1

Republic of the Philippines

Surigao State College of Technology
Del Carmen Campus
Siargao Island, Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte

A Survey of Commercial Crab Species: Basis for Production of

Moringa Crab Polvoron

A Research Paper Presented to

Faculty of Education Division
Surigao State College of Technology – Del Carmen Campus
Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte

In Partial Fulfillment for the Degree

Bachelor of Secondary Education
Major in Biological Science

By:

June Mark S. Hermoso

Avonney P. Ubos
Nicelyn P. Vertudazo

May 2019
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ABSTRACT

Science and technology plays an important role in the industrialization as well as

modernization of the world. This study contributes a new knowledge which will be useful
for everyone. As crab shell is supposed to be a garbage after consuming the flesh inside,
upon discovering this idea, those crab shells will become useful in making snacks. In this
study, the researchers transformed the crab shell into polvoron with a combination of
Moringa leaves. The main purpose of this study was to conduct a survey of commercially
crab species in Del Carmen, produce a polvoron from the crab shells and determine the
acceptability of Moringa crab shell polvoron. The survey revealed that there are three
commercially species in Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte, namely: Scylla serrate
(Alimango), Thalamita crenata (kasag), and Myomenippe harwicki (kuyo). The study of
acceptability was conducted at Surigao State College of Technology – Del Carmen
Campus with the teachers and students as participants. During the actual experimentation
of the Moring Crab Shell Polvoron, fifteen (15) teachers and thirty five (35) students
(total of 50 participants) were asked to evaluate the product in terms of taste, texture,
odor, appearance and overall acceptability of the product. The 9-point hedonic scale was
used. Taste frequency count is 407, its mean was 8.14 which was interpreted that most of
the participants liked the taste of the product very much. For odor, the total frequency
count was 362, and its mean was 7.24, interpreted that most of the participants liked
moderately the odor of the product. For texture, the total frequency count was 389, with a
mean was 7.78, and interpreted as liked very much. For appearance, the total frequency
count was 374 and a mean of 7.48 meaning most of the participants liked moderately the
appearance of the product. The overall acceptability total frequency count of 383, with a
mean of 7.66 which was interpreted that most of the participants liked the product very
much.
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TABLE OF CONTENT

Page

TITLE i
ABSTRACT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF TABLES v
LIST OF FIGURE vi

CHAPTER I
1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Review of Related Literature 3

1.2 Objective of the study 5
1.3 Significance of the Study 6
1.4 Scope and Limitation 6

CHATER II

2. METHODOLOGY 7

2.1 Research Design 7

2.2 Research Environment 7
2.3 Research Participants 7
2.4 Research Instrument 8
2.5 Materials and Method in Production of Recipe 9
2.6 Data Gathering 11
2.7 Data Analysis 11
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CHAPTER III

3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 12

3.1 A Survey of the Commercially Available Crabs in Del Carmen 12

3.2 Number of Occurrence of Crab Species 14

3.3 The Product – Moringa Crab shell Polvoron 16

3.4 The Acceptability of Moringa Crab shell Polvoron 17

3.5 The Return of Investment (ROI) 19

CHAPTER IV

4.1 Summary 20

4.2 Findings 20

4.3 Conclusion 22

4.4 Recommendation 22

REFERENCE 23

APPENDICES 24

CURRICULUM VITAE 31
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LIST OF TABLES

Table

1. Table 1 The Participants of the Study

2. Table 2. Commercial crab species in Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte

3. Table 3. Description and Crab species

4. Table 4. Summary on the acceptability Moringa Crab shell Polvoron

5. Table 5. ROI
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LIST OF FIGURE

Figure

1 Percentage occurrence of Commercially available crabs. 15

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This accomplishment has been made possible because of these people who have brought
out the best in the researchers and to whom they had acknowledged their indebtedness for
the outmost help and support in the completion of this work.

First and foremost, to the lord god almighty, who gave them wisdom, knowledge and
proper state of mind for who his graces and blessings, this study will not be realized.

The researcher’s family, whose inspiration moved the researchers to pursue their research
study; whose unwavering support and concern and financially, morally and spiritually
that lead them to have an optimistic outlook in life;

To Dr. Antonette Donoso, the research adviser, for the support, advices, patience,
aspiring guidance and valuable comments and suggestion that contributed to completion
and success of this study. The researchers are very thankful for having such an adviser
like her.

