Load Calculation for Truss

Wind load
F= (Cpe-Cpi)xAxPd
Where
Cpe = External pressure coefficient,
Cpi = Internal Pressure coefficient,
A= Surface area of structural element or cladding unit,
pd= Design wind pressure = 0.6Vz2
Where,
Vz= Design wind velocity (m/s) at any height z above ground
= Vbxk1xk2xk3

Basic Wind Speed ( Vb )

Vb 47 m/s

Risk Cofficient ( k1 Factor )

Class of structure 4
1 = General Building 2= Temporary sheds , formwork , etc.
3 = Isolated tower, farm buildings 4= Important like hospitals, communication Tower,
power plant
k1= 1.07
Terrrain, Height, Structure Size Factor ( k2 factor )

Terrain Category 2
Structure Class B
Eaves Height 4.3 m
k2 0.98

Design Wind Speed

Basic wind speed (Vb) 47 m/sec
k1 1.07
k2 0.98
k3 1
Design Wind Speed( Vz )=Vb* k1 * k2 * k3 = 49.2842 m/sec

Pressure Coefficient
Design Wind Pressure ( pz ) = 0.6 Vz2 = 1457.35942 N/m2
Pressure coefficient
Slope of Truss 18
Eaves Height ( h ) 4.3 m
Width of the Truss ( w ) 13.4 m
h/w 0.32

Wind Pressure Calculation

A) Wind Normal To The Ridge ( 0o )
 Direction Cpe Cpi Pressure (KN/m2)
0.2 -524.6493918422
Wind ward(EF) -0.56
-0.2 -1107.5931605558
0.2 -291.4718843568
Lee ward(GH) -0.4
-0.2 -874.4156530704

B) Wind Parallel To The Ridge ( 90o)

Direction Cpe Cpi Pressure (KN/m2)
0.2 -757.8268993277
Wind ward(EF) -0.72
-0.2 -1340.7706680413
0.2 -582.9437687136
Lee ward(GH) -0.6
-0.2 -1165.8875374272

Hence Wind Pressure -1.3407707 KN/m2

-0.2914719 KN/m2

LOADING PARAMETERS

Live Load 0.75 KN/m2

Reduced Live Load 0.59 KN/m2
Dead Load 0.2 KN/m2

LOADING ON PURLINS
Spacing between purlins 0.88 m
Dead load 0.176 KN/m
Live Load 0.5192 KN/m
Wind Load -1.1798782 KN/m Upwind
-0.2564953 KN/m Upwind
mwork , etc.
ls, communication Tower,
Pressure (KN/m2) roof ang alpha wind angle theta
-524.6493918422 20 -0.4
-1107.5931605558 18 -0.48
-291.4718843568 30 0
-874.4156530704

Pressure (KN/m2)
-757.8268993277
-1340.7706680413
-582.9437687136
-1165.8875374272
Height k2
0 0.98
4.3 0.98
10 0.98
roof ang a wind angle theta
10 -0.8
18 -0.72
20 -0.7
Design of Bolted Gusseted Base with Axial Load and Moment

Grade of Concrete M 25
Bearing Strength of concrete = 0.45* f ck 11.25 N/mm2
Grade pf Steel Fe 250
fy 250 N/mm2
fu 410 N/mm2
fub 400 N/mm2
Member from which the load is tranferred ISNB 165.1
Thickness of flange ( tf ) 4.8 mm
Partial Safety Factor for Materials
Resistance,governed by yeilding( gm0 ) 1.1
Resistance of member to buckling ( gm0 ) 1.1
Resistance, governed by ultimate stress ( gm0 ) 1.25

Resistance of connection: Shop Fabrication Field Fabrication

i) Bolts-Friction Type ( gmf ) 1.25 1.25
ii) Bolts-Bearing Type ( gmb ) 1.25 1.25
iii) Rivets ( gmr ) 1.25 1.25
iv) Welds ( gmw ) 1.25 1.5

