cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc

E}UM/
U]HZFTGF 5J"TM VG[ T[GL p\RF. JF{9FDF\ D/TL ;FT GNLVM
"GJ ;F5 sHF[.f ASF V[ U. RM8L,Fcc ccCF ;FD[ DFJM BFX[cc
G ULZGFZ CF CFYDTL
J H[;MZ ;F ;FAZDTL
;F ;F5]TFZF D[ D[`JM
5 5FJFU- DF DFh]D
A AZ0M JM JF+S
SF SF/M BF BFZL
U ULZGL 8[SZL X[ X[-L
. .0ZGM 0]\UZ
RM8L,F RM8L,F ZL\K DF8[GF VeIFZ6M
ccA[XLHF D.J"
EFZTGF 5|D]B 5ZDF6]\ pHF" pt5FNG A[ AF,FZFD
ccTFZF SF S{S Gcc XL XLTDCF,
TF TFZF5]Z sDCFZFQ8 U]HZFT ;LDF HF HF\A]3M0F
5Zf D 0[l0IF5F0F
ZF ZFJT EF8F sZFH:YFGf J H[;MZ
SF SFSZF5FZ sU]HZFTf
S{ S{UF sS6F"8Sf VZA ;FUZG[ D/TL GNLVM
S S,5SSD sTFlD,GF0]f cc;DFGTFcc
G GZF{Z spTZ5|N[Xf ; ;FAZDTL
DF DCL
EFZTGF DCtJGF V6]lJW]T DYS
G GD"NF
ccTFZF SFG SMc S SF5[cc
TF TF5L
TF TFZF5]Z
A[ JFZ A]SZ 5|F.H lJH[TF VM
ZF ZFJT EF8F sZFH:YFGf
"KASAB"
SF SFSZF5FZ sU]HZFTf lSZ6 N[;F.
K
G GZMZF spTZ 5|N[Xf VZ]W\TL ZMI
A
SM SM8FsZFH:YFGf ;,DFG Z]XNL
S
S S<5SD sTlD,GF0]f VZlJ\N S[HZLJF,
A
B JLP V[;PGF.5F{,

1
V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 NITISH SIR
ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP 9426882075
 cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc

U]HZFT ZFHIGF lH<,FVMGL VgI ZFHI EFZTGF S]NZTL ;ZMJZ

;FY[ ;ZCN ccS]lR5]0L AGJ] ;cc
ccDCFZFQ8= o SEE (C) NDTV" S] SM<,[Z] sVF\W|5|N[Xf DL9]\ 5F6L
C KM8FpN[5]Z lR lR<SF sVMl0XF f BFZF 5F6LG]\
N GD"NF4 ,U}G
D 0F\U 5] 5]l,S8 sTlD,GF0]f VF\W5|N[X
T TF5L BFZF 5F6LG]\ ,U}G
V J,;F0 0L sN-f 0F, sSFxDLZf DL9F 5F6L
-[AZ sZFH:YFGf DL9F 5F6L
ccZFH:YFG oAD MK BK SK" A A|CD sClZIF6Ff DL9F 5F6L
A VZJ<,L G G/ sU]HZFT f DL9F VG[ BFZF
D NFCMN 5F6L
M DlC;FUZ J] J],Z sSFxDLZf DL9F 5F6L
K SrK sDM8]\f
BK AGF;SF\9F ; ;F\EZ sZFH:YFG f BFZF 5F6L
SK ;FAZSF\9F sDM8]\f

ccDwI5|N[X o CD" U]HZFTGL DCFGUZ5Fl,SFVM

KM8FpN[5]Z ccZFH]EF VD[ HF;] UF\Jcc
C
NCMN ZF ZFHSM8
D
H] H]GFU-
EF EFJGUZ
VD[ VDNFJFN
HF HFDGUZ
SS"J'T 5Z U]HZFTGF lH<,FVM ;[ ;]ZT
ccS5F; D[ VFUcc UF\ UF\WLGUZ
S SrK J J0MNZF
5F 5F86
; ;FAZSF\9F EFZTGL ;D]ä ;LDF ;FY[ HF[0FI[, N[XGF GFD
D[ DC[;F6F ccs;}+vMa ma sri I T B Pfcc
VF VZJ<,L Ma-DF,NLJ I-.lg0MG[lXIF
U UF\WLGUZ Ma-dIFGDFZ T-YF.,[g0
sri-zL,\SF B-AF\u,FN[X
P-5FlS:TFG
2
V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 NITISH SIR
ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP 9426882075
 cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc
SSJ'T 5Z 5;FZ YTF\ ZFHIM U\UF GlNG[ D/TL VgI GlNVMGF GFD IFN
ccDDL 56 U]HZFTL K[cc ZFBJFGL ZLT
D DwI5|N[X (RAM GO,KALI G,KOS
DL lDhMZD MAHAN)
56 sAf 5l`JD A\UF, RAM-ZFDU\UF G-U\0S
U] U]HZFT GO-UMDTL KOS-SM;L
HF hFZB\0 KALI-SF,L MAHAN-DCFGNL
ZF ZFH:YFG VYJF XFZNF
TL l+5]ZF
K[ KTL;U-
1F[+O/GL N=lQ8V[ lJ`JGF ;F{YL DM8F N[X IFN
A\UF/GL BF0LDF\ 50TL EFZTGL GNLGF GFD IFN ZFBJFGL ZLTP
ZFBJFGL ZLTP ccZS VF RLGA VF EFZTcc
ccA|ïF SL UMN D[ U\UFcc
A|ïFvA|ïF D[vDCFGNL ZvZlXIF AvA|FhL,
SLvS'Q6F4SFJ[ZL U\UFvU\UF SvS[G[0F VFvVM:8=[l,IF
UMNvUMNFJZL VFvVD[lZSF EFZTvEFZT
RLGvRLG
B\EFTGL BF0LDF\ 50TL GNLGF GFD IFN
ZFBJFGL ZLT 5|XF\T DCF;FUZDF\ 50TL GNLGF GFD IFN
ccD ; TF GFcc ZFBJFGL ZLTP
DvDlC TFvTF5L "H A C Y"
;v;FAZDTL GFvGD"NF
T-CJF\UCM C-l;\SIF\U
1F[+O/GL N=lQ8V[ EFZTGF DM8F ZFHIM A-VD}Z Y-IF\U 8L l;\SIF\U
ccZFD DCF VF\cc
ZFvZFH:YFG DCFvDCFZFQ8=
EFZTGF S'l+D ;ZMJZM
DvDwI5|N[X VF\vVF\W5|N[X
ccUMUFGF S;Dcc
UM UMlJ\N ;FUZ s;T,Hf lCDFR,5|N[X
JFTFJZ6GF :TZ IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT UF UF\WL ;FUZ sR\A,f DwI5|N[X
"TS O MI" GF GFUFH]"G ;FUZ sS'Q6Ff VF\W5|N[X
T-8=M5M:OLIZ M-D[;M:OLIZ S S'Q6ZFH ;FUZ sSFJ[ZLf S6F"8S
S-:8[8M:OLIZ I-VFIMGM:OLIZ ; ;ZNFZ ;ZMJZ sGD"NFf U]HZFT
O-VMhMGM:OLIZ D lGhFD ;FUZ sUMNFJZLf T[,\U6F

