Perceptions of Federalism Among Students

PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS
FEDERALISM
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Federalism is a new implemented features spread all over the country under the
governance of the Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte who aim changes in country’s form of
government. Due to this issue, a recent survey by Pulse Asia found that 67% of Filipinos
opposed that changes while 18% where in favored and the other 14% where remain undecided
(Heydarian, 2018).
Federal government refer to the distribution of power means that governing power is
divided in all religion with diverse group and needs but a common culture will unite them
together (Benz, 2018). Therefore each region has the capacity and capability in running their
own region. They are self-rule and remain independent in using their own scars resources located
in their own location. Every group have the freedom in achieving goals whom they believe it will
mark the best and contribute productivity for their places.
This paper entitled “The Perception of HUMSS Senior High School Students towards
Federalism” aims to evaluate and study the level of awareness of HUMSS students with regards
with the two main concern namely Economic Growth and Political Governance under the federal
government. This paper contains all the information that the researchers had gathered from their
precised respondents by the use of self-made questionnaires that are valid and accessible in any
1
FEDERALISM
form of uses. Aside from evaluating the students’ awareness the purpose of this investigation is
to consider the potential outcomes of federalism in our country based on the following
perception of current respondents.
The importance of this study is to determine the perception of HUMSS senior high school
students with regards to federal government as well as studying the possible effect of federalism
in our country with the two major area, the political governance and economic development
either it may help for the productivity of our country or it may lead for unpredictable conflict and
a chaotic environment. Also, this investigation contain information that could help people to
understand federalism clearly. It is necessary for having enough knowledge in order to avoid any
form of misunderstanding that may result negative effects that could harm one another.
2
FEDERALISM
Review of Related Literature
Local Studies
Federalism will create fast solutions for the community problems in local government.
They will not going to wait for the national government’s decision in addressing the problem.
And also local governments can utilize their own resources for the development of their own
localities.
Knowledge from Outsource-Philippines (2018), the Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte
wants the local government to be responsible in their actions in terms of good governance for
their local citizens. He wants the local government to be independent in creating solutions,
employing of policies and making important decisions.
Outsource-Philippines (2018) added that, local government will not depend on Metro
Manila alone because they will have their financial independency that will concentrate their
attention in accommodating their people faster.
Federalism have different views. This may bring both positive and negative outcomes.
But the most important thing is that citizen should cooperate hand in hand with the government
for the development of the country.
According to Torres (2018) the local governments doesn’t need to consult their actions in
the national government in governing their people.
3
FEDERALISM
Another knowledge from Torres (2018), development of local economies is considered as
one of the pros of federal government system. Federal systems will let the local states manage
their own resources and funds.
Federalism constantly expound along two strand; adoption of a federal form of
government and achieving sustainable peace in Mindanao. Federal form of government sustains
the means to decline the unequal allocation of resources, while the other is to defend the national
unity while protecting regional diversity.
The economic literature of fiscal federalism implies that the federal form of government
can obtain economic efficiency and societal welfare by bringing government closer to the people,
amend autonomy and possibly raised greater participation of citizens in the local government,
strengthen national unity. The aforementioned are significant to the extent of decentralization.
Another benefit from federalism, citizen with the same concerns can hook up together,
constitute set of rules and may defend their states as opposed to the nation.
Another knowledge from Jimenez (2016), the health, education, agriculture and etc. are
the revenues that will stay on each state in their justice and foreign affairs.
Also another knowledge from So (2016), the first Mindanaoan president was President
Rodrigo Duterte and he sees that federalism means to obtain peace. He also hopes to end the
