1. What are the purposes of AMM, IPC and FIM?

AMM – Aircraft Maintenance Manual

- It contains a descriptive information and task procedure to accomplish

maintenance practices for aircraft system.
- It contains data necessary to service, troubleshoot, check and repair system and
equipment installed on airplane.

IPC – Illustrated Parts Catalogue

- It presents information for provisioning and requisitioning of replacement parts
and assemblies.
- It contains alpha-numeric and numeric indexes to help search for aircraft parts.
- It also contains parts and vendor’s information so that you can place spare part
orders.

FIM – Fault Isolation Manual

- It presents fault isolation tree diagram for locating the cause of system faults in
a structural manner.
- It made use of arrays of fault codes each of which is characteristics to a
combination of symptoms and or flight deck effect.

2. State the faults codes and the procedure to rectify it?

Upon the receipt of fault codes from an incoming aircraft, the line maintenance
engineer should:
- Consult the FIM step-by-step troubleshooting procedure.
- Use a relevant procedure of AMM to do a test and swap components.
- Use IPC to requisition a spare component for replacement.
- With the spare at hand, use AMM procedure to remove faulty components and
install a new one.
- Sign-off the appropriate entry in the technical logbook.
3. What is the purpose of AMM, Format and content?

The publication was prepared by Boeing Commercial Airplanes in accordance with

ATA100 Specification for Manufacturer’s Technical Data. It contains information
required to service, troubleshoot, functionally check, repair or replace all systems
and equipment installed in the 747-400 family of airplanes.
Content 1:

- The airplanes maintenance manual is divided into chapters and group of

chapters.

Content 2:

- The division of manual into chapters provides functional breakdown of the

entire airplane.
- The division of manual within each of chapter further refines the functional
breakdown using section and subject number.
- This three element numbers (xx-xx-xx), known as Assigned Subject Number
(ASN), allows the user to identify a single functional item within the wider
scope of each other.

- The three elements of ASN, each contain two digits:

1) The first element corresponds to chapter or system.

2) The second element corresponds to section or sub-system.
3) The third element corresponds to subject or unit.

Content 3:

- All chapters of the maintenance manual are grouped under five major
headings.
- The five major headings and their associated chapters are as below:
 4) Chapter 1-4: Reserved for AMM Owner use

5) Chapter 5-12: Aircraft General Group

6) Chapter 20-49: Airframe Systems Group
7) Chapter 51-57: Structure Group
8) Chapter 70-80: Power Plant Group

Content 4:

- The aircraft maintenance manual features:

9) Description and Operation

10)Service
11)Removal and Installation
12)Testing (three levels)
4. How to ensure you find the correct and latest information?

a) Effectivity and Configuration Numbering:

- The manual information effectivity is placed in effectivity block located in the

lower left margin of each page. When a page applies to all airplanes; the word
ALL will be found in the effectivity block preceded by the AMM Owner’s three-
letter code. If the information does not apply to all airplanes, then the
effectivity will be one of the types:

13)Physical description: A description of the differences that you can see.

14)Airplane effectivity numbers: The AMM Owner’s three-letter code and

customer effectivity code.

b) Revision Services:

- The maintenance manual will be kept current by Revision Services. A List of

Effective Pages (LEP) will be provided with each revision; two revision services
will keep the maintenance manual current. They are Normal and Temporary and
are described below:

15)Normal Revision Service:

• AMM owners, Airplane owners and Airplane operators who have

contracted continuing normal revision service for this manual,
receive revisions three times each year dated 15th March, 15th July
and 15th November.
• The LEP is provided for each chapter, and it is located at the
beginning of the chapter for printed manuals. The list can be
identified by the word Effective Pages located at the lower right
corner of the page. The pages are numbered sequentially starting
with page 1.

16)Temporary Revision Service:

• Temporary revision service to this manual will be issued as
necessary to alert airplane owner or operator of configuration
differences and it provides temporary instructions prior to the
next schedule revision. Temporary revision may also be issued as a
result of an AMM owner request for incorporation of a service
bulletin. The temporary revision data will be incorporated in the
subsequent revision of the manual.
• Each temporary revision provide a set of replacement pages that
remain effect until incorporated in the next regular revision or
superseded by another temporary revision.
5. What is the definition of EWIS? State 9 of the EWIS devices

EWIS – Electrical Wiring Interconnecting System:

It means any wire, wiring devices or combination of these, including termination

devices installed in any area of aeroplane for the purpose of transmitting electrical
energy, including data and signals between two or more intended termination
points.