3
V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 NITISH SIR
ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP 9426882075
 cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc

EFZTG[ DF+ HDLG ;LDFYL V0TF N[XM

5FlS:TFG ;FY[ HF[0FI[,F ZFHIM ccRF.GF BAN"
cc5\ U] ZF Hcc RF.GF RLG
5\v5\HFA B E}TFG
U]vU]HZFT A VO3FlG:TFG
ZFvZFH:YFG N G[5F/
HvHdD] SFxDLZ

EFZTGF S[gN=XFl;T 5|N[X ,MB\0 pt5FNG DF8[ S|DFG];FZ N[X

ccR,M lN, N[ NM VF5cc
cc;}+v CHABI"
RvR\NLU- NMvNFNZF VG[ GUZ st
1 -CH-RLG
,Mv,1FäL5 CJ[,L
lN,vlN<CL VFvVF\NFDFG 2nd-A-VM:8=[l,IF
N[vNLJ VG[ ND6 lGSMAFZ 3rd-B-A|Flh,
5v5M\l0R[ZL 4th-I-EFZT

EFZTGF 7 l;:8Z
cc;}+vA.T.M VFGF DDLcc
EFZTGF 5F0MXL N[XM s;ZCNLI lJ:TFZ 5|DF6[f
A-V;D slN;5]Zf
ccAR5G sDFf MBA"
AvAF\u,FN[X T-l+5]ZF sVUZT,Ff
M-dIFGDFZ
RvRLG M-D[3F,I slX,M\Uf
B-E}8FG
5v5FlS:TFG VvV~6FR,5|N[X s.8FGUZf
A-VO3FlG:TFG
GvG[5F/ GFvGFUF,[g0 sSMlCDFf
DvDl65]Z s.dOF,f
DLvDLhMZD sVF.hM,f
EFZTGF 5|DF6;DI Z[BF 5Z VFJTF ZFHIMP
cc;}+v VF\W/F K+L UP MP p0Lcc
VF\W5|N[X U]HZFT S. RLHJ:T]DF\ 5|YD :YFG[ K[P
KTL;U- cc;}+v GDScc
p¿Z5|N[X GvGDS
DwI5|N[X DvDUO/L
VMlZ:;F SvS5F;

4
V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 NITISH SIR
ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP 9426882075
 cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc
1F[[+O/GL N=lQ8V[ S|DDF\ N[XM DFG;ZMJZ DF\YL GLS/TL ,MB\0 pt5FNG SZTF RFZ D]bI
cc;}+ o Z]S CA BAI" GNLVM ZFHIM
ZvZlXIF cc;}+ vSBS" cc;}+ vOK KTL; GO"
SvS[G[0F S-;T,H O-VMl0;F
C-RLG B-A|ï5]+F K-S6F"8S
A-VD[lZSF S-l;gW] KTL;vKTL;U-
B-A|Flh, GO-UMJF
A-VM:8[=l,IF
I-EFZT
EFZTGL :Y/ VG[ H/;LDF :5X"TF N[XM
cc;}+vDF AF5cc
J:TLGF VFWFZ[ S|DDF\ N[XM
cc;}+ vCIA VG[ IB 5FlS:TFG UI[Pcc DF dIFGDFZ
C-RLG AF AF\u,FN[X
I-.lg0IF sEFZTf 5 5FlS:TFG
A-VD[lZSF
I-.g0MG[lXIF
U|LGLR Z[BF 5Z VFJ[,F N[XM
B-A|Flh,
cc;}+v GET MEBSF"
5FlS:TFG
G-UFGF E-.\u,[g0
E-V,LhLZLIF B-A]"lS"GOF;M
U\UFG[ p5ZGL AFH]YL s0FAL AFH]f D/TL T-8MUM S-:5[G sI]ZM5f
GNLVM M-DF,L F-O|F\; sI]ZM5f
cc;}+vZFD UMWZF UI[ SIMcc
ZFDU\UF SMXL
UMDTL
3F3ZF EFZT S. RLHJ:T]DF\ 5|YD :YFG[ K[P
ZFJL cc;}+vGDScc
U\0S GvGFZLI[/ q ,LA]
DvDUO/L
SvSFH]4S[/F
U\UFG[ GLR[GL AFH] D/TL GNL sHD6L AFH]f
cc;}+v;MG 5}G IDGM+Lcc
;MG
5]G5}G
IDGM+L

