TE2AutomotiveWorkSheets PDF

Automotive Industries Unit 1
1 Read the article. Which driver made the bigger mistake?
The cost of misfuelling

Every year, thousands of drivers put the wrong fuel in their car. In the UK, the number is over 150,000 drivers in a
year! Peter Coburg put petrol into his friend’s diesel car. It cost me over 1,000 to put things right!’
If you’ve put the wrong fuel in your car, don’t start the engine. If the wrong fuel circulates around the fuel system,
it will cause damage. Some cars have an electric pump. This starts to work immediately when you switch on the
ignition. So, don’t switch on the ignition.
What damage could you cause? Diesel acts as a lubricant for moving parts. Petrol in diesel acts as a solvent, i.e. it
reduces lubrication. Then metal parts rub against metal parts and cause damage. The further the petrol goes, the
more parts are damaged: the pumps, the injectors, the fuel rail and the filters. You might have to fit a new engine.
So what should you do if you’ve put the wrong fuel in your car? You can call a specialist service. The mechanic will
first drain the wrong fuel and take it away. Next, he/she will (= wash out) the parts that have been in contact with
the wrong fuel. Finally, he/she will refill the tank with the correct fuel.
One driver told us about his worst mistake: I was delivering diesel in a tanker to a garage. I was in a hurry, and I put
the wrong fuel in the tank. I pumped 36,000 litres of petrol into a diesel tank. I lost my job the next day.’
2 Read the article in 1 again. Mark these statements T (true) or F (false).

1 Every year, more than 150,000 drivers fill up with the wrong kind of fuel in the UK.
2 It’s best to drive away quickly after misfuelling.
3 You can damage the engine just by switching on the ignition.
4 Diesel helps metal parts to rub together easily.
5 Misfuelling could be a very expensive mistake.
6 After a misfuelling, a specialist mechanic fills up the car with fuel and then drains it.
3 Complete the advice to motorists with the verbs from the box. Some verbs can be used more than
once.
drain / put in / refill / run / start / top up
Putting petrol in a diesel tank

If your car has a common rail or unit injectors: If you have added any petrol, even a very small
amount, don’t (1) start the engine. (2) the fuel tank.
If your car doesn’t have a common rail or unit injectors: If you have put in more than 10% of the
wrong fuel (e.g. >5 litres in a 50 litre tank), (3) the tank. Then (4) the tank with diesel.
If you have (5) less than 10% of the wrong fuel (e.g. <5 litres in a 50 litre tank), (6) the
tank with diesel and run normally.
Putting diesel in a petrol tank

If your car has a catalytic converter: If you have put in more than 4% of the wrong fuel (e.g. >2 litres in
a 50 litre tank), don’t (7) the car. (8) the tank. Then (9) the tank with petrol.
If you have (10) less than 4% of the wrong fuel (e.g. <2 litres in a 50 litre tank), (11) the
tank with petrol and (12) normally.
If your car doesn’t have a catalytic converter: If you have (13) more than 10% of the wrong
fuel (e.g. >5 litres in a 50 litre tank), don’t (14) the car. (15) the tank. Then (16)
the tank with petrol.
© Pearson Longman 2008 www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglish

4 Complete the dialogues between a supervisor and a mechanic.

1 A: Push down the accelerator. 3 A: Lift up the bonnet.
B: I’m pushing it down now . B: I’m .
A: Take off the handbrake. A: Take off the HT leads.
B: I’ve taken it off . B: I’ve .
2 A: Top up the radiator. 4 A: Switch on the ignition.
B: I’m . B: I’m .
A: Flush out the petrol pump. A: Turn on the headlights.
B: I’ve . B: I’ve .
5 Label the pictures with the words in the box.

box spanner / dipstick / gear lever / jack / screwdriver / tyre valve / wheel gun / wire brush
1 2 3 4
screwdriver
5 6 7 8
6 Study the language box. Then complete each sentence with a pair of verbs or a single verb.
You can inflate a tyre using a foot pump.
by using
by means of
adjust, check / attach, clean / brush, loosen, measure / look, put / use, raise, tighten / use J7276
PEARSON Technical English
1 You tighten the wheel nuts using a box spanner. Automotive Industries
aw_01_01
2 You the oil level by at the dipstick.

3 You the tyre pressure by the airline to the tyre valve.
4 You the carburettor by means of a screwdriver.
5 You the spark plugs by the electrodes with a wire brush.
6 You the end of the car by means of a jack.
7 You the wheel nuts by means of a wheel gun.
8 You the gear lever into first gear the gear lever.

Word List
7 Write the meanings of these words and phrases in your own language.
NOUNS NOUN PHRASES
accelerator box spanner
diesel catalytic converter
filter common rail
ignition foot pump
injector fuel rail
lubricant gear lever
misfuelling HT (high tension) lead
petrol oil level
solvent spark plug
VERBS tyre pressure
circulate tyre valve
drain unit injector
flush wheel gun
refill wheel nut
top up wire brush
ADJECTIVE
specialist
PHRASE
in contact with

1 Match the diagrams with the descriptions.

1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
a) In drilling, a hole is made in a material by a rotating e) In filing, a file is moved forwards and backwards
drill. The rotating drill is lowered onto the material across a material. The teeth of the file make the
under pressure. As chips of metal are cut away by the material smooth.
drill, these are removed from the hole.
f) In grinding, a rough wheel without teeth is rotated
b) In planing, the cutting tool is at 90o to the material. The and the material is pushed against it. In this way,
tool moves in a straight line. In some planing machines, the right amount of material is carefully removed.
the tool moves forwards and backwards. In other Grinding is a finishing treatment that is usually
J7276
machines, the material moves and the cutting tool stays carried out at the end. PEARSON Technical English
still. Automotive Industries
g) In chiselling, the chisel is driven into the face of the
aw_02_01
c) In milling, the material is shaped by a rotating cutter. material by repeated blows. Chiselling is used to cut
The teeth of the cutter cut away pieces from the pieces out of a material in straight lines. The blade of
material. Usually, the milling machine stays still, while the chisel can be flat, rounded or triangular.
the material is pushed against it.
h) In turning, the material is fixed in a machine called
d) In broaching, a hole is cut through a material. The hole is a lathe and rotated. A cutting tool is placed against
made by pushing or pulling the broach through the hole. the rotating material and cuts it. This is a way of
The teeth at one end of the broach are wider than at the reducing the diameter of a cylinder by cutting away
other end. First, the smaller teeth make the cut. Then the material from the outside.
larger teeth make the finished hole the right size.
2 Underline the correct verb.

1 A: Why is she broaching / turning / grinding the panel?
B: Because she needs to make a rough hole from one side to the other.
2 A: Why is he filing / chiselling / turning the cylinder?
B: Because the inside is too narrow.
3 A: Why is she drilling / filing / planing the material?
B: Because the outside is too rough.
4 A: Why is she chiselling / milling / grinding the material and not planing it?
B: Because she needs to cut out a small square section.
5 A: Why is he turning / drilling / grinding those holes through the material?
B: He’s going to put fixing bolts through the holes.