poverty in Mindanao for the focal cause of rebellion in the country.
According to GORPH (2017), the first local chief executive elected straight to the office
of the president was the first Mindanaoan president which is President Rodrigo Duterte.
4
FEDERALISM
Another knowledge from Ronquillo (2016), independency was one of the disadvantage of
the regions that could no longer be united with the other regions. It may also lead to rivalry that
may result to a civil war if it loses control.
In federalism, the authority of the government is dissect between two set of government.
It is done to address the needs of the people in every states and also to develop quick actions to
problems in the community. But also there is a one national government which govern the
country’s territory to secure its people and utilize the resources.
Federalism will lead to a higher economic growth due to a decentralize government.
Decentralized government has freedom to choose on what policy in taxation should be used to
generate a greater chance of development. And also, states with lower productivity level can
choose or copy some policies from another state with regards to taxation, community regulations
and other concerns to ensure the development of their state.
Economic development can be recognized through the enhancement of every individual
in a specific country with regards to their health status, well-being and academic level. It is not
only limited to those aforementioned concepts, public education, lifespans and workers income
are also entailed. In short both economic and social conditions are improved. (MBN, 2019)
Federalism is the solution to a better state because in this idea, everyone can comply
without a settlement of their differences. (Malaya, 2016)
5
FEDERALISM
According to Ronquillo (2016) claim the disadvantage of federalism is when regions
could no longer be united with other regions because of its independency. Thus, it may lead to
the rivalry which could result in a civil war if this could lose control.
According to Rodrigo Duterte, being the first Mindaonaoan president, Federalism means
obtaining peace. He address the poverty in Mindanao for it is one of the focal cause of rebellion
in our country.
Political instability might influence Philippine economy by intruding in the
system distribution and property rights, political regimes, declaration of martial law, emergency
rule, federalism, military uprisings, and impeachment.
In addition, corruption also brings negative effect on economic growth. Investments risk
rises, investment choices are undetermined, and investment placements are diverted, due to
unpredictable provision of amount of payoffs, continuous exchange of illegal goods and services,
and it negates competitions.
Federalism talks about the distribution of power to every state, wherein this power can
help them to have their own progression and individuals’ productivity. In this process every state
can be stabilized and developed.
6
FEDERALISM
Foreign Studies
According to Nye (2010), President Duterte notice some tactics at global level that people
do not only depend on the world government, but value the justice and autonomy as well as with
peace.
Federalism have a big advantage to local members because they are close enough to the
government. (Dooley and Patten, 2013)
Knowledge from Dooley and Patten (2013), the realm of public policy in the states can be
viewed as social laboratories that are free form experiment that is allowed in federalism.
According from Trueman (2016), the independent government agencies clearly explains
the role and powers that they wield also their lives and their work were affected.
According to Filipiknow (2016), President Rodrigo Duterte bring up about the topic of
federalism, not only for locals to hear it but also for everyone. Even his proposition towards the
government about federalism was taken slightly but he still goes for the proposes to establish it.
As the first federal country, United States have been success in implementing Federalism which
makes their country more productive. (Robin, 2013)
Many countries now are in a federal state, including European Union, Canada, Brazil,
India, and Belgium. (Wilston, 2013)
7
FEDERALISM
According to Romers (2018), economic case is the most important cases can be used
against the idea of federalism in the Philippines. This unitary form of government can be used
against Duterte administration because they are the one who propose this.
Synthesis of the Study
The researchers find that are relevant to the Perception of HUMSS Senior High School
Students towards Federalism. According to Hatfield, if one country is under federal government
and decentralized there is a greater chance that the government could have higher economic
growth and was supported by the Market Business News that through individual enhancement
both social and economic conditions can be improve.
Also the extent of decentralization can obtain economic efficiency and societal welfare