Design Compressive Load (P) 95 KN

Design Bending Moment (M) 0 KN-m

Eccentricty, ( e ) = M 0 mm
P

Provide Two Cleat Angles of specification ISA 100x65x8 mm

Height = 0 mm
Length = 0 mm
Thickness = 0 mm
Area of Base Plate Required = P 8444.444 mm2
0.45*fck

Length of base plate 91.89366 mm

Provide Length of Base Plate ( L ) = 400 mm

Now,
e 0 (e/L) < (1/6)
L

Now ,
We know when (e/L) < (1/6)

Pressure distribution = P(1+((6*e)/L))

LB

This pressure distribution should not be greater than bearing strength of concrete

Equating Bearing Strength with the pressure distribution formula

We get,

Breadth of Base Plate = 21.11111 mm

Provide Base Plate breadth ( B ) = 400 mm
Provided size of Base Plate (L x B )= 400 x 400 mm
Area of base plate ( A ) = 160000 mm2
Elastic Section Modulous (Ze) 10666667 mm3

Projection from end of angle to end of base plate ( Lp) 117.45 mm

Now,
Maximum Pressure = (P/A) + (M/Ze) 0.59375 < 11.25N/mm2 OK
Minimum Pressure = (P/A) - (M/Ze) 0.59375 N/mm2

Critical Distance where the moment is acting ( c ) 117.45 mm

Pressure at the critical section ( Px) 0.59375 N/mm2

Moment at critical section ( Mc ) = bb*Zp*fy
= 4095.243 N-mm
gm0
where, bb = 1
Zp = b*t2
6

Moment carrying capacity ( Md ) = 1.2*fy*Ze

gm0
where, Ze = b*t2
6

Equating Mc and Md,

Required thickness of base plate 9.491857 mm
Provide Thickness of Base Plate ( tb ) 10 >tf= 4.8 mm OK

Dimension of Base Plate

Number of plates 2
L= 400 mm
B= 400 mm
tb = 10 mm

BOLTED CONNECTION ( Check For Shear Force )

Shear Force ( F ) 375 KN
Assume Dia of Bolts ( d ) = 24 mm
Dia of Holes ( d0 ) = 26 mm
Design Shear Strength Bolt (Vdsb) = Anb*(fub/√3) 65.1923 KN
gmb

Minimum Edge Distance = 1.5*dia of hole (d 0) 39 mm

Provide Edge distance ( e ) = 40.8 mm

Minimum Pitch = 2.5 * dia of bolt ( d ) 60 mm

Provide pitch ( p ) = 100 mm

e p fub
Kb = min of ( or -0.25 or or 1 )
3*do 3*do fu

Kb = 0.523077

Now,
Design Bearing Strength of Bolt ( Vdpb ) = 2.5 *Kb * d * t * fu 102.9415 KN
gmb

Strength of Bolt = min ( Vdsb or Vdpb ) 65.1923 KN

Assuming complete bearing, so 50% of axial load is transferred to base plate and
another 50% will be transferred through angle connection

Number of Bolts ( n ) = P 1.457227 nos.

Bolt value

Provide number of bolts ( n ) 4 nos

Providing configuration such that there are Two bolts in 1 row.
ANCHOR BOLT FOR UPLIFT ( From N. Subramaniam )

Uplift ( Nu ) 180 KN

Nu = k * sqrt(fck) * (heff)^1.5 ACI 318-2005

where
k= 13.5 for post installed anchors and 15.5 for cast insitu headed studs and headed anchor bolts
k 15.5
heff = embedment length

heff = 1.753801895 m
heff = 1753.801895 mm

This length is required if 1 bolt is provided

We have provided 4 nos

So,
heff for 4 nos of bolt 440 mm

So, provide 4 nos. 24 mm dia 450 mm long anchor bolts

nd headed anchor bolts

long anchor bolts