To the members of the panel, Dr

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Siargao is a tear-drop shape island in the Philippine Sea situated 800 kilometers

southeast of Manila in the Province of Surigao del Norte. It has a total land area of

approximately 437 square kilometers (169 sq mi). Siargao is rich in seafood crustaceans.

Crustacean family includes shrimps, lobsters, and crabs which are common species for

commercial livelihood. Crabs are abundant and crab meat is known to be rich in vitamins

and minerals, low in fat and it contains Omega – 3 polyunsaturated acids. It also helps

provide protection from heart disease and aid brain development. Some research suggest

that omega – 3 also inhibits aggressive behavior. In the same manner, crab shell can also

be made into a nutritious snack, and sell it for extra income. Its extract is fast becoming

just as valuable to consumers as the meat of the crabs themselves (Salcombe, 2012).

According to some research studies done by Scientists in Ireland, crab shell

extract has been shown to be effective at fighting cancer as well as a natural weight loss

supplements (Salcombe, 2012). The secret to crab shell extract is the polysaccharides

chitosan. Chitosan manufacturer claims that the crab shell extract can lead to natural

weight loss because of its fat trapping and appetite suppressing properties. Some

nutritional experts liken it to fiber and have given it the nickname “Super Fiber” for its

cleansing properties that supposedly lead to weight loss (Nutralegacy.com, 2009).

For some people, homemade snack is a challenge particularly the less

expensive source of cooking yet very tasty and full of vitamins. Some home bakers are

very challenged when it comes to flour because nowadays, commercial flour is becoming
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more expensive (Nutralegacy.com, 2009). Hence, this study attempts to fill this gap by

studying potential role of the researchers in making pulverized crab shell into polvoron.

To add some twist to the study, the researchers added another ingredient in

the recipe which is malunggay. According to Marcu (20012), researcher and clinical

pharmacologist, malunggay is unique because even in small amount it can supply daily a

wide variety of vital nutrients with few calories. Malunggay contains more than 90

nutrients and 46 types of antioxidants. With all the benefits of malunggay it can easily be

termed as the most nutritious plant on the face of the earth. There is no side-effects of

malunggay tree leaves. At the same time it can be consumed by small children and adults

alike. Therefore, many people have started using it in porridge, pastas, breads, etc., to

reap the everlasting health benefit of the extra ordinary. There are many benefits of

malunggay tree, but the health benefits are the most important. Research has shown that

various parts of the malunggay tree can be affective in a significant number of health

concerns, such as blindness, AIDS, anemia, hypertension and diabetes.

The consumption of malunggay has has shown dramatic increase in the

quantity of breast milk. It is also famous for anti-bacterial properties. The paste of the

malunggay leaves is said to beautify the skin and is hence applied by women regularly. It

protects the liver and kidneys. It can also be used as water purifier. Thus, due to health

benefits of pound crab shell and malunggay, these ingredients were used in this study

which also aimed to determine the acceptability of moringa and crab shell povoron.
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Review of Related Literature

Some related studies of crab shell are the following:

In Japan, an innovation was created about how to reuse the crab shell into useful

form, and to our best knowledge that crab shell has no importance, commonly regarded

as waste material, Japan Oleo Society Science (2009) produced a product from crab shell

as a catalyst of palm olein transesterification or a natural supplement for weight loss

(Ping- Lim Beoy, et,. al.2009).

In the earlier study, material scientist in USA found that the mineral and

mechanical properties of crabs exoskeleton are commonly composed of chitin-protein

fiber arranged in a twisted plywood, calcium carbonate, which mechanical rigidity,

supports the body, resist mechanical load and environmental protection that can be used

in any material product (Po Yu Chen et al. 2008).

In India they also studied on the mineral composition of an edible crab. There are

about 7 (Sodium>Potassium>Magnesium>Calcium>Manganese>Iron>Zinc) minerals

were reported in all sexes. The minerals are serving as components of bones, soft tissues

(Sulfur amino acids, metalloproteinase) co-factors and co-activators of various enzymes

important in human nutrition. Ca, P, Na, K and Cl are involved in the maintenance of

acid-base balance and membrane potential. The main functions of essential minerals

include skeletal structure, maintenance of colloidal system and regulation of acid-base

equilibrium. Minerals also constitute an important component of hormones, enzymes and

enzyme activators (Soundarapandian P, et,. al, 2013).

