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Conditional Sentence
Conditional Sentence (=Kalimat pengandaian) adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan
sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi atau mungkin tidak terjadi seperti yang diharapkan.
Conditional sentence terdiri dari dua klausa, yaitu:
Main Clause (Induk Kalimat) dan IF Clause.
Letak main clause bisa di depan maupun di belakang IF Clause. Perbedaan letak ini tidak
mempengaruhi arti.
Ada beberapa tipe Conditional Sentence, yaitu:
Type I: Future Conditional
Type II: Present Conditional
Type III: Past Conditional
Contoh:
1. If she had studied hard, she would have passed the final exam.
(mean: She didn’t study hard, so she didn’t pass the final exam.)
1. If the team had played well, it would have won the competition.
(mean: The didn’t play well, so the team didn’t win the competition)
1. If Britney Spears had been here, I would have been very happy.
(mean: Britney was not here, so I was not very happy.)
1. If you had come to my house, you would have met me.
(mean: You didn’t come to my house, so you didn’t meet me.)
Rumus Umum
result/consequence + if + condition
Berikut contoh conditional sentence pada berbagai tipe sesuai dengan rumus di atas.
Type Contoh Conditional Sentence
If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.
3
(Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.)
Negatif if + condition
Dengan menggunakan rumus negatif if, contoh conditional sentence seperti di bawah
ini.
If the students do not understand, they will raise their hand to ask.
Unless the students understand, they will raise their hand to ask. (Jika para siswa tidak mengerti,
mereka akan mengangkat tangan untuk bertanya.)
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Type I : FUTERE POSSIBLE CONDITION (keadaan yang mungkin terjadi di masa akan
datang)90% happen
If it rains tonight, we will stay at home.
If I graduate from university with good marks, father will buy me a motorbike.
I will not go to your party if you don’t invite our friends.
If I find your book, I will give it to you
Type II : PRESENT UNREAL CONDITION (keadaan yang tidak riil saat ini).10 % happen
If I had money now, I would treat you.
If you came late today, you would fail in the exam.
I would buy a car, if I were rich.
If she were my girlfriend, I would be the happiest man in the world.
If they were here now, we could go together.
We could go to the beach if it were holiday today.
Be : I were
You were
He / She were ,etc
Type III : PAST UNREAL CONDITION (keadaan yang tidak riil di masa lampau).
If you had come to my house last night, you would have met my family. .
You would not have missed the train if you had come early yesterday.
I could have done the exam this morning if I had studied last night.
If she had not been sick yesterday, she could have come to the party.
If + Past Perfect Tense + Past Future Perfect Tense
If + S + had +V3 +S+ would + have + V3 …
Could
Might
Should
Note:
Unless = if ….not
I wish
Exp: I wish my room were longer.
I wish I were taller
Fact :
Type II : PRESENT UNREAL CONDITION (keadaan yang tidak riil saat ini).
If I had money, I would treat you. (Fact: I don’t have money)
(Because I don’t have money, I don’t treat you)
If you came late today, you would fail in the exam.(fact: You don’t come late today)
Because you don’t come late, you don’t fail in the exam.
She wouldn’t have any money if she didn’t work.(Fact : she works)
Fact: She has much money because she works
I would buy a car, if I were rich. (Fact : I am not rich)
I don’t buy a car because I am not rich
If she were my girlfriend, I would be the happiest man in the world. (fact : She is
not my girlfriend, I am not the happiest man in the world)
She is not my girlfriend, so I am not the happiest man in the world.
If they were here now, we could go together.(fact: They are not here now)
Because they are not here now, so we don’t go together
We could go to the beach if it were holiday today.
Type III : PAST UNREAL CONDITION (keadaan yang tidak riil di masa lampau).
If you had come to my house last night, you would have met my family.
(fact: You didn’t come to my house last night, so you didn’t meet my family)
Because you didn’t come to my house last night, so you didn’t meet my family.
You would not have missed the train if you had come early yesterday.
Fact : You didn’t come early yesterday, so you missed the train
I could have done the exam this morning if I had studied last night.
Fact : I didn’t study last night
If she had not been sick yesterday, she could have come to the party.
Fact : She was sick yesterday, so she didn’t come to the party.
Exercise:
1. What would you do if you won a million pounds?
2. If I meet Dina, I want to tell her about it.
3. I was very grateful, if you would send me your brochure.
4. Tom would travel if he had more money.
5. If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that coat.
6. If I had seen you when you pass me in the street, I would have said hello.
7. If I were rich, I would buy a castle.
8. I will give you, if I find your key.
9. Unless I did the homework, I would be out from the class.
10. I will go out, if it doesn’t rain.
1. 1.
If you got a bunch of money, … it on stupid things?
o would you spend
o would you have spent
o Correct
2. 2.