9 Devices of EWIS:

- Wires and Cables

- Bus bar
- Connector, feed-through connector
- Connector accessories
- Electrical splice
- Label and any mean of identification
- Shields or Braids
- Cable tie devices
- Pressure seal

6. How to manage maintenance of EWIS?

i. New Philosophy: Protect, Clean as you go.

ii. EZAP- Enhanced Zonal Analysis Procedure (Enhanced Maintenance

Procedure):

Have OEMs to add a protection and caution steps to AMM instructions, thus
avoid collateral damage of wiring.
 iii. Structured ZIP – Zonal Inspection Procedures:

Mandate a structured inspection of wiring by zones for wiring system Health.

Provide Guidance material for General Visual Inspection (GVI) as a stand-alone
GVI and make sure that they are being adopted in practice.

7. What is the general precaution and procedures for connecting 3-phase

electrical power for the aircraft?

The general precaution and procedures for connecting 3-phase electrical power for
the aircraft is:

• Check that the external supply is compatible with the aircraft system, and is
switched off.
• Check that the external plug and socket are clean, dry and undamaged.
• Connect the external plug/socket, ensuring that it is fully mated and secure.
Switch on the external power supply.
• Check the voltage and frequency of the external supply on aircraft electrical
system instruments, and perform the operations specified in the relevant
Maintenance Manual to engage external supply with the aircraft A/C system.
• To disconnect the external supply, disengage it from the aircraft A/C system.
Switch off the external power supply at source, and remove the external power
plug/socket.

8. What is the general use of the external power plug the purpose of connector
pins?

• XPP (External Power Plug) connect the external power cable of the aircraft.
Before you do the connection, examine the plug to ensure the plug is fit for the
job.
 • For D.C Power, the shorter pin connect the D.C power for operation of
interlocking relay.
• For A.C Power, the receptacle is six pin type. Three of the larger pin for
corresponding power phase. The 4th larger pin for ground connection.

9. What is fire?

Fire is the combination of heat, fuel and oxygen in the correct ratio, that create
combustion. A fire can be stopped by removing one part of the triangle. The
method includes smothering, starvation and cooling. There are four classes of fire
and each determine by what is burning.

• Class A: Wood, paper, cloth, textile. Natural product

• Class B: Flammable liquid and solids such as grease, oil, petrol, solvent, paint
and plastic. Man-made product.
• Class C: Electrical equipment such as fuse box, switches and appliances.

• Class D: Metal fire. The high intensity combustion metal such as magnesium,
potassium, sodium, titanium and zirconium.

Class A: Water, Foam, and Powder

Class B: Foam, Powder, CO2, BCF, and Halon

 Class C: CO2, Powder, BCF, and Halon

Class D: Powder

10.What is the practice precaution in the workshop?

- No one is allowed to smoke and use naked light in the hangar or workplace.
- The greatest hazard exist when these metals are in molten state or fine powder.
In housekeeping, clean the aircraft and workplace of the metal swarf and
powders.
- Switch off all unattended electrical equipment. Never overload the electrical
equipment.

- Welding should only be performed at designated area.

- Keep ventilation to prevent the accumulation of flammable gasses.
- Wipe off all leakage and spillage of flammable liquid immediately. Store the
materials in approved containers only and in designated area only.
- Check the fire extinguisher periodically to ensure serviceability. Keep the
emergency path clear.

In conclusion, everybody should know the basic knowledge of fire and extinguishing
methods to handle the situation correctly when fire occurs.

11.What is the general precaution of handling hydraulic fluid?

1. Hydraulic fluids are generally flammable and should not be allowed to

accumulate in aircraft structure. Leakage of hydraulic fluid can cause for fire
and should be noted when inspecting the aircraft.

2. Hydraulic fluid may also have an adverse effect on paintwork, adhesive,

sealant and inhibitor of corrosion prevention schemes. Care should be taken
not to spill these liquid, in case it happens, mop it up and clean the affected
area.
 3. Hydraulic fluid maybe harmful or even toxic. If their vapours were to breathe
in or they come into contact with skin or eyes. Particular precaution should be
taken for any sign of danger to health.

12.What is the precautions and procedures for connecting external hydraulic

power to an aircraft?

Before a hydraulic system is reactivated and pressurised, it is the responsibility of

the engineer in-charge to ensure that:

1. All work on system is completed and the system is ready for operation (refer to
relevant Maintenance Manual).

2. All hydraulically operated components/control surfaces are clear of personnel

and equipment. The control surfaces position are coincide with the
corresponding control handle/switch. The gear door control handle/ switches
are coincide with the door position.

3. Adequate staffs are positioned strategically around aircraft or system to

observe, and ensure non-relative personnel and equipment are kept clear of
these areas.

4. To prevent contamination of the hydraulic system, use clean equipment when

you do the servicing of the hydraulic reservoir. Damage to hydraulic system can
occur.

5. Switch on the electrical power to check all the instruments and indication
lights to ensure they are operative. Then the engineer in-charge shall proceeds
to activate the hydraulic system.

