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Pe r s o n a l Re s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r S a f e t y
website www.stepchangeinsafety.net
email info@stepchangeinsafety.net
telephone 01224 881272
Guidance
fax 01224 882350
address P.O. Box 10406, Aberdeen AB12 3YL

marine
safety forum
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE INITIATIVE
Serious accidents and dangerous occurrences continue to happen on our offshore installations and onshore sites during
routine operations. Analysis indicates that not following procedures and lack of risk awareness are contributory factors
in many cases. Initiatives taken to date delivered improvements in health and safety performance but have not achieved
the desired incident reduction. A behavioural approach which actively engages everyone through personal responsibility
is seen as the principal way forward.

Personal Responsibility for Safety (PRfS) will assist us to achieve an advanced safety culture in which everyone, regardless
of position, accepts responsibility and plays an active role in improving the safety of his or her immediate environment.
In this culture all personnel think about the tasks they are about to undertake, assess and mitigate any risks, actively look
after themselves, their colleagues and others, always intervene when unsafe behaviours or conditions are observed and
share their knowledge and experience freely.

Many companies have excellent safety practices and a number of the necessary building blocks for PRfS, however few
have ALL of the processes AND the management alignment and focus that is needed to fully develop and sustain
personal responsibility for safety.

In our industry companies do not work in isolation and the resulting interdependency of many companies coming
together to work on a single project creates additional challenges. Each company will have its own safety management
system, incorporating policies and procedures and most companies will additionally be engaged in a number of safety
improvement initiatives. When working together on major projects, interfaces between each of the parties safety
management systems will normally be established to avoid conflict. On short term projects some of the parties may be
expected to work under another company’s system. We must recognise that a significant proportion of the offshore
workforce will be engaged in short term assignments on many different installations and the diverse systems and cultures
encountered can create confusion and may stifle proactive safety behaviour.

A solution to this dilemma is to harmonise the basic support systems through industry wide adoption of the key processes
incorporated in this PRfS Guidance. This PRfS Guidance document is a collaborative effort which has pulled together
good practice identified within our industry to provide all of the components required to comprehensively support PRfS.

In addition to harmonised support this document also details the desired personal actions and behaviours that are
required throughout our industry and which this consistent framework will facilitate and sustain. It is recognised that
processes and documentation alone will not achieve the health and safety improvement we desire. Key to the success
of this initiative is engagement and this Guidance will be complemented by an ongoing promotional campaign to
maximise participation.
HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT
The implementation of Personal Responsibility for Safety (PRfS) must be tackled in a structured way. If we want personnel
to consistently exhibit the “right” behaviours we must provide a support structure which ensures the right level of support
and encouragement. A change in behaviour requires consistent reinforcement and practice and it is all too easy to
inadvertently stop this evolution through inconsistent management action, loss of focus or the sending of mixed messages.

This Guidance is made up of the following 9 elements:-

1. Clear Expectations
2. Effective Communication
3. Personal Leadership
4. Personal Risk Awareness
5. Planning
6. The Right and Duty To Intervene
7. Accountability
8. Self Evaluation
9. Develop, Encourage and Sustain Safe Behaviours

The elements are each divided in two distinct parts. The first part is Personal Requirements (or the desired personal actions
and behaviours) and the second part is the Support Systems (or the systems and processes which need to be in place).

This document contains some duplication between elements which has been deliberately retained so that if the Guidance
is being used to address a particular area of weakness, it is not essential to review the whole publication.

This Guidance is intended to be used as a reference document and tool kit by Company Leadership and HSE Professionals.
An Overview of Personal Responsibility for Safety has also been developed to introduce the initiative to the industry (PRfS
Overview).

The CD Rom which accompanies this Guidance contains a PRfS Gap Analysis Tool / System Checklist which can be used
to assess the integrity of the existing support system within your organisation. There are also two maturity matrices which
can be used to assess the current maturity level within your organisation. One of these matrices can be used by an
individual or group to assess their alignment with PRfS and the other can be used to assess the maturity of the organisation
overall.

The Guidance Document also contains reference material* which the PRfS work group has identified as “good practice”
(the practice exists, is working, and is already delivering results within one of the companies involved in our industry).
This “good practice” can be adopted “as is” or modified to fit within a company’s existing systems.

This document is not intended to be distributed to all personnel within the industry.

To support industry wide engagement roll out materials will be supplied to assist you in communicating the right messages
to your staff. Part of this will be regular promotions on key elements. The PRfS Work Group has recognised that additional
analysis will be required to identify where the biggest change in behaviour is needed. From this analysis scheduled
campaigns will be implemented to address these specific areas using a range of engagement methodologies and
media. In this way we will prevent overload or initiative fatigue and achieve progressive behaviour change.

