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SP 1275
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part of this document may be disclosed to others or reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic recording or otherwise)
without prior written consent of the owner.
Specification and Criteria for Design of Civil & Building Works Version 2.0
Signed:.............................................................
Ali Nasser Al Jahadhamy, UIB/4 (UEB)
CFDH, Civil Engineering
The following is a brief summary of the recent revisions to this document. Details of all revisions
prior to these are held on file by the issuing department.
Version 1.0 June ‘04 Ali Nasser Al Jahadhamy, Converted to Specification as per PDO
TTO/2 (UEC) policy and minor changes to the text
Version 2.0 Dec ‘09 Ali Nasser Al Jahadhamy, Building design specifications updated
UIB/4 (UEB)
Contents
1.0 Introduction.............................................................................................................................1
1.1 Purpose..............................................................................................................................1
1.2 User Guidelines.................................................................................................................1
1.3 Changes to the Specification.............................................................................................1
1.4 Applicable Standards, Specifications and Codes..............................................................2
1.4.1 PDO Standards.................................................................................................2
1.4.2 Omani Standards..............................................................................................3
1.4.3 International Standards....................................................................................3
1.4.4 SIEP / Shell GSI Standards..............................................................................5
1.5 Compliance with Standards..............................................................................................6
2.0 Scope.......................................................................................................................................7
2.1 General..............................................................................................................................7
2.2 Units of Measurement.......................................................................................................7
2.3 Civil Design Requirements...............................................................................................8
2.3.1 Basic Information.............................................................................................8
2.3.2 Geotechnical Investigation...............................................................................8
2.3.2.1 Scope of Investigation.....................................................................................9
2.3.2.2 Geotechnical Investigation Report..................................................................9
2.3.3 Preliminary Civil Design...............................................................................10
2.3.4 Final Civil Design..........................................................................................11
2.3.5 Structural Design............................................................................................12
2.3.5.1 Steelwork.......................................................................................................12
2.3.5.2 Concrete.........................................................................................................13
2.3.5.3 Block Work....................................................................................................17
2.3.6 Engineering Drawings...................................................................................17
2.3.7 Design Requirements for Specific Buildings.................................................21
2.3.8 Design Requirements for Pipe Supports........................................................21
2.4 Design Loads...................................................................................................................21
2.4.1 Dead Loads.....................................................................................................21
2.4.2 Live Loads......................................................................................................22
2.4.3 Wind Loading.................................................................................................23
2.4.4 Seismic Loading.............................................................................................25
2.4.5 Design Loading For Crane Gantry Girders...................................................26
2.4.6 Dynamic Loads...............................................................................................26
2.4.7 Thermal Loads................................................................................................26
2.4.8 Blast loading...................................................................................................27
2.4.9 Load Combinations........................................................................................28
2.5 Climatic Aspects of Buildings.........................................................................................28
2.5.1 Climatic Design Criteria................................................................................28
2.5.2 Siting & Orientation.......................................................................................28
2.6 Means of Escape and Fire Protection..............................................................................32
2.7 Minimum Building Requirements..................................................................................33
2.7.1 PDO Buildings...............................................................................................33
2.7.1.1 Control Room Buildings...............................................................................33
2.7.1.2 PDO Office Buildings....................................................................................33
2.7.1.3 PDO Sleeping Accommodation.....................................................................34
2.7.1.4 PDO Ablution Requirements.........................................................................34
2.7.2 Contractors Buildings....................................................................................34
2.7.3 Permanent Accommodation for Contractors (PAC) Buildings......................35
2.7.3.1 SS Accommodation & Ablution Facilities....................................................35
2.7.3.2 JS/JE Accommodation & Ablution Facilities................................................35
2.7.2.3 Kitchen and Messing Facilities.....................................................................36
2.8 Building Elements and Finishes.....................................................................................43
2.8.1 Walls...............................................................................................................43
2.8.1.1 Structural Loading.........................................................................................43
2.8.1.2 Thermal Requirements..................................................................................44
2.8.1.3 Noise Requirements.......................................................................................44
2.8.1.4 Thermal Movements / Structural Freedom...................................................44
2.8.1.5 Economic Aspects..........................................................................................45
2.8.1.6 Wall Finishes.................................................................................................45
2.8.2 Floors..............................................................................................................45
2.8.2.1 External Floors & Hard standings................................................................45
2.8.2.2 Internal Floors...............................................................................................45
2.8.2.3 Floor Finishes................................................................................................46
2.8.3 Skirting...........................................................................................................46
2.8.4 Ceilings...........................................................................................................46
2.8.5 Doors...............................................................................................................46
2.8.6 Windows.........................................................................................................46
2.8.7 Ironmongery...................................................................................................47
2.9 Staircases and Platforms.................................................................................................47
2.9.1 Flow Capacities of Staircases.........................................................................47
2.9.2 Riser / Going Relationship.............................................................................48
2.9.3 Fire Rating for Structures...............................................................................51
2.10 Roofs.....................................................................................................................56
2.10.1 Thermal Requirement....................................................................................56
2.10.2 Water Discharge.............................................................................................56
2.10.3 Flat Roofs........................................................................................................56
2.10.4 Pitched Roofs..................................................................................................57
2.10.5 Roof Sheeting.................................................................................................57
2.11 Built-in-Furniture.................................................................................................58
2.12 Security.................................................................................................................58
2.12.1 Fencing and Gates..........................................................................................58
2.13 Paint Finish & Colour..........................................................................................60
2.13.1 External Surfaces............................................................................................61
2.13.2 Internal Surfaces.............................................................................................61
2.14 External Works.....................................................................................................61
2.14.1 Site Preparation..............................................................................................61
2.14.2 Landscaping...................................................................................................61
2.14.2.1 Hard Landscaping.......................................................................................62
2.14.2.2 Soft Landscaping.........................................................................................62
2.14.2.3 Screening Requirements..............................................................................62
2.14.3 Roads..............................................................................................................62
2.14.3.1 Internal Access Road...................................................................................62
2.14.3.2 External Access Roads................................................................................63
2.14.4 Car Parks........................................................................................................64
2.14.4.1 Standard Parking Layout.............................................................................64
2.14.4.2 Car Parks Construction...............................................................................64
2.14.4.3 Road Signs & Markings..............................................................................64
2.14.5 Materials Storage Yards.................................................................................73
2.14.6 Footpaths........................................................................................................73
2.14.6.1 Footpath Dimensions...................................................................................73
2.14.6.2 Footpath Construction.................................................................................73
2.15 Building Services Design Requirements.............................................................73
2.15.1 Manufacturers & Vendors..............................................................................74
2.15.2 Specification & Drawings..............................................................................74
2.15.3 As Built Drawings..........................................................................................74
2.15.4 External Services............................................................................................74
2.16 Air-Conditioning & Ventilation...........................................................................74
2.16.1 Design Criteria for Air Conditioning & Ventilation Works...........................75
2.16.1.1 Outdoor Conditions.....................................................................................75
2.16.1.2 Indoor Conditions........................................................................................76
2.16.1.3 Equipment Overcapacity.............................................................................76
2.16.2 Specialist Areas..............................................................................................76
2.16.2.1 Battery rooms...............................................................................................76
2.16.2.2 Control Rooms and Field Auxiliary Rooms................................................77
2.16.2.2 Electrical Substations & Switch Houses.....................................................77
2.16.2.3 Gas Bottle Stores.........................................................................................78
2.16.2.4 Kitchens.......................................................................................................78
2.16.2.5 Laboratories.................................................................................................78
2.16.2.6 Temporary Buildings...................................................................................79
2.16.3 Condensate Drains.........................................................................................79
2.16.4 Refrigerant Pipe work....................................................................................79
2.16.5 Automatic Shutdown......................................................................................79
Appendices...............................................................................................................................110
Appendix A: Glossary of Definitions & Abbreviations......................................................111
A.1 General Definitions & Terminology..................................................................111
A.2 Abbreviations.....................................................................................................112
A.3 Abbreviations for Building Types......................................................................116
A.4 Abbreviations for Room Types...........................................................................122
Appendix B: Weights of General Building Materials........................................................126
Appendix C: Typical Live Loads & Finishes.....................................................................129
Appendix D: Wall Finishes.................................................................................................144
Appendix E: Floor Finishes................................................................................................146
Appendix F: Skirting Types................................................................................................148
Appendix G: Ceilings.........................................................................................................149
Appendix H: Door Types....................................................................................................150
Appendix I: Window Types (Glazing)................................................................................151
Appendix J: Ironmongeries.................................................................................................152
Appendix K: Internal Environment Design Criteria.........................................................166
Appendix L: Electrical Requirements................................................................................174
Appendix M: CP User - Comment Form............................................................................183
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this document is to specify the minimum requirements and
recommendations for “Structural Design and Detail Engineering of Civil and Building
Works” and is intended for use by PDO and its nominated Consultants and Contractors for
the development and operation of Company facilities.
- Set the Company standards for facilities along the facilities life cycle.
- Accommodation facility requirements for Contractors camps in section 2.7 and its
subsections are revised
For all HSE requirements, the User should refer the CP-122 ‘Code of Practice for Health,
Safety and Environmental Protection’ and other documents referenced therein.
Reviews and modifications or changes to the Code of Practice will normally be made by the
CFDH every four years or earlier when justified.
PGSC List : Product Group Service Codes List for Civil Products
BS EN 10210 : Hot Finished Structural Hollow Sections of non alloy and fine
grain structural steels
In all cases, the Company shall determine the adequacy of the design carried out and Works
executed by the Contractor in accordance with this Code of Practices.
2.0 Scope
2.1 General
This Code of Practice is an Engineering requirement for the Company Civil & Building
Facilities and includes applicable design and detailing data and requirements.