5
V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 NITISH SIR
ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP 9426882075
 cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc

lJ7FG

lJ7FGGL VlNX ZFXLGF GFD IFN ZFBJFGL ZLTP lJ8FDLGGF ZF;FIl6S GFD
sjIFbIFP H[ ZFXLG[ VM/BJF OST D}<I GL H H~Z ccZY V[S 8MOLcc
50[ T[G[ VlNX ZFXL SC[ K[f A-Z[8LGF, D-S[<;L O[ZM,
cc;}+vp;SF N, MSC ;[ VFTF C[cc B-YFIDLG E-8MSMO[ZM,
pvpHF" S- SPEED C- V[:SMlAS K-OL,LSJLGM,
;v;DI C-CURRENT
SFvSFI" ;[vPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
lJ8FDLGGF ZF;FIl6S GFD
NvNAF6 VFvVF.TFG ccZ[ YFZFGL 5g8M IF AFIM OMl,S ;F V[S 8=MOLScc
,v,\AF. TFvTF5DFG
A-Z[8LGF, B 12-
M-MASS C{vPPPPPPPPPPPPPP B 1-YFIlDG ;FIGMSFAF,FDLG
B 2-ZFIAMO,[lJG C-V[:SMlAS
B 3-lGSM8LG[DF.0 0[ D-S[<;L O[ZM,
lJ7FGGL ;lNX ZFlXGF GFD IFN ZFBJFGL ZLTP lGIF;LG E-8MSMO[ZM,
sjIFbIF ov H[ ZFlXG[ VM/BJF D}<I T[DH B 5- 5[g8MY[lGS V[l;0 K-SL,LSJLGM,
lNXFFGL H~Z 50[ T[G[ ;lNX ZFlX SC[ K[Pf B 6-5F.ZL0MS;LG
cc;}+ oV;\ EFlJ J[ AtJcc B 7-AFIM8LG
VvVFJ[U J[vJ[U B 9-OMl,S V[l;0
;\v;\J[U AvA/
EFvEFZ tJvtJZ6 pTZTF S|DDF\ ;}I"GL GHLSYL N]ZGF U|CM
lJvlJ:YF5G U|CM cc;}+vA];] D\U] UN"
U]~ A]W
XlG X]S|
lJ8FDLG A B C GL BFDLYL YTF ZMUM I]Z[G; 5'yJL
cc;}+v Z A[ ;cc G[%R]G D\U/
A-ZTF\W/F56]\ 5'yJL U]~
B-A[ZLA[ZL C-:SJL" X]S| XlG
D\U/ I]Z[G;
5ZDF6]GF +6[I V[SDM GF XMWSTF"GF GFD IFN A]W G[%R]G
ZFBJFGL ZLT
"PEN = RTC" GZL VF\B[ HF[. G XSFI T[JF U|CM
P s5|M8MGf = R v s~YZOM0"f
E s.S,[8=MGf = T sYMD;Gf ccG[%R]Gq I]Z[G;cc
N sgI]8=MGf = C sR[0lJSf GM\Wo H[ U|CMGF GFD JFZ 5ZYL VFJ[ K[ T[G[ GZL
VF\B[ HF[. XSFI K[P
6
V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 NITISH SIR
ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP 9426882075
 cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc

.lTCF; VG[ ;\:S'lT

VSAZGF GJ ZtG AFAZ[ HLT[,F I]wWM S|DX o IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT
"BAT BAT MDH" "Pan Khao Chilla Ke Gawo"
B ALZA, P-5FGL5T (1526) C-RF\N[ZL (1528)
A VA], Oh, K- BFGJF (1527) G-:SLZ8 (1529)
T TFG;[G
B EUJFGNF;
VA], ZCLD BFG D]3, ;FD|FHIIGF XF;SM S|DX o IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT
A
T 8M0ZD, "BHAJ SO"
M DFGl;\3 B-AFAZ J-HCF\ULZ
D D],F NM %IFHF H-C]DFI] S-XFCHCF
H CSLD C]SD A-VSAZ O-VF{Z\Uh[A

;Z lJl,DI HF[g; wJFZF V\U|[HLDF\ VG]JFlNT H{G WD"GF VG]IFILVM

5]:TSM "KAACU"
cc;}+vDG] lCcc K-Sl,\U GZ[X C-R\N=U]%TDMI"
DG]vDG]:D'lT lCvlCTM5N[X BFZJ[, U-pNlIG
A-VHFT X+]
AF6E8'GL 5|D]B ZRGFVM A-VDM3JQF"
cc;}+vR C Scc
RvR\0LXTSD SvSFNdAZL ;MDGFY l+J[6L ;\UD
CvCQF"ZlRT ccS lC ;cc
SvSl5,F ;v;Z:JTL
VaN], S,FD VFhFNGL 5|D]B ZRGFVM lCvlCZ6
cc;}+ v V, lJg; U]AFZ[cc
V,vV, lC,F, U]AFZ[vU]AFZ[ BFTLZ
lJg;vlJg; lO|0D EFZTGF 5lJ+ ;%TQFL" klQFVM
ccEFUM SlJ HJV+Lcc
EFvEFZwJFH HvHDGFNuGL
EFZTDF\ I]ZM5LI S\5GLGF VFUDG S|DX o UMvUF{TD s5ZX]ZFDGF l5TFf
cc5]+ V0 0{0 O;Fcc SvSxI5 sDFTF v JvJlXQ8
5]+v5M8'"U, (1616) 0{0v0{lG; (1616) lJlN45]+ lCZ^I V+LvV+L
VvV\U|[H (1600) OvO|F\;L;L (1664) SxI5]f
0v 0R (1602) ;Fvl:Jl0X (1731) lJvlJ`JFlD+

