비전공자를 위한 컴퓨팅사고 기반의 SW 교육과정에 관한

연구

홍길순*, 이몽룡**
*대한대학교 소프트웨어학과
**민국대학교 컴퓨터교육과
e-mail : hong@empal.com, lee@gmail.com

A Development System for Comfortable Umbrella

Hakiki1, Hakim Khaula Nurul2, Nugroho Yuniarto Wimbo2, Liu Hao1

1
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Keimyung University
2
Dept. of Electronics Engineering, Keimyung University

요 약(Abstract)
In the Summer season often have come heat wave, and temperature will increasing to be 420 Celcius. In the
other hand, the heat wave can triggered heat stress in a human, with the result that an umbrella is needed that is
quite comfortable to use during the Summer season. Therefore in this project have purpose to development
comfortable umbrella for using in the Summer, this is contains electronics system and mechanical system. The
solar cell will be use for source power for charging battery, electricity from the solar cell will be increased on
the power supply regulator to get the desired voltage to charge the battery. The voltage needed for charging
battery is 8.82 V, and have charging time equal 1 hour 41.58 minutes. On the other hand, voltage from battery
wil be use for dc motor fan, led and charging mobile phone with average load power around 7.56 Watt. The
battery have capacity around 3200mAH, with the result that time performance system will works around 3
hours 13 minutes. The different of comfort parameter of airflow velocity can be felt everyone. the airflow
velocity felt adequately when there is no sweat. The airflow velocity selected between 5 m/s – 10 m/s, so that
the maximum required power is 9 watt.
Keywords:

and rechargeable battery to save power for usage

1. Introduction
One of the main problems in summer in Indonesia is
heat wind. It is a sultry weather and make people
uncomfortable when the do some activity outside.
When the heat wave comes, the temperature will
increase to 42-degree Celsius. People must use
something to protect themselves from sunlight such
as an umbrella. In addition to providing good effects,
heat wave, as renewable energy, can also be used to
generate energy by energy producer to minimize the
adverse effects of high temperature. Through solar
cells, solar energy can be converted into electrical
energy.
Therefore, this paper purpose design an umbrella by
using a fan, to provide wind flow and reduce
temperature. The umbrella include several solar cell
when sun is weak.
In this design, the fan will be placed in the edge of
the umbrella frame, and then when the umbrella to be
close, the blades of the fan will be folded. On the
other hand, a battery and electronic control system
will be placed on the handle of the umbrella.
2. Design of System
2.1 Design
The solar panel adhered to cloths of the umbrella is a
main resource in this system which produces power
to turn on a fan that installation frame of the
umbrella. A switch button is required to set up to
control the fan on or off. The fan is driven by a 5V
DC motor. This is enough to provide the airflow.
Besides, the solar panel is to charge 8.4 V battery
when sunshine is available. In order to increase the
performance of this system, the fan will be driven by
power of battery when the sun does not appear. The
battery is installed in handle of umbrella.
Charge/discharge controller is used among the solar
panel, the battery, and load to regulate the output
voltage and to protect the battery from overcharging.
Overcharging a battery will cause to explode, causing
to harm the system. The figure shows schematic of
the system work.

Figure 2. Battery level indicator circuit

Figure 3. Schematic of charging circuit

Figure 1. Schematics of the system

2.2 Design of Electronic Circuit
One of the most challenging tasks of this system is to
design and implement an electronic system for
charging external units such as battery in order for
the user to benefit from the power generated from
solar energy. An electronic system is needed to
control these two processes. Consequently, the
control system requires two main circuits: power
distribution circuit and battery charging control
circuit. There are some designs of an electronic
circuit for battery, including battery level indicator,
electronic circuits of charging and discharging
system. these schematics are shown in figure 2, 3 and
4.
Figure 4. Schematic of the discharging circuit
The electronic circuit, using generally available
low-cost components, is very simple, safe, and
economical. The typical target voltage of a 2S LiPo
battery is usually 8.4 V (note that target voltage is not
the same as the nominal voltage, which is 7.4 V
typical), and LiPo battery requires a special type of
charging mode that uses the CC/CV method (constant
current/constant voltage) with 1-C charge grade (1 A
for a 1,000-mAh battery). However, charging at a
lower than 1-C rate is perfectly safe and will not
damage any battery.
The design is optimized for batteries of 1,000-
mAh or higher, and the input power source can be
any linear/switch-mode power supply capable of
catering an output current of minimum 1,500 mA at
18 V. Normally, a LiPo battery connected to this
circuit will be charged to 95% of its nominal voltage
within 60 minutes and charged up to 100% of its between calculation value. The simulation result is
target voltage within two hours thereafter. shown below in Figure 5 and 6.
The electronic part are, in fact, a perfect blend of
one constant current source and one constant voltage
source built around the popular adjustable three-pin
voltage regulator LM317T (IC1 & IC2). Here, IC1
and R1 set the output limit current while IC2, R2 and
P1, set the regulated voltage output. Related
capacitors (C1–C2) are used to increase circuit
stability by reducing unwanted noise. The rest of the
electronic part one a bunch of visual indicators and
their supporting components. LED1 (amber) is the
“power-/battery-connected” indicator; LED2 (blue) is
the “current flow” indicator, and LED3 (red) is the Figure 5. Simulation output from charger
optional “battery-charged” indicator. The entire
circuit can be constructed on a small PCB. Both ICs
must have heat sinks, and the TO-220 heatsinks
should be isolated from other components of the
circuit. After construction, feed 18 V to the circuit
through DC_IN jack (J1) and adjust P1 to get
precisely 8.4 V (±0.02 V) at the VBAT rail.
For the solar energy, the panels are to be attached
on umbrella using covered solar panels. The voltage Figure 6. Simulation output current from charger
required more than 8.4V to provide power for all, so
the panels were installed to fix 6 units which contain In Figure5. the simulation show the voltage output is
1.6 volts for each unit. Every unit will be put on each 8.92V a little bit different from the above calculated
segment on the umbrella. result as 8.82V. And then V-out is used to charge the
3. Performance Calculation battery Lithium with capacity 3200mAH and 7.4V.
For time charging of battery it can be calculated by
3.1 Charge and Discharge Performance the following equation.