Frequency : hertz Hz
Refrigeration : : kilowatt kW
Relative Humidity : RH
The Company should provide the information required to carry out the project to the
Consultant in the following form:
- Scope of works
- Project specification
- Location drawing(s)
The information should include, but not be limited to, the following:
- Any information on existing site surveys, site investigations etc. that may
be available.
Building appearance shall conform to established PDO requirements, local customs, and if
applicable, existing buildings.
Engineering drawings shall comply with SP 2047 ‘Specification for the Preparation and
Content of Engineering Drawings’ and shall be issued in the following stages:
- For Construction
- As built
Building should be designed to allow for future horizontal extension unless specified
otherwise by the Company.
Depending on the requirements of the project, the investigation may be used to obtain
information on, but not limited to, the following:
The Consultant however, shall carefully investigate the necessity for a geotechnical
investigation, and if required, the type of information needed. The Consultant may
consider the following:
A study of available information of the area such as geological maps, water and oil well
logs, hydrological data and geotechnical investigation reports of adjacent sites.
A site visit shall be carried out to obtain the information on the type and behaviour of
adjacent structures (cracks, sags due to differential settlements, rock outcrops that give an
indication of the presence of the depth of bedrock etc).
For extensions, single storey buildings on raft type foundations, pipelines etc., the
Consultant may consider a geotechnical investigation unnecessary based on the information
obtained from above, nevertheless it is the Consultant’s responsibility to ensure foundations
are suitable for the building/ structure and ground conditions.
However, for multi-storey structures, installation of large sized tanks (where settlement
predictions are important), installation of vibrating or rotary equipment (with considerable
dynamic loading) etc, dedicated geotechnical investigations shall be undertaken.
The report shall provide information on the items noted in section 2.3.2.1 as necessary.
The report shall be factual with engineering recommendations.
The geotechnical report shall clearly state how the recommendations have been arrived at
and shall include copies of the Terrzaghi curves used etc, to enable the Consultant to
conclude the magnitude of safety factors used to obtain the allowable bearing pressures, etc.
All reports shall be loaded in electronic form to PDO live link system for reference.
The Consultant shall undertake preliminary designs. During this process, the Consultant
shall advise the Company on alterations considered necessary, if any, regarding orientation,
location etc, in view of local climatic conditions, topography or any other aspects. Such
alternations shall only be implemented if agreed by the Company.
In order to achieve preliminary designs, the Consultant shall be fully acquainted with the
site. To obtain the necessary knowledge the Consultant shall visit the site. The number of
visits, and personnel visiting the site, will be dependent on the project; however, the
Consultant shall ensure adequate knowledge is gained.
- Site layout plan(s), showing the location of buildings and plant, and
indicating true North and prevailing wind direction(s).
Locally manufactured materials shall be used wherever possible as long as such materials
are technically acceptable, in support of the Company’s drive to promote local industry.
The Consultant is required, to some extent, to consider relaxing design specifications (and
hence investigate the financial consequences of the resulting operating and capital costs
associated with such a relaxation). All other civil/ building materials shall be chosen out
from the Company PGSC (Product Group Service Codes) list for Civil Products. All of
which (with minor exceptions) have local agents.
Preliminary designs shall include details of alternative construction and cost comparisons
in order to achieve both technically and economically viable solutions.
- Detailed site surveys including details of all existing services (if applicable) and
likely future building service runs for water, power, sewage disposal, telephones, etc.
The Consultant shall produce thorough and complete sets of detailed design calculations
and shall be approved by the Company. All calculations shall indicate, clearly and
concisely the output and conclusions of each particular solution.
Calculations shall be preceded with a standard information sheet, containing all of the
above information and additional details as shown in the project related drawings and
documents. The design statement shall summarise all relevant starting points for the
calculation, such as load data, design basis, code reference and method of analysis.
The following Codes of Practice and British Standards shall be used as a minimum for the
final design, unless alternative codes are agreed and approved by the Company.
- Full working drawings showing the structural and civil designs of the entire
project giving full details of all the elements in the building(s) (refer section
2.3.6).
- Full working drawings showing all the architectural, mechanical, electrical and
plumbing details for the entire project (refer section 2.3.6).
- Plans of every floor and roof, cross sections through individual floors and
essential elevations of the building. These drawings shall show the position,
form, dimensions and materials of all the various parts of the buildings and
structures.
- Proof, by means of calculations, material and equipment data that the criteria
for comfort shall be satisfied.
- A complete set of calculations for all disciplines, properly headed, indexed and
numbered, with the contract number on each sheet. All sheets shall be A4
format and of a suitable quality for easy reproduction.
In the design for structural elements, the load factors, material factors, permissible stresses,
etc. shall be in accordance with the requirements of the design code being applied. Due
consideration shall be given to exceptional load conditions and accident cases for which the
design may be undertaken with reduced load and material safety factors as allowed by the
design code. Refer to Appendix B for Weights of General Building Material and Appendix
C for Live Loads.
2.3.5.1 Steelwork
Deflections due to dead loads, where limits are given for live loads in Table 1, shall not
impair the strength and efficiency of the structure, lead to damage of the finishing or to be
unsightly. Measures to nullify the effects of deflection due to dead loads by adjusting the
casing on cased members or by pre-cambering should be considered.
Horizontal deflections at crane rail level due to spread of the supporting structure shall be
considered and shall not exceed the value in Table 1, the manufacturers recommendations
or affect the performance of the crane. When checking for deflections the most adverse
realistic combination and arrangement of loads should be assumed.
Connections should, whenever possible, avoid the use of high strength friction grip bolts.
However, if used for special technical reasons, the mode of checking tension shall be by the
use of load indicating washers.
Bolt grades on a particular job should be standardised where possible to prevent incorrect
usage of bolt types on site.
Differential horizontal
N/A 3 mm
displacement of crane rails
2.3.5.2 Concrete
Concrete elements shall contain suitable materials to meet the requirements of both
strength and durability. Consideration to both the levels of chloride and sulphates shall
always be given when specifying cement type.
One of the following three typical land based exposure conditions needs to be stipulated as
the basis of the design criteria of concrete foundations (chemical analysis to be assessed
from the soil investigation report):
the soil or ground water, the recommendation shall be as (2) above, that is,
for soils containing only chlorides.
When the chlorides or sulphates or both (chlorides & Sulphates) in the soil or ground
water, are not in a significant level or totally free, the recommendation shall be ordinary
Portland cement (OPC) to BS EN 197 or ASTM Type I. In addition, the concrete surface
shall be treated with two coats of ‘FOSROC Nitoproof 100’ bituminous paint or any other
approved equivalent.
The coating system for concrete surfaces below ground level and upto 150 mm above grade
level or up to the bottom of floor beams in case of elevated buildings and framed equipment
foundations, shall consist of two coats of ‘FOSROC Nitocote PE135’ with glass mat or
any other approved equivalent with a wet film thickness (wft) of 400 microns. Unpainted
exposed surfaces of any concrete structure above ground shall be treated with two coats of
‘FOSROC Dekguard S’ Anti-Chlorides and Carbonation coatings or any other approved
equivalent with a dft of 350 microns. This coating shall be required to protect the above
ground concrete from the atmospheric effects and windborne salts. In case of equipment
foundations surrounded by concrete hardstand, the protection coating should extend 150
mm above the hardstand/ floor. For more details of the exposure condition, refer SP-1282
Specification for Reinforced Concrete – ‘Production & Construction’.
All coating system shall be strictly in accordance with the relevant manufacturer’s
instruction. Covers to all reinforcement including links shall never be less than the value
shown in Table 2.
RCC Piles 75 mm
Note: The above are minimum nominal covers and shall be increased if required by the
relevant design standard being used.
The design and details of concrete and concrete mixes shall be in accordance with SP-1282
Specification for Reinforced Concrete – ‘Production & Construction’.
All structural concrete shall be of Grade C35 (that is, having a characteristic strength of 35
N/mm2 at 28 days), unless specified otherwise. Mass concrete shall be used for general
filling as required. Blinding concrete shall be a minimum of 50 mm thick. Both Blinding
and Mass Concrete shall have a characteristic strength of at least 10 N/mm 2 at 28 days. All
edges of concrete below ground, which receives surface protection coating, shall have a
chamfer of approx. 25 mm.
Foundation bolts shall be in accordance with the latest revision of PDO Standard Drawing
STD-2-3950-001.
Unless stated otherwise, the standard minimum lap lengths of concrete reinforcement shall
be as shown in Table 3.
Tension / Tension /
Size Size
Compression Compression
R6 300 T6 350
R8 350 T8 450
Concrete reinforcement for Hot-Rolled Mild Steel and Hot-Rolled High Yield Strength
Deformed Bars, shall be detailed as follows:
12 – R/T 10 – 3 - 200
SPACING OF BARS
BAR MARK
NUMBER OF BARS
REQUIRED
b) diameter of bar
c) 50 mm
Careful consideration should be given to the partial safety factors used for materials when
designing block work. Details of supervision and quality of blocks required to meet the
design assumptions should be stated on the drawings or in the specification.
Block work shall be designed to carry all the applied loading and combinations of loading,
giving due consideration to differential and thermal movements.
Engineering drawings shall be prepared in accordance with SP 2047 ‘Specification for the
Preparation and Content of Engineering Drawings’. A0 drawing shall not be used unless
agreed in writing by the Company.
Legend / Symbols are given below and for definitions and abbreviations see Appendix A.
Should other symbols or abbreviation be required (excepting welding symbols) a key shall
be provided on the drawing clearly describing their meaning.
Lettering and figures shall be distinct and uniform to ensure the production of good legible
prints. The style should be simple and unaffected. Capital letters should be used for all
titles and sub-titles. Lowercase letters should be used only for notes.
Civil/Structural
Note:
1. Where larger scale details are desirable, the following should be used 1:5,
1:2 or FS.
2. For projects with large foundations, a scale of 1:25 may be used when
scales of 1:50 or 1:20 are clearly unsuitable.