7
V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 NITISH SIR
ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP 9426882075
 cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc
EFZTGF AFZ HIMlT"l,\U EFZTGF 5|YD UJ"GZ HGZ, VG[
ccVMD ;MD GFEL lJZF J{+S[ W]\cc JF.;ZMI
GFD ZFHI lH<,M cc;}+vZMA8 C[ lJl,Ig; SL DM;Lcc
VMDSF,[`JZ DwI5|N[X lXJ5]ZL ZMA8vZMA8 S,F.J sA\UF/FGM 5|YD UJ"GZ
DCFSF,[`JZ DwI5|N[X pHH{G C[vC[l:8\U sA\UF/FGF 5|YD UJ"GZ HGZ,
;MDGFY U]HZFT lUZ;MDGFY lJl,IDvlJl,ID A[l8\S sEFZTGF 5C[,F UJ"GZ
Dl<,SFH']"G VF\W5|N[X ;ZL;[5,D HGZ,f
GFU[`JZ U]HZFT N[JE}lD äFZSF SLvS[lG\U sEFZTGF 5C[,F JF.;ZMIf
ELDX\SZ DCFZFQ8= 5}6[ DM\vDFpg8A[8G s:JT\+ EFZTGF 5C[,F UJ"GZ
lJ`JGFY p¿Z5|N[X JFZF6;L HGZ,f
ZFD[`JZ TlD,GF0] ZFDGFY5]ZD ;Lv;LPZFHUM5F,F RFZL s:JT\+ EFZTGF 5|YD
J{HGFY DCFZFQ8= lA0 s5,L"f EFZTLI UJ"GZ HGZ,f
+I\AS[`JZ DCFZFQ8= GFl;S
S[NFZGFY p¿ZFB\0 k]ä5|IFU
UF\WLHL ;FY[ ;\S/FI[,F ;FlCtI
W]`D[`JZ DCFZFQ8= VF{Z\UFAFN
cc;}+vHari is my Young May Hindu"
Hari Harijan
XFD/GL D]bI RFZ JFTF"
My-My experiment with truth
32-G\N vG\NA+L;L s;tIGF 5|IMUf
32-l;\Cvl;\CF;GA+L;L Young-Young India
72-;]v;]0FACMT[ZL Nav
25-JvJ[TF,5rRDL

EFZTDF\ I]ZMl5IG VFJJFGM S|D XFCHCF\ V[ X] X] AGFjI]\

P D E F S cc;}+vZ[ XFD DM H]TF N[ N[cc
5M8]UL"h 0R V\U|[H O|Fg; :5[GLX Z[vZ[XDF AFU
XFvXFCLAFU
DvDI]Z l;\CF;G
H]vH]DF Dl:HN
EFZTGL IF+FV[ VFJGFZ RLGGF IF+LVM S|DX o N[vlNJFG[ VFD
ccOF ;L C] .cc N[vlNJFG[ BF;
OFCLIFG C]vCI]I[G;F\U
(399) (630)
;Lv;\I]UG (518) .v.lt;\U s;FTDL ;NLGF
V\TDF\f

8
V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 NITISH SIR
ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP 9426882075
 cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc

V,U V,U ZFHIMGF D]bI G'tI IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT

;}+ ZFHI D]bI G'tI
SZ[,[ SL SYF S[Z, SYS,L
5\H[ D[ EF\U 0F,M 5\HFA EF\U0F
ZFHF T]D 3]DM ZFH:YFG 3]DZ
V;D SL AC] V;D ALC]
VZ]6 SF D]BM8F VZ]6FR, 5|N[X D]BM8F
U]HZ UIL UZLAL U]HZFT UZAF
hF0] D[ Kp hFZB\0 Kp
I]PS[PD[ U-F pTZFB\0 U-JF,L
V\W[Z DX[ SrRL 5]ZL BF. VF\W 5|N[X S]lR5]0L
KTZL D[ UF0L KTL;U- UF0L
lCdDT SL WDF, lCDFR, 5|N[X WDF,
UMJF SL D\0L UMJF D\0L
A\U,[ SL SF9L 5PA\UF/ SF9L
D[3 ,FJ6L D[3F,I ,FJ6L
GFU SL RM\U GFUF,[g0 RM\U
p0L p0L VM 0L; VMl0;F VMl0;L
S6" D[ SZM I1F 7FG S6F"8S I1F7FG
T[D DL,[ EZT TDL,GF0] EZTGF8ID
pTZ SL ZF;,L,F pTZ 5|N[X ZF;,L,F

9
V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 NITISH SIR
ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP 9426882075
 cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc
ZFHIjIJ:YF VG[ 5NFlWSFZL

EFZTGF J0F5|WFGM GF SFI"SF/ 5|DF6[ GFD IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT

ccH U] , U] . DM R . ZF JL R\ G JF N[U] V8, V8, DG DMCG DMNLcc

HvHJFCZ,F, GC[~ R\vR\N=X[BZ

U]vU],hFZL,F, G\NF Gv5LPJLPGZl;\CZFJ
,v,F, ACFN]Z XF:+L JFvV8, lACFZL JFH5[.
U]vU],hFZL,F, G\NF N[vN[J UF{0F
.v.lgNZF UF\WL U]vVF.P S[PU]HZF,
DMvDMZFZHLEF. N[;F. V8,v V8, lACFZL JFH5[.
RvRZ6l;\C RF{WZL V8,v V8, lACFZL JFH5[.
.v.lgNZF UF\WL DGvDGDMCG l;\C
ZFvZFHLJ UF\WL DMNLvGZ[gN= DMNL
JLPvlJ`JGFY 5|TF5l;\C