by bringing people close to the government thus it creates stronger bonds between the citizens
and politicians.
But later those studies are contradicted by Ronquillo (2016), which he states that
federalism has its own disadvantage. When there is independency it might cause rivalry because
states could no longer be united and it might lose the power and control among the citizens and
the government.
The uniqueness of this study is that it shows the perception of HUMSS Senior High
School students towards federalism and it uses variables that correspond on how federal
government works.
8
FEDERALISM
Statement of the Problem
This research entitled “Perception of HUMSS Senior High School Student on
Federalism” aims to know the perception of HUMSS students on Federalism and to answer the
following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Sex
2. What is the perception of respondents on federalism in the following areas:
2.1 Economic Development
2.2 Political Governance
3. Is there any significant difference in the perception of the respondents on federalism
when grouped according to reliable and taken as a whole?
Hypothesis
Therefore, the researchers conclude that there is a no significant difference in the
perception of HUMSS students in terms of economic development, political governance, age and
sex.
9
FEDERALISM
Scope and Limitation
This study focused on the Perception of HUMSS Senior High School Students on
Federalism. The main respondents of the study are the HUMSS Senior High School Students of
Silay Institute. The researchers conducted the survey by distributing questionnaires.
The respondents limit its respondents only to HUMSS Senior High School Students of
Silay Institute.
Significance of the Study
 Students- present investigations enable them to realize what to response and act regards
to federalism.
 Teachers- the result of this investigation provides essential information about the
perception of their students towards federalism.
 School- the result of this study could gave relevance information towards school to know
the perception of HUMSS students concerning federalism.
 Government- findings of this study could serve as an awareness and would lead them to
action on students with regards to their knowledge about federalism.
 Future Researchers- data from this study may be used as references for other
researchers who are interested in conducting study related to the perception of HUMSS
students on federalism.
10
FEDERALISM
Theoretical Framework
This study is anchored in Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs.
According to Mclead, (2018), Maslow hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in
psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels
within a pyramid.
Mclead stated that Maslow (1934, 1954) explains on how people are being motivated to
achieve certain needs and that some needs take precedence over others. Our most primary needs
are for physical survival, and this will be the first thing that motivates our behaviour.
Physiological needs are the biological requirements for human survival such as air, food,
water, shelter, clothing, warm, sex, and sleep. These needs should be satisfied first in order for
the body to function effectively. Maslow considered physiological needs the most essential as all
the other needs become secondary until these needs are met.
Safety needs includes protection from elements, security, order, law, stability and
freedom from fear.
After physiological and safety needs have been fulfilled, the third level of human needs is
social and involves feelings of belongingness. The need for connecting with other people
motivates behaviour. It includes friendship, family, work and so on.
11
FEDERALISM
Esteem needs which classified by Maslow into two categories; (i) esteem for one self
(dignity, achievement, mastery, independence) (ii) the desire for reputation or respect from
others (status, prestige). He gives emphasis that the need for respect and reputation is most
important for children and adolescence and precedes real self-esteem or dignity.
Self-actualization needs include realizing personal potential self-fulfilment, seeking
personal growth and peak experiences. A desire “to become everything one is capable of
becoming” (Maslow, 1987, p. 64).
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is closely related to the variable of economic development
and political governance. When those needs are acquired by every individual in a federal system
then it can lead to the growth of economy. The perspective can be also applied in political
governance because if the leaders of the government have fulfilled the levels of needs in their
self under the federal government they can produce a good quality of governance to lead the
community into progress.
12
FEDERALISM
Conceptual Framework
Schematic Diagram # 1
Diagram
Dependent Variables
Independent Variable
Process Self-made  Economic
 Age Questionnaires Development
 Sex  Political
Governance
OUTPUT
Awareness Seminar towards Federalism