All structural slab levels or finished floor levels should be indicated and related to a datum.
Levels shall be expressed in metres. All other dimensions shall be expressed in
millimetres.
Structural steelwork working drawings should show details of main connections. For
minor connections all moments, forces and shears shall be required to enable their design
by the contractor. The Consultant’s scope of work shall include the checking of shop
drawings and connection details designed by the contractor.
The Consultant shall produce a full set of As Built drawings, based on fully marked up
drawings by the contractor, which shall contain all civil, structural, mechanical, electrical
details etc. They shall clearly indicate the true location of all hidden and underground
services, structures and the like.
Complete copy of drawings shall be submitted in electronic form and loaded to PDO live
link system.
Legend / Symbols
This Code of Practice gives minimum general requirements for the design and engineering
of all new building, however additional requirements for specific buildings are specified in
the following documents:
Shell Standard Drawing S 17.002 : Typical Analyser Houses for Temperate and
cold climate Areas
SP-1276 ‘Specification for standard control buildings – Design requirements and standard
drawings’ is withdrawn and no longer applicable as this Code of Practice adequately covers
the general design requirements of buildings.
The design of Standard simple Pipe Supports is covered in a separate document: SP-1187
Specification for ‘Selection of Standard Pipe Supports’.
Loadings that will occur during construction of the structure shall be designed for. Details
of any specific construction procedural requirements such as back propping; de-propping
etc. shall be clearly stated to the contractor in the drawings or specifications as necessary.
The self-weight of all the building elements including services, specific plant etc. shall be
calculated and used in the design of the structure. For proprietary systems, equipment and
machines specific details of loading shall be obtained from the manufacturers and used in
the design. These details shall correspond to the items specified on the contract drawings
and in the specifications.
Where permanent partitions are shown in the plans their actual weights shall be included in
the dead load.
The weights of tanks and other receptacles and of their contents shall be considered as dead
loads. These loads need to be calculated for the cases when a tank or receptacle is full and
when empty.
Dead loads should be calculated from the unit weights given in BS 648 or from actual
known weights of the materials used. For general building materials, however, the values
given in Appendix B may be used.
Live loads for buildings, and method of calculation, shall be in accordance with BS 6399
Part 1and 3, however the live loads shown in Appendix C may be used as a guideline.
For structural steel platforms on Oil/Gas projects, the following live loads shall be used:
Special Cases (e.g. Floors located at the 7.5 kN/m2 or a single concentrated
draw end of a shell tube heat exchanger). load of 10 KN whichever is more
unfavourable.
For sloped steel roofs (upto 30 deg) 0.6 kN/m2 or a single concentrated
accessible for inspection and repairs only load of 0.9 KN whichever is more
unfavourable.
Under desert conditions roof with a pitch of less than 5 0 shall be designed for sand loading
of 1 kN/m2in addition to other live loads.
For structural calculations, local codes or regulations, and actual loading situations shall be
adhered to if more stringent than the values obtained from Appendix C.
Where applicable, the weight of vehicles shall be included as live loading and shall be
applied to produce the most critical design cases.
Wind load calculations shall comply with the requirements of BS 6399-2 Loading for
Buildings – ‘Code of Practice for Wind Loads’.
Figure 2 specifies Basic Mean Hourly Wind Speed, V 10 (m/s), at a height of 10 m, which
shall be accounted for in the design.
The Design Wind Speed at any height z above the ground, Vz (m/s), is derived from the
formula below:
F = Gust Duration Factor (For general engineering calculations, Gust duration factor
corresponding to 3 sec gust may be considered. For towers, stacks and in general, smaller
protruding parts (e.g. ladders, cantilevers etc.) for which a 3-second gust shall used in the
design.
For steel and concrete chimneys, the requirements of the CICIND CODE for Steel and
Concrete Chimneys shall apply.)
Refer Table 5 for the values of F & 1/y and Table 5 for the value of S3.
Figure: 1
MEAN HOURLY WIND SPEED CHART
F 1/y
Category Topography
3 sec gust 10 sec gust
Although 3-second gust speeds, are sometimes quoted and certainly of great importance
when dealing with wind forces on structures, the above formula takes this into account.
The values of S3 are shown in Table 5 and shall be used for the various category of
structure as described in section 2.5.
Structure Type S3
Permanent 1.00
Temporary 0.77
Note: The values given above shall not be applicable for Telecom Type Towers and for any
special structures for a particular project and shall be calculated from BS 6399.
In general, Seismic loading need not be considered for design of structures and foundation,
except for aqueous liquid storage structure and overhead water tanks supported on
independent staging. Such structures shall be designed for 5% seismic coefficient. However,
in the recent past seismic activity has been recorded in Yibal area. Hence, it is important to
consider seismic loading for all buildings, tanks, vessel & machinery foundations,
equipment supporting structures and pipe racks in the vicinity of Yibal area. The seismic
coefficient or the design response spectrum is site specific and shall be established prior to
basic design phase.
The following applies only to single crane operation and to simple forms of crane gantry
construction. Loads for heavy crane, high-speed operation or multiple cranes on a single
gantry have to be specially calculated.
For crane gantry girders, the following allowances can be used to cover all forces set up by
vibration, shock from slipping of slings, kinetic action of acceleration and retardation and
impact of wheel loads:
a. For loads acting vertically, the maximum static wheel loads shall be increased by the
following percentages.
b. The horizontal force acting on top of each rail in transverse direction, the following
percentages of the combined weight of the crab + trolley and the load lifted:
c. The horizontal forces acting along the rails shall be taken as a percentage of the static
wheel loads, which can occur on the rails, as follows:
The forces specified in either (b) or (c) above, shall be considered as acting at the rail level
and being appropriately transmitted to the supporting system.
Either of the horizontal forces in (b) or (c) above may act at the same time as the vertical
load on gantry girders and their vertical supports.
The design loadings for Overhead Travelling Cranes and outdoor gantries shall be
determined in accordance with BS 2573.
Where loads arising from machinery, and other plant producing dynamic effects, are
supported by or communicated to a structure, allowance shall be made for these dynamic
effects by increasing the load by an adequate percentage.
Foundations, which directly support vibrating equipment such that the effects need to be
taken account of in the calculations, shall be designed in accordance with BS CP 2012. In
general it is advisable to provide anti-vibration pads.
If thermal expansion results in friction between equipment and supports, the friction force
shall be taken as the operating load on the support.
NOTE: The maximum sliding bearing pressures of the above materials shall be taken into
account.
In the design of horizontal vessel supports, the frictional forces imposed on supports shall
be considered. If the displacement of supports due to such frictional forces are greater than
the expansion of vessel between supports, then the actual force required to accommodate
the thermal expansion on supports may be considered support and foundation design.
In the design of pipe supporting beams, the horizontal slip forces exerted by expanding or
contracting pipes on steel pipe racks shall be assumed to be 15 % of the operating weight
on the beam. These 'slip forces' shall not be distributed to the foundations.
The design of the support structure shall consider the integrated effect of pipe friction
forces and (reaction) pipe anchor forces.
A concrete pipe rack beam shall be designed for an arbitrary horizontal pipe anchor force of
15 kN acting at mid span, which likewise shall not be distributed to the foundations.
For pipe anchor forces transferred by longitudinal girders to structural anchors (bracing),
an arbitrary force of 5 % of the total pipe load per layer shall be taken into account, unless
design calculations dictate a higher force. These forces shall be distributed to the
foundations.
The blast load on buildings shall be obtained from either a hazard assessment or the
Principal. As for as possible all the buildings shall be located out side the blast load
influence zone. In case a building has to be located within the over pressure influence zone,
the following parameters, to define the blast load, shall be obtained:
Peak side-on positive over-pressure, positive phase duration, rise time and the
corresponding positive impulse;
Peak side-on negative pressure, negative phase duration and the corresponding
negative impulse.
For details on design consideration of buildings subjected to blast loading, reference shall
be made to DEP 34.17.10.30-Gen ‘Blast resilient and Blast Resistant Control Buildings/
Field Auxiliary rooms’
Load combinations shall be such that both maximum and minimum load cases are checked
if applicable to investigate not only design loadings on particular elements but also stability,
uplift and overturning conditions. Load combinations, partial safety factors and
combination factors shall be in accordance with the requirements of the particular design
code of practice or standard. A guide for loading combination is given in Table 3 of
DEP34.00.01.30-Gen.
Outdoor design conditions should be based on the relevant meteorological data for each
project. For general detail, refer to section 2.16.
1 Residential and If possible, camps & housing plots etc. shall be sited up wind of
Housing Areas industrial areas, so that prevailing winds drive smoke & fumes
away from accommodation/ residential areas. They shall also be
sited a reasonable distance away from mosques and recreational
facilities.
4 Mosques and All mosques and prayer shelters shall be orientated towards
Prayer Shelters Mecca. Once the building foundation trenches have been
excavated, final approval by the local religious authority shall be
received before further work commences. Mosques shall be
located away from any sources of noise.
(contd.)
5 Outdoor Sports Tennis courts, volley ball courts (and preferably football pitches)
Facilities shall be orientated in the N-S direction because of sun light
problems at dawn and dusk. Care need to be taken in siting these
facilities in relation to problems of night time glare from
flares/burn pits. Shelter is needed from the wind, especially for
badminton or tennis courts. Sports facilities shall not be located
close to areas from which there is high level of noise, for example,
turbines, or close to likely source of fumes/smoke, for example,
fire training ground.
6 Open Air Open Air Cinemas are usually only used at night. Therefore if
Cinemas such a facility has been specified by the Company (no longer
considered a standard facility), their location and orientation shall
depend on problems associated with glare from flares etc., and
noise to accommodation, mosques, etc., or from adjacent plant
and equipment. Prevailing wind problems with fumes, dust, etc.,
shall also be taken into account, not forgetting the effects of the
glare from the sun (least important).