* All reference material has been provided in good faith by the contributing companies. No liability is accepted by the contributing
companies for the use of or reference to any part of this material.
1. CLEAR EXPECTATIONS
PERSONAL REQUIREMENTS
· Make safety as important as any other personal priority (make it a big deal)
· Ensure you know what is expected of you and your colleagues
· Follow the rules and procedures and encourage colleagues to do the same (doing the job right is more efficient that
rushing)
· Ensure that you live up to the safety standards you expect of others
· Communicate what you expect of others and check their understanding of your message
· Help create a culture of safety within your organisation
· Play your part to create a safe and healthy working environment

SUPPORT SYSTEMS
The organisation should:-

1.1 Provide a policy which clearly requires all personnel to intervene in the interest of safety and for this to be positively
supported by all levels of the organisation. (Reference 1)

1.2 Provide an induction process which provides clear expectations for all employees and contractors and includes:-
a) Familiarisation with the company HSE policy, rules and procedures (Reference 2)
b) The Industry Common Induction Process (Reference 3)
c) Clear job related responsibilities and accountabilities with respect to safety (Reference 4)
d) Familiarisation with the personal requirements listed within the nine elements of this guidance document

1.3 Provide clear simple rules and procedures which are suitable and sufficient for the task and cover the following
points:-
a) Clear communication of all safety principles and those rules that are common to all employees.
(Reference 5)
b) Development of task specific safety guidelines which support safe job execution. (Reference 6)

1.4 Communicate the positive and negative consequences associated with the safety rules and guidelines (direct
and indirect consequences for the individual, for his/her work colleagues, for his/her family, for the organisation
and the industry). (Reference 7)

1.5 All rules and procedures are periodically reviewed and revised to be current and reflect any learning

1.6 Encourage documented personal safety commitments for all employees and contractors and establish a review
process to ensure that these are met through:-
a) Providing a standard framework to promote alignment and which includes review of progress and
accomplishments required by the personal safety commitment. (Reference 8)
b) Management at all levels sharing their personal safety commitments with their teams and each employee
being encouraged to share their personal safety commitments with their colleagues.

1.7 Include an improvement plan with measurable targets which encourages Personal Responsibility for Safety and
includes:-
a) Performance of a gap analysis against the PRfS guidance to establish areas for improvement. (Reference 9)
b) Incorporation within the Company HSE improvement plans of the identified areas for improvement from the
PRfS gap analysis.
2. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
PERSONAL REQUIREMENTS
· Where possible use face to face communication
· Remember to listen and ask open questions
· Check understanding and where appropriate agree actions
· Be sincere and be sure your actions and body language consistently support what you are saying (Remember the
messages you communicate will be much stronger if you are seen to have a strong personal belief in safety).
· Choose the correct time, place and media to get the message across

SUPPORT SYSTEMS
The organisation should endeavour to ensure that communication is two way and messages are fully understood by all
personnel by adopting the following principles:-

2.1 The identification and communication of solutions rather than problems should be encouraged. (Reference 10)

2.2 Communications should be in clear and concise language avoiding jargon and abbreviations

2.3 Face to face communication should be encouraged.

2.4 The reasons for change should be explained and employee and contractor input collected and considered.

2.5 The provision of timely and effective feedback on positive and negative issues raised.

2.6 A questioning approach should be encouraged and with open feedback and no fear of retribution

2.7 A clearly visible schedule for regular site visits by line and senior management to communicate with employees
(Reference 11)

2.8 Reflection time at the end of meetings to confirm “What We Have Learned”
3. PERSONAL LEADERSHIP
PERSONAL REQUIREMENTS
· Lead by example, be consistent and follow procedures
· Recognise safe behaviour, give praise and say thank you where deserved
· Have courage to do the right thing and do not tolerate unsafe behaviour
· Demonstrate personal commitment to safety at work and at home
· Believe that you can make a difference and follow up commitments
· Be enthusiastic, open and take time to interact on safety matters
· Give and welcome feedback
· Even when facing conflicting priorities maintain your safety standards
· Openly share your personal safety commitments

SUPPORT SYSTEMS
The organisation should provide:-

3.1 Senior management commitment to incorporate PRfS throughout its systems.

3.2 Appropriate funding and resources to effectively support PRfS.

3.3 Training that supports the development of appropriate safety leadership and behavioural skills for all personnel
(Reference 12)

3.4 A process to recognise outstanding safety performance and provide appropriate responses to unacceptable
behaviours. (Reference 13)

