TEORIA ELECTROMAGNETICA Y ONDAS

STEP 4 - TO ANALYZE THE WAVES BEHAVIOR IN GUIDED MEDIUMS

AND RADIATION

KATHERIN SANCHEZ SANCHEZ

CC: 1047971813

TUTOR: WILLIAM MAURICIO SAENZ

GRUPO: 203058_66

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA

ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS BÁSICAS, TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA

MEDELLIN

2018
Activities to develop

Each student in the group has to answer the following questions

using academic references to support the research:

1. What is the practical implications associated to a line with

only reactive components or only resistive components?
Las implicaciones que se denen tener cuando se use una linea que
contiene elementos resistivos es que
La principal consideración que debe tenerse es que una linea que
contiene solo elementos resistivos, llega a calentarse bastante, por lo
que podría deteriorar el esmalte aislante que recubre dicho cable, por lo
que debe utilizarse un cable de mayor calibre.

Mientras que una linea que utiliza solo componentes reactivos, suelen
ser mas sensibles a las perturbaciones y a las pérdidas debido a la
influencia de campos externos, por lo que deben utilizarse un cableado
que sea capaz de apantallar las interferencias del ambiente.

Ver más en Brainly.lat - https://brainly.lat/tarea/9007596#readmore

2. In a practical transmission system. What is a good value for
the reflection coefficient and the VSWR? Explain.

Reflection coefficient

the reflection coefficient relates the amplitude of the reflected wave with
the amplitude of the incident wave. It is usually represented with a {\
displaystyle \ Gamma} \ Gamma (uppercase gamma).

The reflection coefficient is given by:

𝒁𝑳 − 𝒁𝟎
𝑻=
𝒁𝑳 + 𝒁𝟎
the VSWR

The standing wave ratio (VSWR) is defined as the ratio of the

maximum voltage to the minimum voltage of a standing wave in a
transmission line, therefore, it has no units. In terms of voltage, it is the
division of the sum of the incident voltage plus the reflected voltage
between the difference of the incident voltage minus the reflected
voltage. Essentially, the VSWR is a measure of the decoupling of all
charges in the radiant system (feeders, jumpers, connectors, antennas,
and other devices that are part of the radiant system).

The variation of the VSWR depends very much on the variation of the
waves existing in a transmission line, but mainly, of the reflected wave.
In practical terms, a hit feeder, a badly made connector, a bad fit on the
junction of two connectors or an oxidized antenna port make the
impedance of the transmission line vary over its entire length and in
turn will make the reflected wave increase, so that, consequently, the
value of VSWR will rise

3. What occurs with the voltage and current in a line with the
following conditions: line terminated in its characteristic
impedance, line terminated in a short and line terminated
in an open?

line terminated in its characteristic impedance

The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is the value of the
relationship between voltage and current in the line if it is of infinite
length or has an impedance equal to its characteristic impedance
connected to its terminal, depending on its electrical parameters

z0 = √ (L / C)
In such conditions, the characteristic impedance is real, that is, purely
resistive and does not depend on the frequency, only on the inductance
and distributed capacity and, the latter, in turn on the permittivity of the
dielectric
line terminated in a short and line terminated in an open
When a transmission line is terminated in short circuit or open circuit,
there is an impedance inversion, every quarter of a wavelength. For a
lossless line, the impedance varies from infinity to zero. However, in a
more real situation, where power losses occur, the amplitude of the
reflected wave is always smaller than that of the incident wave, except
in the termination. Therefore, the impedance varies from some
maximum value to some minimum value, or vice versa, depending on
whether the line ends in a short or an open circuit.

The input impedance for a line without losses, seen from a

transmission line that is terminated in a short or open circuit can be
resistive, inductive, or capacitive, depending on the distance that exists
from the termination. Phasorial diagrams are generally used to analyze
the input impedance of a transmission line because they are relatively
simple and give a graphical representation of the relationships between
voltage and current phases. The relationships between the voltage and
current phase refer to the variations in time.
4. What is the voltage reflection coefficient and what is an
ideal value for a transmission system?

The incident voltage in a transmission line has a relationship with the

flying reflection voltage which is known as the voltage reflection
coefficient
𝑉𝑟 𝑣0 −
𝑇= =
𝑉𝑖 𝑣0 +
 5. What is the effect of Lossy line on voltage and current
waves?

What is the effect of the line with loss in voltage

For analysis purposes, transmission lines are often considered, without

loss, however, there are actually several ways in which energy is lost in
a transmission line. There are the losses in the driver, lost by radiation,
lost by heating the dialectic, lost by coupling and crown effect

the current waves

it is a direct current that undergoes regular changes of magnitude from

a constant value. The changes can be in intensity or tension. These
changes or pulses are always in the same direction as the current. That
is why all types of alternate currents, whether square, sinusoidal or in
the saw are not pulsatory.

In the figure on the right you can see some examples of waves of
different periodic currents. The types a, d and e are alternate currents
and b, c and f are pulsating.

6. In the Smith Chart identify a 𝒁𝑳 =∝, a 𝒁𝑳 = 𝟎, two resistive

loads and two complex loads. You have to assume the
characteristic impedance.

Where:

𝑍𝑙 : is the load impedance

𝜆
𝑍0 : is the characteristic impedance of the stretch
4

𝑍(𝑧): input impedance to the tráiler

Choose one of the following problems, solve it and share the
solution in the forum. Perform a critical analysis on the group
members’ contributions and reply this in the forum.
5. A load 𝒁𝑳 = 𝟑𝟓 − 𝒋𝟔𝟎𝛀 is connected to a transmission line with
𝒁𝟎 = 𝟕𝟓𝛀. The line is 𝒍 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝝀. Find the input impedance and
at least two line lengths where the input impedance is real.
Use the Smith Chart to Solve the exercise.

Una carga Z_L = 35-j60Ω está conectada a una línea de

transmisión con Z_0 = 75Ω. La línea es l = 0.45λ. Encuentre la
impedancia de entrada y al menos dos longitudes de línea donde
la impedancia de entrada es real. Usa la tabla de Smith para
resolver el ejercicio

Solution:
The first step to take is the location of the load impedance in the chart.
As you know, the values on the Smith chart are normalized with respect
to the impedance of the line, therefore; any impedance value that you
want to place in it must be divided by Zo in this way
𝑧 35 60
= −𝑗 = 0.4 − 𝑗 0.8
𝑧0 75 75