This investigation aims to determine the Perception of HUMSS Senior High School
Students towards Federalism. The respondents of the study are the Grade 11 and 12 HUMSS
Senior High School Students of Silay Institute. The independent variables are the age, and sex,
while the dependent variable are the economic development and political governance affecting
the level of awareness of HUMSS Senior High School Students towards Federalism.
13
FEDERALISM
Diagram
Self-Actualization
Esteem
Social Needs
Safety
Physiological
Diagram .2
The diagram above shows that the hierarchical levels are associated with the variables in
the study. Therefore, if the two dependent variables and the needs are acquired, it is possible that
Federalism could be an effective form of government through decentralization, in which there
are progress and development in a federal government.
14
FEDERALISM
Definition of Terms
For clarity and common understanding, in the following words in the study it is defined
according to their conceptual and operational meaning.
Age. Conceptually, it refers to the chronological or biological existence of a person. As it used in
this study, as the younger group refers to the participant in the 16 to 19 years old.(Merriam
Webster)
Decentralization. Conceptually, it is the redistribution of population and industry from urban
centers to outlying areas. As used in the study, it is the delegation of power from central
authority to regional and local authorities.(Meriam Webster)
Development. Conceptually, it is the act or process of growing or causing something to grow or
become larger or more advanced. As used in the study, it is the process of progression.(Merriam
webster)
Economic. Conceptually, it is relating to the process or system by which goods and services are
produced, sold and bought. As used in the study, it is the production, distribution, and
consumption of goods and services.(Merriam Webster)
Federalism. Conceptually, it is the distribution of power in an organization between a central
authority and the constituent units. It is the main subject of the study.( Meriam Webster)
Governance. Conceptually, it is the way that a city, company, etc… is controlled by the people
who run it. As used in the study, it is the administration of a certain leader regarding on how they
govern their states.(Merriam Webster)
15
FEDERALISM
Inflation Rate. Conceptually, it is a continual increase in the price of goods and services. As
used in the study, it is defining the rate of the inflation.(Merriam Webster)
Perception. Conceptually, it is the ability to understand or notice something easily. As used in
the study, it understands something using one of your senses and create your own image or
concept.(Merriam Webster)
Politics. Conceptually, it is the activities that relate to influencing the actions and policies of a
government or getting and keeping power in a government. As used in the study, politics is the
one who will guide the states regarding wi9th the competing interest of groups or individuals for
power and leadership.(Merriam Webster)
Sex. Conceptually, either two divisions male and female by which organisms are distinguish
with reference to the productive functions. In this study, the term refers to the male and female
grouping of the participants.(Merriam Webster)
16
FEDERALISM
CHAPTER 2
METHODOLOGY
This chapter deals with the method of researched used, respondents and participants’
selection and the data gathering procedures. It also outlines the details of the instrument used,
and data analysis.
Research Design
The nature of the problem of this study called for the use of quantitative. Quantitative
research is a form, objective, systematic process in which numerical data are used to obtain
information about the world. (Burn N. Grove SK,2015). Descriptive research is concerned with
the conditions relationships that exist, practices that prevail; beliefs. Point of view, or attitudes
that are held; or trends that are developing (Adelantar,2011). The process goes beyond survey
questions that will show the Perception of HUMSS Senior High School students towards
Federalism.
17
FEDERALISM
Research Locale
This study will be conducted at Silay Institute, Rizal Street, Silay City, a co-ed institution of
higher learning which was established in 1925 and the first private educational institution in the
city.
This institution offers a complete Junior High School with the following strands: ABM, CCS,
ICT, GAS, and HUMSS and college where there are three (3) programs offered: Bachelor of
Computer Science and Bachelor of Science in Business Administration.
18
FEDERALISM
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study are the HUMSS Senior High School of Silay Institute. The
researchers used the SLOVIN Formula to get the desired respondents which is the total
population of HUMSS Students are 400.These respondents answered the research instrument, a
self-made questionnaires.
n= N
1=Ne²
= 400
1+400(0.05)
= 400
1+400(0.0025)
= 400
1|+1
= 400
= 200
19
FEDERALISM
Validity of the Instrument