U]HZFTGF D]bID\+LGF SFI"SF/ 5|DF6[ GFD IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT

sHAC[q 3FRLqALqDFqALqDF VM DFRL KAS[ ;]\NZqX\SZ lN,SM GDM GDM GDM GDM VFG\NL ~5F/Lf
cc;}+DF\qGL lGXFGL K[ tIF\ ZFQ8=5lT XF;G CT] T[D ;DHJ]\cc
HL vHLJZFH DC[TF VMv VDZl;\C RF{WZL
Av A/J\TZFI DC[TF DFv DFWJl;\C ;M,\SL
C[v lCTgN=EF. N[;F. RLv RLDGEF/ 58[,
q v ZFQ8=5lT XF;G sZFHI5F, vzLDgGFZFI6f KAv KlA,NF; DC[TF
3Fv 3GxIFDEF. VMhF S[ vS[X]EF. 58[,
RL vRLDGEF. 58[, ;\]NZ v;]Z[XEF. DC[TF
q v ZFQ8=5lT XF;G sZFHI5F, vS[PS[PlJ`JGFYGf q v ZFQ8=5lT XF;G sZFHI5F, v S'Q65F,l;\Cf
AL vAFA]EF. H;]EF. 58[, X\SZ v X\SZl;\C JF3[,F
q v ZFQ8=5lT XF;G sZFHI5F, v S[PS[PlJ`JGFYGf lN, v lN,L5 5ZLB
DF vDFWJl;\C ;M,\SL SMv S[X]EF. 58[,
AL vAFA]EF. H;]EF. 58[, GDM v GZ[gN= DMNL
q v ZFQ8=5lT XF;G sZFHI5F, v XFZNF D]BZHL f GDM v GZ[gN= DMNL
DF v DFWJl;\C ;M,\SL VFG\NLA[G 58[,
~5F/L v lJHI ~5F6L

10
V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 NITISH SIR
ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP 9426882075
 cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc
EFZTGF p5ZFQ8=5lT
EFZTGF ZFQ8=5lT
ccZFWFZFWFG]\ C]:G sHF[.G[f ULZLUM5F,[ A;DF\ HTF
ccZFHF ZFHF ZFH[gN=[ ZFWFG[ hFSLZGF lJX[QF lCTDF\ DCMdDNG[ ;\S8;DI[ X\SZGFZFI6 S'Q6GF E[Z] VG[
lJX[QF OS|YL AL0L sVF5L VG[f ;\HLJG[ h[,GF Vg;FZLG[ sSCI]\fcc
;\S8DF\ X\SZ GFZFI6GL SDF,GL 5|lTEF sDF8[f ZFWF 0MP;J"5<,L ZFWFS'Q6G
5|6J wJFZF ZFDFG\NLG] slAZ]N VF%I]fcc
ZFWF 0MP;J"5<,L ZFWFS'Q6G
ZFH 0MPZFH[gN= 5|;FN
ZFHF 0MPZFH[gN= 5|;FN C]:G 0MPhFSLZ C];{G
ZFH[gN= 0MPZFH[gN= 5|;FN ULZL 0MPJLPJLPULZL
ZFWF 0M[ ;J"5<,L ZFWFS'Q6G UM5F, 0MPUM5F, :J~5 5F9S
hFSLZ 0MPhFSLZ C];{G A;DF\ A;%5F NgG5F HTL
lJX[QF 0MP JLPJL ULP sSFf DMCdDN DMCdDN lCNFIT]<,FC
lCT V[DPlCIT]<,FC sSFf ;\S8 ZFDF:JFDL jI\S8ZFDG
lJX[QF 0MP JLPJL ULP X\SZ X\SZ NIF/ XDF"
OS| OB~NLG V,LV[CDN GFZFI6 SMR[ZL, ZFDG GFZFI6G
AL0L ALP0L HTL sSFf S'Q6GF S'Q6SF\T
;\HLJ V[GP;\HLJ Z[0L E[Z] E{ZMl;\C X[BFJT
h[,GF 7FGL h{,l;\C VG DMCdDN CDLN Vg;FZL
;\S8 VFZPjI\S8ZFDG Vg;FZL DMCdDN CDLN Vg;FZL
X\SZ X\SZNIF/ XDF" GFI0] J{S[IF GFI0]
GFZFI6 S[P VFZ[ GFZFI6G
SDF, 0MPV[P5LP H[[PVaN]M S,FD
5|lTEF 5|lTEF 5Fl8,
lJWFG 5lZQFN JF/F ZFHIM
5|6J 5|6J D]BZHL
"M B KAJU T"
ZFDG\NL ZFDGFY SMlJ\N
M-DCFZFQ8= J- HdD]SFxDLZ
B- lACFZ U-pTZ5|N[X
EFZTGF V[ ZFHIM HIF\ AgG[ U'CM VFJ[,F K[ K-S6F"8S T-T[,\U6F
"M B KAJU T" A-VF\W5|N[X
M-DCFZFQ8= J- HdD]SFxDLZ
B- lACFZ U-pTZ5|N[X
K-S6F"8S T-T[,\U6F lJWFG 5lZQFN JF/F ZFHIM IFN ZFBJFGL
ZLT
A-VF\W5|N[X
cc;}+ v I]H VFD lAST[ C{cc
I]vI]P5L HvHdD] SFxDLZ
VFvVF\W5|N[X DvDCFZFQ8=
lAvlACFZ SvS6F"8S
T[vT[,\U6F

