Name of Drug Mechanism of
Action
Generic Name: The Kalium durules
formulation provides
Kalium Durule gradual release of the
active ingredient over a
Dosage: long period of time. By
administering potassium
Three times a day for 6 chloride in this form, high
doses local concentrations of the
substance in the stomach
or intestine are avoided.
The gastrointestinal side
effects are thereby
reduced. The plastic matrix
in Kalium is completely inert
in the digestive juices but
generally disintegrates
under the influence of
intestinal peristalsis when all
of the active substance has
been released.
Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing
Responsibilities
Hypokalemia. Prophylaxis Hyperkalemia  Diarrhea Monitor I&O ratio and
during treatment with Chronic renal failure,  Nausea pattern in patients
saluretic diuretics, Systemic acidosis, such as  Vomiting receiving the parenteral
especially in combination diabetic acidosis, acute  Stomach drug. If oliguria occurs,
with digitalis. dehydration, extensive discomfort stop infusion promptly and
tissue breakdown as in  Vomiting notify physician.
Severe burns, Adrenal  Severe allergic -Lab test: Frequent serum
insufficiency, or the reactions electrolytes are warranted.
administration of a  Tightness in the -Monitor for and report
potassium-sparing chest signs of GI ulceration
diuretic  Black tarry stools (esophageal or epigastric
 Irregular pain or hematemesis).
heartbeats -Monitor patients receiving
 Listlessness parenteral potassium
 Numbness and closely with cardiac
tingling in the skin, monitor. Irregular
lips hands and heartbeat is usually the
feet earliest clinical indication
 Severe nausea of hyperkalemia.
and vomiting -Be alert for potassium
 Stomach pain or intoxication hyperkalemia
swelling may result from any
 Unusual confusion therapeutic dosage, and
or anxiety the patient may be
 Unusual muscle asymptomatic.
weakness or
paralysis
 Vomit that looks
like coffee
grounds
 Weak and heavy
legs
 Name of Drug Mechanism of
Action
Name of the drug Piperacillin inhibits bacterial
Piperacilin-tazobactam septum formation and cell
wall synthesis in susceptible
Classification bacteria. Tazobactam is a
Anti-infectives penicillanic acid sulfone
derivative w/ β-lactamase
inhibitory properties. In
Dosage combination, tazobactam
2.25 g TIV enhances the activity of
piperacillin against β-
lactamase-producing
bacteria. Piperacillin and
tazobactam has a wide
range of activity and is
active against gm+ve and
gm-ve aerobic and
anaerobic bacteria.
Indication
Nosocomial pneumonia
Empiric therapy for febrile
neutropenic patients
Complicated intra-
abdominal infections
Complicated urinary
tract infections
Skin and soft tissue
infections
Contraindication Side Effects Nursing
Responsibilities
Hypersensitivity to  dizziness, Obtain history of
piperacillin, tazobactam  agitation, hypersensitivity to
or any other penicillin-  trouble sleeping penicillins, cephalosporins,
antibacterial agent (insomnia), or other drugs prior to
 nausea, administration.
History of acute severe  vomiting, Lab tests: C&S prior to first
allergic reaction to any  stomach pain or dose of the drug; start drug
other β-lactam active upset, pending results. Monitor
substances  diarrhea, hematologic status with
 constipation, prolonged therapy (Hct
 headache, and Hgb, CBC with
 runny nose, differential and platelet
 anxiety, count).
 skin rash or Monitor patient carefully
 itching, or during the first 30 min after
viginal discharge initiation of the infusion for
or itching. signs of hypersensitivity
 Name of Drug Mechanism of
Action
Generic Name: Decreases viscosity of
respiratory tract secretions
N-Acetylcysteine and promote their removal
by breaking disulfide
Brand Name: bonds. In acetaminophen
overdose, it protects the
Fluimucil liver from injury by restoring
glutathione levels or by
Drug Classification: acting as alternate
substrate for
Anti-mucolytic acetaminophen
metabolism
Dosage and routes:
Mucolytic that reduces the
Adults and children: viscosity of pulmonary
Initially, 140 mg/kg P.O. secretions by splitting
then 70 mg/kg P.O. q 4 disulfide linkages between
hours for 17 doses. Or, a mucoprotein molecular
loading dose of complexes. Also, restores
150mg/kg IV over 15 liver stores of glutathione to
minutes; then IV treat acetaminophen
maintenance dose of toxicity.
50 mg/kg infused over 4
hours, followed by 100
mg/kg infused over 16
hours.
. add to nebulizer.
Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing
Responsibilities
Treatment of respiratory Contraindicated in CNS: fever, drowsiness, Use plastic, glass, stainless
affections characterized patients hypersensitive to abnormal thinking, gait steel, or another
by thick & viscous drug. disturbances nonreactive metal when
hypersecretions; acute Use cautiously in elderly CV: tachycardia, giving by nebulization.
&chronic bronchitis & its or debilitated patients hypotension, Hand-bulb nebulizers
exacerbation, pulmonary with severe respiratory hypertension, flushing, aren’t recommended
emphysema, insufficiency. Use I.V. chest tightness because output is too
mucoviscidosis & formulation cautiously in EENT: rhinorrhea, ear pain, small and particle size too
bronchiectasis. Antidote patients with asthma or a eye pain, pharyngitis, large.
in poisoning caused by history of bronchospasm. throat tightness
paracetamol, carbon GI: stomatitis, nausea, • Drug is physically or
tetrachloride, arsenic, vomiting chemically
metallic mercury Respiratory: rhonchi, incompatible with
inhalation, yellow bronchospasm, cough, tetracyclines,
phosphorus & for dyspnea erythromycin
cyclophosphamide Skin: rash, clamminess, lactobionate,
induced hemorrhagic diaphoresis, pruritus, amphotericin B, and
cystitis urticaria ampicillin sodium. If
Other: angioedema, chills, given by aerosol
anaphylactoid reaction inhalation, nebulize
these drugs separately.
Iodized oil, trypsin, and
hydrogen peroxide are
physically
incompatible with
acetylcysteine; don’t
• Drug smells strongly of
sulfur. Mixing oral form
with juice or cola
improves its taste.
• Drug delivered through
nasogastric tube may
be diluted with water.
• Monitor cough type
and frequency.
 Name of Drug Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing
Action Responsibilities
Generic Name: Controlled-release Management of pain Hepatic Impairment  CNS: confusion, Always check for allergies
products are indicated for severe enough to require Start initial therapy at sedation, dizziness, Assessment: assess type,
Oxycodone the management of pain daily, around-the-clock, one-third to one-half the dysphoria, euphoria, location, and intensity of
severe enough to require long-term analgesia for normal dose and titrate floating pain prior to and 1hr after
Brand Name: daily, around-the-clock, which alternative opioid dose carefully. Patients feeling,hallucinations, administration.ASESS: BP/
long-term opioid treatment therapies are inadequate with hepatic impairment headache, unusual Pulse/ and Respirations
Percocet,Endocet, and for which alternative in adults and opioid- have higher plasma dreams before and periodically
Magnacet, Primalev, treatment options are tolerant (already on oxycodone and  EENT: blurred vision, during admin.Hold If
Roxicet, Roxilox, Tylox inadequate ≥20mg/day oral noroxycodone and lower diplopia, miosis respiratory rate is <10/min
oxycodone or its oxymorphone  Respiratory assess level of sedation ;
Classification: equivalent) children. concentrations than Depression Physical stimulation may
those with normal  CV: orthostatic be sufficient to
Opioid agonists, opioid hepatic function. hypotension preventsignificant
agonists/nonopioid Renal Impairment  GI: constipation, dry hypoventilation. Assess
analgesic combinations Conservative initial dose mouth, nausea, bowel function routinely.
and dose titration are vomiting Prevention of constipation
Dosage/Range required. Dosage should  GU: urinary retention should be instituted
be modified depending  Skin: flushing,sweating withincreased intake of
PO Adults more than or on clinical response and  Misc:Physical/psychol fluids and bulk, and
equal to 50kg) 5-10 mg degree of renal ogical dependence, laxatives to minimize
q 3-4 hr prn impairment. In patients tolerance constipating effects.
Adults less than 50kgor with CrCl less than 60  APAP Side Effects: Stimulant laxatives should
Children 6-12yr 1.25mg mL/minute, the serum Hepatic failure, beadministered routinely if
q6hr prn or 0.2mg/kg concentration of Hepatotoxicity, renal opioid use exceeds 2-3
q3-4hr prn oxycodone is about 50% failure (high doses) (4 days, unless
children >12: 2.5mg higher than in patients G/ Day) contraindicated
q6hr prn with normal renal
Rectally(Adults): function.
10-40mg 3-4 times daily
prn
 Name of Drug Mechanism of Indication
Action
Generic Name: Binds to 50S ribosomal Bacteriostatic against the
Azithromycin subunits of susceptible following organisms:
bacteria and suppresses Monazella catarrblis,
protein synthesis; much Streptococcus
Brand Name: greater spectrum of pneumoniae,
Zithromax, Zmax activity than Streptococcus pyogenes,
erythromycin; more Staphylococcus aureus,
Functional class: effective against gram- Haemophilus influenza,
Antiinfective negative organisms. Clostridium, Legionella
pneumophila, Chlamydia
Chemical class: trachomatis,
Macrolide (azalide) Mycoplasma; No effect
on methicillin-resistant S.