7 Power Stations Power Stations are generally very noisy and therefore their
location shall be such as to cause the least amount of discomfort to
occupants of camps, building, potential building plots, etc., still
ensuring cost effectiveness of cable lengths, O/H lines, fuel lines
etc. Gas Turbines have the added hazard of gas explosions (as
well as possible H2S problems). Noise levels are defined in the
section 3.0 of SP 1231 and section 4.6 of DEP 34.17.00.32.
8 Clinics Clinics shall be sited such that easy access to both Residential and
Industrial Areas is achieved. Noise is considered the major hazard
for clinics even though hazards due to fumes/smoke/flare glare,
etc., shall also be taken into account.
10 Offices Offices should have an E-W main axis, with the windows facing
either north or south, as the penetrating morning and evening sun
is undesirable. The sun can be kept out by sun blinds, window
U/V film, or roof overhang. Siting is dependant on client needs
but care must be taken against noise and fume/smoke hazards.
Space is needed directly outside the office space for off loading
supplies and adequate car parks. Natural day light is very
desirable but not necessarily essential. Artificial lighting, to
correct levels, may be used if no other option is available.
(contd.)
14 Airstrips & When locating an Airstrip in the Interior the following points
Air Terminals shall be considered:
Other factors to take into account are the expected lifetime of the
airstrip, type of planes that will be used, the effect and condition
of both the take off and approach zones, and access to camp site
or oil installation. The orientation of the airstrip shall be
dependent on prevailing winds and the surrounding obstructions
within the take off and approach zones. The terminal building
shall have the main axis parallel to the airstrip. For the airstrips
safety refer the PDO Safety Reference Document M.3.9 or the
appropriate standards as stated CP-122 Code of Practice for the
Health, Safety and Environment Protection.
(contd.)
17 Fire Training The Fire Training Area is a source of ignition and a source of
Areas smoke (and possible H2S). These areas shall be located well
away from Residential and Recreational facilities. They shall
also be located well away from any installations, which have
inflammable or hydrocarbon compounds such as oil/gas
installations, fuel stations, explosive stores, laboratories,
warehouses/stores, etc. Building facilities, other than
buildings within the compound itself, shall not be less than
150 m away from a point of ignition in the Fire Training
Area. Prevailing winds and hence the effects of smoke must
be taken into consideration when locating such an area.
18 STP’s (Sewage Both Sewage Treatment Plants (and associated ponds) and
Treatment Dedicated Evaporation Ponds are sources of smell and
Plants) and sanitary pollution. All residential facilities and schools shall
Evaporation not be located within 100 m of a STP or evaporation ponds.
Ponds Smell/bad odours are mainly caused by anaerobic (septic)
conditions even though excessive algae blooms do contribute
to the smell. Prevailing wind is a major factor when siting
STP's and evaporation ponds so that all manned locations
shall be located upward of such facilities. Wind is a major
element in the efficient running of an evaporation pond.
Fencing to ponds, to stop camels entering the area, shall be
located away from the pond itself to avoid affecting the wind
fetch of the pond. Location is also decided by ground water
contamination, closeness to potential flooding of wadi’s, or
problems of percolation/leakage under the bunds into manned
areas (that is, ponds to be located down hill of manned
facilities).
19 Isotope Stores Locations of Isotope Store are defined in the Safety Reference
document section M.2.1 or CP-122 Code of Practice for
‘Health, Safety and Environment Protection’ and other
documents referenced therein.
(contd.)
For production stations and fenced areas, as a general guideline the means of emergency
escape shall be available at not more than 50 m from any location along the periphery of
the boundary fence unless otherwise differently advised by QRA study.
Building layouts and proposed fire protection systems shall be subject to Company
approval.
The layouts shall show safe means of escape routes, protected corridors and travelling
distances to the protected corridors, protected shafts and means of Emergency escape. A
statement shall be provided, specifying the proposed air-conditioning supply and return air
systems, its integration with fire detection system, and fire detection and protection systems
for the project.
The location of all hand held fire-fighting equipment shall be agreed with the Company.
All design principles relating to Fire Detection, Protection and Alarms is covered under
Section 2.17.7, 2.19.4 and 2.20 of this document.
Such facilities could also be manned for a few hours each day.
Control buildings consist of a control room, auxiliary room, electrical switch room,
toilet, rest room, prayer room, battery room, store and corridor providing controlled,
pedestrian access to the station via the building.
The size of the building is dependent on the amount of space that is required in the
control, auxiliary and switch rooms and can be varied accordingly.
The control building and its associated area (to be used for future control building
extensions) shall be located in a ‘non- hazardous area’, as defined by SP-1103,
Electrical Engineering Guidelines. Control buildings and adjacent areas shall be
located in accordance with SP-1127 ‘Plant Equipment Layout Specification’.
To facilitate access, location of the control building shall be at the periphery of the
station with the transformer area adjacent to a road or parking area.
Orientation and location shall be such that there are no personnel hazards located
immediately outside any door.
If the Control room is located within the influence zone of blast load from the equipments,
the control room shall be designed as per DEP 34.17.10.30 – Gen.
These buildings shall be designed with an overall building width of 13 m. One of the
centre corridor walls shall coincide with the centre of the building giving offices of internal
dimensions of:
Provision shall be made for installation of partition walls at approximately 1.69 m intervals
so that following rooms sizes can be formed: 7 m 2, 10.5 m2, 14 m2, 21 m2, 31.5 m2 and 42
m 2.
All rooms in the PDO sleeping accommodation blocks shall have a bedroom, attached
bath/toilet and storage facilities. Standard room sizes are given in the Table 9. The
accommodation unit allocation shall be one person/ room for senior staffs and two
persons/room for junior staffs.
Staff (Grade)
Item
SS JS
En suite En suite
Notes shower/ wc shower/ wc
In general toilets shall have minimum internal dimensions of 1.0 m x 1.6 m for both SS
and JS. This may be reduced to 0.9 m x 1.3 m in offices.
Showers shall have a minimum dimension of 1.0 m x 1.8 m, divided into a wet area and a
dry area by a simple curtain.
Three persons sharing per room shall be allowed for JE and other staff categories, if the
bedroom size is more than 21 m 2 or as stated in Table 6.
SS accommodation shall have a sleeping room with an attached bath/toilet facilities. The
room sizes shall not be less than 20.8 m 2.
The following sanitary ware fittings shall be provided for each bath /toilet unit. Refer Table
10.
Sanitary Fittings
2a SS √ √ √
2b SS √ √ √
2c SS √ √ √
JS/JE and all other staff’s accommodation units shall have a sleeping room with attached
bath/toilet facilities. The room sizes shall not be less than 20.8 m 2 as given in Table 9.
The following minimum number of sanitary ware fittings shall be provided for each bath /
toilet unit. Refer Table 11.
Sanitary Fittings
3a JS √ √ √
3b JE √ √ √
3c JE √ √ √
3d Others √ √ √
3e Others √ √
In general, the Kitchen and Associated Facilities should be constructed in block work. The
Kitchen and Associated Facilities have been sized using the following design criteria, based
on international norms:
Individual space requirements in the kitchen for the various functions are shown in the
Figure 3.
M2
60 Preparation
40
20
3.a. Preparation
M2
80
60 Service
40
20
Meals
3.b. Service
M2
60
40 Staff Facilities
20
M2
60
Cooking
40
20
Meals
3.d. Cooking
M2
60
40
Wash-Up
20
Meals
3.e. Wash-Up
M2
60 Storage (total)
40
20
Meals
3.f. Storage (total)
4 Kitchen Area
4a Preparation N/A 10 m2 10 m2 11 m2 15 m2 23 m2
4b Service N/A 18 m2 18 m2 19 m2 22 m2 36 m2
4d Cooking N/A 19 m2 19 m2 20 m2 23 m2 39 m2
4e Wash Up N/A 8 m2 8 m2 10 m2 13 m2 18 m2
180 - 2 No
5b Assumed Average Population N/A 20 40 80 170
Shifts
360 - 2 No
5d Assumed Number of Meals/sitting N/A 20 40 80 170
Shifts
5e Dining Space factor for JS N/A 1.6per’s/m2 1.5per’s/m2 1.4per’s/m2 1.4 persons/m 2 07 persons/m2
5f Dining Space factor for SS N/A N/A N/A 1.8per’s/m2 1.7 persons/m 2 08 persons/m2
JS Servery and Extra Circulation Space N/A 18m2 30m2 47m2 107m2 110m2
5g Total Dining Space Requirement for JS N/A 50m2 90m2 140m2 310m2 330m2
Dining Area Space Requirement for SS N/A N/A N/A 25m2 43m2 36m2
SS Servery and Extra Circulation Space N/A N/A N/A 15m2 27m2 24m2
5h Total Dining Space Requirement for SS N/A N/A N/A 40m2 70m2 60m2
6 Other Facilities
2.8.1 Walls
All wall designs and details shall take into consideration the following:
- Economic Aspects
- Finishing Requirements
In addition, external walls shall be designed and detailed to resist moisture penetration, to
prevent the occurrence of condensation. Damp proofing is required, as in temperate
climates (regarding the omission of damp proof courses, refer section 2.8.1.5). Termite
barriers are essential in the construction of walls.
Internal walls for washrooms and other wet rooms shall be designed and detailed to be
moisture resistant and shall contain a damp proof course. Walls for control buildings,
auxiliary rooms, analyser houses, electrical stations and similar buildings in production
stations shall be solid with no cavities to prevent the possible build up of gases and
therefore hollow blocks shall not be used in these instances, unless the cavities are filled
with concrete/ mortar. Holes for cable entries in these buildings shall be sealed with
polyurethane foam after cables have been installed.
All load bearing block work walls shall have a minimum compressive strength of 10
N/mm2.