An Instrument is valid only to the extent that its scores permits appropriate inferences to
made about a specific group of people for specific result (Siege, 2018). Research instrument is
considered valid when based on facts; it measures what intended to be measured. Experts review
established validity. Validators were composed of three master teachers. The questionnaire was
given to the validators before survey was conducted. The validity index is 3.5 which is
interpreted as good that prove that the instrument is valid.
Reliability of the Instrument
Scale: All Variables
Case Processing Summary
N %
Cases Valid 10 100.0
Excluded ͣ 0 0
Total 10 100.0
a. List wise deletion based on all variables in the procedure.
20
FEDERALISM
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach’s Alpha N of items
.946 10
The reliability score is 0.946 interpreted as very high and is therefore reliable.
Research Instrument
The researchers constructed a self-made questionnaires and checklist to be used in
knowing the perception of HUMSS students towards federalism in terms of economic
development and political governance. Furthermore, the instrument includes the responds for the
profiles which is the age and sex. The questionnaires are made up of 10 statements in which the
responds to the statements will be rated by the following scale:
5- Very High
4- High
3- Moderate
2- Low
1- Very Low
21
FEDERALISM
Data Gathering Procedure
When the validity of instrument was established, the researchers propagate sufficient
questionnaire that was contribute to the respondents. The researchers send a formal letter to Silay
Institute for a permission to conduct a survey. As soon as the permission is confirmed, the
researchers began conducting a survey by the use of self-made questionnaire data that is essential
for the analysis and interpretation.
22
FEDERALISM
CHAPTER III
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS and INTERPRETATION of DATA
Table 1
Variable Grouping N %
A. Entire Group 200 100
B. Age
16 years old 24 12.0
17 years old 101 50.5
18 years old 60 30.0
19 years old 15 7.5
C. Sex
Male 56 28.0
Female 144 72.0
23
FEDERALISM
Table 1 shows the frequency distribution of respondents in terms of Age and Sex. As to age
most of the respondents are mainly 17 years old with a frequency of 101 out of 200 respondents
that is equivalent to 50.5 % of the total respondents. While respondents with 18 years of age
have a frequency of 60 that make up the 30% of the total population of the respondents. And
respondents with the age of 16 years old build up a frequency of 24 that made 12.0% of the total
population. While 19 years old respondents gained the frequency of 15 that is equivalent to
7.5%.
As to sex, female respondents gained the highest frequency of 144 which make up the
72.0% of the total population while male respondents have a frequency of 56 that is equivalent to
28.0%.
24
FEDERALISM
Table 2
Perception of HUMSS Senior High School Students towards Federalism in terms of Economic
Development
Variables Mean Verbal Interpretation Standard Deviation
Economic Development
Age
16 3.4833 High .75967
17 3.5663 High .68764
18 3.5100 High .67138
19 3.5467 High .38143
Sex
Male 3.6786 High .68615
Female 3.4833 High .65825
Total 3.5380 .67023
Table 2 shows the data which aimed to present the perception of HUMSS Senior high
School Students towards federalism.
As to age, 16 years old have a mean of 3.4833 which has interpreted as high with
standard deviation of .75967, while 17 years old a mean of 3.5663 and was interpreted as high
with a standard deviation .68764 and respondents with 18 years of age have a mean of 3.5100
which was interpreted as high with a standard deviation of .67138 while 19 years old have a
mean of 3.5467 and was interpreted as high with a standard deviation of .38143. As sex, male
25
FEDERALISM
respondents have a mean of 3.5467 and was interpreted as high with a standard of .68615 while
female respondents gained a mean 3.4833 which was interpreted as high and with a standard
deviation of .65825.
Scale:
Mean Score Interpretation
4.21- 5.00 Very High
3.41- 4.20 High
2.61-3.40 Moderate low
1.81-2.60 Low
1.00-1.80 Very Low
26
FEDERALISM
Table 3
Perception of HUMSS Senior High School Students towards Federalism in terms of Political
Governance
Variable Mean Verbal Interpretation Standard Deviation
Political Governance
Age
16 3.5083 High .78901
17 3.6871 High .81064
18 3.5600 High .84597
19 3.4400 High .60569
Sex
Male 3.7143 High .76549
Female 3.5681 High .81821
Total 3.6040 .80458
As to age, 16 years old obtained a mean of 3.5083 which was interpreted as high with a
standard deviation of .78901, while 17 years old have a mean of 3.6871 which was considered as
high and have a standard deviation of .81064. And 18 years old gained a mean of 3.5600 which
was interpreted as high and with a standard deviation of .84597 while 19 years old respondents
have a mean of 3.4400 and was interpreted as high with a standard deviation of .60569.
27
FEDERALISM
As to sex, male respondents have a mean of 3.7143 and were interpreted as high with a standard
