Shear force :

Algebraic sum of vertical forces at any sections of a beam to the right or left of the section is known
as shear force .

Bending moment :

Algebraic sum of moments of the forces to the right or left of the section is known as shear force

Cantilever beam :

Sl no Beam figure Definition

1.cantilever A beam which is fixed at one
end and free at the other end

2. simply A beam supported or resting

supported freely on the supports at its
both ends

3. If the end portion of a beam is

overhanging extended beyond the support

4. fixed A beam whose both ends are

beam/ build fixed
in

5. A beam which is provided more

continuous than two support
Sl no load Definition
1.concentrated/point A concentrated load(W) is
load one which is considered to
act to a point

2. uniformly Udl is one which is spread

distributed load(udl) over a beam in such a
manner that rate of loading
w is uniform along the
length
3. uniformly varying Uvl is one which is spread
load(uvl) over a beam in such a
manner that rate of loading
varies from point to point
along the beam

Sign convention:

Shear force:

Summation of left side force in upward direction

= positive
Summation of right side force in downward
direction = positive

Summation of right side force in upward

direction = negative
Summation of left side force in downward
direction = negative
Bending moment