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In the Philippines, Dr. Laurentina Calmorin of the Northern Iloilo, Polytechnic

State College (NIPSC) in Estancio, Iloilo first found that a calcium-rich polvoron was

made of bones (tinik) of milkfish. The Headway was achieved by. Dr. Calmorin, who

presented the results of her research at an R&D technology forum sponsored by the Los

Baños-based Philippines Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development

(PCAMRD) held on Jan. 28, 2000. The bangus bone-based polvoron was followed by

another innovation: the shell of shrimps as ingredient in the making of snack items,

among them cookies (Fernandez, 2006).

Now, it’s the carapace (shell) of crabs used also in making polvoron, a feat

achieved by Prof. Viden V. Elopse, also of NIPSC. In the study, Elopse focused on the

acceptability of polvoron made from the carapace of four crab species: blue crab

(Portunus pelagicus), sand crab (Ovalipes ocellatus), mud crab (Scylla serrata), and one

locally named kurusan. The PCAMRD-monitored research also looked into what crab

species made into polvoron has the most acceptable flavor, odor, color, and texture.

(Fernandez, 2006).

Malunggay is rich in vitamin A. It contains four times more vitamin A or beta-

carotene than carrots. Hence, it is a weapon against blindness. It also a rich source of

vitamin C many times more than oranges. Normally milk is said to be a rich source of

calcium but the amount of calcium present in malunggay leaves is way higher than in

milk. The maluggay leaves are said to contain two times the protein present milk.

Bananas are a rich source of potassium, but malunggay leaves contain several times more

potassium than bananas. Along with potassium, zinc is also found in large quantities in

malunggay. If malunggay were to be eaten by one and all, the world will be free of
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anemia as it contains three times more iron than spinach. With all the junk food eaten

these days, many people face problems of high cholesterol. Malunggay helps in balancing

the cholesterol levels in the body. Essential amino acids are also found in malunggay.

Malunggay is also said to balance sugar levels, hence it is helpful in the fight against

diabetes. The body’s natural defense mechanism increases with the consumption of

malunggay in the daily diet pattern. Since it is an immunity-stimulant, it is prescribe for

AIDS afflicted patients. Malunggay leaves can be consumed to stimulate metabolism. It

is also said to have digestive powers. It is a nutrition booster and is known to promote a

feeling of well-being people.

In connection there is such a huge demand for polvoron that in a survey

conducted by the Business section of the Philippine Daily Inquirer last 2007, Goldilock’s

Bakeshop named polvoron as their top-selling item, - it sold more than their cakes.

Objectives of the study

This paper aimed to conduct a survey of the commercially available crabs in Del

Carmen, Surigao del Norte, specifically it aimed to:

1. Identify, classify and describe the crabs caught by the fishermen.

2. Determine the number of occurrence of the crab species

3. Produce polvoron from crab shell and Moringa

4. Evaluate the level of acceptability of Moringa crab shell polvoron.

5. Determine the Return of Investment of the polvoron.

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Significance of the Study

The findings of this research paper could be useful in acquiring information in

the aspect of carapace delicacies, most importantly in recycling waste materials of crab

shell. It may particularly benefit the following:

Students. This study may add motivation to the students in developing skills and

talent and start with a simple business.

Teachers. They may be benefitted and could help the teacher’s creativity

especially those who are handling science and food technology subjects.

Community. The result of the study could help them as a basis to discover and

create something new and start with a simple business.

Market. The Moringa crab shell could help in engaging business in the market

and could help in the tourist to introduce this as new delicacies in Del Carmen, Surigao

del Norte.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study focused on the probability of accepting polvoron made from crab shell

among the teachers and students of SSCT - Del Carmen Campus. The participants of the

study randomly selected teachers and Students of Surigao State College of Technology –

Del Carmen Campus.

The survey focused on the assessment and identification of occurrence of

commercially crabs’ available and the frequent count crabs caught by the fishermen

started from November 26-30 five days in Brgy. Poblacion, Del Carmen, Surigao del

Norte.
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CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This research study employed an experimental design. This is appropriate

since it aimed to determine the acceptability of Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron.

Research Environment

This study was conducted at Del Carmen Poblacion and Surigao State College of

Technology - Del Carmen Campus, Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte.