If the student had got enough sleep, she … difficulties in reading the material.
o wouldn’t has faced
o wouldn’t have faced
o Incorrect
3. 3.
If I … you, I would look for my passion to find a new career.
o was
o were
o Incorrect
4. 4.
When he … to sleep, he never counts sheep leaping over fences.
o will go
o goes
o Correct | zero conditional berupa habitual activity (kebiasaan)
5. 5.
If I advise her about travelling by plane with children, … to me?
o will she listen
o she will listen
o Correct
6. 6.
It would be fun if the button to lower volume on my PC … properly.
o could worked
o could work
o Incorrect
7. 7.
… good quality cookware, we mightn’t have needed to get rid of burnt taste in
this food.
o Had we used
o We had used
o Incorrect
8. 8.
Your calls … if you had replied her text message fast.
o wouldn't have ignored
o wouldn't have been ignored
o Incorrect
9. 9.
Unless it rains, I … clothes in the sun instead of using the dryer.
o would dry
o will dry
o Correct
10. 10.
Your sister … to you if you don’t stop yelling at her.
o won't be nice
o wouldn't be nice
o Correct
11. 11.
If adults … a single espresso, it can slow the flow of blood to their heart.
o drink
o will drink
o Correct | zero conditional berupa scientific fact
12. 12.
… I tall, I would consider joining the army.
o If were
o Were
o Incorrect | Inverted conditional sentence type 2: “if” dihilangkan dan subject dan verb
pada if-clause ditukar posisinya.
Type 1
1. 1.
If a customer … chocolate ice cream from the restaurant, he or she will get extra
toppings.
o order
o orders
o Incorrect | a customer = singular subject, gunakan “orders”
2. 2.
The hotel front desk clerk … you special price room rates if you don’t ask.
o wouldn't offer
o won't offer
o Correct | gunakan won’t (will not) pada conditional sentence type 1, bukan wouldn’t
(would not)
3. 3.
If you call Tessa, I … others.
o would call
o will call
o Incorrect | gunakan will pada conditional sentence type 1, bukan would
4. 4.
If I tell the truth, … hurt?
o will he gets
o will he get
o Correct | verb setelah modal auxiliary verb (will) berbentuk dasar (bare infinitive)
tanpa penambahan -s/-es
5. 5.
Unless it snows, the pavements … slippery.
o will not
o will not be
o Incorrect | Karena slippery = adjective, maka perlu digunakan verb to be. Verb to be
yang dapat berada diantara modal dan adjective adalah “be”.
6. 6.
If he … the book, I will borrow it in my university library.
o doesn't have
o hasn't
o Correct | verb “have” membutuhkan dummy auxiliary verb “do/does/did” untuk
membentuk negative sentence
7. 7.
The manager … your current income if you can stay focused when working from
home.
o doubles
o will double
o Correct | conditional sentence type 1 menggunakan modal verb, bukan hanya verb
8. 8.
You will make your parents sad if you … responsible for your life.
o don't
o aren't
o Incorrect | karena responsible = adjective, maka perlu digunakan verb to be. Verb to be
yang cocok dengan subject “you” adalah “are”.
9. 9.
If you come to her house, she … something delicious for you.
o will be cooked
o will cook
o Correct | kalimat menggunakan active voice
10. 10.
If it rains heavily, … under water?
o will your home be ended up
o will your home end up
o Incorrect | kalimat menggunakan active voice
Type 2
1. 1.
If I … his mind, I wouldn’t let him touch my PC.
o would read
o could read
o Incorrect
2. 2.
If I … him, I would quit my job and start a business.
o were
o was
o Incorrect
3. 3.
If he were here, I … him not to enter the room without permission.
o would advise
o would advice
o Correct
4. 4.
It … appreciated if you returned the form as soon as possible.
o would be greatly
o would greatly
o Correct
5. 5.
… I rich, I would send my son to study overseas.
o were if
o were
o Incorrect
6. 6.
If he studied harder, he … the best score in his class.
o would got
o would get
o Correct
7. 7.
Your parents wouldn’t be angry if you … to them.
o don't lie
o didn't lie
o Incorrect
8. 8.
Unless Reny got enough sleep, she … productive.
o wouldn't be
o wouldn't
o Correct
9. 9.
If I won a god medal at the international physics olympiad, I … admision in some
universities without test.
o can get
o could get
o Correct
10. 10.
If you had a sister, … clothes with her?
o would you share
o you would share
o Correct
Type 3
1. 1.
If you … an umbrella, you wouldn’t have got wet.
o had took
o had taken
o Correct
2. 2.
If you … about personal financial planning, you could’ve spent your money
wisely.
o had known
o had knew
o Correct
3. 3.