11
V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 NITISH SIR
ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP 9426882075
 cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc

U]HZFTGF ZFHI5F, V[ jIlSTVM H[ ZFQ8=5lT ;FY[ p5ZFQ8=5lT

ccDC[\NL lGtI s,UFJGFZLf EUJTLG[ DGDF\ 56 ZCL R]SIF K[ m
EUJTL lJ`JXFZNF RF\0L s5|;gG Y.tIFZ[f
cc;}+ v ZFWF4GFZFI64ZFDG VF{Z C];{G 5Z
J|HJFRL ZFDS'Q6 XF:+L :J~5[ sI]wWDF\f GZ[X
S'Q65F, V\X]DFGG[ AF/56DF\ ;]\NZ S{,FX5lTGF XDF"T[ C]V[ ULZLcc
sEF.f A,ZFD GJ,lSXMZG[ HDLG 5Z sCZFjIF4 T[ ZFWF v ZFWFS'Q6G 5Z v PPPPPPPPPP
H ;DI[ S,DFvDFUL" s;NLf SMC,LV[ GFZFI6 v S[P VFZP XDF" v X\SZ NIF,
sO8SFZLfcc GFZFI6 XDF"
DC[\NL DC[\NL GJFhH\U ZFDG v VFZP T[ C]V[ vPPPPPPPPPP
lGtI lGtIFG\N SFG}GUM J[\S8ZFDG ULZL v JLPJLP ULZL
EUJTL 5LPV[GPEUJTL sSFf VF{Z v PPPPPPPP
DG 0MPzL DgGFZFI6
C];{G v hFSLZ C];{G
EUJTL 5LPV[GPEUJTL sSFf
lJ`J S[PS[PlJ`JGFYG
XFZNF XFZNF D]BZHLs5|YD DCL,Ff
RF\0L S[P V[DPRF\0L
ZFHI;EFGF V[ ;eIM H[ 5|WFGD\+L AgIF CTFP
J|HJF;L A|HS]DFZ S[PGC[~
cc.R UF0"cc
ZFDS'Q6 ZFDlS|QGF S[Pl+J[NL
XF:+L DlC5F,l;\C XF:+L
:J~5[ ;~5l;\C .v.lgNZF UF\WL UFv .gN= S]DFZ
GZ[X GZ[XR\N= ;S;[GF R v V[RP0L[PN{JUM0F U]HZF,
S'Q65F, S'Q65F, l;\3 0" v 0MPDGDMCG l;\C
V\X]DFG V\X]DFG l;\3
AF/56DF\ S[PHL[PAF,S'Q6G sSFf EFZTGF ZFHIMGL :YF5GF S|DX o
;]\NZ ;]\NZl;\C E\0FZL cc;}+ v VFD U]GFC CL D[3 D\+ ;L GARMI"
A,ZFD A,ZFD HFB0 sSFf VFv VF\W5|N[X D\v D6L5]Z
GJ,lSXMZ GJ,lSXMZ XDF" (1953) (1972)
HDLG V[;P;LPHDLZ sSFf Dv DCFZFQ8= +vl+5]ZF
S,DF 0MPSD,F A[GLJF, (1960) (1972)
U]v U]HZFT ;Lvl;lSSD
DFUL" DFUF"Z[8 VF<JF sSFf
(1960) (1975)
SMC,L VMD5|SFX SMC,L
GFv GFUF,[g0 G- UMJF (1987)
(1963) AR-
CvClZIF6F VZ]6FR,5|N[X
,MS;EFGF ;L8JF/F ZFHIMP (1966) (1987)
cc;}+ v l+l5 D[D V~6 S[ ;FY UMJF U.cc CLv lCDFR,5|N[X MI- lDhMZD
l+l5v l+5]ZF V~6v V~6FR,5N[X (1971) (1987)
D[v D[3F,I UMJFv UMJF D[3vD[3F,I
Dv Dl65Z (1972)
12
V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 NITISH SIR
ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP 9426882075
 cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc

A]S"Z 5|F.h D[/JGFZ EFZTLI ,[BSM EFZTGL lJ`J ;\]NZLVM

cc;}+v AM; AKA" "RADUP"
AMv ALPV[;PGF.5M, R-ZL8F OFlZIF U-I]STF D]BL
;v ;,DFG Z;NL (1966) P-l5|I\SF RM5ZF
A-V~W\TL ZMI A-V[`JIF" ZFI (2000)
K-lSZ6 N[;F. D-0FIGF C{0G
A-VZlJ\N S[hZLJF,

GMA[, 5]Z:SFZ lJH[TF EFZTLI

ccZMSL TFZF B}8[ D[8= ;[G ;]ZH VFJ[ S[cc ;\I]ST ZFQ8=;\3GF :YFIL ;N:I N[X
ZMGF<0 ZM;s;FlCtI XF:+ !)_Z) cc;}+vF R A C Ecc
~0IF0" lS5l,U s;FlCtI !)_*f F-OF\; C-RLG
ZJLgN=GFY 8FUMZ s;FlCtI !)!#f R-ZlXIF E-.u,[g0
;LPJLPZFDGsEF{lTSXF:+v!)#_f A-VD[lZSF
CZUMlJ\N B]ZFGFsTALAL XF:+v !)&(f
DWZ 8[Z[;FsXF\lTv!)*)f
V[; R\N=X[BZsEF{lTS XF:+v !)(#f
VDtI" ;[G sVYXF:+v!))(f OPEC sVM5[Sf GF ;\:YF5S N[X
lJWFWZ ;}ZH 5|F;N GFI5M,s;FlCtIv cc;}+v V I S K I"
Z__!f V-J[G[h]V[,F K-S]J{T
VFZP S[P 5RF{ZL sXF\lTvZ__*f I-.ZFG I-.ZFS
J[\S8ZDG ZFDlSQ6G S-;FpNL VZA
sZ;FI6XF:+vZ__)f
S{,FX ;tIFYL"sXF\lTvZ_!$f