Research Participants

The participants of the study were the faculty members and students of Surigao

State College of Technology, Del Carmen Campus. The researchers used purposive

sampling in choosing the participants. The (15) teachers and (35) students with a total of

(50) served as participants of this study. Table 1 below shows the population distribution

of participants.

Table 1. The Participants of the Study

Participants Frequency Count Percentage

Students 35 70%

Teachers 15 30%

Total 50 100%
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As shown in Table 1, the evaluation followed after the actual experimentation and

preservation of the product which is the acceptability of Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron. A

group of (15) teachers and (35) students (a total of 50 participants) were asked to judge

the taste, odor, texture, appearance, and acceptability of the product.

Research Instrument

This study employed the Hedonic Scale as the instrument for determining the

acceptability of Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron which was employed by Peryam and

Pilgrim (1957). It covered five criteria for evaluating the product; taste, odor, appearance,

texure and sensory qualities. Each item was rated based on the different levels:

LikeExtremely, Like Very Much, Like Moderately, Like Slightly, Neither Like or

Dislike, Dislike Slightly, Dislike Moderately, Dislike Very Much, Dislike Extremely

(Peryam and Pilgrim, 1957).

Texture Odor Appearance Taste General

Acceptability

Likely Extreme _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

Like Very Much _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

Like Moderately _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

Like Slightly _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

Neither Like nor Dislike _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

Dislike Slightly _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

Dislike Very Much _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

Dislike Extremely _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

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Texture or fragrance is caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds,

generally at a very low concentration or other animals perceive by the sense of olfaction.

Odor are also commonly called scents, which can refer to both pleasant and unpleasant

odors (Del Prado, et.al.,2009).

Taste is basically a bundle of different sensations; it is not only the qualities of

taste perceive by the tongue, but also the smell, textue and temperature of a meal that are

important (Springer, et.al., 2011).

Appearance is defined as the way that someone or something looks, a way of

looking that is not true or real the action of appearing, the fact that something or someone

arrives or begins to be seen (Meriam Webster Dictionary).

Materials and Methods in Production of the Recipe

Preparation:

1. Soak the crab carapace in water with dish

2. Wash and clean

3. Drain and dry (sun-dry for at least 10-15 days)

4. Pound the dried crab shells and grind to powder

5. Strain or sift
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For Moringa Leaves

1. Abscise the malunggay leaves

2. Dry (sun-dry for at least 3 to 5 days

3. Grind to powder

Procurement of stocks/ingredients

The ingredients that were used are crab shell powder, dried Moringa powder,

powdered milk skimmed milk, sugar and crushed graham biscuits. These ingredients can

be purchased within The Municipality of Del Carmen and if not available it can be

purchased in the near city.

Utensils to be used:

In this study, the researchers used these utensils like: Frying pan, stirring ladle,

measuring cups, polvoron molder (if available), Japanese paper or cellophane.

Measurements:

1. 1 cup crab shell powder

2. 2 cups powdered milk

3. 2 cups skimmed milk

4. 1 ½ cup brown sugar

5. 5 table spoons moringa powder

6. 2 cups graham powder

Procedure:

Making the Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron

1. Sauté the crab shell powder until light brown

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2. Add skimmed milk and powdered milk (stir for 3 minutes)

3. Add the sugar and moringa powder(stir for 2 minutes)

4. Compact mixture in polvoron molder

5. Put in the Japanese paper or cellophane

Data Gathering Procedure:

The researchers sent a formal request to the Campus Director asking permission

to conduct a survey to the selected Students and Teachers of SSCT- Del Carmen Campus

on the General acceptability of Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron. Upon approval, the

researchers conducted the experimental study with the Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron.

Data analysis

The data analysis and interpretation of data were done as discussed below;

Frequency Count and Percentage. This was used in presenting data that specifies

the percentage of Moringa Crab shell polvoron as perceived by the teacher and students

in term of taste, odor, texture, appearance of the product.

Weighted Mean. This was used in presenting the general acceptability of Moringa Crab

shell polvoron in terms of taste, odor, texture and appearance of the product.

Return of Investment. This was used in determining the net income of the Moringa Crab

shell polvoron.
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CHAPTER III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

I. A survey of the commercially available crabs iin Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte.
The basis of identification and description of the commercially crab is the website
species identification org. group of Japan and mangrove nusedusg guidebook .
Table 2. Commercial crab species in Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte.

