Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
1. A Sociolingüística de Weinreich
1
Trata-se do Simpósio “Direções para a Lingüística Histórica”, realizado na Universidade do
Texas em 29 e 30 de abril de 1966.
2
2
It’s quite easy to demonstrate that a speech community is not co-terminous with a
language [...].
3
3
Furthermore, if speech communities are defined solely by their linguistic characteristics,
we must acknowledge the inherent circularity of any such definition in that language itself
is a communal possession.
4
[...] through speech markers functionally important social categorizations are
discriminated, and […] these have important implications for social organization. For
humans, speech markers have clear parallels […] it is evident that social categories of age,
sex, ethinicity, social class, and situation can be clearly marked on the basis of speech, and
that such categorization is fundamental to social organization even though many of the
categories are also easily discriminated on other bases.
4
3. O contato de línguas
5
Purely linguistic studies of language in contact must be coordinated with extra-linguistic
studies on bilingualism and related phenomena. […] the linguist who makes theories about
language influence but neglects to account for the socio-cultural seeting of the language
contact leaves his study suspended, as it were, in mid-air […].
6
Con el concepto de préstamo podemos dejar fuera de consideración la influencia mutua
léxica de dos lenguas que, de algún modo, estuvieron o están en contacto y que aqui
denominaremos A y B. Denominamos préstamo, pues, sólo a la influencia léxica de A sobre
B, o a la inversa, de B sobre A.
7
7
Embora não seja este o objeto em questão, e por isso mesmo não nos caiba ora
pormenorizar as discussões a respeito, lembramos que Lüdtke (1974, p. 288-289) não
considera a maioria dos pidgins e crioulos línguas mistas, que exemplifica com a língua
franca (mediterrânea medieval), o judeu-espanhol, o iídiche, o maltês e o papiamento.
8
4. Bilingüismo e diglossia
BILIGUISMO
+ -
E citando Vogt:
8
Those instances of deviation from the norm of either language which occur in the speech of
bilinguals as a result of their familiarity with more than one language, i.e., as a result of
language contact, will be refreed to as interference phenomena.
9
The term interference implies the rearrangement of patterns that result from the
introduction of foreign elements into the more highly structured domains of language. […] It
would be an oversimplification to speak here of borrowing, or mere additions to an inventory
[…].
16
10
[…] every enrichment or impoverishment of a system involves necessarily the
reorganization of the old distinctive oppositions of the system. To admit that a goven
element is simply added to the system which receives it wothout consequences for this
system would ruin the very concept of system.
17
E ainda,
E ainda:
Palavras finais
Referências