International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net
SOLAR-WIND HYBRID POWER GENERATION SYSTEM
Bharat Raj Singh1, Bal Krishna Dubey2
1,2B.tech Students, Department of Electrical and Electronics, KIET Group of Institutions,
Ghaziabad-201206, Uttar Pradesh
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Abstract – In today’s technology driven world electricity is
one of the foremost thing for our day to day life activities. As
we all are oblivious of the fact that the renewable sources of
energy are depleting at a lightning fast rate. So it’s time for us
to shift the focus from conventional to non-conventional
sources of energy to produce electricity. The output of the
electricity produced by non-conventional sources is less than
their counterparts. Renewable sources do not have any
detrimental effect on the environment. Solar-wind hybrid
system is basically an integration of solar plant and a wind
energy plant. It will help in providing the uninterrupted power
supply. As during bad weather conditions the production can
be shifted from one plant to other with the help of a
microcontroller. A microcontroller ensures the optimum
utilization of resources and it also increases the efficiency of
the combined system as compared to the individual mode of
generation. It helps in decreasing the dependence on one
single source and makes the system more reliable. The hybrid
system can be used for both industrial and domestic
applications.
Key Words: Solar Energy, Wind Energy, PV Cell, Renewable
Energy, Hybrid Power System, Electricity.
1. INTRODUCTION
We require electricity for operating almost all the appliances
we use in our day to day life. So it has become an
indispensable part of our life. Now there are two ways to
produce electricity first by using non-renewable sources of
energy and second by renewable sources of energy. With
increase in population and advancement of technology,
consumption of electricity is also increasing exponentially.
Simultaneously, we have to increase the production of
electricity also in order to meet the demands of growing
population. The biggest disadvantage with the usage of
conventional resources is that their usage causes pollution
due to the production of various pollutants like ash in case of
a coal power plant, smoke in case of diesel power plant,
radioactive material in case of nuclear power plant.
Maintaining these pollutants is not an easy task and it also
requires a lot of money. So we have to find some other
methods to produce electricity. The best possible way is by
using non-conventional sources of energy. Out of all the
possible options available in non-conventional sources of
energy, solar and wind are the best methods. As tidal energy
can be used only on the sea shores, ocean thermal energy
can used in the middle of the sea and its setup is also very
difficult. While solar and wind are available in all the areas of
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the world and setting up their power plant is also not a
cumbersome task. The availability of solar energy is a major
concern, as it is available for around 8 hours in a day, on the
other hand wind is available almost for 24 hours. But we can
do one thing to make up for that problem by integrating
these two together. During foul weather conditions one of
them can be used while during normal weather both can be
operated together. So in this paper we will be describing a
solar-wind hybrid power system.
1.1 Solar Energy
Solar energy is that energy which we get from the sun in
form of radiation. It does not cause any kind of pollution, it is
inexhaustible. It is available free of cost. Specially, in a
country like India where sun shines for almost 300 days in a
year, it is therefore a convenient mode of electricity
production. Meager amount of investment is involved in
setting up a solar power plant and also it is quite easy to
maintain. The efficiency of the system is also quite good. Long
life span and less emission of pollutants are its major
advantages.
1.2 Wind Energy
When air flows then it is having some kinetic energy with
it which is known as wind energy. This kinetic energy is
converted into mechanical energy by the wind turbine,
which is used to rotate the shaft of the generator and then
electricity is produced. The cost of generation of electricity is
quite less. The initial investment of the system varies
depending on the type of turbine used. The best part about
producing electricity with the help of wind energy is that
wind is available for almost 24 hours in day, so there will not
be any discontinuous production of electricity. The output
varies with the speed of the wind.
1.3 Hybrid Systems
Now we have become even more interested in usage of
renewable energy sources as an alternative method of
producing electricity. Hybrid systems are basically an
integration of solar panels and wind turbine, the output of
this combination is used to charge batteries, this stored
energy can then be transmitted to local power stations. In this
system wind turbine can be used to produce electricity when
wind is available and solar energy panels are used when solar
radiations are available. Power can be generated by both the
sections at the same time also. The usage of batteries is to
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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

provide uninterrupted power supply. This system requires

high initial investment. But the reliability, long-life span and
less maintenance make up for that disadvantage. The power
output of the wind turbine is AC which is converted to DC
with the help of a rectifier. The voltage can be stepped up or
stepped down with the help of a ‘SEPIC’ converter which uses
MOSFET switching. The microcontroller is used in the system
to control the switching between the converters with the help
of a driver circuit. A CUK converter is used to control the
power supply of solar panels.