Common name: Family Scientific name:

Alimango Scylla serrata

Portunidae

Kasag Portunidae Thalamita crenata

Kuyo Menippidae Myomenippe harwicki

Table 3. Description and Crab species

Description Crab species

Scylla serrate often called here in Siargao

local name alimango, it is an ecologically

important species of crab found in the

estuaries and mangrove of Asia. In their

most common form, shell colour varies

from deep, motted green to very dark

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colour. The regular body size of this

alimango is 12 cm. and can weight of 0.8

grams. The carapace has six antero-lateral

teeth. The cost of this commercial is 1500

per kilogram in the market.

The mangrove swimming crab Thalamita

crenata (scientific name) also called here in

Siargao local name wing-wing or kasag

regular size 7 cm. It is widely used as an

edible crab in many countries. This is

cheaper in the market because it’s easy to

catch than alimango and kuyo here in Del

Carmen.

The carapace has five antero-lateral teeth.

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Myomenippe harwicki, this common called

in Siargao with its local name Kuyo with its

size of 6 cm a juvenile crab, this is a very

common crab, hiding in burrows, under

rocks and driftwood. The dark eyes set in a

circle of bright red are diagnostic and dark

violet body. It has a powerful red claw

crush bivalves and other molluscs on which

it feed. The carapace is harder than

alimango and kasag or wing-wing and the

catch of this crab is seasonal between Nov-

January.

II- Number of occurrence of the crab species

The researcher conducted a survey of the commercially crab, to determine the

most frequent count of commercially crab caught by the fishermen in just five days.

Figure 1 shown the Scylla serrata are few in count because they are bigger,

heavier and hard to catch; the Thalamita crenata are the most highly frequent count

because it is easy to catch, abundant and not heavy due to its size; while the Myomenippe

harwicki this crab is hard to find because this is a stone crab and seasonal.
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Frequent count of commercially crabs Total frequent count of

commercial crabs
300 Crab species: Total:
250 250 250 250 Scylla serrate 95 pcs.
250
Thalamita
192 192192 2391 pcs.
200 crenata
175
Myomenippe
150 310 pcs.
150 harwicki
120 125 120 125
1. Scylla serrata
100 (Alimango)
45
50 28 24 30 28 27 2. Thalamita
18 20 24 15 20 20 crenata (Kasag)
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 110 2 1 1 1 10 10
0
3. Myomenippe
D-1
D-2

D-4

D-1
D-2

D-4
D-5
D-1
D-2
D-3
D-5
D-1
D-2
D-3
D-4
D-5
D-1
D-2
D-3
D-4
D-5
D5
D-3

D-3

harwicki (Kuyo)
Fishermen 1 Fishermen 2 Fishermen 3 Fishermen 4 Fishermen 5

Figure 1 shown the red lines represent the 86% cover of (Thalamita crenata) Kasag

occurrence species as commercial crab in Del Carmen it is more frequent than the other

commercial crab; followed by green lines (Myomenippe harwicki) Kuyo covers 11% of

occurrence species as commercial crab; while the least occurrence is (Scylla serrata )

Alimango the blue lines covers only 3% because this commercial crab weighs heavier

compared to Kasag, and Kuyo, therefore the percentage occurrence of this crab is lesser.
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III- The Product – Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron

Moringa crab shell polvoron is made from the carapace of mangrove crab specifically

the Thalamita crenata (kasag) , grahams biscuit, sugar, milk, and dried Moringa leaves.

IV- The Acceptability of Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron

As shown in Table 2 using the 9-point Hedonic scale, texture has a frequent count

of 270 with a mean of 7.78, odor has 362 with a mean of 7.24, appearance has 374 with a

mean of 7.48, taste has 407 with a mean of 8.14. Therefore, the general acceptability of

383 with a mean of 7.66 can be interpreted that most of the respondents like the product

very much.