3 Write sentences about changes to the duty roster in a car parts factory.
8.00 – 12.00 12.30 – 16.00
BERNARD plane flat workpieces chisel screw-heads
mill brake disks file brake drums
PEDRO turn bolts turn drive shafts
plane gear wheels chisel nuts
MICHAEL grind exhaust pipes grind valves
turn crankshafts turn connecting rods
WAYNE file engine blocks drill engine blocks
turn pistons grind gear wheels
1 Bernard usually planes flat workpieces in the morning and chisels screw-heads in
the afternoon. But today he’s milling brake disks in the morning and filing brake
drums in the afternoon.
2 Pedro
.
3
.
4
.
4 Read the three job adverts and part of Kurt’s CV. Choose the best job for him. Circle A, B or C.
A B C
MAXIMA PARTS L&M COMPONENTS KC METALS
Vacant positions for operators at Immediate vacancy for Milling Manufacturer of industrial kitchens
expanding supplier to the automotive Machine Operator to work in growing requires experienced Metalworker
industry. Duties include all types of company supplying components to the for immediate start. Responsibilities
machining and some welding. Must oilfield industry. Duties include setting include reading technical drawings,
have qualification and experience up, operating and maintaining machine broaching, cutting, sawing, welding
in setting up and operating welding tools. Must have HNC in Mechanical and polishing. Must have ONC in
robots. ONC in Mechanical Engineering or similar. Should have Sheet Metalwork or equivalent. Must
Engineering (minimum) required. post-qualification experience of basic be skilled in basic welding.
drilling and milling.
From 2004 until 2006, I (1) worked at A&E Gearboxes as a full-time machinist. I (2) the
company in 2006 and (3) a full-time student. From 2006 to 2007, I (4) Mechanical
Engineering at Glasgow Polytechnic. In 2007 I (5) my HNC in Mechanical Engineering.
Then in August 2007 I (6) work as a Milling Machine Operator at Clyde Outboard Motors.
Unfortunately, six months later the company (7) out of business. That is the reason why I
(8) for employment and am able to start work immediately. I (9) my CV, which
(10) full details of my training, qualifications and work experience.
5 Complete Kurt’s CV in 4 with verbs from the box in the correct form.
award / become / enclose / give / go / leave / look / start / study / work

Word List
NOUNS gear wheel
blow post-qualification
experience
broaching
screw-head
chip
VERBS
chiselling
broach
crankshaft
chisel
drilling
drill
filing
file
grinding
go out of business
lathe
grind
milling
maintain
piston
mill
planing
set up
polishing
turn
sawing
ADJECTIVES
turning
equivalent
vacancy
expanding
welding
rotating
NOUN PHRASES
rough
connecting rod
smooth
drive shaft
vacant
engine block
exhaust pipe

1 Match the diagrams with the descriptions of maximum dimensions.

A
3 B C
1.2 m point of articulation rear overhang line

12.3 m maximum
9.5 m maximum
1.9m radius
point of
articulation
rear overhang line
D E F
load
4.6 m 5m
drawbar
150 mm 150 mm
length
2.5 m 4.9 m
25 m
1 The distance from the point of articulation at the front of a semitrailer to the furthest projection must
be inside a radius of 1.9 m.
2 The distance between the coupling pivot point on the drawbar of a dog trailer, and the centre of the
front single axle of the trailer, must not be over 5 m.
3 A load on a vehicle must not project more than 1.2 m in front of a vehicle.
4 The distance from the point of articulation at the front of the trailer to a) the rear overhang line must J7276
not be over 9.5 m, and to b) the rear of the trailer must not be over 12.3 m. PEARSON Technical English
Automotive Industries
5 On a trailer carrying cars on more than one deck, the distance between the rear overhang lineaw_03_01
and
the rear of the rearmost car on the trailer must not exceed 4.9 m. A vehicle that is built to carry cars on
two or more decks must not be over 4.6 m high when laden.
6 A vehicle must not be more than 2.5 m wide. A load on a vehicle must not project more than 150 mm
from the outermost part of either side of the vehicle.
2 Check the survey summary about owner satisfaction. Which of the three SuperMini cars has the
best owners’ comments?
Winton Seden Ransom

Performance Petrol – poor; Diesel – good Excellent Petrol – acceptable; Diesel – good
Fuel Acceptable Good Poor
economy
Ride comfort Good Good Poor
Build quality Good Excellent Poor
Front/Rear Acceptable Excellent Poor
space
Reliability Acceptable Excellent Acceptable
Noise Petrol – good; Diesel – poor Excellent Petrol – poor; Diesel – acceptable

3 Complete the dialogue about the cars in 2 using the words in brackets.
A: I’m thinking of buying a Ransom because it’s (1 cheap) the cheapest car of these three.
B: Don’t! It’s (2 bad) of the three cars! Its petrol engine is (3 noisy) of
the three. It has the (4 little) space in the front and the rear. And it’s much
(5 comfortable) to drive than the other two.
A: But I drove a Ransom a few days ago, one with a petrol engine. Its performance is (6 good)
than the Winton’s.
B: But it’s still not very fast and it’s (7 economical) than the Seden. Have a look at
the Seden. I think it’s (8 good) SuperMini on the market. It’s got the (9 much)
space in the front and rear seats. The build quality is (10 high) than
the other ones. And the owners in the survey say it’s (11 reliable) of the three.
A: I’ve never driven a Seden.
B: Then book a test drive! I think you’ll find the ride (12 comfortable) than in the
Ransom. And it’s not much (13 expensive) .
4 Read the article and underline the correct words.
Petrol engines versus diesel engines

Diesel engines have (1) longer/higher cylinder pressures than petrol engines. For this reason, the components of
diesel engines have to be (2) heavier/higher and stronger. The cylinder block is usually made of cast iron, which is
(3) greater/stronger than aluminium. It is strong enough to withstand the forces generated by the pistons, crankshaft
and other reciprocating components of the diesel engine. Diesel engine pistons are also (4) higher/longer than
petrol engine pistons because the top of the cylinder (where the fuel burns) needs to be bigger.
Compared with a petrol engine of the same capacity, a diesel engine has several advantages:
1 The fuel economy is (5) greater/longer. This results from a compression ratio that is (6) heavier/higher in diesel
engines than in petrol engines. This means that there is an improvement in fuel efficiency of approximately 30%.
2 There is a reduced risk of fire. Because diesel oil is (7) lower/heavier at room temperatures, it burns less easily. In
an accident, a spillage of diesel fuel is less likely to cause a fire than a spillage of petrol.
However, there are some disadvantages with diesel engines.
1 The cost of manufacture is (8) higher/stronger. This is partly because the fuel injection system is
(9) more expensive / higher. In addition, the engine block is (10) greater/heavier and more expensive too.
2 The maximum torque and power output are lower than for a petrol engine. Therefore, vehicles with petrol engines
usually have (11) longer/greater acceleration than vehicles with diesel engines of a similar size.
3 Diesel engines have a lower power:weight ratio. A heavier diesel engine produces (12) lower/less power, while a
lighter petrol engine produces (13) more/higher power.
4 The diesel engine is (14) noisier/more expensive, both inside and outside the vehicle.
5 Read the text in 4 again. Mark these sentences true (T) or false (F).
1 A petrol engine is lighter than a diesel engine of the same size.
2 A petrol engine runs further on a litre of fuel than a diesel engine of the same size.
3 Petrol burns more easily than diesel oil.
4 It is more expensive to manufacture a petrol engine than a diesel engine.
5 A petrol engine produces more power than a diesel engine of the same size.
6 Heavier engines produce more power than lighter engines.