deviation of .76549, while female respondents have a mean of 3.5681 and were interpreted as
high with a standard deviation of .81821.
Table 4
ANOVA Results for the significant difference of the “Perception of HUMSS Senior High School
towards Federalism” according to Age:
Variables Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-ratio F-prob Interpretation
Between .616 3 .205 .431 .731
Groups
Within Groups 93.493 196 .477 Not Significant
Total 94.110 199
As shown on the Table 4, the Perception of HUMSS Senior High School students
towards Federalism did not vary significantly.
One-way ANOVA result in the significant difference on Economic Development and
Political Governance according to age, as seen on the table has obtained a computed value of
.731 which is greater than the tabulated value of level of significant difference which is 0.05,
therefore it is considered not significant.
28
FEDERALISM
Table 5
T-test Results for the significant differences on the “Perception of HUMSS Senior High School
Students towards Federalism” according to Sex:
Variables Mean Standard Deviation Df t-ratio t-prob Interpretation
Male 3.5257 .69108 -1.582 .115 Not Significant
Female 3.6964 .66932 -1.605 .112
The table shows the significant difference on the Perception of HUMSS Senior High
School Students towards Federalism according to sex.
As to sex, there is no significant difference between male and female. The above variable
showed the result value which is .115 and .112.
29
FEDERALISM
CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION and RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations
formulated on the basis of the research investigation.
The main purpose of this study was to determine the Perception of the HUMSS Senior
High School Students towards Federalism.
Summary
For the problem 1, to determine the profile of the student in Silay Institute in terms of age
and sex. The findings of the profile of the student were the frequency distribution of the
respondents in terms of age and sex. As to age, majority of the respondents were at the age of 17
with the frequency of 101 students, compromising 50.5% of the total population, while the
students at the age of 16 have a frequency of 24 compromising 12%, also students at the age of
18 have a frequency of 60 compromising 30%, and the older students at the age of 19 have a
frequency of 15 compromising 7.5% of the total population. As to gender, majority of the
respondents were female with the frequency of 144 students, compromising 72% of the total
population while male with a frequency of 56 students, compromising 28% of the population.
30
FEDERALISM
For problem 2, to determine the Perception of the HUMSS Senior High School Students
towards Federalism in Silay Institute according to frequency distribution. The findings of the
HUMSS Senior High School Students towards Federalism were reflected on the tables. At table
3, in terms of the age of the respondents as to the perception towards federalism, the overall
mean obtained by the youngest of the respondents aging 16 years old obtained a mean of 3.51
which was interpreted as high, while 17 years old students have a mean of 3.69, also the 18 years
old respondents gained a mean of 3.56, and 19 years old students have a mean on 3.44 and was
interpreted as high. At the table 4, as the overall mean obtained by the 16 years old respondents
is 3.51, while the 17 years old respondents have a overall mean obtained of 3.69, also the
students aging 18 years old have a overall mean obtained of 3.56 and the respondents aging 19
years old have a overall mean obtained of 3.44 interpreted as high. At the table 5, in terms of the
gender of the respondent, the overall mean obtained by the male respondents is 3.53 interpreted
as high while the female respondents obtained the overall mean of 3.70 interpreted as high.
For problem 3, to know if there is a significant difference in Perception of HUMSS
Senior High School Students towards Federalism in Silay Institute when grouped according to
variables . the proposed hypothesis is stating that there is no significant difference in student
perception towards federalism. In terms of the age of the respondents, the null hypothesis is
accepted in all of the mentioned perception towards federalism. In terms of gender of the
respondents, the null hypothesis in all mentioned perception towards federalism.
31
FEDERALISM
Conclusion
Based on the gathered data and tabulated result, the researchers concluded, outcomes
which reflected transparency from the information’s obtained.
Male and female respondents aged 16-19 years old have high perception towards
federalism. When it comes to creating an Economic Development in the country the respondents
believe that federalism can create helpful solutions to alternating poverty, integrating the
production of goods and services and improving the health education and life expectancy of the
people.
Good Political Governance is believed to be an outcome of federal system by the