From Figure 3 can calculation of output voltage

for charging battery LiPo 7.4V/3200mAH, in the
Tc= ( BcIc )∗60 minute ……………… (2)

previous discussion, battery charger must have a Tc = Time for charging

voltage higher more than the voltage of battery so the Bc = Battery Capacity
design of charger around of 8.4 V. Output voltage Ic = Current from charger
from regulator can be calculated by Equation (1)
The calculation shows that the completed battery is
R2 101.58 minute or 1 hour 41.58 minutes. After battery
Vout=Vref∗(1+ )
R1 fully charged it can run until battery low, it can
…………………… (1) estimate for how long battery use for running system.
The calculation equation is in below equation.
Vref = 1.25 V
R1 = 330 ohm PBatt =C Batt x V Batt … …… …… … …… …… … …… …(3 )
R2 = 2K ohm
PBatt =Power Battery
C Batt =Capacity of Battery
( R2
Vout=Vref∗ 1+
R1 ) V Batt =Voltage Battery
2000
Vout=1.25∗(1+
330 )
The equation have result of power battery around
23.68Watt/hour. Moreover, from motor datasheet load
Vout=8.82V of motor systems equal 7.56 Watt with the result that
For verification this equation build simulation for this can calculate time performance of battery was
design. In this simulation V-out has little bit different running motor for fan. The calculation will be shown
in this below equation. P=ω τ=π . n . τ /30 ……………………(7)
P The angular velocity can be written in RPM
T Performance= Batt …………………………. (revolution per minute) as n
P Load
(4) 3.3 Result Performance Airflow Fan
T Performance = Time performance of Battery
PLoad = Power of load (motor)
Power Versus RPM
It is having result from the calculation of time 25
performance is equivalent 3 hour 13 minutes, it
20
means the system fan can run using power from

Power (wat)
battery at least 3 hour. 15
10
3.2 Performance of Airflow 5

The law of energy conservation states that energy can 0

0.0 1000.02000.03000.04000.05000.06000.0
not disappear and it is only converted from one form
to another form. For instance, the electric power RPM
transform the energy of fan become kinetic energy of
airflow. The shaft torque applies to the fan, and then
the rotation of fan generates airflow. The system fan Figure 8. Result Power to RPM
work will be shown in this picture below.
In the Figure 8 above, it shows that the change of
RPM of fan linearly determined by the power
necessary.

Power versus velocity

12
Airfow Velocity (m/s)

10
8
Figure 7. Fan work systems 6
4
The mechanical efficiency (η) of a fan is the ratio of 2
the rate of increase of the mechanical energy of the
0
mechanical the power input. The mechanical 0 5 10 15 20 25
efficiency of a fan can be written as follows
Power (wat)
W P ḿ v 2
η= out = out = …………….(5)
W¿ P¿ P¿
Where Pin is as power input in watt. In this case, the Figure 9. Result Power to airflow velocity
efficiency selected between 0.6 - 0.7.
The mass flow ( ḿ ) is defined as airflow through In the Figure 9 above, it shows that the choice of
airflow velocity fixed depend on the power capacities
fan can be written as follows
supplied. The great of airflow velocity required, so
ḿ=ρ v A …………………………(6) that it needed the big power.
Where ρ = density ( kg/m3) , v = velocity airflow
(m/s) and A = cross-section area of circle of fan (m2)

The interconection between the torque of fan (τ) in

N.m, the angular velocity and the power supplies (P)
in watt, determined as follows
 Velocity Flow versus RPM Fan
12
Airfow Velocity (m/s)

10
8
6
4
2
0
0.0 1000.0 2000.0 3000.0 4000.0 5000.0 6000.0
RPM

Figure 10. Result of velocity flow to RPM fan

In the Figure 10 above, it shows that the change of
the airflow velocity to the angular velocity of fan
seemed exponentially. The big angular velocity of
fan, it can enlarge vibration and noise make
uncomfortable.

4. Conclusion

The prototype that was built contains all of the

options that will be available, though different
models of the Smart Umbrella will also be available
to increase sales in different sections of this market.
To provide a portable umbrella that could be used in
any situation a solar panel array was built from
individual solar cells to provide a means to power the
design. A high-powered storage battery was also be
used for this purpose when the solar panels do not
provide enough power to run the umbrella fan. To
increase the efficiency a Maximum Power Point
Tracking synchronous switching regulator was
utilized to maintain maximum power output to the
battery charging system and the load.

Reference
[1] McFarland, E.W. (2014) ‘Solar energy: setting the
economic bar from the top-down’, Energy and
Environmental Science, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp.846–854.
[2] Paul El Khoury, Yara Saadeh, Charbel Azzi,
Samer Bu Jawdeh and Ramsey F. Hamade " Eco-
Brella: prototype development of the umbrella as
harvester of solar and wind energies ", Int. J.
Sustainable Manufacturing, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2014.
[3] University, Battery. "Advantages and
disadvantages of different types of batteries",
http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/whats_the_b
est_battery