Table 4. Summary on the acceptability Moringa Crab shell Polvoron

Attribute Frequency Count Mean Interpretation

Texture 389 7.78 Like Very Much

Odor 362 7.24 Like Moderately

Appearance 374 7.48 Like Moderately

Taste 407 8.14 Like Very Much

General 383 7.66 Like Very Much

Acceptability

The result implies that texture, odor, appearance and taste are acceptable. In terms

of texture, the participants of the study found out that the polvoron meets their sensory

reference, in terms of hardness and softness of the product, they liked it very much. As to

the odor of the product, the respondents also found out that the smell of the product meets
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their sensory references and most of them liked the product moderately. In terms of

appearance, the participants of the study also found out that it meets their sensory

reference, when it comes to the appearance of the product, and they liked it moderately.

As to the taste of the product, the respondents also found out that the taste of the polvoron

exceed their sensory reference and most of them like it very much. The study of Ohla

(2015) is similar to the present study about neuronal mechanisms of food perception and

found out that sensory experiences play a role in the information of cravings and the

elicitation, are experienced in the oral cavity as food is masticated and swallowed and

gives rise to the overall experience, commonly referred to as taste. The sight of food is

among the first sensory impressions contributing to food perception. It constitutes an

integral part of the anticipatory of phase of food perception as the visual appearance

elicits expectations about other sensory and hedonic attributes of a food thereby

impacting food choice markedly.

V- The Return of Investment of Moringa Crab shell polvoron.

Table 3 shows that the production of cost 284.00 pesos produced 60 pieces of

Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron which can be sold at price at a 5.00 per piece that can

generate a total gross sales, it can create a net profit of 113.00 pesos. Dividing the net

profit by production cost, the Return of Investment is 39.78%. The present study is

similar to the study of Davis (2017), that Return of Investment (ROI) is an accounting

term that indicates the percentage of investment money that’s recouped after the

deduction of associated costs.

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Table 5. Return of Investment of the polvoron.

Product Production Number of Price per Gross sale Net profit ROI%

Cost pcs. piece

Moringa

Crab shell 284.00 80 5.00 400.00 113.00 39.78%

polvoron
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CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter summarizes the findings and the results of the study, thus, the

researchers were drawn the findings, conclusion and recommendation are given:

SUMMARY

This study focused on the assessment of commercial grab species and on the

acceptability of Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron with the faculty and students of Surigao

State College of Technology, Del Carmen Campus as the participants.

Specifically, this sought to determine the level of acceptability of the product in

terms of Appearance, Odor, Taste, Texture and General Acceptability.

With the use of 9-Point Hedonic Scale, questionnaires were used to gather data

from 50 participants. The gathered data were analyze using the frequency count and

weighted mean.

FINDINGS

The findings of the study were as follows:

1. Crab is one of the dominant commercial species that can be found in Siargao,

among those are the three types of commercial crabs namely: Alimango (King

Crab), kuyo and Wing-wing or Kasag.

2. The result of Moringa crab shell polvoron implies that texture, odor,

appearance and taste are acceptable to the participants. With the use of 9-Point
 27

Hedonic it was found out that from a total frequency count of 383, taste

gathered a frequency count of 407, it’s mean is 8.14 which can be interpreted

that most of the participants like the taste of the product very much. Odor on

the other hand has a total frequency count of 362, and its mean is 7.24 which

can be interpreted that most of the participants like moderately the odor of the

product. Texture has a total frequency count of 389, with a mean of 7.78,

interpreted as like very much. Appearance has a total frequency count of 374

and a mean of 7.48 meaning most of the participants like moderately the

appearance of the product.

The overall acceptability of the product has a total frequency count of 383

with a mean of 7.66 and can be interpreted that most of the participants like

the product very much.

3. It was found out that the overall cost to produce 80 pcs of Moringa crab

polvoron is 284.00 pesos, it can be sold at a price of 5.00 pesos per piece with

a total gross sales 400.00 pesos. The net profit for Moringa is 113.00 pesos

with an ROI or return on investment 39.78%.

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CONCLUSION

In the light of the findings, the following conclusions are derived:

The commercially available crab in Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte are the Scylla

serrata (alimango), Thalamita crenata (kasag/wingwing), and Myomenippe harwicki

(kuyo). Kasag is the cheapest in price among of the three commercial crabs and is known

to be the most abundant species specifically in Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte.

The Moringa crab polvoron was highly accepatable as to taste, appearance,

texture and odor.

RECOMMENDATION

Based from the findings and conclusions of the study, the following recommendations are

offered:

1) It is recommended that Moringa Crab Shell Povoron be produced in the locality to

give the people including tourists another option for snacks. In doing so, local

resources will have a chance to be advertised especially to the tourists.