13.List out the precautions for aircraft during refuelling

On all types of aircraft:

 1. All the connections between ground equipment and aircraft should be made
before the fuelling equipment is connected. It should not be broken until the
fuelling is completed.

2. All hand torches, inspection lamps and their cable connection used with the
fuelling zones should be certified flameproof or intrinsically safe type.

3. Aircraft should not be fuelled within 30m (100ft.) from active radar under test
or in use in aircraft or ground installation.

4. When any part of an aircraft landing gear appears to be overheated, fuelling

should not take place until the heat has been dissipated.

5. Also the use of photographic flash bulb and electronic flash within 6m (20ft.)
from filing or venting points of aircraft or fuelling equipment should not be
permitted.

On all large transport aircraft:

1. Move chock a short distance away from tires to prevent them from being
trapped when the tires absorb the additional weight.

2. Close any overwing entry door and preferably all doors.

14.List the operation procedure of refuelling

1. Connect bonding cable.

2. Connect the fuel hose to the fuel receptacle adapter. Test pull the receptacle
to make sure it is fully attached.

3. At the refuel control panel, perform the light test and valve test.
15.Describe the pre-towing checks

Before towing is commence,

1. Ensure that the landing gear ground locks and wheel chocks are installed.

2. If applicable, disconnect or disable the nose gear steering (usually by

inserting a lockout pin or by tripping the associated circuit breaker). Check
the nose gear shock absorber for normal extension.

3. In addition, check the break pressure and if necessary, build up to the

minimum safe pressure.

4. If it is likely to be necessary to turn nose wheel through a greater angle than

the prescribed steering limit, then free the nose wheel by removing the
apex pin from the torque links; thus allowing the nose wheel complete
freedom of movement. Pay particular attention to any limits imposed on
aircraft having bogie gears.

5. Check the telephone communication is established between the brake

keepers, towing supervisor and tractor driver.

16.Suppose under normal condition, how to perform an aircraft towing?

1. Release the aircraft break before the tractor moves off. Keep the towing
speed down to safe speed.

2. Keep the radii of turns as large as possible to minimise the tire scrubbing
and twisting loads on the main gear legs.

3. Take care not to exceed any towing force limits which may be specified in
the relevant maintenance manual for various nose wheel steering angles.

4. Before stopping, tow the aircraft in a straight line for a short distance in
order to remove any tire stresses imposed by turning.

5. Once stationary, apply the aircraft brake. Remove the tractor and tow bar.
Re-fit the nose wheel steering links and safety lock.
 a) Release the aircraft brake before the tractor moves off. Keep the towing speed
down to a safe speed.

b) Keep the radii of turns as large as possible in order to minimise the tire scrubbing
and twisting loads on main gear legs.

c) Take care not to exceed any towing force limits which may be specified in the
relevant maintenance manual for various nose wheel steering angles.

d) Before stopping, tow the aircraft in a straight line for a short distance in order to
remove any tire stresses imposed by turning.

e) Once stationary, apply the aircraft brake. Remove the tractor and tow bar. Re-fit
the nose wheel steering links and safety lock.

Before towing is commenced,

a) Ensure that the landing gear ground locks and wheel chocks are installed.

b) If applicable, disconnect or disable the nose gear steering (usually by inserting

lockout pin or by tripping the associated circuit breaker). Check the nose gear
shock absorber for normal extension.

c) In addition, check the brake pressure and if necessary build up to the minimum
safe pressure.

d) If it is likely to be necessary to turn the nose wheel through a greater angle than
prescribed steering limits, then free the nose wheel by removing the apex pin from
the torque links. Thus allowing the nose wheel complete freedom of movement.
Pay particular attention to any limits imposed on aircraft bogie gears.

e) Check that the telephone communication is established between the brake

keepers, towing supervisor and tractor driver.
On all type of aircraft;

- All the connections between ground equipment and aircraft should be made
before the fuelling equipment is connected and it should not be broken until
the fuelling is completed.

- All hand torches, inspection lamps, and their cable connection used within the
fuelling zones should be certified flameproof or intrinsically safe type.

- Aircraft should not be fuelled within 30m (100ft) of active radar equipment
under tests or in use in aircraft or ground installations.

- When any part of an aircraft landing gear appears to be overheated, fuelling

should not take place until the heat has been dissipated.

- Also the use of photographic flash bulb and electronic flash equipment within
6m (20ft) of filling or venting points of aircraft or fuelling equipment should not
be permitted.

On large transport aircraft;

- Move the wheel chocks a short distance away from the tires to prevent them
from being trapped when the tire absorb the additional weight.

- Close any overwing entry door and preferably all doors.

- Connect bonding cable

- Connect the fuel hose to the fuel receptacle adapter, test pull the receptacle to
make sure it is fully attached.

- At the refuel control panel, perform the light test and valves test.