respondents aged 16-19 years old, male and female because of their high perception as seen in
calculated results. The respondents believe that federalism can create strong, healthy and honest
governance of politicians when it comes to addressing the problems in the community.
32
FEDERALISM
Recommendation
As a researcher of this study entitled “The Perception of HUMSS Senior High School
Student towards Federalism” we recommend that:
● Students must be knowledgeable about the government system which is federalism because in
this way they can share their opinions and realizations about it and also they can understand the
system of government if it will be implemented in our country Philippines.
● Teachers should guide and lead their students to a right realization concerning federalism
wherein they can teach their students about the government system all regards federalism.
● School must also take action in order to help their teachers and most especially their students
enable to advance them in getting involved to the new government system which is federalism.
● Government has the greatest power; they must evaluate and educate every person who can
most benefit to this system of our government.
● Future Researchers have deemed benefit to this study, they must have to advance in
conducting information which is essential to their study to equipped and develop their research
study in a understandable way
33
FEDERALISM
References
Britannica (2019) Federal Systems
Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/political-syatems/Federal-systems
College American Government (2013) Retrieved from
knowledge_and_perceptions_of_Grade_12_XUSHS_Students_Regarding_President_Rodrigo_D
uterte_Quest_for_Federatiion
Dooley and Patten (2013) Retrieved from
uterte_Quest_for_Federatiion
Filipiknow(2016) Retrieved from
knowledge_and_perception_of_Grade_12_XUSHS_Students_Regarding_President_Duterte_Qu
est_for_Federalism
GORPH (2017) Retrieved from
knowledge_and_perception_of_Grade_12_XUSHS_Students_Regarding_President_Duterte_Qu
est_for_Federalism
Hatfield, J., (2019) Federalism, Taxation, and Economic Growth
Retrieved from www.gsb.stanford.edu
34
FEDERALISM
Jimenez (2016) Retrieved from
uterte_Quest_for_Federalism
Malaya (2016) Retrieved from
uterte_Quest_for_Federelism
Market Business News., (2019) What is Economic Development? Definition and Examples
Retrieved from https://marketbusinessnews.com/financial-glossary/economic-development
Outsource-Philippines, (2018) Federalism’s Economic Impact
Retrieved from https://www.outsource-philippines.com/philippine-economy
Outsource-Philippines. (2018) Decentralization
Outsource-Philippines. (2018) Fiscal Economy
Outsource-Philippines. (2018) Philippines Business Economy Remains Strong
35
FEDERALISM
Robin (2013) Retrieved from
Ronquillo (2016) Retrieved from
So (2016) Retrieved from
Trueman (2016) Retrieved from
Torres,M. (2017) 3 Advantages of Federalism in the Philippines
Retrieved from https://kami.com.ph//18544-3-advantages-federalism-philippines.html/#18544
Nye (2010) Retrieved from
Wilston(2013)
36
FEDERALISM
APPENDIX
37
FEDERALISM
CURRICULUM VITAE
38
FEDERALISM
SILAY INSTITUTE INC.
Silay City Neg. Occ
Name : Arriola, Princess Joy
Address : Brgy. Latasan E.B Magalona
Birthplace :
Birthdate :
Age : 18
Gender : Female
Marital Status :Single
Nationality : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Education Attainment
Primary :
Secondary :
Tertiary :
39
FEDERALISM
Silay City Neg. Occ
Name : Batulan, Bea
Address : Purok Vonvon Brgy,E Lopez Silay City
Birthplace :Silay City
Birthdate :January 21 2001
Age :18
Gender :Female
Nationality :Filipino
Religion :Roman Catholic
Primary : E Lopez Elementary School
Secondary : E Lopez National High School
Tertiary:
40
FEDERALISM
Silay City Neg. Occ
Name : Bayoneta, Gemma Rose
Address : Brgy. Mabalabag E.B. Magalona
Birthplace :
Birthdate :
Age : 18
Gender : Female
Primary :
Secondary :
Tertiary :
41
FEDERALISM
Silay City Neg. Occ
Name : Deldo, Alliah May
Address :
Birthplace :
Birthdate :
Age : 18
Gender : Female
Primary :
Secondary :
Tertiary :
42
FEDERALISM
Silay City Neg. Occ
Name : Gallego, Jucil Mae
Address : Hda. Lolita Brgy. Capt. Ramon Silay City
Birthplace : Silay City
Birthdate : November 13, 2000
Age : 18
Gender : Female
Marital Status : Single
Religion : Ang Espirituhanon nga Pagtulun-an Sa Dios nga Amahan
Primary : Violeta Integrated School
Secondary : Violeta Integrated School
Tertiary :
43
FEDERALISM
Silay City Neg. Occ
Name : Gordon, Edmar
Address : Brgy IV Silay City
Birthplace : Silay City
Birthdate : May 18 2000
Age : 18
Gender : Male
Marital Status : Single
Primary : Don Eustaquio Memorial Elementary School
Secondary : Doña Monserrat Lopez Memorial High School
Tertiary:
44
FEDERALISM
Silay City Neg. Occ
Name : Lagarto, Jeymar
Address :
Birthplace :
Birthdate :
Age : 18
Gender : Female
Religion : Iglesia ni Cristo
Primary :
Secondary :
Tertiary :
45
FEDERALISM
Silay City Neg. Occ
Name : Arriola, Princess Joy
Address :
Birthplace :
Birthdate :
Age :
Gender :
Marital Status :
Nationality :
Religion :
Primary :
Secondary :
46