2) Faculty and students can make Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron as their extra income

3) Further research is highly recommended for the improvement of the product.

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REFERENCE

David Oerted, Menira, 2014. Captured-based mud crad (Scylla serrate) aquaculture and
Artisanal fishery in East Africa – Practical and ecological perspective. Linnaeus
Unoiversity Dissertation No 159/2013, ISBN:978-91-87427-70.

Peng-lim Beoy, 2009. Utilization of waste crab shell. J oleo Sci. Pdf. page 499
Peryam, D. R., &Pilgrim, F.J. (1957). Hedonic Scale Method of measuring Food
Preferences. Retrieved on Decemeber 12, 2017, From goo.gl/FCRKhz
Po Yu Chen, ActaBiomaterialia 4 2008, Marcu (20012). Structure and mechanical
properties of crab exoskeleton, Acta Materialia Inc.
doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2007.12.010

Soundarapandian P, .2013, Fernandez, 2006 Mineral Composition of Edible Crab,

Charybdis Natator Herbst (Crustacea: Decapoda). J Bioanal Biomed 5: 099-101.
doi:10.4172/1948- 593X.1000088 Volume 5(4) page 99-100

https://www.philstar.com/business/agriculture/2006/01/08/315616/crab-shell-polvoron-
anyone#Ch8sPVehdG6K0O91.99

https://www.coursehero.com/file/p7cu7d8/The-Goldilocks-classic-polvoron-is-the-first-
that-the-store-introduced-to/

https://www.nutralegacy.com

http://www.jstage.jst.gojp/brow/jos

http://www./mangrove.nusedusg/guidebook/text2041.htm

http://species-
identification.org/species.php?species_group=crabs_of_japan=1085&menuentry=soorten

http://www.salcombefinest.com/salcombe/food-and-drink/seafoodd/crab

https://davisfunds 2017.com/funds/

http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783540417538
 30

APPENDIX A

Republic of the Philippines

Surigao State College of Technology

Del Carmen Campus
Siargao Island, Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte

DR. ROMY JUN A. SUNICO

Campus Director
SSCT-Del Carmen Campus
Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte

Sir:
Greetings!
The undersigned are conducting a research entitled “Commercial Crab Species:
Basis Production of Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron” in partial fulfillment of the
requirements leading to the degree Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Biological
Science. The study aims to assess the commercial assessment of the mangrove crab, to
evaluate the level of acceptability of Moringa crab polvoron and to determine of the
return investment.

In connection with this, the researcher would like to request in your good office
to allow us to conduct a survey to the respondent in Surigao State College of Technology
to evaluate the level of acceptability of Moringa crab polvoron. Rest assured that all their
response will be treated with the utmost confidentiality and will be utilize solely for the
purpose of the study.

Very respectfully yours,

(SGD) JUNE MARK S. HERMOSO (SGD) AVONNEY P. UBOS

BSED- IV Biological Science BSED- IV Biological Science

(SGD) NICELYN P. VIRTUDAZO

BSED- IV Biological Science

Approved:

(SGD) DR. ROMY JUN A. SUNICO

Campus Director
 31

Republic of the Philippines

Surigao State College of Technology
Del Carmen Campus
Siargao Island, Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte

BARANGAY CAPTAIN
Sta. Cruz, Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte
November 7, 2018

Sir/Madame

Good day!
The BSED-IV Biological Science student of Surigao State College of Technology
(SSCT) – Del Carmen Campus would like to conduct a study on crab species present in
the mangrove ecosystem in your respective barangay. We are going to collect a sample
for the further identification of the mangrove crab species. In connection with this, we are
requesting for your approval of our visit to the mangrove area in your barangay.

We are hoping for your approval to our request.

Sincerely Yours,

(SGD) JUNE MARK S. HERMOSO (SGD) AVONNEY P. UBOS

Researcher Researcher

(SGD) NICELYN P. VIRTUDAZO

Researcher
Noted by:
(SGD) DR. ANTONETTE B. DONOSO
Research Adviser
 32

APPENDIX B

HEDONIC SCALE

Evaluate the samples presented. Put check on the appropriate scale

provided below, the best describe your degree of liking or disliking towards the product.