3.5 A process that encourages all employees and contractors to document their Personal Safety Commitments and
review them on a regular basis. (Reference 8)

3.6 A mechanism to ensure openness and integrity of reporting without fear of repercussion. (Reference 14)

3.7 Encouragement for continued safe behaviours at home through education and/or practical support. (Reference
15)

3.8 A process to incorporate key safety leadership behaviours in its appraisal programme and provide mentoring
where needed. (Reference 16)
4. PERSONAL RISK AWARENESS
PERSONAL REQUIREMENTS
· Get involved in discussions about risks on the job, questioning anything you do not understand
· Share your experiences with others and encourage them to do the same
· Get involved in practical work site inspections and always stay aware of your surroundings
· Even when undertaking a routine activity that you believe is safe always consider the consequences of the worst
possible outcomes (personal, family, company, legal etc) and act in a way that reduces the risk.
· Practice your observation skills away from the workplace
· Continually assess the potential influence of changes to the operation
· Be aware that alcohol and drugs may impair risk perception

SUPPORT SYSTEMS
The organisation should:-

4.1 Provide relevant risk assessment and observation skills training for all personnel which includes:-
a) A risk assessment process aligned with the Step Change Task Risk Assessment Guidance. (Reference 6)
b) A process to communicate hazards associated with the work environment. (Reference 17)
c) Relevant training for all offshore, workshop and warehouse personnel in the task risk assessment process.
(Reference 19)
d) Basic observation skills training to assist personnel to identify the hazards associated with their work environment.
(Reference 20)

4.2 Facilitate the capture and sharing of information and best practice with regard to personal risks through:-
a) A system that captures, documents and shares information on company specific worksite hazards. (Reference
18)
b) Ensuring that individuals only work within their capabilities and competencies
c) A system that captures, documents and shares information on common industry hazards. (Reference 21).
d) Encouraging team members to share their knowledge of new and existing hazards and control measures.
(Reference 22)

4.3 Provide a process for raising risk awareness outside the workplace that involves:-
a) Encouraging employees to share their learning of risks that exist outside the workplace. (Reference 23).
b) Encouraging employees to share their learning of worksite risks that apply outwith the workplace. (Reference
24)
c) Campaigns and promotional activities to highlight common hazards outside the workplace. (Reference 25)

4.4 Assign experienced personnel to inexperienced, new or transferred personnel to share their knowledge and
experience on job/site specific risks.
5. PLANNING
PERSONAL REQUIREMENTS
· When planning ensure input from all involved, consider any limitations, ensure you have the time and resources to
do the job safely and request help where needed
· Take time to fully familiarise yourself with the safety aspects of the agreed scope of work and question any areas that
are not completely clear to you
· Understand your interaction with other people involved in the plan
· Where changes to the plan occur stop work safely and take time to reassess the situation
· Look for improvement opportunities whilst conducting the job and provide feedback for inclusion in future plans

SUPPORT SYSTEMS
The organisation should provide:-

5.1 A planning process which requires the participation of the personnel involved in the task.
5.2 Clear work instructions which outline individual responsibilities

5.3 Information relative to work activities that is easily accessible and will allow comprehensive planning. (Reference
26)

5.4 Adequate time for proper planning

A simple and effective Change Management process (Reference 27)

5.5 A process to capture learning and ensure this is incorporated in the plan
6. THE RIGHT AND DUTY TO INTERVENE
PERSONAL REQUIREMENTS
· Believe you can make a difference and have the courage to challenge unsafe acts
· Lead by example and take action (think about the consequences of turning a blind eye and remember you have
a right and moral duty to intervene)
· Welcome interventions from others and accept them in a positive manner
· Intervene in a way which is positive, constructive and considerate
· Intervene to learn and to praise positive and safe behaviours as well as to challenge unsafe behaviours

SUPPORT SYSTEMS
The organisation should provide:-

6.1 A policy that requires all employees and contractors to intervene in the interests of safety and for their actions
to be supported at all levels within the organisation (Reference 1)

6.2 A clearly communicated requirement for all individuals to accept constructive intervention in a positive manner.
(Reference 28)

6.3 An observation and intervention programme which requires and facilitates workforce feedback and provides
visibility of actions taken. (Reference 29)

6.4 Training in constructive intervention skills where needed (Reference 30)

6.5 Recognition for proactive intervention (Reference 31)

7. ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL REQUIREMENTS
· Follow the rules, they are there to keep you safe
· Take responsibility and ownership for safety in the environments that you live and work in
· Take action and offer solutions to prevent accidents
· Take time to think about the positive and negative consequences of the actions of yourself and your colleagues
· Have the confidence to stop any job that you believe cannot be completed safely
· Be a positive influence on others and set a good example