SIF SIF N[XG]\ R,6L GF6]\ 0M,Z K[ T[ IFN

G-8 ;lD8GF ;N:I N[X
ZFBJFGL ZLT
cc;}+v HLHF S. AFZ O|F\; VFI[cc
cc;LTFHL JG ;[ SCF VFV[cc
HLvHD"GL AFvlA|8G
;Lvl;\UF5]Z ;[v;[\8 ,}>X
HFv HF5FG ZvZ];
TFvTF.JFG SvS[G[0F
SvS[G[0F O|F\;vO|F\;
HLvlHdAFA[ CFvCM\USM\U
,.v.8F,L VFI[vVM:8=[l,IF
JvJZD]0F VFvVM:8=[l,IF
GvgI}hL,[g0 V[PVD[lZSF

13
V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 NITISH SIR
ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP 9426882075
 cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc
CMSL ;FY[ ;\S/FI[, 8=MOL VG[ S5 GL DFlCTL lS|S[8 ;FY[ ;\S/FI[, 8=MOL VG[ S5 GL
IFN ZFBJFGL ZLTP DFlCTL IFN ZFBJFGL ZLTP
"R D BARMAN" cclNJFZ S[ CLZM VF.V[GFcc
R-Z\UF:JFDL S5 R-Z6HLTl;\C 8=MOL lNv N[JWZ 8=MOL q VFv
D-wIFGR\N 8=MOL M-D~U%5F S5 lN,L5 8=MOL VF.P;LP;L
B-A[UD Z;], A-VH,F\ XFC S5 JFZv J<0" S54 R{ld5IG 8=MOL
A{CD S5 N-G[C~ 8=MOL lJ<; S5 .v.ZFGL 8=MOL
A-VF\UF BF\ S5 S[v S}RlACFZ S5 V[vV[X[H S5
CLv lCZM S5 GFvGFI0] 8=MOL
GM\W v G[C~ S5 sAF:S[8 AM,f VG[ G[C~ ZMv ZMlC\8G 8=MOL
UM<0 S5 sO}8AM,f ZDT ;FY[ ;\S/FI[, K[P

SIF SIF N[XG]\ R,6L GF6]\ ~l5IM K[ T[ IFN U]HZFTL K\N

ZFBJFGL ZLT cc;}+v sD4l;4CFfcc
ccEFZT ;[ DFDF zLG[ 5F.cc pPNFPDF\ V1FZ
EFZTv EFZT zLvzL,\SF DvD\NFS|F\TFv ! Z # v v v
;[vX[X[<; G[vG[5F/ !* l;v lXBZ6Lv $ 5 & v v v U]~ CMIP
DFvDF,NLJ 5Fv5FlS:TFG V1FZ Cv ClZ6L v* ( ) v v v
DFvDMZLX; .v.lg0MG[lXIF

14
V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 NITISH SIR
ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP 9426882075
 cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc

!Z DlCGFGF lNJ;M

HFgI]VFZL DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN DFR" DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT
ZFBJFGL ZLT cc! lNJ;GL ZFQ8=LI ;]Z1FF DF8[ ( DlC,FVMV[
cc!_ lJ`JG[ CF:I SZJF DF8[ !Z JFuI[ I]JF VG[ Z_ RS,LV[ Z!JGDF\ ZZ H/ 5L G[ !Z
lJJ[SFG\NG[ !5 DF\ ;[GF lNJ; ) lNJ; EFZT lS0GL Z# XlCNMG[ NFGDF\ VF5Lcc
5|JF; SIM"cc !v ZFQ8=LI ;]Z1FF Z!v lJ`J JG
lNG lNJ;
!_ v lJ`J CF:I !5 v ;[GF lNJ; (v VF\\TZZFQ8=LI ZZv lJ`J H/
lNJ; )v 5|JF;L EFZTLI lNJ; DlC,F lNG lNJ;
!Zv ZFQ8=LI I]JF !Zv lJ`JGL lS0GL Z#v XlCN lNJ;
lNJ; s:JFDL lNG
lJJ[SFG\N HgD H\IlTf Z_v lJ`J RS,L lNG

O[A|]VFZL DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN

ZFBJFGL ZLT
V[l5|, DF;DF\ DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL
ccZ( DF\ ZFQ8=LI lJ7FG lNG[ Z! VF\TZZFQ8=LI ZLT
DFT'EFQFFDF\ !Z DL JFZ :JFDL NIFG\N ;Z:JTLV[ ccZ# DF\ 5]:TSDF\ ZZ DL 5'yJL 5Z * DF\ lJ`J
!# lNJ; Z[l0IM ;F\E/L $ S[g;Z JF/F ,MSMGF !_ :JF:yI lNJ;[ !# DL JFZ H,LIFJF,F AFUDF\
DL JFZ lJ`JDF\ lJJFC SZFjIFcc !( DM J<0" C[ZL8[H 0[ pHJFIMcc
$v lJ`J S[g;Z !#v lJ`J Z[l0IM lNJ; *v lNJ; :JF:yI ZZv 5'yJL lNJ;
lNJ; Z!v VF\TZZFQ8=LI DFT'EFQFF lNJ; Z#v lJ`J 5]:TS lNJ;
!_v lJ`J lJJFC lNG !#v Hl,IFJF,F
lNG Z(v ZFQ8=LI lJ7FG lNG AFU lNG
!Zv :JFDL NIFG\N !(v J<0" C[ZL8[H lNG
;Z:JTL H\IlT

