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Question: 1 (Compulsory)
1.2. a. Circulators and isolators may be used to avoid some measurements problems. Explain the function
and present some examples of area of use within test, and what is important to consider when
choosing this type of components. /4 marks
b. Explain and give the function of the klystron /4 marks
1.3. Mismatches can be specified in a number of different ways. The most common are:
2.1. An electromagnetic plane wave with an electric field intensity, 𝐸 = (𝑢𝑥 − 𝑗𝑢𝑦 )𝑒 −𝑗𝛽𝑧 , propagates in
the +z direction through a lossless dielectric material 𝜇𝑟 = 1) within a velocity 1.5 × 108 𝑚/𝑠 . The
distance between a maximum and minimum of the field is 0.75 cm. Calculate the following:
2.2. A Network Analyzer with S-parameter test set is capable of measuring S-parameters. Explain
𝑆11 , 𝑆12 , 𝑆13 , 𝑆21 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆22 . /3 marks
Question 3
0 0.98 𝑗0.2 0
0.98 0 0 𝑗0.2
[𝑆] = [ ]
𝑗0.2 0 0 0.98
0 𝑗0.2 0.98 0
Ports 3 and 4 are terminated in matched loads. Port 1 is connected to a microwave generator and the
incident power at port 1 is 1W. Answer the following:
a. What are the power outputs from outputs from ports 3 and 4 if port 2 is terminated in a matched load?
/3 marks
b. What are the power outputs from outputs from ports 3 and 4 if port 2 is terminated in a short circuit?
/3 marks
c. What are the power outputs from outputs from ports 3 and 4 if port 2 is terminated in an open circuit?
/3 marks
d. what is the coupling factor of this directional coupler in dB? /1 mark
Question: 4
4.1. A load impedance 𝑍𝐿 =200-j150 ohm is to be matched to a lossless, air-filled transmission line with a
characteristic impedance Z=50 Ohm at a frequency of 3GHz, using a quarter-wave transformer and a
shunt short circuited stub at the load.
4.2. The noise floor of certain power meter is equal to -70dBm. When a signal is applied, the meter
displays -65dBm. What is the power of the signal? /4 marks
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