All non - load bearing block work walls shall have a minimum compressive strength of
3.5 N/mm2.
All openings for windows, doors, etc. in hollow block work shall be framed on all sides by
providing a minimum of one T12 reinforcing bar placed centrally in the block hollow
adjacent to the opening. The hollow shall subsequently be filled with concrete as the block
work progresses. The concrete shall be a minimum of grade 20. (Characteristic strength
of concrete shall be 20 N/mm 2 @ 28 days with 10 mm aggregate).
The framing bar shall run from the floor below the opening to the ceiling above and where
applicable shall pass through and cast into the lintels above the opening. Where
applicable, it shall be cast into the slab below and soffit above the block panel under
consideration.
Walls shall be designed to withstand all vertical, horizontal and longitudinal loads,
including wind and stability loading, as necessary. Due consideration shall be given to the
eccentricity of loading in the design.
Light colour, heat reflecting, thermal qualities and low maintenance shall be the main
considerations in selecting the external finish. ‘U’ values should not exceed 0.6 W/m 2 0C
for external walls. Cavity walls with insulation are highly recommended in all external
wall designs for air-conditioned buildings to help conserve energy. See also section
2.8.1.5.
All walls shall be suitably designed and constructed to ensure compliance with the room
noise ratings specified in Appendix K.
In general, movement joints in the structure or building should pass through the whole
structure in one plane. Vertical movement joints in walls shall be placed at intervals not
exceeding the following:
Concrete walls 30 m
Parapet walls 5m
If the above joint spacing is required to be exceeded, then the structure shall be checked
for additional induced thermal stresses in addition to the stresses due to imposed loading.
Horizontal movement joints may be required where block work/ brickwork are built in a
frame to allow the frame to move independently.
All movement joints in buildings shall be sealed to prevent the ingress of water.
Consideration shall be given to exceeding the ‘U’ value of 0.6 W/m 2 C stipulated in
section 2.8.1.2 where the environmental condition within the space is not critical.
Non-fair faced un-rendered block work may be used in areas of non-aesthetic importance.
Where wall cladding is used, un-plastered non-fair faced blocks shall be used on faces
covered by the cladding.
External walls constructed on concrete ground beams or slabs which are a minimum of
150 mm above surrounding ground level do not require a horizontal damp proof cover.
2.8.2 Floors
Where reinforced concrete floors are required externally, they should be constructed in
bays not greater than 15 m in width, which shall separated by longitudinal contraction/
expansion joints. Each bay shall be divided into lengths not exceeding 15 m by transverse
shrinkage control joints. Expansion joints shall be provided in both directions at every 30
m. Floor panels shall be constructed in sequence of casting alternate panels to avoid
excessive shrinkage.
Where plain concrete hard standings are used they shall be formed in bays not exceeding 5
m x 5 m, which shall be separated by either contraction or expansion joints alternatively.
All external floors and hard standings shall be laid with adequate falls (minimum 1:100)
such that, allowing for normal tolerances, there is no possibility of water stagnation and to
ensure quick and effective drainage.
All exposed concrete floors subject to oil/ chemical spillage shall be treated with a suitable
chemical resistant tiles or epoxy based flooring cover. Selection of flooring specification
shall be as per DEP 30.48.60.12-Gen
In workshops, due consideration shall be given to fork lift loading, racking and machine
foundations.
All vibrating and large machine foundations shall be isolated from the ground floor slab
by way of isolation joint.
For the installation of computers and other instrument or electrical equipment with cable
connecting at the bottom of the equipment cavity floors shall be provided. These shall
comprise a reinforced concrete lower floor and a removable panel upper floor of 600 x 600
module supported on pedestals. The pedestals shall be fixed to the concrete floor in such a
manner as to form firm bedding and shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions. They shall be adjustable in height and the adjustable section shall have
automatic positive locking. Ensure that the pedestals and the frames, supporting either the
instrument or electrical cabinets, are able to provide independent stability to the structure
at all times. Each floor panel shall be capable of supporting specified concentrated and
distributed load as per design requirement. The maximum deflection under specified
concentrated load shall not exceed 1 mm. The reinforced concrete floor below the cavity
shall be painted with an epoxy paint to prevent formation of dust.
All pre-cast suspended floors shall be suitably fixed to the structure to provide robust and
stable construction.
To all wet areas such as toilets the floor and 200 mm up surrounding walls shall be
painted with two coats of bitumen and sharp sand splattered for key.
At change of finishes line, at all doorways and in bays not exceeding 15 m 2 brass dividing
strips in brass, finished flush to the surface shall be provided.
2.8.3 Skirting
2.8.4 Ceilings
2.8.5 Doors
All doors shall be either solid teak framed or teak faced solid core flush doors. Where
doors are fire rated their composition shall change accordingly.
2.8.6 Windows
Contractors shall verify the final dimensions at site before making shop drawings.
Approval to shop drawings shall be given prior to commencement of manufacture. All
windows to be anodised aluminium with hermetically sealed tinted double glazing
These glazing units, prefabricated by the Manufacturer, shall be composed of two spaced
glass panes with a cavity of dehydrated air.
Glazing to floor level windows shall be armour plated glass. To bathrooms and toilets
shall be rough - cast narrow receded.
2.8.7 Ironmongery
Subject to the building type, the quality of fittings to be used shall be determined by the
Company Representative. Generally, ironmongery shall be in packs. Ironmongeries pack
and typical requirements are detailed in Appendix J of this document.
All doors shall open in the direction of the escape route and be positioned so as not to
block any stairway.
Handrails or parapet walls shall be provided on both sides of the stairs, except when the
slope of stair is less than 30 o and the stair is not higher than 2000 mm from ground, in
which case the hand rails can be provided on one side only.
Fire escape staircases and landings shall be enclosed by suitable fire-resistant material of
construction. Winding stairs shall be used for fire exits.
If equipment is located on top of roof, installation of stair or caged ladder will depend on
the maintenance/ inspection requirements. As a general rule, stairs shall be provided in
coastal area. However, caged ladder may be used in the interior subjected to principal’s
approval.
For steel stairs the minimum width of stairway, walkway & platforms shall not be less
than 750mm. Stair treads shall not be made of GRP or aluminium and shall be hot-dip
galvanised steel. On platforms, the distance to a stair or ladder shall not be more than
25m.
The Concrete floors/ platforms in front of equipment doors shall be capable of receiving
the equipment that will be transported through the doors.
No stairway shall exceed sixteen risers in any one flight, if more are necessary a landing
shall be provided.
For fire safety purposes (fire escapes) a flow capacity of 1.3 persons per second per metre
width shall be used. This is greater than normal use flow capacity which shall be
determined as shown in Table 17 below:
Free Flow Mean Plan Density <0.6 Full Design Capacity 1-way Plan
persons/m2 Density 2 persons/m2
0.9 27 0.6 60
The following formula shall be used to determine the suitable relationship of riser to going
for normal staircases:
The minimum slope of any stair shall not be less than 1 in 2 (26.5 o) and not greater 5 in 6
(40o).
Refer Table 18 for the stairs dimensions, headroom clearances, travelling distances and
other requirements.
Domestic Domestic
Office Type Office Fire Industrial
Dimensions in mm Serving for 1 Serving >1 Industrial
Building Escape Fire Escape
Dwelling Dwellings
Height of handrail above front of treads 900 900 900 900 900 900
Height of handrail above landing 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
(Contd.)
Domestic Domestic
Office Type Office Fire Industrial
Dimensions in mm Serving for 1 Serving >1 Industrial
Building Escape Fire Escape
Dwelling Dwellings
Width of
Length of landings (+) 900 1100 900 1100 Width of stairway
stairway
+ Length of landing shall not be less than width of staircase relevant to location of stairs.
The minimum fire rating values of the building for various purposes and types are indicated in the Table 19, however these shall meet the requirements of the
latest Directorate General of Civil Defence regulations.
(Contd.)
Modifications
Any element of structure should have at least the minimum period needed for any other element structure, which it carries or supports (whether that other element
is load bearing or not).
* Increased to 1 hour for separating walls. Reduced to 0.5 hour if the area of the basement is 50 m 2 less.
** Reduced to 0.5 hour for any floor (which is not also a compartment floor), but not for any part of floor, which contributes to the support of the
building as a whole and not for any beam, which supports the floor.
Notes: 1. The floor area of each storey in the building or where the building is divided in compartments the floor area of each storey in the compartment of which
the element structure forms part.
2. The cubic capacity of the building or where the building is divided into compartments cubic capacity of the compartment of which the structure forms
part.
3. Where the building is fitted throughout with an automatic sprinkler system meeting relevant recommendations of BS 5306: Part 2.
2.10 Roofs
Due consideration shall be given to the provision of access to roofs, where necessary for
maintenance etc. In situations where required, a safe means of access shall be provided.
If equipment is located on top of roof, installation of stair or caged ladder will depend on
the maintenance/ inspection requirements. As a rule, stairs shall be provided in coastal
area. However, caged ladder may be used in the interior subjected to principal’s approval.
Various types of water proofing and roof insulation materials are available to provide
satisfactory water proofing for float roofs like membranes, extruded polystyrene insulation,
polyurethane insulation, light weight foam concrete etc. Waterproofing details in these
instances shall be such that they will satisfactorily withstand the likely subsequent wear
and tear.
Roofs should have a maximum ‘U’ value of 0.6 W/m 2 0C. Insulation should be capable of
withstanding rodent attack in situations where it may be exposed to the same. Roofs are
subject to intense heat and thermal movement and waterproof membranes shall be
adequately protected or detailed to withstand these conditions. It should be possible to
inspect and repair the membrane periodically and consideration should be given to
permanent access. Because of its exposure special care should be taken when specifying
roof insulation for ‘Upside-Down’ roofs, in terms of required insulation characteristics,
durability, water absorption and physical strength.