Pregnancy category: aureus; in children: acute
B otitis media (H.
influenzae, M. catarrbalis,
Dosage and routes: S. pneumonia) PO, Acute
Intravenous pharyngitis/tonsillitis
(group A streptococcal)
Oral PO; Acute skin/soft tissue
infections (PO);
Community acquired
pneumonia (C.
pneumonia, H. influenza,
M. pneumonia, S.
pneumonia) PO;
Pharyngitis/tonsillitis
(S.pyogenes)
Contraindication Side Effects Nursing
Responsibilities
CNS: Dizziness,  Provide adequate
Hypersensitivity to headache, vertigo, intake of fluids (2L)
azithromycin, somnolence during diarrhea
erythromycin or any episodes
macrolide CV: Palpitations, chest  Give with a full glass of
pain water, give susp 1 hour
before or 2 hours after
Precautions: Pregnancy EENT: Hearing loss, meals; tablet may be
category B, tinnitus taken without regard
breastfeeding, child to food; do not give
under 6 months for otitis GI: Nausea, vomiting, with fruit juices
media, child under 2 diarrhea, hepatotoxicity,  Do not take
years for pharyngitis, abdominal pain, aluminum/magnesium
geriatric, stomatitis, heartburn, containing antacids or
renal/hepatic/cardiac dyspepsia, flatulence, food simultaneously
disease, tonsillitis melena, cholestatic with this product
jaundice,  Instruct patient to
pseudomembranous report sore throat,
colitis, tongue black furry tongue,
discoloration fever, loose foul-
smelling stool, vaginal
GU: Vaginitis, moniliasis, itching, discharge,
nephrtis fatigue; may indicate
superinfection
HEMA: Anemia  Instruct patient to
notify prescriber of
INTEG: Rash, urticarial, diarrhea stools, dark
pruritus, photosensitivity urine, pale stools,
yellow discoloration of
SYST: Angioedema eyes or skin, severe
abdominal pain;
cholestatic jaundice is
a sever adverse
reaction
 Inform patient that
sunburns may occur;
wear protective
clothing and
sunscreen
 Name of Drug Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities

Generic Name: Action:Inhibits calcium ion Therapeutic outcome: Sick sinus syndrome, 2nd- CNS: Headache, fatigue,  Give once a day,
Amlodipine influx across cell Decreased angina or 3rd- degree heart dizziness, asthenia, anxiety without regard to
membrane during pectoris, dysrhythmias, block, hypersensitivity, depression, insomnia, meals
Brand Name: Norvasc cardiac depolarization; and blood pressure severe aortic stenosis, paresthesia, somnolence  Advise patient to
produces relaxation of severe obstructive avoid hazardous
Functional class: coronary vascular smooth Uses:Chronic stable coronary artery disease CV: Dysrhythmia, activities until stabilized
Antianginal, calcium muscle and peripheral angina pectoris, peripheral edema, on product, dizziness is
channel blocker, vascular smooth muscle; hypertension, variant Precautions: bradycardia, hypotension, no longer a problem
antihypertensive dilates coronary vascular angina (Prinzmetal’s Pregnancy category C, palpitations, syncope,  Instruct patient to
arteries; increases angina); may breastfeeding, children, chest pain avoid alcohol and
Chemical class: myocardial oxygen coadminister with other geriatric, CHF, OTC products unless
Dihydropyridine delivery in patients with antihypertensives, hypotension, hepatic GI: Nausea, vomiting, directed by doctor
vasospastic angina antianginals. injury diarrhea, gastric upset,  Advise patient to
Pregnancy category: constipation, flatulence, comply in all areas of
C anorexia, gingival medical regimen: diet,
hyperplasia, dyspepsia, exercise, stress
Dosage and routes: dysphagia reduction, smoking
Oral cessation, product
GU:Nocturia, polyuria, therapy; to notify
Angina: PO 5-10mg daily sexual difficulties doctor of irregular
heartbeat, shortness of
INTEG: Rash, pruritus, breath, swelling of feet
. urticarial, hair loss and hands, severe
dizziness, constipation,
OTHER: Flushing, sexual nausea, hypotension
difficulties, muscle  Teach patient to use
cramps, cough, weight as directed even if
gain, tinnitus, spistaxis feeling better; may be
taken with other
cardiovascular
products (nitrates, B-
blockers)