She … your calls if you had reply her text message fast.
o wouldn't have been ignored
o wouldn't have ignored
o Incorrect
4. 4.
Had you treated your maid better, she …
o wouldn't have ran away
o wouldn't have run away
o Incorrect
5. 5.
If he had come to ask forgiveness, … his apologies?
o would you have accept
o would you have accepted
o Correct
6. 6.
If our friend hadn’t forgotten to renew his visa, he …
o wouldn't have deported
o wouldn't have been deported
o Incorrect
7. 7.
If the student … the instructions carefully, he wouldn’t have broken an
dessicator.
o have listened and followed
o had listened and followed
o Correct
8. 8.
If the driver …, he wouldn’t have crashed concrete road separators.
o hadn't got enough sleep
o had got enough sleep
o Incorrect
9. 9.
If you … that you couldn’t handle the pressure anymore, your parents might
have helped you.
o have told
o had told
o Incorrect
10. 10.
If you … earlier, you could have saw the beautiful sunrise.
o had woke up
o had woken up
o Incorrect
Contoh:
They didn’t kill the elephant I wish they were going to sell it
c. The past They didn’t kill the elephant I wish they had killed the elephant
Keterangan:
1. Kata kerja yang digunakan di dalam subordinate clause pada wish sentences harus dalam
bentuk the past (lampau). Bentuk the past ini bukan menunjukan kejadian yang terjadi di
masa lampau tetapi menunjukan suatu situasi atau keadaan yang bertolak belakang dengan
kenyataan.
2. Untuk kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau tetapi bertolak belakang dengan kenyataan, kita
menggunakan the past perfect tense (c).
3. Dalam kalimat wish ini, bentuk kata kerja dari be adalah were atau was, Pemakaian was
tidak formal dan biasanya dalam bahasa lisan.
Contoh:
4. Jika sesuatu diharapkan masih bisa berubah menjadi kenyataan, jangan gunakan wish
sentences, tetapi gunakan kata kerja hope.
Contoh:
· She hopes that you will come
5. Wish yang digunakan dalam the modal auxiliary verbs ‘would’, could, might dapat mempunyai
arti mengharapkan susuatu menjadi kenyataan (yang masih dapt terwujud) di masa
sekarang atau di masa yang akan datang.
Contoh:
6. I wish you would ... berarti meminta seseorang meminta untuk ...
Contoh:
Wish dan Hope dipercaya merupakan dua kata yang mempunyai arti sama. Padahal keduanya
berbeda pada konteks.
HOPE
Berbeda dengan wish, hope merupakan harapan yang bisa diwujudkan dan sangat mungkin
terjadi.
Contohnya:
I hope we can still be friends.
WISH
Contohnya:
*Could di sini bukan dalam bentuk lampau tetapi lebih menyatakan sesuatu yang tidak nyata
atau tidak serupa.
Penggunaan Hope
Verb “hope” digunakan untuk membicarakan bahwa suatu kondisi atau situasi
memiliki kemungkinan terjadi di masa depan.
Hope dapat diikuti infinitive (to+verb) atau that-clause (noun clause). Kata kerja ini
digunakan bersama infinitiveuntuk menyatakan harapan dan niat untuk melakukan
sesuatu di masa depan jika memungkinkan dapat dilakukan.
Adapun hope diikuti that-clause ketika ada subject baru yang diperkenalkan (subject
baru tersebut berada di dalam that-clause). Subordinator “that” pada that-
clause tersebut dapat dihilangkan, sehingga hanya menyisakan subject dan predicate-
nya (Lihat: Word Order dan Reduksi Noun Clause).
3
Arya hopes (that) he can achieve his long term financial goals.
(Arya berharap dia dapat meraih target keuangan jangka panjangnya.)
Verb wish adalah kata kerja yang digunakan ketika seorangspeaker menyatakan
keinginkan atas realita yang berbeda. Wish termasuk dalam subjunctive.
Wish diikuti oleh simple past untuk menyatakan bahwa situasi yang diinginkan tidak
mungkin terjadi pada saat ini (present), sedangkan wish diikuti past perfect untuk
menyatakan tidak mungkin terjadi di masa lampau (past). Wishdapat pula diikuti past
future (would/could+Verb1) untuk menyatakan keinginan seseorang untuk
melakukan sesuatu secara berbeda. Beberapa contoh kalimatnya adalah sebagai
berikut.
Wish(es) + … Contoh Kalimat Expressing wishes Fakta
1. We hope that they can come. (kita berharap bahwa mereka bisa datang). Dalam kalimat ini subject we tidak
tahu apakah they bisa datang atau tidak. Tetapi, ada kemungkinan bahwa they bisa datang.
2. We wish that they could come. (kita berharap bahwa mereka bisa datang). Di sini, we sudah tahu
bahwa they tidak bisa datang. Faktanya adalah: they can’t come.