Rain is infrequent, but when it does occur it can be torrential, consequently, traditional
gargoyles are the preferred method of rainwater disposal from flat roofs (for upto two floor
buildings) and should be employed. For buildings with more than two floors, suitably sized
rain water down pipes shall be employed. Careful consideration shall be given to the
projection of gargoyles, RWP Gully and to the ground treatment where rain water
discharges. Gargoyles shall be provided with suitable drips to prevent water running down
the face of the building causing unsightly stains. Gargoyles shall be sited away from
doors, lights and where possible windows.
Flat roofs should be promoted where possible. Pitched roofs, other than for warehouses/
workshops, are not permitted in Capital Area. The upside down flat roof has the added
advantage that the roof insulation protects the waterproofing layer from both the intense
heat and puncturing. Extreme care in detailing of such roofs is essential to ensure
durability.
Flat roofs shall be provided with a minimum fall of 1in 80. Consideration shall be given
to pre-cambering, particularly on long span roofs to prevent ponding. In any case ponding
shall not occur.
Parapets on flat roofs are a natural source of building defects, particularly when of block
work construction.
Parapets shall be carefully detailed to control thermal movement with control joints not
exceeding the spacing in section 2.8.1.4.
Parapets shall be securely fixed to the roof slab and shall be capable of resisting a
minimum horizontal load, on access roofs, of 0.75 kN/m run at the top of the parapet
which should be a minimum of 1.1 m above the roof covering.
Flat roofs cast on load bearing block work should contain a slip plane between the block
work and slab soffit to allow for thermal movement of the slab without distressing the
block work. The roof slab, however, must be suitably held in place to ensure stability
criteria are maintained.
Pitched roofs shall be avoided wherever possible. As a general rule, only flat roof designs
shall be used in the Capital Area. Pitched roof designs may be considered in the Interior
only if it needs to match existing roofs, or used for warehouses/ workshops and sunshades.
Any Pitched roofs in the Capital Area should be hidden by using appropriate facades.
When used, pitched roof plan shapes shall be kept as simple as possible, hips and valleys
should be avoided. The construction shall be such as to result in a completely
waterproofed roof.
Consideration shall be given to ridge vents in order to reduce internal design pressures
arising from wind loading and where required to provide natural ventilation.
Gutters and downspouts shall only be provided over entrances and where people have to
pass. However adequate details at ground level shall be provided to prevent erosion and
percolation.
Design of Sunshades and standard details are covered under a separate document: SP-
1283 Specification for Standard Sunshades – ‘Design & Standard Drawings’.
It is important to fully specify the roof sheeting requirements on design drawings. The
following minimum requirements shall be used:
Where ever possible, Aluminium roof sheeting shall be preferred. Only in unavoidable
circumstances, Steel sheeting shall be used.
5. Be fixed with stainless steel self-tapping screws and isolated from the
purlins with In-seal Tape.
4. Not be used in severe marine areas (for example, MAF, RAH, etc.): this is
also in line with the requirements of the Muscat Municipality.
In addition to the above two materials (but ignoring sheeting materials such as GRP/ GRE/
etc.), a third type of material may be used known as 55%ALZn Coated Steel Sheeting.
This material has an ideal mix of 55% Aluminium, 43.4% Zinc and 1.6 Silicon. The
material shall follow the same requirements as Galvanised Steel (see above), but can be
used for Coastal Areas (MAF, RAH, etc.). There might be problems related to powder
coating this material and therefore colour choices will be limited.
2.11 Built-in-Furniture
All cupboards shall be fitted with shelving to maximise the use of the storage space.
In the layout of kitchens particular attention shall be paid to safe distances between
electric points and the sink. Kitchens shall be designed to be ergonomically and correctly
related in the layout of the parts. In general,
Fitted wardrobes shall be provided in all bedrooms including SS rooms and Clinic wards.
Where rooms are in use by two persons two wardrobes shall be provided.
In each dwelling bathroom, and each room with bed(s) and basin, a bathroom cabinet shall
be provided with mirror front, two sections, shaver point and light.
2. Offices.
To detached and semi-detached accommodation and mess block, curtain pelmets shall be
provided.
2.12 Security
2.12.1 Fencing and Gates
All fencing and gates shall comply with the requirements of the Company standard
specification SP-1279-P Specification for Civil & Building Construction – ‘Fencing &
Gates’. The consultants drawing shall make reference to the fencing and gate types
contained therein. Types of fences to be used in various locations are shown in Table 21:
Booster Station B
Explosives Store A
Farms C
Flares – Ground C
Flares – Tower C
Garbage Dumps C
Gathering Station B
H2S Well B
Interior Camps C
Isotope Pit A
Microwave Areas B
Oxidation Ponds C
contd.
Power Station B
Production Station A
Sub Station B
Telecom Centres A
Telecom Towers B
The HSE Access Control Procedure (refer CP-122 and the documents referenced therein),
Stipulates that the asset holder (as defined in the Corporate Asset Holder Register) is
required to specify those areas, which need Access Control (based on what hazards and
threats have been identified). It is possible therefore, that asset holders may decide to
install fences/ gates in locations not included in the above table.
Low Pressure Well Heads and Remote Manifolds do not require fencing. For details, refer
SP-1127 Plant Equipment & Layout Specification.
08-B-15 : Magnolia
10-B-15 : Ivory
06-C-33 : Peach
00-E-55 : White
For non-specialised buildings, that is, accommodation, offices, exposed service pipes, for
example water pipes, shall be painted to match their background colour.
All external walls should be 06-C-33 throughout (unless specified otherwise). All exposed
drainage or vent pipes in front of the external wall shall be painted the same colour as the
wall.
All Mess Dining Rooms, Games Rooms, Lounges, Billiards Rooms and TV/Video Rooms
shall be 08-B-17 - Wood Smoke.
Where the soffit of the ceiling is exposed (either exposed concrete or plastered ceilings)
use 00-E-55.
The type of paint finish shall be as described in Wall Finishes (Appendix D).
2.14.2 Landscaping
All projects involving landscaping should incorporate the current PDO landscaping
specification SP-1279-Q. Particular attention should be paid to the creation of a localised
microclimate with low, medium or high canopies as appropriate to the particular situation.
For Landscaping Irrigation refer to section 2.17.8.
Soft Landscaping should be designed considering both the aesthetic aims and long term
maintenance requirements.
Consideration should be given to the need to reduce dust nuisance in amenity areas by
landscaping in conjunction with other appropriate means, for example, fabric attached to
fences.
2.14.3 Roads
Where internal access roads are required to serve buildings, car-parking areas etc., the
Consultant must clarify the likely range of vehicles that will be requiring access.
Where the layout is designed for private vehicle usage, mountable kerbs should be
provided where necessary to allow for occasional heavy vehicle passage.
1. Geometric Design:
Typical desirable and minimum standards for internal access roads for both light and
commercial vehicle usage are given in Table 22. It should however be borne in mind that
the dimensional requirements may vary according to the actual size of commercial vehicle
requiring access.
Roads are to be cambered or with cross fall at 1.5% and provided with adequate
longitudinal gradient to ensure dispersal of storm water into the proposed drainage system.
Care shall be taken in the design to avoid flat spots and consequent ponding of storm
water.
Care shall be taken to ensure adequate visibility sightlines particularly where buildings are
located adjacent to junctions.
2. Pavement construction
The pavement is to be constructed to suit the future loading over the specified design life.
Where roads will be trafficked by commercial vehicles, the anticipated traffic loading
should be predicted and the pavement designed in accordance with the procedure set out in
the latest issue of the “Oman Highway Design Manual”, as well as what is advised in both
SP-1279-R & S (Specification for Civil & Building Construction – ‘Roads & Paving’, and
‘Graded Roads, Rig Locations, Airstrips, Tank Pads & Bund Works).
Road signs and markings should be minimised and yet give clear direction to drivers.
Road signs should be of minimum 600mm size and be in accordance with SP-1284
Specification for Signs and Signboards – ‘Standard Signs Catalogue’.
Road markings should be either thermoplastic or road marking paint to suit the scale of
works. A mandatory warning sign is required below the danger warnings at all junctions
of the Grades/Tarmac transition to give more information about the dangerous situation.
Where external access roads are required to serve a facility, the road must be designed to
suit the initial level of service and yet allow for future upgrading if required.
1. Geometric Design
Roads are to be designed to the geometric design standards set out in the latest issue of the
“Oman Highway Design Manual”, using an appropriate design speed.
2. Pavement Construction
Figure 4 details standard pavement construction for PDO interior roads, which will allow
progressive development of the standard of road as required. These are further detailed in
SP-1279-S Specification for Civil & Building Works – Graded Roads, Rig Locations,
Airstrips, Tank Pads & Bund Works’. Roads, which are to be adopted by the Ministry of
Communications, are to be constructed with asphaltic concrete overlying granular
pavement layers. The pavement is to be designed in accordance with the latest issue of the
“Oman Highway Design Manual”.
Currently tests are being performed using road material stabilisers. Their performance in
these tests might well promote the use of road stabilisers in the construction of both graded
and paved roads. The road designer shall therefore investigate the status of these tests,
and hence assess their suitability in the design of all roads.
Successful road base stabilisation, say with SPP (Sulphonated Petroleum Product), could
result in CBR of greater than 120, which will in turn allow cheaper road surface dressings
to be used, such as Sand Seal and Slurry. However, the latter road seal thickness is only in
the order of 6 to 8 mm, and therefore road surface finish tolerance (and therefore the
road’s “riding comfort”) is likely to be poor.
Road signs and markings should be provided to suit the scale of the road and shall be in
accordance with the latest issue of SP-1284 Specification for Signs and Signboards –
Standard Signs Catalogue and the “Oman Highway Design Manual”. A mandatory
warning sign is required below the danger warnings at all junctions of the Grades/Tarmac
transition to give more information about the dangerous situation.
Car parks should be provided on-site to cater for employees, operational needs and visitors
typical car park spacing requirements are given in Table 19. Car parks shall be designed
so as to discourage parking in the aisles and access routes. Where parking is designed for
commercial vehicles, the standards to be applied are to suit the particular usage.