Perceptions of Federalism Among Students

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Perceptions of Federalism Among Students

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

PERCEPTION OF HUMSS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS

Background of the Study

mark the best and contribute productivity for their places.

perception of current respondents.

Review of Related Literature

Knowledge from Outsource-Philippines (2018), the Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte

employing of policies and making important decisions.

attention in accommodating their people faster.

for the development of the country.

the national government in governing their people.

Another knowledge from Torres (2018), development of local economies is considered as

their own resources and funds.

Federalism constantly expound along two strand; adoption of a federal form of

unity while protecting regional diversity.

poverty in Mindanao for the focal cause of rebellion in the country.

may result to a civil war if it loses control.

country’s territory to secure its people and utilize the resources.

Federalism will lead to a higher economic growth due to a decentralize government.

and other concerns to ensure the development of their state.

Economic development can be recognized through the enhancement of every individual

without a settlement of their differences. (Malaya, 2016)

According to Ronquillo (2016) claim the disadvantage of federalism is when regions

Political instability might influence Philippine economy by intruding in the

rule, federalism, military uprisings, and impeachment.

and it negates competitions.

can be stabilized and developed.

government. (Dooley and Patten, 2013)

makes their country more productive. (Robin, 2013)

India, and Belgium. (Wilston, 2013)

Synthesis of the Study

both social and economic conditions can be improve.

Statement of the Problem

This research entitled “Perception of HUMSS Senior High School Student on

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

2. What is the perception of respondents on federalism in the following areas:

2.1 Economic Development

2.2 Political Governance

3. Is there any significant difference in the perception of the respondents on federalism

when grouped according to reliable and taken as a whole?

Therefore, the researchers conclude that there is a no significant difference in the

Scope and Limitation

Silay Institute. The researchers conducted the survey by distributing questionnaires.

Significance of the Study

perception of their students towards federalism.

the perception of HUMSS students concerning federalism.

action on students with regards to their knowledge about federalism.

This study is anchored in Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs.

According to Mclead, (2018), Maslow hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in

freedom from fear.

motivates behaviour. It includes friendship, family, work and so on.

Self-actualization needs include realizing personal potential self-fulfilment, seeking

becoming” (Maslow, 1987, p. 64).

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is closely related to the variable of economic development

community into progress.

Awareness Seminar towards Federalism

Federalism could be an effective form of government through decentralization, in which there

are progress and development in a federal government.

according to their conceptual and operational meaning.

Age. Conceptually, it refers to the chronological or biological existence of a person. As it used in

Decentralization. Conceptually, it is the redistribution of population and industry from urban

authority to regional and local authorities.(Meriam Webster)

Development. Conceptually, it is the act or process of growing or causing something to grow or

consumption of goods and services.(Merriam Webster)