Level of Texture Odor Appearance Taste Acceptability of the product

Perception

Like Extremely

Like Very Much

Like Moderately

Like Slightly

Neither Like nor

Dislike

Dislike Slightly

Dislike

Moderately

Dislike Very

much

Dislike

Extremely
 33

APPENDIX C

Score Card for Acceptance Test

Respondent:

Name:

Instructions:

You are receiving a sample of Moringa Crab Shell Polvoron. Please assess the codified

sample and indicate based on the scale below, whether you like it or dislike the product.

9 – Like extremely

8 – Like very much

7 – Like moderately

6 – Like slightly

5 – I did not like it/i didn’t dislike it

4 – I didn’t like it slightly

3 – I didn’t like it moderately

2- I didn’t like it very much

1 – I didn’t like it at all

ATTRIBUTES VALUES

Appearance

Odor

Taste

Texture

Over All Acceptability

 34

APPENDIX D

Fishermen Fishermen Fishermen Fishermen Fishermen

Crab Species 1 2 3 4 5 Total
D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4 D5 D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5 D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5 D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5 D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5

1. Scylla serata 2 2 1 1 1 10
1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 2 pcs 1 pc 1 pc 2 pc 15 pcs 20 pcs20 pcs 10 pcs 95 pcs
(Alimango) pcs pcs pc pc pc pcs
2. Thalamita
250 120 175 125 250 192 150p 250 192 192 250 120 125
crenata 2391 pcs
pcs pcs pcs pcs pcs pcs cs pcs pcs pcs pcs pcs pcs
(Kasag)
3. Myomenippe
28 24 30 28 18 10 20 27 45 20 24
harwicki 310 pcs
pcs pcs pcs pcs pcs pcs pcs pcs pcs pcs pcs
(Kuyo)
 35

APPENDIX E

During the Free taste of the product

 36

APPENDIX F

Survey
 37

APPENDIX G

Making Moringa crab shell polvoron

Grinding to powder the crab shells

 38

Cooking of the Product

Step 1. Step 2

Step 3 Step 4

Step 5
 39

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Avonney P. Ubos

Date of Birth : November 7, 1997
Place of Birth : Brgy. Rizal, Socorro, Surigao del Norte
Address : Brgy. Rizal, Socorro, Surigao del Norte
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Majarlica Economical Catholic Apostolic (MECA)
Nationality : Filipino
Parents : Eulijardo P. Ubos
Leticia R. Piao
No. of Siblings : 8

Educational Background

Elementary : Socorro Central Elementary School, Surigao del Norte

SY: 2006-2007
Secondary : Scorro National High School
Taruc, Socorro, SurigaodelNorte
SY: 2014-2015
Tertiary : Surigao State College of Technology- Del Carmen
Campus Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte
Program : BSED- Biological Science
AY: 2015- Present
 40

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Information

Name : Nicelyn P. Virtudazo

Date of Birth : October 28, 1990
Place of Birth : Brgy. San Mateo, Burgos, Surigao del Norte
Address : Brgy. San Mateo, Burgos, Surigao del Norte
Civil Status : Married
Religion : Jesus Miracle Crusade International Ministry
Nationality : Filipino
Parents : Niceforo Nogaliza Platil
Helen Yangao Platil
No. of Siblings : 6

Educational Background

Elementary : San Mateo Elementary School

SY: 1996-2001
First Honor
Secondary : Libertad National High School
Libertad, Sta. Monica, Surigao del Norte
SY: 2001-2006
Valedictorian
Tertiary : Siargao Island Institute of Technology
Dapa, Surigao del Norte
SY: 2007-2009
Program : BSED – Major in English

Surigao State College of Technology- DC Campus

 41

Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte

Program : BSED- Biological Science
AY: 2017- Present
 42

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Information

Name : June Mark S. Hermoso

Date of Birth : June 26, 1995
Place of Birth : Brgy. Sta. Cruz, San Benito, Surigao del Norte
Address : Brgy. Sta. Cruz, San Benito, Surigao del Norte
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Nationality : Filipino
Parents : Ma. Lowela H. Ruaya

No. of Siblings : 6

Educational Background

Elementary : San Benito Central Elementary School

SY: 2006 - 2007

Secondary : San Benito National High School

SY: 2010 - 2011
Tertiary : Surigao State College of Technology- Del Carmen
Campus, Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte
Program : BSED- Biological Science AY: 2017- Present