Word List
NOUNS NOUN PHRASES
articulation build quality
drawbar cast iron
performance compression ratio
radius coupling pivot point
projection cylinder block
reliability dog trailer
semitrailer fuel economy
spillage fuel efficiency
torque fuel injection system
ADJECTIVES power output
comfortable power:weight ratio
economical rear overhang line
laden ride comfort
reliable room temperature
SUPERLATIVES VERBS
furthest generate
outermost project
rearmost

1 Read the article. Write the correct headings above each section.
Body assembly line / Panel pressing / Bus chassis / Trim line /

Paint shop / Final assembly line / Delivery area
Bus manufacture
1 Bus chassis
The bottom part of the bus is manufactured outside the factory. It includes the chassis, the wheels, the engine, and
the driveline and differential, which turn the rear wheels. It is delivered to the bus factory by a driver, who sits in the
open on a temporary seat bolted to the chassis.
2
differential
Steel coils are delivered to the factory. These are lengths of
sheet steel wound onto a hollow core. From the delivery area chassis
they are taken to the panel-pressing part of the factory. engine driveline
steel coils
3
The steel coils are unrolled in the panel-pressing shop. They are cut and pressed into body panels. (1) Then
some of the body panels are welded together.
4
The frame of the bus is welded together by robots on the body assembly line. Sheets are welded together to make
the sides. Ribs are welded to the base to support the roof. The front and rear ends of the bus are also assembled.
(2) , the complete roof is lowered onto the body and welded and riveted into place.
(3) , the body is known as a ‘body in white’.
5 P
(4) painting, it is important to ensure that the body is clean, dry and dust-free. So the body is sanded,
then washed, then cleaned. In the paint-shop, the body is spray-painted by robots. The roof is painted white to reflect
the heat of the sun. The painted body is (5) moved on two trolleys into the bake oven, where the paint
is dried at a temperature of 110o C. (6) , the body is an empty, painted shell, dry to the touch.
J7276
6 Automotive Industries
aw_04_01a
(7) painting and baking, the body moves to the trim line. Here the floor covering is installed,
the windows are put in, and the lighting is installed. Insulation is added to keep the bus warm in winter.
(8) it is on the trim line, the floor level is raised. This makes it easier for workers to install high-level
fittings. (9) , the floor is lowered again and the seats are bolted to it. Seats make it difficult to move
around the interior. For this reason, they are installed (10) .
7
(11) , the bottom part of the bus, which was kept in the delivery area, is brought to the final
assembly line. Here the body of the bus is lowered onto the chassis. Joints are sealed, and all the electrical and heating
systems are connected up. The windscreen is installed (12) . From here, the bus is driven off the
final assembly line. All the electrical, heating, lighting and safety systems are tested. (13) , the bus is
test driven on the highway.

2 Answer the questions.

1 Which part of the bus is assembled in the factory? Which part is assembled outside?
2 Which items are installed on the trim line?
3 In which order are the five stages of preparation and painting carried out?
3 Complete the text in 1 with the linking words from the box.
At the same time / While / at this point / After / Before / Last of all / Finally / Finally /
Lastly / Then / next / At the end of this process / At the end of this stage
4 Match the actions with their purposes. Refer to the text in 1.

Actions Purposes
1 Steel sheets are welded together a) to keep the bus warm in winter.
2 The body is placed on two trolleys b) to make it easier to walk around.
3 The body is sanded before painting c) to make the floor. 1
4 Painting is done in a sealed room d) to allow workers to fit the ceiling panels.
5 The body is placed in a bake oven e) to move it around the factory.
6 The floor is raised f) to dry the paint.
7 Insulation is placed inside the panels g) to keep out the dust.
8 Seats are installed last h) to allow the paint to stick to the body.
5 Read the web page. In what ways is the airside bus different from a normal bus? Use your notebook.
Example: It is longer …
Our new airside bus

The new model airside bus is designed to carry large numbers of passengers between planes and terminal
buildings. Four to six doors per bus, with a width of 1.35 m, allow passengers to get on and off quickly and
easily. The bus can be lowered by up to 70 mm to allow easy boarding.
All-round windows give a superb view. Electronic indicator boards, outside and inside, keep passengers
informed. The AC system allows heating or cooling, depending on local conditions. A ramp allows wheelchair
users and people with infant pushchairs to board the bus.
In the driver’s cockpit, the instrument display helps the driver to move safely about the airport. Outward-
opening doors minimise risks to passengers. A rear-view camera allows safe reversing.
Specification (depends on model): length: 11.9 – 14.7 m; width: 2.7 – 3.1 m; capacity: 80 / 95 / 116 / 136
passengers (5-6 seated)
6 Answer the questions about the web page in 5.

1 Why are the doors wider than usual? 4 Why is the bus floor lower than usual?
2 Why are there more doors than usual? 5 Why is a ramp provided?
3 Which three things are provided for passenger 6 Why do you think so few seats are provided?
comfort, enjoyment and information? (2 reasons)

Word List
NOUNS VERBS
base assemble
cockpit board
coil bolt
core ensure
differential install
driveline minimise
insulation reflect
interior rivet
ramp sand
rib seal
shell support
trolley unroll
windscreen wind / wound
NOUN PHRASES ADJECTIVES
assembly line hollow
bake oven superb
body panel temporary
indicator board
infant pushchair
paint shop
panel pressing
terminal building
trim line

1 Read the text and label the diagram with the words in bold.
The steering system of a car

The steering mechanism is used to link the steering wheel to the road wheels.
Today, rack-and-pinion steering is used for most modern cars with independent front suspension. The rack is
placed in a line between one wheel and the other. The pinion is fixed to the end of the steering column. When the
steering column rotates, the pinion rotates too and engages with the rack. When the wheel is turned, the rack moves
either to the left or to the right. The rack and pinion is lubricated at the time of manufacture and needs no further
maintenance.
At least one universal joint is fixed into the steering column, which allows it to be assembled more easily. In addition
there is a steering shaft coupling. In the event of an accident, the steering shaft disengages from the coupling to
avoid injuring the driver.
The rack acts as the centre section of a three-piece track rod. Each outer end of the track rod turns the wheel by means
of a track rod ball joint. Ball swivel joints are placed at the outer connection point of the suspension arms.
10
1
steering shaft
coupling
9 2
7 track rod
6 4 ball joint
5
8
5
2 Write sentences from the table that describe the diagram in 1. You can use more than one adjective
in a sentence.
Name Shape Noun That Function

1 A steering column is a shaft that allows the car wheel to be turned.
2 A safety coupling is a flat bar separates upon impact. PEARSON Technic
Automotive
3 A universal joint is a round joint rotates and engages with the rack.
4 A rack is a long joint in is rotated by the steering wheel.

a shaft
5 A pinion is a toothed engages with the pinion and moves
wheel in a straight line.
6 A track rod ball joint is a sealed
allows rotation when the shaft is not
in a straight line.
Example: A steering column is a long round shaft that is rotated by the steering wheel.