Car parking facilities shall be generally designed to the layout standards shown in Figure
5. Parking bays are based on a 3 m x 6 m module. Where available space permits,
parking areas should be designed for 900angle parking.
Car parks shall be profiled to ensure dispersal of storm water to the proposed drainage
system.
Car parks are surfaced with 80 mm thick interlocking block paving, asphaltic concrete or
surface dressing as appropriate to the scale of construction and required aesthetics.
Pavement construction is to be designed to cater for the relevant loading over the design
period.
Where the construction is in interlocking block work, use should be made of different
colours to clearly distinguish between vehicle routes and parking areas. In general
vehicles routes are to be paved with grey blocks and parking areas with charcoal grey
blocks.
Landscaping and street furniture should be set back from kerb lines to allow overhang of
vehicles.
Road signs and markings should be minimised and yet give clear direction to drivers.
Where interlocking block work construction is proposed, use should be made of coloured
blocks for markings and bay divisions. Road signs should be of minimum 600 mm size
and in accordance with the latest issue of SP-1284 Specification for Signs & Signboards –
‘Standard Signs Catalogue’.
(Contd.)
(Contd.)
(Contd.)
Parking Spaces
Facility Type
On Site Off Site
500 – 900 m2 2 1
200 – 400 m2 1 1
Education Kindergarten 14 12
Elementary 16 – 38 24 – 96
Preparatory 23 – 54 22 – 86
Bus Terminus 0 40
Bus Garage 50 0
(Contd.)
Material storage yards should be designed to suit the particular material to be stored.
Particular attention must be made for access and manoeuvre of forklifts and delivery
vehicles.
2.14.6 Footpaths
Footpaths are to be provided, where required, to clearly define pedestrian routes. Analysis
is to be carried out of the desirable walkway routes, bearing in mind that pedestrians tend
to try to minimise the distance walked.
Footpaths are generally 2 m wide. This may be reduced to 1.5 m minimum where layouts
and volume of pedestrian traffic permits.
Footpath are generally to be surfaced with 60 mm thick coloured interlocking block work
or pre cast concrete slabs overlying sand laying course and granular base material.
Footpaths are to be bound by kerbs.
The requirements described here shall apply to the following Sections of this document.
2.17: Plumbing
2.19: Electrical
One set of the final approved design calculation shall be submitted to the Company for the
record purpose.
Material and equipment shall be selected from the latest PGSC (Product Group Service
Codes) list. .As stipulated, Type of materials, shall be identified by duty and specification
only and not by the manufacturer. In the selection of materials and equipment, building
services designs shall show a preference for the use of local, and GCC, manufacturers.
- Equipment Schedules
- Wiring Diagrams
Building services design should normally include updating the drawings to “As Built”.
Minimum dimensions for depths of cover and for separation between services are shown
on company Standard Drawings STD-2-1404.
District chilled water service installations should comprise buried mains served from a
chillers compound suitably located to reduce the environmental impact, particularly noise,
on adjacent buildings. The chillers compound pump room may be combined with an
electrical substation in one building. Allowance should be made for future expansion of
district chilled water schemes, and this should be done with minimal costs. For schemes
with a high probability of future expansion, ring main chilled water distribution is
provided, with secondary chilled water pumps at each building. For other schemes, radial
distribution may be appropriate. In any case, the logistic and limits of future expansion
should be established and agreed with the Company.
Fresh air ventilation units for control buildings, Computer buildings & auxiliary rooms
shall be provided with a pre-filter for 85% efficiency ASHRAE dust spot and an after-filter
for 92% efficiency ASHRAE dust spot (dust spot tests according to ANSI/ASHRAE 52.1).
For other buildings, after-filter efficiency shall be not less than 85%.
A dust collector shall be applied if the dust concentration at the fresh air intake is more
than 10 mg/m3.
Re-circulation air handling units shall be provided with 65% efficiency ASHRAE dust spot
test filters.
The interface with the electrical design shall be established with the Company as described
in section 2.19.
The Air-Conditioning & Ventilation system, materials and Equipments shall comply with
the SP-1285 Specification for Buildings Services Chapter B ‘Air Conditioning Works’.
Design outdoor conditions should be based on relevant meteorological data for each
project area and shall be subject to Company approval. In the absence of definitive data,
the figures given in Table 24 should be used.
Appendix K includes the following criteria relating to the majority of company facilities.
- Room temperature
- Room humidity
Where criteria are not listed in Appendix K, design indoor conditions should be based on
the CIBSE Guide, Section A1, Environmental Criteria for Design, and shall be subject to
Company approval.
Normally, humidity control should not be necessary. However, the critical psychometrics
of each design should be checked to ensure that reasonable comfort conditions are always
achieved.
With diversity and standby requirements taken into account, air-conditioning equipment
should be sized to have a minimum overcapacity of 15%.
The design of battery room ventilation system shall fully comply with the requirements of
DIN 57510/VDE 0510.
All cells in which the electrolyte is in aqueous solution give off hydrogen and oxygen
during charging, the major gassing occurring towards the end of the charging or during
boost charging. Typical boost charging cycles are for 8 hours every 6 months. An
explosive mixture is formed when the hydrogen concentration, by volume, in air exceeds
3.8%.
A safe dilution (20% of the above) will be maintained using the following formula.
Q = 0.055 x N x I
Where,
Q = Airflow in m3/h
Inlet air should be introduced at low level, from the building air-conditioning system, and
mechanically exhausted to atmosphere at as high a level as possible, to avoid air pockets.
When ventilation is provided as described above, the battery room shall be classified as
non-hazardous. However, due to possible local concentrations of gas, the exhaust fan
should be suitable for a Zone 2 installation and resistant to the electrolyte.
A ducted all-air system shall be provided maintaining the control building under positive
pressure (+5 mm wc) to reduce ingress of dust.
The outside make-up air connection shall include a sand-trap louver and pre-filter. Both
make-up air and return air connections shall include dampers for balancing purposes.
Two equal direct expansion air-handling units, with matching condensers shall be
provided, sized so that with both units running, an internal temperature of 23 oC is not
exceeded. Humidity control is not required. If one of the units fail then the remaining unit
shall maintain a temperature not exceeding 35oC.
The air conditioning design shall include two or more separate installations, which shall
be individually electrically supplied and controlled.
HVAC system and equipment selection for the buildings will be capable of producing a
positive pressure (+5 mm wc) in the rooms, except battery rooms and toilets, where it will
be slightly less due to exhaust fans. The positive pressure will minimise the dust ingress
from outside.
During normal operation, the maximum indoor temperature shall not rise above 24 oC DB.
The maximum supply air relative humidity shall not exceed 75%.
Spare and empty gas bottles shall be separated and stored in an upright-chained position
and housed in a purpose built, well-ventilated, shaded and secured enclosure located at
least 20 m from combustible materials. Possible air pockets at high level shall be avoided.
Requirements are normally satisfied by the provisions of a cage of tubular frame, chain
link fencing and roof sheeting with an internal separation.
2.16.2.4 Kitchens
The guidelines given below address commercial catering installations, criteria for
domestic kitchens are given in Appendix K.
Often it is not possible to achieve comfort conditions in kitchen cooking areas at all times
because of the extremely high expenditure involved. In such cases, it should be sufficient
to maintain acceptable working conditions.
Generally air should be extracted from cooking and subsidiary areas through double-skin
hoods located over the main cooking and dishwashing equipment. Hoods should be sized
to overlap equipment by 100 mm, to have a minimum face velocity of 0.3 m/s and to have
a minimum clearance of 1900 mm above finished floor level. The hood volume should
suit the equipment covered. 80 – 85% of the replacement air should be provided, as
filtered outside air, at the internal perimeter of the hood. If this part of the replacement air
is supplied outside the hood, it should be 100% outside air-cooled to plenum conditions,
say 250C. Ducted, re-circulating systems should not be used because of greasing problems.
The remainder of the replacement air should be drawn from adjacent areas so that a
negative kitchen pressure is maintained to contain odours.
Extract ductwork shall be designed for ease of cleaning, with flanged joints and man-size
access doors, and shall be constructed of galvanised sheet steel, minimum thickness, 1.0
mm. Air velocities should be a minimum of 9 m/s. Extract fans should be treated for
moisture and heat, and attenuators should be avoided.
Comfort air conditioning should be provided by high level fan coil units.
The requirements for fire detection and protection in kitchens are included in SP-1075
Specification for Fire & Explosion Risk Management.
2.16.2.5 Laboratories
Laboratory air conditioning design shall be based on the specific requirements of the
laboratory work. However, the following guidelines should apply.
Laboratory working and solvent storage areas should be provided with 100% outside air
system, and should be under positive pressure to reduce dust ingress. In interior Oman,
heating should be included for winter morning start up. Ancillary areas, such as offices,
should be provided with separate, re-circulating systems such as fan coil units.
Mechanical exhaust should be provided for chemical and material storage areas, typically
at a rate of 6 – 15 air changes an hour, depending on the items stored.
Fume cupboards for use with hydrocarbons should have an acid resistant 18/12 stainless
steel internal fume chamber with integral bench top. The minimum air velocity over a
400 mm deep sash opening should be 0.75 m/s.
Fume cupboards for general use should have 1 mm thick high-pressure plastic laminate on
the sides and solid epoxy resin bench tops. The minimum air velocity over a 400 mm deep
sash opening should be 0.5 m/s.
All fume cupboards should be provided with airfoil sash opening profiles and high-level
by-pass grilles to ensure constant volume airstreams.
Fume cupboard exhaust ductwork shall be constructed of HDPE and shall not contain fire
dampers.
The internal fume chamber, exhaust ducting and exhaust fan shall be classified as Zone 1
hazard. The internal light fittings therefore shall be separated from the fume chamber by
an airtight glass plate. Solvent and gas bottle stores shall be classified Zone 2.