3. I hope that they came yesterday. (saya berharap kamu datang kemarin). Di sini, I tidak tahu
apakah they datang atau tidak kemarin.
4. I wish that they had come yesterday. (saya berharap bahwa mereka datang kemarin). Di sini, I sudah tahu
bahwa they didn’t come yesterday. Faktanya adalah: they didn’t come yesterday.
Jadi, clause yang mengikuti wish clause pada prinsipnya adalah unreal conditional.
Penggunaan wish dalam unreal conditionals ada 3, yaitu: future wish, present wish, dan past wish.
a. Future wish
S + could + verb1
S + wish + (that) + S + would +verb1
S + were + verb-ing
Note: Penggunaan relative pronoun “that” adalah optional (bisa digunakan, bisa juga tidak):
Contoh:
1. I wish my friend would visit me this afternoon. (Saya berharap teman saya akan mengunjungi saya sore ini).
Faktanya: my friend will not come this afternoon.
2. They wish that you could come to the party tonight. (Mereka berharap bahwa kamu bisa datang sebentar
malam). Faktanya: you can’t come.
3. Bobby wishes he were coming with Angelia. (Bobby berharap dia datang dengan Angelia). Faktanya: Bobby
is not coming with Angelia.
b. Present wish
1. I wish I were rich. (Saya berharap saya kaya). Faktanya adalah: I am not rich.
2. I wish I had enough time to finish my work. (Saya berharap saya punya cukup waktu untuk menyelesaikan
pekerjaan saya). Faktanya: I don’t have enough time to finish my work.
3. John wishes that Ririn were old enough to be his girl friend. (John berharap bahwa Ririn cukup umur untuk
menjadi pacarnya). Faktanya: Ririn is not old enough to be John’s girl friend.
4. I wish I didn’t have to come to class today. (Saya berharap saya tidak harus pergi kuliah hari ini). Faktanya: I
have to go to class today.
5. I wish my TOEFL score were over 650 now. (Saya berharap nilai TOEFL saya sekarang lebih dari 650).
Faktanya: my TOEFL score is not over 650 now.
c. Past wish
S + have + verb3
S + wish + (that) +
S + could + have + verb3
Contoh:
1. I wish I had washed my clothes yesterday. (Saya berharap saya telah cuci pakaian-pakaian saya kemarin).
Faktanya: I didn’t wash my clothes yesterday.
2. Irwan wishes that he had answered the questions well. (Irwan berharap bahwa dia telah menjawab soal-soal
dengan baik). Faktanya: Irwan didn’t answer the questions well.
3. Christian Ronaldo wishes that his team could have beaten the German team. (Christian Ronaldo berharap
bahwa teamnya dapat mengalahkan team Jerman). Faktanya: Christian Ronaldo’s team couldn’t beat the
German team.
4. I wish you had been here last night. (Saya berharap kamu ada di sini tadi malam). Faktanya: you were not
here last night.
“Hope” dan “Wish” , bagi sebagian besar orang, diartikan sebagai“berharap”. Walaupun memiliki arti
yang sama, penggunaan “hope”dan “wish” ini sangat berbeda sehingga makna yang terkandung sangat
jauh berlainan. Untuk lebih memahami penggunaan “wish” dan“hope”, silahkan perhatikan ulasan
ringkas berikut.
“Hope” digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi atau akan terjadi.
Maksudnya, ”hope” diterapkan dalam sebuah kalimat sebagai ”sesuatu yang benar-benar diharapkan
akan menjadi sebuah hal nyata/positif”.
“Wish” digunakan untuk sesuatu yang sama sekali tidak akan terjadi. Maksudnya adalah
kita ”berharap” tapi ”berharap hal yang kita maksudkan tidak menjadi sebuah kenyataan”. Dengan
bahasa lugas diasosiasikan bahwa ”wish” lebih bermakna sebagai sebuah hal negatif atau istilah
”harapan palsu”.
Contoh:
Contoh:
Wish vs Hope
Penggunaan “hope”, bukan “wish”, untuk mengharapkan sesuatu yang mungkin atau realistis.
- I hope you pass the final test with the good grade.
Penggunaan wish..would untuk mengekspresikan kekesalan kita tentang sesuatu yang tidak
terjadi.
Contoh: You’re so stupid, I wish you would learn again (please study hard!)
Contoh: I wish you wouldn’t make so much noise – the baby was sleeping.
Penggunaan ini berarti menginginkan sesuatu. Digunakan saat pada waktu yang formal.
Contoh: Customers who wish to buy the present for high school reunion
Ketika “wish” untuk sesuatu, berarti berharapnya ada sesuatu yang dipikirkan dan diinginkan.
Contoh: Be careful, what you wish for, it might just come true.