3 Complete the text with words and phrases from the diagrams. Some are used more than once.
Power assisted steering (PAS)
The (1) PAS pump supplies (2) to a (3) . Movement from the
steering column operates this (4) . When the steering is in a straight-ahead position
(Figure 1), the (5) is in the neutral position. (6) then flows through the
two (7) to each side of the (8) in the (9) .
When the car is turning, the steering column moves the (10) (Figure 2) and closes
one of the two (11) in the control valve. (12) flows out through the
other (13) , passes to one side of the (14) and pushes it along the
(15) .
Figure 1 PAS pump Figure 2 PAS pump
oil oil
port port
control valve control valve
port port
power cylinder piston power cylinder piston
4 Complete each sentence with the most suitable ‘type’ noun from the box.
device / generator / handbook / instrument / machine / person / system / system / tool / vehicle
1 An HGV is a (heavy goods) vehicle . It is used to transport goods.

2 A petrol engine is a self-running . It propels a car or small van.
3 The transmission is a/an . It transfers power from the crankshaft to the wheels.
4 A sensor is a/an . It detects changes in the car’s operating or running systems. J7276
5 A speedometer is a/an . It display’s a vehicle’s speed. Automotive Industries
aw_05_02
6 A jack is a/an . It raises the end or side of a car for a wheel change.
7 The owner’s manual is a/an . It explains how to operate the controls.
8 The alternator is a/an . It generates electricity to charge the battery.
9 SATNAV is a navigation . It transmits and receives information via satellite.
10 An autobody technician is a/an . He/She repairs damaged bodywork.
5 Combine each pair of sentences in 4 into a single sentence in the form of a definition. Use which,
who or that. Use your notebook.
Example: 1 An HGV is a (heavy goods) vehicle that is used to transport goods.

Word List
NOUNS VERBS
alternator disengage
crankshaft engage
impact link
maintenance propel
manual ADJECTIVES
pinion independent
rack sealed
NOUN PHRASES toothed
autobody technician
ball swivel joint
PAS pump
power assisted steering
rack-and-pinion steering
safety coupling
steering column
steering shaft coupling
suspension arm
track rod
track rod ball joint
universal joint

1 Match the safety principles with the check questions. Then complete the questions with
‘Is there … ? / Are there …?’
Safety principle Check questions
V Ventilation a) Are there any flammable substances in unsuitable containers?
d lidded containers that can help to prevent spillages from
spreading?
I Ignition b) flammable substances in the workshop? Are they
stored and used well away from other storage areas and other areas of use?
C Containment c) anything that can set fire to liquids or gases? Sparks
from welding and cutting tools, and open flames are all possible causes of
ignition.
E Exchange or d) plenty of fresh air where flammable liquids or gases
Elimination are stored or used? Good ventilation disperses vapours from spillages, leaks
and processes.
S Separation e) a less flammable substance that can be used? Can you
carry out the process without using any flammable substances?
2 Study the pictures. Add ‘Do’ or ‘Don’t’ to the list of safety procedures for petrol handling.
foam fire extinguisher
1 Don’t drain fuel into open-topped containers.

2 do any welding, electrical or hot work while removing petrol.
3 drain fuel unless you are outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
4 keep a foam fire extinguisher nearby.
J7276
5 drain fuel over a drain, as flammable vapour could collectPEARSON
in it. Technical English
6 If you need to drain fuel, disconnect the battery. aw_06_01
7 use containers large enough to hold the contents of the fuel tank.
8 use any electrical equipment while draining fuel. This includes inspection lamps
and phones.
9 use fuel containers unless they are marked with hazard labels.
10 work on a fuel tank until all the fuel is removed.
11 add drained fuel to the waste-oil tank.
12 If you need to transfer fuel back to the vehicle, follow the same safety procedures.

3 Change the instructions into the passive. Use your notebook.

Example: Containers of flammable liquids must be kept closed when not in use.
1 You must keep containers of flammable liquids closed when not in use.
2 All staff need to keep the working area dust-free by regular cleaning.
3 Workers should not allow flammable dusts to build up in working areas.
4 You have to keep flammable solids away from heaters and electrical equipment.
5 Workers must keep gangways and exits clear of all materials containing flammable solids.
6 You should not use hoses with flammable gases if they become damaged or worn.
7 You must not use oxygen instead of compressed air.
8 You need to check the labels and safety data sheets for chemicals.
4 Find adjectives in 1-3 that mean the opposite of the following.

dusty enclosed non-flammable obstructed
dust-free
open open-topped stale (air) unsuitable
5 Complete the advice sheet for laying up a car. Use should and the passive, with or without not.
allow / allow / clean / empty / remove / spray / trickle-charge
Up to three months
The following procedures should be carried out:
1 The insides of the wheel arches should be sprayed with water to remove mud. The car
to dry before putting it away.
2 The battery and the battery terminals .
3 The battery every four to six weeks.
4 The wiper blades to rest on the front or rear screens.
5 The windscreen washer bottle .
carry out / change / lubricate / place / remove / slacken / slacken / store
More than three months

The following procedures should be carried out, in addition to the three-month items above:
6 A complete lubrication service . The oil filter .
7 The auxiliary drive belts (alternator, power steering, air conditioning), . However, the
camshaft drive belt .
8 The door locks with suitable lock oil.
9 The vehicle on stands or blocks to raise the wheels off the ground.
10 The wheels and flat in a cool dark place.