FIG-2: SOLAR CELL

2.2 Wind Turbine

Wind is a renewable source of energy. A wind turbine is used

to convert the kinetic energy of the wind into electric. The
generator connected to the shaft of the blades converts the
mechanical energy to electric energy. The wind turbine is of
two types depending upon the rotating axis of the blades, first
is vertical axis wind turbine and horizontal axis wind turbine.
The output of the turbine depends on the speed of the wind.
Fig-1: Block Diagram a hybrid system The power generated by the turbine is fluctuating. In order to
obtain continuous supply of power first the electricity is
stored in a battery unit and then it is transferred to the load.
2. COMPONENTS USED:

2.1 Solar Panels

A solar cell is used to convert solar energy into electric

energy, it is also known as photovoltaic cell. It is a p-n
junction diode which consist of two different layers of a semi-
conductor material called as n and p region, n region is
heavily doped and is thin while p region is lightly doped and
is thick. The radiation falling on the surface of p-n junction
diode can pass through the n side. Most of the depletion
region is contained in the p region which is lightly doped. The
extent to which the n region can be penetrated is decided by
the wavelength of the falling radiation. Electron–hole pairs
are generated in the n and p region, due to the difference in
potential the electrons move to the n region and holes
towards the p region. The current starts flowing when an
external load is connected to the terminals of the n and p
regions. To make a solar panel multiple solar cells are
connected in series and parallel combinations, they are
connected in such a way that the output obtained is additive Fig 3:- Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
in nature.
2.3 Batteries

The batteries are used in order to store the electricity that is

produced from wind and solar energy. The capacity of battery
may vary depending on the size of wind turbine or solar
power plant. Battery should be having low maintenance and
charge leakage should also be low. Considering all these
parameters free discharge type is the best option available.
Multiple batteries can be connected in series and parallel to

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
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increase or decrease the capacity of the battery, depending by the wind turbine. Mathematically, it can be represented
upon the output from the hybrid systems. as,

2.4 Inverter PT = NW * Pw +Ns * PS

As we know that most of the electrical appliances require AC Where,

voltage, so first the DC output of the batteries will be Total power generated= PT
converted into AC voltage with the help of an inverter and Power generated by wind turbines= PW
then it will be transferred to the loads. The inverter must be Power generated by solar panels= PS
having over voltage protection, reverse polarity and short No. of wind turbine = NW
circuit protection. No of solar panels used= NW

2.5 Microcontroller A. Calculations for wind energy:

The function of microcontroller is to compare the input of the
both the power systems and then it operates the relay used,
in order to charge the batteries. The DC voltage used in the
batteries is converted to AC with the help of an inverter. To
the secondary winding of the center tapped transformer used
a MOSFET is connected. To make the current flowing in the
primary winding alternative in nature a MOSFET is triggered
at alternate intervals and in this manner way we get the AC
current in the primary winding of the center tapped
transformer.
The power generated by wind energy is given by,
Power = (density of air * swept area * velocity cubed)/2
PW = ½. ρ (AW) (V) 3
Where,
P is power in watts (W)
ρ is the air density in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³)
AW is the swept area by air in square meters (m²) V
is the wind speed in meters per second (m/s).