SUPPORT SYSTEMS

7.1 The organisation should provide clear and concise safety rules and guidelines. These should be effectively rolled
out and the consequences of unacceptable safety behaviour clearly identified. (Reference 32)

7.2 The organisation should apply a fair and consistent response to unacceptable safety behaviour which is focused
on behavioural improvement through training, coaching and as a final resort disciplinary action (Reference 33).
8. SELF EVALUATION
PERSONAL REQUIREMENTS
· Write down your personal commitments to safety on an annual basis and share them with colleagues, include
measurable targets.
· Periodically check how you are doing against your commitments
· Ask for feedback from others who work with you and be prepared to give feedback to others
· Use feedback generated to guide self improvement

SUPPORT SYSTEMS
The organisation should:-

8.1 Provide guidance to assist personnel with the development of their personal safety commitments which includes:-
a) A standard framework to assist employees to prepare their personal safety commitments. (Reference 8)
b) A requirement for personal commitments to support industry, organisation and personal goals and objectives
and to be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time based.
c) Provision of a mechanism to inform all employees of shared industry and organisational goals. (Reference 34)
d) Encouraging personnel to share their personal commitments with peers and line manager.
e) Assistance from Line management/supervision

8.2 Encourage all personnel to have personal safety commitments incorporating clear targets to provide a reference
point for personal evaluation (Reference 8)

8.3 Include an appraisal process to provide feedback to the individual and which can be linked to self improvement
plans including a review of personal safety commitments (ideally part of 360 deg appraisal process). (Reference
35)
9. DEVELOP, ENCOURAGE AND SUSTAIN SAFE BEHAVIOURS
PERSONAL REQUIREMENTS
· Start every day by thinking of how you can keep yourself and others safe and make continuous improvement a
personal goal
· Make Risk Recognition a Habit and having identified risks always implement actions to overcome them
· Consistently do things the safe way at work and at home
· Provide feedback and encouragement on things that work and constructive criticism for things that don’t
· Explain why the rules and procedures are there
· Share good practice and intervene to change bad practice.
· Give and act on positive and negative feedback
· Continually look for opportunities to learn from others
· Keep communicating the benefits of sustained safety

SUPPORT SYSTEMS
The organisation should:-

9.1 Define and provide examples of safe behaviours and encourage their consistent application through:-
a) Establishing compliance with safety principles and rules as a core company value.
b) Actively encouraging safe behaviours such as:- Stopping unsafe acts; reporting unsafe conditions; responding
to changes in operations by reassessing risks; always using the appropriate personal protective equipment;
recognising and praising safety contributions; sharing knowledge and experience of risks; practising hazard
recognition.
c) Encouraging and supporting everyone to participate in safety improvement and giving recognition to positive
participation and proactive safe behaviours. (Consideration should also be given to team building approaches
that improve working relationships and support safe behaviours). (Reference 12)

9.2 Assess training and coaching needs with respect to safe behaviours. (Training and coaching should be provided
to close any gap identified for new and existing employees).
9.3 Establish within the organisation, mechanisms which provide the opportunity for all employees and contractors
to contribute to the improvement of safety and as a minimum include:-
a) Processes to provide timely feedback to the originator on agreed actions.
b) Consideration of the following mechanisms:-
Toolbox Talks (Reference 36)
Time out for Safety (Reference 37)
Safety Observation Programmes (Reference 20)
Advanced Safety Audit (Reference 12)
Task Risk Assessment Process
Safety Representatives, Committees & Meetings
Diagonal Slice Safety Meetings
Behaviour Based Safety Programmes (Reference 29)
Safety Suggestion Schemes (Reference 38)
Safety Alerts
“Safety Moments”
Safety Improvement Teams
Management Site Visits
Management Reviews
Personal Safety Commitments
>>>
 c) Establish within the organisation, mechanisms which provide the opportunity for all personnel to contribute to
the improvement of safety.
d) Recognition and communication of both the personal and business benefits of improving the safety environment.

9.4 Encourage campaigns to promote safe behaviours out with the workplace, which could include:-

a) Advice on Home Safety, Fire Safety, Driving Safety, Home Security, Leisure Safety;
b) Provision of First Aid Kits, Personal Protective Equipment, Electrical Safety Devices for home use
c) Provision of support to schools, colleges and local community.