Word List
NOUNS NOUN PHRASES
chemical battery terminal
containment camshaft drive belt
drain compressed air
elimination fire extinguisher
exchange lubrication service
foam oil filter
gangway wheel arch
hazard VERBS
ignition build up
leak disconnect
separation disperse
spark lubricate
spillage slacken
substance spray
vapour spread
ventilation transfer
trickle-charge
ADJECTIVES
dust-free
flammable
lidded
suitable

1 Study the language box. Then rephrase the diagnoses for the warning lights on the dashboard,
using this language.
Diagnosing a problem
Present possibility The petrol pump may / could / might be broken.
The engine may / could / might be overheating.
Present certainty The level in the screen washer reservoir must be running low.
Past possibility The alternator may / could / might have failed.
Past certainty Water must have got into the fuel filter. (diesel engine only)
1 Oil pressure
If the light comes on during a journey, it’s possible that the oil level is too low.
Example: If the light comes on during a journey, the oil level might be too low.
2 Coolant temperature
If the light comes on during a journey, it’s possible that the coolant temperature is too high or the
coolant level is too low. If the coolant level is satisfactory, the radiator fan has probably failed.
3 Battery charge
If the light comes on during a journey, there is definitely a fault with the charging system. Perhaps the
battery terminals are slack, or the alternator drive belt is loose or broken. It’s also possible that the
alternator has failed.
4 Brake system
If the light stays on after releasing the handbrake, the brake fluid level is probably too low.
5 Brake wear monitor
If the brake wear monitor lights come on, the front brake pads have definitely reached their maximum
wear level. It’s possible that the rear brake pads have also reached their maximum wear level.
6 ABS (anti-locking brake system)
If the warning light comes on when driving, there is possibly a malfunction with the system. If the ABS
warning light comes on together with the brake system warning light, it’s certain that both systems are
defective.
2 Match these pictures with the problems in 1. Write the number of the problem next to the picture.
Some sections are matched with more than one picture.
A
5 B C
D E F

3 Suggest solutions for the problems in 1. Use these phrases: Try (doing) … / Why don’t you (do) … ?
/ You could/should do … .
Example: Try switching off the engine and checking the oil level.
1 Switch off the engine and check the oil level (try).
2 First, check the coolant level (why). If the coolant level is correct, check the radiator fan fuse and
renew if necessary (could).
3 First, switch off the engine. Then check the battery terminals and alternator drive belt (could).
4 Check the brake fluid level and top up if necessary (why). If the brake fluid level is correct, take the
vehicle to a garage for checking (could).
5 Take the vehicle to a garage (why). Ask the garage to check the rear brake pads at the same time
(could).
6 Take the vehicle to a garage as soon as possible (should).
4 Rewrite the check list as a list of work done, using the past passive.
1 Top up oil level. The oil level was topped up.
2 Renew radiator fan fuse.
3 Tighten battery terminals.
4 Replace alternator drive belt.
5 Reset engine management system (EMS).
6 Top up brake fluid level.
7 Replace front brake pads.
8 Check rear brake pads.
5 Make suggestions for starting a car with a flat battery in these situations. Use the language in 3 and
the phrase in brackets. Use your notebooks.
Example: Try freewheeling down the hill.
1 The driver is alone in a car at the top of a hill. (freewheel downhill)
2 The driver is with two passengers on a flat road. (passengers / push-start the car)
3 The driver is alone in her car, and there is another driver with his car. (tow-start the car)
4 The driver is alone in her car, and there is another driver with his car. (use jump leads)
5 The car with the flat battery has an automatic gearbox. (use jump leads)
6 The battery is old and doesn’t work. (buy a new one)

Word List
NOUNS
coolant
dashboard
fuse
malfunction
reservoir
NOUN PHRASES
alternator drive belt
anti-locking brake system (ABS)
automatic gearbox
brake pad
jump lead
VERBS
freewheel
overheat
push-start
release
renew
tow-start
ADJECTIVES
defective
monitor

1 Read the text. Label the diagrams of brake systems with the words in bold.
2 10
1 3
7 5
Mechanical parking brake system
6
Hydraulic brake operating system
Most light vehicles have a hydraulic brake operating system. In this system, the disk brakes on the front wheels and
the drum brakes on the rear wheels are operated by a single-line hydraulic layout. Each of the brakes is supplied
with brake fluid from a master cylinder. The pressure of the fluid in the master cylinder is controlled by the driver
by means of the footbrake. There is a brake fluid reservoir above it which holds an extra supply of brake fluid. When
the pedal is depressed, this forces fluid along the pipes to the four brakes and applies them. Greater pressure on the
J7276
footbrake increases the operating pressure in the brakes. PEARSON Technical English
Regulations require that a separate mechanical parking brake (handbrake) must be provided which operates on
aw_08_01a
at least two wheels of the vehicle. This holds the vehicle stationary while it is left unattended. The parking brake
can also function as a handbrake if there is a major failure with the main braking system. Normally, the handbrake
operates on the rear drum brakes and is linked to them via a cable. The handbrake mechanism is operated by a lever,
which is held in the ‘on’ position by a ratchet and pawl mechanism.
2 What do the words in italics refer to?

1 it (line 4) a) the brake fluid b) the master cylinder c) the footbrake
2 which (line 4) a) the brake fluid b) the master cylinder c) the brake fluid reservoir
3 this (line 5) a) the brake fluid b) the pedal is depressed c) the pedal
4 them (line 5) a) the pipes b) the brakes c) the operating pressure
5 which (line 7) a) Regulations b) the parking brake c) the vehicle
6 This (line 8) a) Regulations b) the mechanical parking brake c) two wheels
7 it (line 8) a) the handbrake b) the vehicle c) the parking brake
8 them (line 10) a) the drum brakes b) the rear c) the two wheels
9 which (line 11) a) the cable b) the handbrake c) the lever

3 Complete the descriptions of drum brakes and disk brakes with words from the diagrams.
Drum brakes consist of two (1) shoes , which are fixed to a (2) , which is fixed to
an (3) . (4) are riveted to the outer faces of each shoe. When the brake
pedal is operated, this increases the hydraulic pressure in the (5) to the hydraulic cylinder and
forces the two (6) into contact with a rotating (7) , which is fixed to the
wheel hub by the wheel nuts. When the wheel rotates freely, the brake drum rotates with it, but the brake shoes do
not move. The inner surface of the drum is ground smooth, so that the shoe linings can rub against it. This can cause
overheating, which reduces friction, and can cause the drum brakes to fade and lose braking efficiency. Drum brakes
are fitted to the rear wheels of many vehicles.
Disk brakes consist of an exposed (8) disk , which is bolted to the wheel hub and which rotates
between two (9) . When the brake pedal is operated, this increases the hydraulic pressure in
the (10) and forces the two (11) into contact with the rotating brake
(12) . An (13) ensures that the two (14) force the
friction pads onto the rotating disk at the same time. Friction between the pads and the disks slows the rotation of
the disk. The surface of the disk is exposed to the air, which cools the disk while the car is moving. Disk brakes are
fitted to the front wheels of most vehicles, as most of the braking power is required there.
friction linings disk bolted to

wheel hub
back-plate
shoes
pistons
axle tube
interconnecting
pipe
supply pipe
drum
supply pipe from
friction pads master cylinder
drum brakes disk brakes
4 Answer the questions about the texts in 3.

1 In which type of brake does a friction pad rub against a disk? A disk brake
2 In which type of brake does a shoe rub against a drum?
3 Does passing air cool a drum brake or a disk brake better?
4 Which wheels of a vehicle usually have disk brakes? J7276
5 Which wheels of a vehicle sometimes have drum brakes? aw_08_02a
6 When is the pressure in a hydraulic brake system increased?