15
V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 NITISH SIR
ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP 9426882075
 cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc

D[ DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT H},F. DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL
cc! ,F U]HZFT :YF5GF lNJ; VG[ ZlJgN=GFY ZLT
8FUMZGF\ * DF\ HgDNLG[4 ( DL JFZ lJ`J Z[0S|M; ccZ& DF\ SFZUL, lJHI lNJ;[4!( DL JFZ
;\:YFV[4 !! DM ZFQ8=LI 8[SGM,MHL lNU; VG[ #!
G[<;G D\0[,FV[ ! lRlSt;F SZLcc
DF\ lJ`J T\AFS] lGQF[W lNJ;GL4 Z) DL JFZ
V[JZ[:8 5Z R0L4Z! VF\TSJFN lJZMWLVMV[ !v lRlSt;F lNG Z&v SFZUL, lJHI
pHJ6L SZLPcc !(v VF\TZZFQ8=LI lNG
!v U]]HZFT :YF5GF Z!v VFT\SJFN lJZMWL G[<;G D\0[,F lNG
lNJ; lNJ;
*v ZlJgN=GFY Z)v V[JZ[:8 lNJ;
8FUMZ AY" 0[ #!vlJ`J T\AFS] lJZMWL
(v lJ`J Z[0S|M; 0[ lNJ; VMUQ8 DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL
!!v ZFQ8=LI ZLT
8[SGM,MHL lNJ; cc& 9F lCZMXLDF VG[ ) DF\ GFUF;FSL lNG[4 Z)
DM ZFQ8=LI B[, B[,L4Z_ DL JFZ ;NEFJGF
NFBJLcc
& v lCZMXLDF\ lNJ; Z_v ;NEFJGF lNG
H}G DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT )v GFUF;FSL Z)vZFQ8=LI B[, lNG
cc5 DF\ 5IFJZ6 lNG4Z! JBT IMU SZJF4!( lNJ;
UMJFYL4!5 lJS,F\U4!Z AF/ DH]Z VFjIF TM
56 T[G[ ZL5M8"DF\ 0FIFAL8L; Z* VFjI]\cc
5v lJ`J 5IF"JZ6 !(v UMJF D]STL lNG ;%8[dAZ DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN
lNG Z!v VF\TZZFQ8=LI ZFBJFGL ZLT
!ZvAF/ DH]ZL IMU lNJ; s,F\AFDF\ ,F\AM ccZ* DF\ 5I"8G lNJ;[4ZZ lDlG8 XF\lT HF/JL
GFA]NL lNG lNJ;f VG[ !& AM8, VMhMGJFI] KM0IM VG[ 5 ;\:S'TDF\
!5vlJ`J lJS,F\U Z*v J<0" 0FIFAL8L; 0[ VG[ !$ lCgNLDF\ 5|FY"GF AM<IFcc
lNG 5v ;\:S'T lNG ZZv XF\lT VG[
!$v lCgNL lNG V\lC;F lNG sU],FA lNGf
!&v lJ`J VMhMG Z*v lJ`J 5I"8G lNG
lNJ;

16
V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 NITISH SIR
ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP 9426882075
 cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc

VMS8MdAZ DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL l0;[daZ DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT
ZLT cc# lJS,F\UMV[ !_ DL JFZ DFGJ VlWSFZ DF8[ *
cc#! DF\ ZFQ8=LI V[STF lNG[4Z JFZ UF\WLHL VG[ wJH ,. $ JFZ GF{ ;{GFDF\ UIF 56 Z# lS;FGM
$ JFZ xIFDHL S'Q6JDF" Z* lXX}G[ ,.G[ ( DL !$ JM8 pHF" D[/JJF UIF T[DFYL ! V[.0;GM
JFZ JFI] ;[GFGL D],FSFT ,LWLcc NNL" CTMcc
Zv UF\WL H\IlT4 Z*v lXX} lNG !v lJ`J V[.0; !_v DFGJ VlWSFZ lNG
,F, ACFN]Z XF:+L #!v ZFQ8=LI V[STF lNG !$v ZFQ8=LI pHF ;\Z1F6
H\IlT4lJ`J 5X] lNJ;s;ZNFZ 58[, #v VF\TZZFQ8=LI lNG
lNG4lJ`J XFSFCFZ HgD H\IlTf lJS,F\U lNG Z#v lS;FG lNG
lNG $v GF{ ;{GF lNG
$v xIFDHL S'Q6JDF" *v wJH lNG
HgD H\IlT
(v JFI] ;[GF lNG

GJ[dAZ DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT ccH]NF H]NF 5|JFCLDF\ PH 5|DF6cc
cc!$ DL HGF",L:8[ !$ AF/SMG[ Z! 5F6Lv * NF~vZP(
8[,LJLhGDF\ !Z G\AZGL R[G, 5Z lX1FF VF5Lcc N]Wv&P$ DFGJD]+v$P(v(P$
!Zv ZFQ8=LI lX1FF Z!v lJ`J 8[,LJLhG 0[ DFGJZSTv*P$ NlZIF. 5F6Lv(P5
lNG ,L\A]v ZP$ V\F;]v *P$
!$vAF/ lNG4 Nacl- *
G[XG, HGF",LhD 0[ GM\Wo PH GL XMW ;FZ[g; GFDGF J{7FlGS[ SZL

17
V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 NITISH SIR
ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP 9426882075