9.5 To stimulate continuous awareness and involvement

a) Periodic climate/culture surveys are used to gauge workforce perceptions of the effectiveness of PRfS.
(Reference 39)
b) Conduct regular analysis of key safety data with trends established and communicated. Action tracking
systems should be visible and accessible.
REFERENCES
Reference 1 Exxon Mobil Production Workplace Safety Charter
Global Sante Fe Health & Safety Policy
Talisman Health Safety & Environmental Policy
Reference 2 Step Change in Safety (SCIS) - Employing Company Induction Process
Global Santa Fe Employing Company Induction Process
Shell Employing Company Induction Overview
Reference 3 SCIS - Common Induction Process
SCIS Common Induction Process Diagram
Reference 4 Transocean General Organisation Roles & Responsibilities
Transocean Offshore Position Description – Driller
Transocean Offshore Position Description – Roustabout
Transocean Onshore Position Description – Receptionist
Global Sante Fe OIM Job Description
Global Sante Fe Safety & Environmental Job Description
Reference 5 Chevron Texaco - Safety Rules and Principles
Reference 6 SCIS – Task Risk Assessment Guidance
Reference 7 Consequences Associated with Safety Rules & Guidelines
Reference 8 SCIS Personal Safety Commitment Guidelines
Sparrows Personal Safety Contract
Woodgroup Personal Safety Performance Contract
Reference 9 PRfS Gap Analysis Tool / Systems Checklist
PRfS Maturity Matrix (Company)
PRfS Maturity Matrix (Personal)
Reference 10 Proposed Solutions
Reference 11 Total HSE Leadership Visit Record
Reference 12 SPE Paper on Advanced Safety Leadership Programme
BP/Shell Safety Leadership Expectations
SCIS/IADC Safety Leadership Training Syllabus
Conoco “Attaboy” Process
Reference 13 Recognition & Response to Safety Behaviours
Reference 14 Support for Proactive Safety Behaviour
Reference 15 KBR HOSAT (Home & Office Safety Awareness Team)
Reference 16 Recognising Safety Leadership Behaviours
Reference 17 KCA Deutag Toolbox Risk Identification Card
Schlumberger Task Hazard Analysis Prompt Card
Reference 18 Expro Site Inspection Checklist
Noble Personal Risk Assessment Checklist
Apache Personal Risk Assessment Checklist
Reference 19 WSCA Risk Assessment Minimum Safety Training Guidance
Reference 20 SCIS Look This Way Safety Observation System Guidance
Reference 21 SCIS SADIE Database
http://step.steel-sci.org/SADIE/main_sadie_fs.htm
SCIS SADIE Data Entry Process
List of other websites with safety alerts/notices
Reference 22 Encourage Hazard Information Sharing I
Reference 23 Halliburton Safety Moment
Reference 24 Encourage Hazard Information Sharing II
Reference 25 List of websites with relevant hazard information
Reference 26 Information for Comprehensive Planning
Reference 27 Change Management
Sparrows Change Management process
Talisman Change Management process
Reference 28 Shell Performance Through HSE
Shell Performance Through HSE – Self Assessment
Shell Performance Through HSE – Implementation Plan
Reference 29 GSF - FOCUS I
GSF - FOCUS II
CNR - Murchsafer
ASCO Advanced Safety Auditing – Auditor Guidance
Halliburton BBS Behaviour Based Observations & Feedback Process
Reference 30 AMEC Safety Watch The Key Steps
Reference 31 Shell - Brent OSCARS
Reference 32 BP - Golden Rules
Shell Performance Through HSE
Reference 33 Total Just Culture
Reference 34 Shared Industry & Organisational Goals
Reference 35 Shell/BP Advanced Safety Leadership 360 deg Assessment
Reference 36 Expro Tool Box Risk Assessment Card
Ensco JSA Risk Assessment Prompt Card
Reference 37 Time Out For Safety (TOFS) Process
Reference 38 BJ Services SHE Suggestion Form
Reference 39 H&SE Climate Survey
SCIS Changing Minds – select relevant pages
Hearts & Minds (Understanding your Culture)
PRfS Process for Creating Major Change

Other References
HSE Leadership for the major hazard
HSE A guide to risk assessment requirements
HSE Offshore Safety Notices - http://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/notices/sn_index.htm
BG Act Safely Booklet
BP My Key to Office HSE
Kvaerner Work Safe Cards
Kvaerner Work Safe Presentation
Marathon Safety Brae Bravo Beacon Newsletter
Maersk Take Two
PRfS Personal Evaluation Questionnaire (this document can be used to introduce and gauge PRfS at roll out meetings).
Schlumberger QHSE Objectives (employee)
Step Change Leadership Performance Indicators
Step Change Fatality Report
Step Change Fatality Report Presentation
Total Employee SHE Objectives
Woodgroup/BP Work Safely Prompt Card
NOTES
NOTES