Word List
NOUNS VERBS
cable depress
disk expose
drum fade
footbrake rivet
friction ADJECTIVES
handbrake exposed
lining hydraulic
reservoir interconnecting
shoe mechanical
NOUN PHRASES stationary
axle tube
back plate
brake fluid
disk brake
drum brake
friction pad
wheel hub

1 Complete the description of a parking distance warning system with words or phrases from the box.
approximately / at intervals / continuous / less than / B

A
less than / more rapid / over / shortest
Parking distance warning system

The parking distance warning sensor uses four sensors in the rear bumper to determine the distance
between the vehicle and an obstacle. The (1) shortest distance between vehicle and
obstacle is always indicated.
The warning system is activated by selecting reverse gear. An audible signal will sound. This signal
will sound (2) , at a distance of (3) 1.2 metres (the area A in
the diagram). The signal will become (4) as the vehicle approaches the obstacle.
The warning signal becomes (5) when this distance is (6)
approximately 30 centimetres (area B in the diagram). The system is deactivated by shifting out of
reverse gear. The system does not function at speeds of (7) approximately 15 kph.
DO keep the sensors clean and free from snow and ice.
DON’T spray the sensors with a high pressure water jet from a distance of (8)
10 cm.
2 Complete the description of a cruise control system with words or phrases from the box.
above / approximately / at the speed / higher / in steps / + RES
less than / more than / more than / the desired speed – SET
B A
Cruise control system

The cruise control system can maintain any speed (1) above about 30 kph, but cannot
keep a constant speed when driving downhill. The system is switched on by moving the switch A to ON.
When you have reached (2) , briefly press the switch B to SET. You can then
take your foot off the accelerator. You can increase your speed in the normal way by means of the
accelerator. When you lift your foot off the accelerator, the car will continue driving
(3) that you set before.
If you drive at (4) 10 kph higher than the set speed for a period of
(5) 5 minutes, the cruise control switches off. Then you must store a new speed again.
If you briefly press the lower part of the rocker switch B, you reduce the speed (6) .
If you press and hold it, you reduce the speed gradually. When you release the rocker switch, the new
speed is saved.
If you release the rocker switch B at a speed of (7) 30 kph, the memory is cleared.
You must then accelerate to a speed (8) than (9) 30 kph in order
to reset a new speed.

3 Write about the systems in 1 and 2. Replace the phrases in italics, using the words in brackets.
1 The parking distance warning system calculates the distance of the obstacle. (how / far)
Example: 1 The parking distance warning system calculates how far away the obstacle is.
2 You can tell your distance from the obstacle by listening to the speed of the audible warning signal.
(how / far / how fast)
3 The functioning of the system depends on the driver’s speed of reversing. (how / fast / driver)
4 The functioning of the reversing sensors depends on their cleanliness. (how / clean)
5 The functioning of the cruise control system depends on your driving speed. (how / fast / drive)
6 The cruise control system measures the time that you are driving at a speed of more than 10 kph over
the stored speed. (how / long)
7 You can decide the manner of your deceleration by pressing or holding the rocker switch. (how /
decelerate)
4 Read the service schedule and answer the questions below.

Every 60,000 km After 90,000 km, then every 30,000 km
Replace air filter element; clean housing Check camshaft drive belt (4-cylinder petrol
engines only)
Replace spark plugs
Every 2 years (i.e. for vehicles driven less than
Replace camshaft drive belt and tensioner roller
60,000 km in 2 years)
(diesel engines only)
Replace air filter element; clean housing (for
Check oil level in the final drive for automatic
vehicles driven less than 60,000 km in 2 years)
gearboxes
1 A 4-cylinder petrol-engine car is in the garage for its 120,000 km service. Should the camshaft drive
belt be checked or replaced?
2 A car is two years old and has done 57,000 km. Should it be serviced now? If so, what work should be
carried out?
3 An automatic car has done 120,000 km. What work should be done at this service that is not done for
manual cars?
4 A diesel car has done 120,000 km. What extra work should be done at this service that is not done for
petrol cars?
5 A manual car with a 4-cylinder petrol engine has done 180,000 km. What parts should be replaced?
5 Complete the advice checklist with the expressions in the box. Some alternatives are possible.
as necessary / at recommended service intervals / before any long journey / every fortnight /
fortnightly / once a year / over time / regularly
1 Tyres: Check the tyre pressures at least fortnightly using a garage air line.
2 Engine oil: Check the dipstick at least and .
3 Engine oil: Have the oil and filter changed .
4 Water: Check the coolant level and top up .
5 Windscreen wipers: Wiper blades become worn . Replace them at
least .

Word List

NOUNS ADJECTIVES
bumper audible
coolant constant
deceleration continuous
element ADVERBS
gearbox briefly
housing gradually
memory promptly
obstacle
NOUN PHRASES
camshaft drive belt
cruise control system
rocker switch
tensioner roller
warning sensor
VERBS
approach
deactivate
depend
ensure
maintain
recommend
reset

1 Read the descriptions of the electrical components and complete the table.
Conductors
A component which allows the flow of an electrical current through it is called a conductor. A conductor can be a
wire or a bar. Some materials have properties that allow electricity to pass very freely through them. These materials
are said to be ‘good conductors’ with ‘low resistance’. Examples of good conductors are: copper, platinum, gold
and silver.
Several factors affect the resistance of a conductor, for example. the material, length and temperature of the
conductor. Some conductors become more resistant as the temperature rises; other conductors become less resistant
as the temperature rises.
Insulators
A component which resists the flow of an electrical current through it is called an insulator. Good insulating materials
include glass, plastic, rubber and porcelain.
Electrical cables are covered in an insulation material, like PVC or rubber. The current runs along the wire inside the
cable.
Semiconductors
A component that allows some electricity to flow through it, but which offers some resistance, is called a
semiconductor. Semiconductors are materials which have a resistance value higher than a good conductor, but lower
than an insulator.
Silicon and germanium are two materials used in semiconductors. By themselves, they do not conduct electricity,
but when mixed with other materials they do.
The resistance of semiconductors can change when the temperature rises or falls, or when exposed to light. An
example of a semiconductor is the temperature sensor. When the temperature rises, this affects the electrical current
in a circuit, and indicates a change in temperature.
Component Property Example Material

conductor
resists the flow

of an electrical
current
silicon, germanium
2 Complete the sentences with words from 1.

1 A component is a part of a machine.
2 The qualities that a material has (e.g. electrical) are called .
3 are materials like copper that allow electricity to pass through
them easily.
4 An prevents electricity from passing from a wire to a metal object
next to it.
5 A material which has a high is not a good conductor.
6 Sensors notice a difference in the strength of the in a circuit.
7 Light and heat can the performance of a semiconductor.

