___________ major health risks to entire ecosystems. Farmers in poor nations __________food in contaminated soil. Farmers need
water to irrigate crops. Microbial contaminants include bacteria and viruses.

WRITE DIFFERENT WH. QUESTION ABOUT THE TEXT.

- Fill in the blanks with appropriate simple present tense form of the verb given in the brackets.

. Pollution( To be) _________ an environmental concern for people throughout the world. . One university study ( suggest)___________ that
pollutants in the water, air, and soil (cause) ____________ up to 40% of the premature deaths in the world's population. The majority of these deaths
(occur) ___________ in developing countries.

Toxic chemicals ( to be) ____________ (contaminate)_________________water. The World Health Organization (WHO)
( estimate)______________ that 1.1 billion people ( have) ____________ little or no access to clean water. In many of these regions People (use)
_______________the water for drinking, cooking, and washing.

MAKE NEGATIVE SENTENCES

Factories, power plants and cars burn fossil fuels such as oil and coal. _______________________________________________________

MAKE QUESTIONS

Ask for the underlined part. Write the complete English question : What – Where – Why – How – When

1. Water pollution affects plants. ___________________________________________________________________?

2. Water pollution is damaging individual species and populations. ___________________________________________?

3. People are recycling to save the planet. ______________________________________________________________?