3. Hybrid Energy Systems B. Calculations for solar energy

To determine the size of PV modules, the required energy

3.1 Block Diagram
consumption must be estimated. Therefore, the power is
calculated as

PS = Ins (t) * AS*Eff(pv)

Where,
Ins (t) = isolation at time t (kw/ m2)
AS = area of single PV panel (m2)
Effpv = overall efficiency of the PV panels and dc/dc
converters.
Overall efficiency is given by,

Eff(pv)= H * PR
Where,
H = Annual average solar radiation on tilted panels.
PR = Performance ratio, coefficient for losses.

C. Cost

Fig -4: Hybrid Systems
Now the required amount of electricity can be produced
depending on the environmental conditions, by using two
systems at the same time or by using only one, according to
the conditions pertaining at that point of time.
4. Proposed Calculations
Overall power generated by system is the summation of the
power generated by the solar PV panel and power generated
The total cost of the solar-wind hybrid energy system is
depend upon the total no of wind turbines used and total no
of solar panels used. Therefore the total cost is given as
follows
Total cost= (No. of Wind Turbine * Cost of single Wind
Turbine) + (No. of Solar Panels * Cost of single Solar Panel) +
(No. of Batteries used in Battery Bank * Cost of single
Battery)
CT = (NW * CWT) + (NS * CSP) + (NB * CB)

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net
Where,
CT is the total cost in Rs
CWT is the cost of single wind turbine
CSP is the cost of single solar panel in Rs
CB is the Cost of single Battery in Rs
NW is the number of wind turbine used
NS is the number of solar panels used
NB is the number of Batteries used in Battery Bank.
5. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Fig-5: Experimental Setup
This is the model of solar-wind hybrid system, the power
developed by the system is transferred to the load as shown
in the figure. The output voltage and current of solar panel,
wind turbine, batteries and load are measured very precisely
and then the final results are calculated. Amount of power
produced and consumed are measured.
Solar-PV Wind hybrid power specifications are given
below.
PV Array Power = 20 watts
Wind turbine/generator = 3 W
System Voltage = 48V
Battery=12V
Inverter Rating (VA) 25
Output AC Wave form Sine-wave
Output AC Voltage (Vnom), +/-10% = 230 V/AC Output Ac
Frequency, Hertz, +/-0.5 % = 50 Hz.
6. CONCLUSIONS
Developing hybrid systems is one of the most convenient and
effective solution for producing electricity as compared to
non-renewable energy resources. It is not only less costly but
also it does not cause any harm to the environment. Another
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thing is that it can be used to generate electricity in hilly
areas, where it is quite difficult to transmit electricity by
conventional methods. Depending on the requirement its
setup can be decided. All the people in this world should be
motivated to use non-conventional resources to produce
electricity in order to make them self-reliable to some extent.
Long life span, less maintainence are some of its plus point. It
just requires some high initial investment.
7. REFERENCES
[1]. A. Adejumobi,S.G. Oyagbinrin, F. G. Akinboro & M.B.
Olajide, “Hybrid Solar and Wind Power: An Essential for
Information Communication Technology Infrastructure and
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October 2011, pp 130-138.
[2] Kavita Sharma, Prateek Haksar “Designing of Hybrid
Power Generation System using Wind Energy- Photovoltaic
Solar Energy- Solar Energy with Nanoantenna” Internationa
Journal of Engineering Research And Applications (IJERA)
Vol. 2, Issue 1,Jan-Feb 2012, pp.812-815 .
[3] Sandeep Kumar, Vijay Kumar Garg, “A Hybrid model of
Solar-Wind Power Generation System”, International Journal
of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and
Instrumentation Engineering (IJAREEIE), Vol. 2, Issue 8,
August 2013, pp. 4107-4016.
[4] International Journal of Electronic and Electrical
Engineering. ISSN 0974-2174, Volume 7, Number 5 (2014),
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http://www.irphouse.com Hybrid Renewable Energy
System: A
[5] Arjun A. K., Athul S., Mohamed Ayub, Neethu Ramesh,
and Anith Krishnan,” Micro-Hybrid Power Systems – A
Feasibility Study”, Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, Vol.
1, No. 1, January 2013,pp27-32.
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