3 Complete the text with words or phrases from the box and the diagrams.
blade connectors / blown fuse / conductor / current / fuses / higher / lower / overheat /
plastic housing / resistance / signals
conductor blown fuse
plastic
housing
blade
connectors
Wire: Some wires in a car carry very little (1) current . They carry (2) from
switches and sensors. Other wires carry a lot of current, for example, to power the starter motor. Each
type of wire has a certain amount of (3) per metre. The longer the wire, the
(4) the resistance. Automotive wire is made from strands of copper. The finer the
strands, the (5) the resistance.
Fuses: If too much current goes through a wire, it can (6) and melt. Then the wire has
to be replaced, which is a difficult job. To prevent this from happening, (7) are included
in an electrical circuit. Automotive fuses have two (8) which complete the circuit. Inside
the (9) is the (10) , which carries the current. The conductor has a lower
melting point than the wire of the circuit. If the wire carries too much current, the heat of the current
melts the conductor and ‘blows’ the fuse. A (11) must be replaced with a good one. Then
the electrical circuit will work again.
4 Replace the word(s) in italics with the word(s) in brackets. Make any necessary changes in J7276
punctuation and word order. Use your notebook. PEARSON Technical English
Example: 1 The driver left the headlights on, so the car had a flat battery. aw_10_01
1 The car had a flat battery because the driver left the headlights on. (so)
2 The driver tried the starter motor again and again, and as a result the battery became flat. (since)
3 Since the driver didn’t have a spare fuse, he couldn’t replace the blown fuse. (therefore)
4 The wrong fuse was used and therefore the wire in the circuit melted. (since)
5 The mechanic couldn’t repair the car as he didn’t have a wiring diagram for it. (and as a result)
6 The current in the circuit was too high and as a result the fuse blew. (because)
7 The rear windscreen heater was broken, so the driver couldn’t see out of the rear window. (as)
5 Match the car components with their properties.

1 electric cable a) flexible, durable, shock-absorbant
2 leaf-type springs b) fade-resistant, heat-resistant
3 fuel-tank c) flexible, inelastic
4 tyres d) impact-resistant
5 brake-drums e) flexible, fuel-resistant, water-resistant
6 diesel engine f) durable
7 seat belts g) flexible, skid-resistant

Word List
NOUNS ADJECTIVES
conductor durable
copper fade-resistant
fuse fine
germanium impact-resistant
gold shock-absorbant
housing skid-resistant
insulator VERBS
platinum affect
porcelain blow / blew/ blown
PVC (polyvinyl chloride) expose
semiconductor melt
silicon overheat
silver power
strand
NOUN PHRASE
blade connector
leaf-type spring
resistance value
temperature sensor

1 Match the descriptions of the bearings with the pictures.

A
3 B C
D E F
1 In a roller bearing, the wheel hub doesn’t 4 In taper roller bearings, the rollers and the
touch the axle. Between them is a set of grooves in which they move are both conical.
rollers in a groove that rotate with the hub. They are capable of supporting considerable
As the wheel moves, the rollers rotate and loads. A single roller bearing can only support
circulate around the axle. thrust in one direction, so a second row with the
taper facing the opposite direction is provided.
2 Spherical roller bearings rotate in twin
grooves and can carry greater loads. Because 5 If a bush bearing cannot be fitted around a shaft,
J7276
the bearing is self-aligning, the shaft in the then a split bearing must bePEARSON
used. Two halves of
Technical English
centre need not be precisely at 90o to the a bearing are held together by bolts and nuts, or
aw_11_01
bearing’s housing. screws.
3 The simplest type of bearing is the plain bush 6 In a ball bearing, spherical balls are used
bearing. A shaft rotates inside a sleeve, called instead of cylindrical rollers. Double-row bearings
a ‘bush’. When friction wears away the bush, of this type can carry heavier loads. Bicycles use
it can be replaced. ball bearings, not roller bearings.
2 Answer the questions about the descriptions in 1.

1 Which bearings contain cones? 2 Which bearings contain rollers ?
3 Which bearings contain balls? 4 Which bearings do not contain moving parts?
5 Which bearings are described as suitable for bearing heavier loads?
3 Label the diagram using the words in bold.

Ball and roller bearings consist of the following parts:
• An inner race which is fixed to the axle.
• An outer race which is fixed to the housing.
• A number of balls or rollers.
1 4
• A cage which prevents the balls or rollers
from rubbing against each other, and to
space them around the circumference of
the bearing.
The races and balls (or rollers) are made of a
specially hardened steel, while the cages may 2 3
be of aluminium or bronze.

4 Read the product description of a tracked earthmover and complete the specification table (A).
1 The aim of the design was to produce a tracked earthmover with greater power than earlier models. The
designers considered the needs of users, for example, construction sites, quarries and landfill sites.
2 The new design has an 8.8 litre six-cylinder engine, with a top speed of 10 kph in the ‘travel’ mode.
The alternative ‘work’ mode allows slower speeds. Independent power is provided to each track, so
the driver can control each track separately and turn the machine easily.
3 The earthmoving bucket has a width of 3.3 m and a capacity of 4.7 m3.
4 The powerful engine is located at the rear, and therefore acts as a counterweight. Another advantage
is that the radiator, placed at the rear, is kept clear of earth-moving operations. The electronic fuel
injection system delivers multiple injections of fuel during the engine’s compression stroke, which
improves fuel combustion. The turbocharger, driven by the exhaust, results in increased power,
improved combustion and reduced exhaust emissions.
5 The design uses strong, rigid box-sections, which resist torsional forces. The steel frame provides
flexibility, durability and resistance to high load forces. The multi-purpose bucket made of high-
strength, low alloy steel resists dents and damage.
6 The cab is designed for comfort and ease of operation. AC and heating are standard features. The
dashboard has two groups of instruments: one with four gauges (fuel level, etc) and another with
warning indicators (low alternator output, etc).
A Tracked earthmover B Articulated dump truck

Design brief greater power than earlier more power; carries increased payload (+15%)
models
Users construction sites, Quarries, landfill sites, forestry industry, construction sites
1
Key 2 5.9 litre engine; top speed of 50 kph
features
Capacity 3 Max payload: 20 tonnes (12 m3)
Parts and powerful engine at rear; 6 forward gears, 3 reverse gears (manual or automatic
functions operation); power-assisted dual braking system; twin
hydraulic system for a) steering and tipping mechanism,
b) braking and suspension.
Materials 4 Rear chassis: high tensile strength steel, with box-section
reinforcements
Properties 5 Increased rigidity and resistance to loading forces
Operation 6 Reduced noise and vibration; good visibility and stability;
AC (standard)
5 Read the specification table (B) for an articulated dump truck. Use your notebook. Write a product
description using the guide phrases.
1 The aim of the design … ; The designers considered …
2 The new design has …
3 The truck has a maximum payload capacity …
4 The powerful engine drives … ; One main advantage is … ; The design uses … ; In addition there is …
5 The design uses … ; The advantage of the …
6 The redesigned driver’s cab features …

Word List
NOUNS NOUN PHRASES
bronze ball bearing
cage bush bearing
circumference dump truck
combustion inner race
counterweight landfill site
forestry low alloy steel
groove outer race
hub roller bearing
payload spherical roller bearing
quarry split bearing
reinforcement taper roller bearing
rigidity tracked earthmover
sleeve VERBS
stability circulate
turbocharger ADJECTIVES
vibration self-aligning
visibility torsional

1 Read the article. Label the diagrams with the word(s) in bold.
Lithium-ion batteries
1 Operation: Lithium-ion batteries (li-ion, for short) are a type of rechargeable battery. During discharge, a lithium
ion moves from the anode to the cathode. While charging, a lithium ion moves from the cathode to the anode.
2 Applications: Li-ion batteries are used in consumer electronics such as laptops and mobile phones. They are also
used in other applications, for example in the automotive and aerospace industries because of their high energy-
to-weight ratios.
3 Components and Materials: The three main functional components of a li-ion battery are the anode, the cathode
and the electrolyte. Different materials can be used for their manufacture.
4 Advantages: Li-ion batteries are popular for several reasons. They have a high energy density. They lose charge
slowly when not in use: a li-ion battery pack loses about 5% of its charge per month, compared with a nickel-metal
hybride battery, which loses 20%. They have no memory effect. In other words, you do not have to discharge them
completely before recharging them.
A A B B
5 Energy-density: A typical li-ion battery can store approximately 150 watt-hours of electricity in 1 kg of battery. A
nickel-metal hybride battery pack can store about 60–70 watt-hours per kg. A lead-acid battery can store only
25 watt-hours per kg. So, lead-acid technology needs six times more battery weight than li-ion technology to
+ ++ ++ ++ +
store the same amount of energy.

– –– –– –– –
1 1 2 2
Charging
AA BB C C D D4 4 5 5
+ ++ ++ ++ +
– –– – – – – –
1 1 2 2
3 3 6 6
CC DD 4 4 5 5
2 Read the article again and complete the table.
lithium-ion (li-ion) nickel-metal hybride (NiMH) lead-acid
Watt-hours per kg of battery

3 3 % loss of charge per month
6 6
3 Underline the reduced relative clauses in these sentences.

1 The lithium batteries first made in the 1970s were not as safe as the current li-ion batteries.
2 Lithium moves into the anode or cathode, a process referred to as insertion.
3 Lithium moves out of the anode or cathode, a process referred to as extraction.
4 When the cell discharges, the lithium extracted from the anode is inserted into the cathode.
J7276
J7276
5 When the cell charges, the lithium extracted from the cathode is inserted intoPEARSON
the anode.
PEARSONTechnical English
Technical English
6 The advantage of li-ion chemistry is the high open circuit voltage obtained in comparison to other
aw_12_01
aw_12_01
batteries like lead-acid or nickel-metal hybride.
7 Laptops use the energy stored in the batteries through the movement of lithium ions.

4 Insert which is / which were where possible in the sentences in 3.

Example: 1 The lithium batteries which were first made in the 1970s were not as safe as the current li-ion
batteries.
5 Read the FAQs from a press release about a new hybrid car. Then match the questions to the
correct answers below.
1 e When will the new lithium-ion battery-powered hybrid car go on sale?

2 Will this technology be used for luxury cars, for specialist cars, or for mass-produced cars?
3 Which technology was previously used for hybrid cars?
4 How do the new hybrid cars compare with previous hybrids?
5 What part of the car powers the car from standstill?
6 When does the petrol engine take over and power the car?
7 What sized car does the new hybrid compare with in performance?
8 Must the car be rested and recharged after it uses up its charge?
9 What is the fuel saving compared to a standard petrol-engine car?
10 How many cars using this new technology will be sold each year?
a) Sales forecasts are currently 100,000 units per annum.
b) The new hybrid should deliver a performance comparable to that of a 3.6 litre engine.
c) The new technology will be used for almost every model that is currently manufactured. This marks
the first time that the new technology is used for a mass-produced car.
d) The new hybrid is expected to save between 15 and 20% of the fuel currently used.
e) The new lithium-ion battery-powered hybrid car will go on sale in the year 2010.
f) To save fuel, the electric motor, powered by the battery, powers the car from a standing start.
g) Previously, battery-powered hybrids were based upon nickel-metal hybride technology.
h) As the car accelerates, the petrol engine takes over once the revs have reached the optimum level.
i) The new li-ion technology provides an engine that is 24% smaller, 40% lighter and 33% more powerful.
j) No, unlike all-electric vehicles, there is no necessity to stop using the vehicle to recharge it. The
braking system generates power to charge the battery during normal operation.
6 Complete parts of the vocabulary table with words from this unit. Use your notebook.
NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE
recharging recharge 1
storage 2 applicable
3 apply 4
function function
popularity 5 6
density popularise

Word List
NOUNS VERBS
aerospace discharge
anode extract
application insert
cathode ADJECTIVES
density hybrid
discharge luxury
effect optimum
electrolyte previous
extraction rechargeable
forecast
insertion
necessity
revs
standstill
NOUN PHRASES
lead-acid
lithium-ion
nickel-metal hybride
open circuit voltage

TE2AutomotiveWorkSheets PDF

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

TE2AutomotiveWorkSheets PDF

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Automotive Industries Unit 1

1 Read the article. Which driver made the bigger mistake?

The cost of misfuelling

2 Read the article in 1 again. Mark these statements T (true) or F (false).

drain / put in / refill / run / start / top up

Putting petrol in a diesel tank

Putting diesel in a petrol tank

© Pearson Longman 2008 www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglish

4 Complete the dialogues between a supervisor and a mechanic.

5 Label the pictures with the words in the box.

2 You the oil level by at the dipstick.

© Pearson Longman 2008 www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglish

accelerator box spanner

diesel catalytic converter

filter common rail

ignition foot pump

injector fuel rail

lubricant gear lever

misfuelling HT (high tension) lead

petrol oil level

solvent spark plug

VERBS tyre pressure

circulate tyre valve

drain unit injector

flush wheel gun

refill wheel nut

top up wire brush

© Pearson Longman 2008 www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglish

1 Match the diagrams with the descriptions.

2 Underline the correct verb.

© Pearson Longman 2008 www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglish

© Pearson Longman 2008 www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglish

© Pearson Longman 2008 www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglish

1 Match the diagrams with the descriptions of maximum dimensions.

1.2 m point of articulation rear overhang line

Winton Seden Ransom

© Pearson Longman 2008 www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglish

4 Read the article and underline the correct words.

Petrol engines versus diesel engines

© Pearson Longman 2008 www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglish

articulation build quality

drawbar cast iron

performance compression ratio

radius coupling pivot point

projection cylinder block

reliability dog trailer

semitrailer fuel economy

spillage fuel efficiency

torque fuel injection system

ADJECTIVES power output

comfortable power:weight ratio

economical rear overhang line

laden ride comfort

reliable room temperature

© Pearson Longman 2008 www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglish

Body assembly line / Panel pressing / Bus chassis / Trim line /

© Pearson Longman 2008 www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglish

2 Answer the questions.

4 Match the actions with their purposes. Refer to the text in 1.

Our new airside bus

6 Answer the questions about the web page in 5.

© Pearson Longman 2008 www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglish

windscreen wind / wound