Air conditioning design parameters for temporary buildings, such as transportable units,
should be similar to those for permanent buildings. However, due to inferior thermal
conductivity characteristics, electric heating may be required.
Condensate drains from indoor terminal units should discharge to wash hand basins, or
sinks, before the trap to ensure that the connection to the drainage system is always sealed.
While drains may discharge into planter areas, the use of soakaways should be avoided.
Pipe work shall not be directly buried, nor chased in floors or walls, but shall be enclosed
in preformed ducts or voids.
Activation of a fire alarm shall cause the shutdown of air conditioning system, unless
continued operation of the system does not cause spread of smoke to outside the area
where the fire has been detected. In case of a H 2S alarm the air-conditioning system shall
shutdown automatically to prevent ingress of H2S into the building through fresh air
system.
Particular attention is drawn to the optimum temperature for multiplication of bacteria and
to the design, operation and maintenance of evaporative water-cooling systems.
2.17 Plumbing
Plumbing installation design includes the following services:
- Potable water,
- Domestic hot and cold water,
- Drainage,
- Liquid petroleum gas,
- Fire fighting water,
- Swimming pools,
- Irrigation.
Plumbing installation, materials and equipment shall comply with the following
specifications:
Potable water quality shall confirm to Oman STDS 08/98, which is reproduced in
Appendix-C of SP 1232 ‘Health Safety Environment & SD - Specification for Public
Health’. Normally, the primary source of potable water to specification will be provided by
the Company, which is outside the scope of the Building Services Project.
The demand, size, location and interface for the potable water main connection(s) should
be established with the Company at preliminary design stage.
Connection to existing potable water mains shall require prior Company approval. The
valve and meter may be supplied and installed, and the service connection made, by the
Company.
Demand will vary with time, location and population. Average and peak consumption
figures should be subject to individual analysis for each system.
However, in the absence of definitive data, the figures in Table 25 should be used for
average demands:
Coast
Interior
Similarly, peak demands may be taken as 5 times of the average. Average water demand
may be calculated based on the daily water consumption over a period of 12 hours. (Eg.
400 litre/ (12X3600) = 0.01 litre/ sec/ person)
Sinks 15 10
Showers/ sprays 7 7
- Major intersections,
- Branches off ring mains,
- Regular intervals on distribution mains shall be 400 m maximum spacing.
Valve chambers should be located in areas with easy access but not subject to heavy traffic.
Pipelines shall have facilities for venting air, flushing and cleaning. In secondary
distribution networks, air may be vented through building connections. In pipelines of
300 mm dia or greater, air valves and washouts should be provided at high and low points
respectively.
Water meters shall be provided for each large user, down to and including all Senior Staff
accommodation (married and bachelor), and on the main transmission line for each
distribution network.
Meters should be fitted above ground at building entries, or in valve chambers below
ground.
2.17.1.4 Storage
The capacity and location of main storage tanks should be agreed with the Company. In
general, not less than 24 hours storage should be provided in any distribution system, but
this will depend on the source and location of the water supply.
Main water tanks should be provided with visual level indicators, access ladders, access
manholes, (with adequate provision for safety and lighting) etc. Inlet and overflows
should be close to access points for maintenance purposes.
For individual buildings not connected to the regular potable water mains, like control &
electrical buildings in remote production and distribution stations, airstrip buildings and
like, 3000 litre GRP, to BS 4994, water tanks, one or in required numbers connected
serially, shall be provided on roof top to facilitate water supply to the building. Such tanks
shall have provisions to load by pumping water from a water tanker. The inlet to these
tanks should be fitted with 2” inlet piping with non-return valve. The inlet pipe must
terminate at 1.2 m above ground level on the outer wall of the building, from where the
water tank can access for loading.
2.17.1.5 Pumping
Pump sets should be designed to meet forecast peak demands. Constant pressure systems,
with run and standby facility, are preferred. The maximum pumping pressure shall be
50% of test pressure of the installed water pipes or 6 bar, whichever is minimum.
2.17.1.6 Sterilisation
Potable water systems shall be completely flushed out and sterilised, to the approval of the
Company, before being put into service.
Details of the sterilisation process are given in SP-1285 Specification Buildings Services
Chapter C ‘Plumbing Works’.
Design of HWS/ CWS systems shall comply with the requirements of BS 6700:
Specification for Design, Installation, Testing & Maintenance of Services Supplying Water
for Domestic Use within Buildings & their Cartilages.
While published data may be used as guidelines, estimated consumption of water should
be based on specific use as well as numbers of consumers and fittings. For example, for
Staff Accommodation Blocks in the interior, peak demand for HWS is for showers at the
end of shifts.
Number of showers
Section 2.17.1.1 gives typical per capita water demands for different applications.
Systems should be designed for supply directly from the potable water main unless there is
a specific requirement for storage. In any case, drinking water draw offs shall be taken
directly from the main.
HWS/ CWS systems shall be vented at all high points and provision for drain-down shall
be provided at all low points.
Treated effluent water may be used to flush toilet in order to conserve water. In such
situation, a separate close system shall be designed to tap from nearest irrigation source.
Refer also 2.17.8.
2.17.2.3 Isolation
The incoming main shall be provided with a stop valve and a drain cock, preferably
located immediately inside the building. The stop valve may be located in a valve
chamber adjacent to the building.
2.17.2.4 Insulation
HWS/ CWS pipe work exposed to ambient conditions, concealed in ducts and in false
ceiling voids, and in equipment rooms shall be insulated.
Surface mounted connections to equipment and fittings shall not be insulated but should
be painted.
2.17.2.5 Sterilisation
HWS/ CWS systems shall be completely flushed out and sterilised, to the approval of the
Company, before being put into service (see section 2.17.1.6).
All urinal cisterns, and other automatically flushed devices, Should be fitted with a Sensor
based control valve to limit waste of water. As an alternate, flush control may be achieved
by provision of push button flush pipe valves or by cistern cold feed control valves.
All WC flush system shall be designed to deliver a minimum amount of water required for
a sufficient flush, in not more than six seconds and shall comply with water saving devices
like half flush options to save water consumption.
Anal spray assemblies shall be provided for all AWC’s, and EWCs in public toilets, located
on the right hand side of the pan.
Water to showers should be taken, by a dedicated gravity feed, from a +cold-water storage
tank. However, if insufficient head is available or the water temperature may exceed 35
0
C, then a connection should be taken directly off the incoming main, immediately after
the main stop valve.
Eye wash stations shall be self-contained units, mounted on wall brackets, located within
10 sec or 30 m of the hazard and such that the water temperature shall not exceed 40 0C.
Units shall flush both eyes simultaneously and deliver not less than 1.5 1/min.
HWS deadlegs shall not exceed the lengths listed in Table 27. When dead legs do exceed
these lengths secondary HWS pumps shall be installed.
15 mm 12 m
22 mm 8m
28 mm 3m
2.17.3 Drainage
Design of above ground drainage systems shall comply with the requirements of BS EN
12056 ‘Gravity Drainage Systems inside buildings’
2.17.4 Sewerage
This section covers domestic sewage systems that discharge into treatment plants. Sewage
treatment is addressed in section 2.18 of this specification.
Systems should be designed in accordance with BS EN 752 Drain & Sewer Systems
Outside buildings and the following Company Standard Drawing STD-2-1030 Typical
Manhole Details.
2.17.4.1 Toilets
The accommodation for male and female personnel shall be kept separate. The minimum
number of fitments for offices, laboratories, training centres, workshops, canteens, etc
shall be as follows:
For Control rooms in plants, 1 WC, 1 hand-wash basin and I shower shall
be provided for every 10 persons on day shift. In addition, 1 urinal shall be
provided for every 10 men.
Local religious customs and/or regulations shall be followed with respect
to the location of WC suites and the like, including the installation of
foot-washing facilities.
2.17.4.2 Flow Rates
Rates of sewage flow vary with time, location and population. Average and peak flow
rates should be subject to individual analysis for each system. However, in the absence of
definitive data, the figures in Table 29 should be used for average dry weather flows
(DWF):
Coast
Interior
Similarly, in the absence of definitive data, peak flows may be taken as 5 times DWF.
Average DWF may be calculated based on the daily sewage discharge over a period of 12
hours. (Eg. 350 litre/ (12X3600) = 0.01 litre/ sec/ person)
Manholes shall be provided at all changes of direction and at all junctions. For straight
runs of pipe work, the maximum distance between manholes shall be 45 m.
2.17.4.6 Interceptors
Grease traps shall be provided at connections from catering installations and should be
located indoors to contain the temperature to less than 37 oC as higher temperatures will
inhibit the grease-dispersing agent. The use of enzyme dosing shall be considered during
design.
Petrol/oil interceptors shall be provided at connections from vehicle workshop and fuel
stations.
The placing of drainage pipe work under buildings shall be avoided wherever possible.
Where unavoidable, pipes shall be laid in straight lines at one gradient. In no case, rain
water pipes and drain pipes shall not pass through electrical equipment rooms and
basements. Access shall be provided for cleaning of obstructions in drains pipes within
building. Such access points within the building shall have screwed access covers.
2.17.4.8Structural Penetrations
Pipe work passing through retaining walls, footings, ground beams etc., shall be sleeved,
with the same material, and packed with polystyrene or similar. Flexible joints shall be
provided at exits from buildings.
Pumping of sewage should be avoided where possible since, in addition to the extra cost, it
also forms the weakest link in the operation of a sewage system.
While the sewage pumping station design must take account of peak flows, the emphasis
on sizing pumps and the sump together with the levels of the flow switches should be on
keeping the sewage flowing so that potential problems of septic in the sump and hydraulic
shock at the treatment plant are avoided. A typical flow rate would be 5 times DWF.
- BS 5482: Code of Practice for Domestic Butane and Propane Gas Burning
Installations &
Refer section.2.16.2.3.
2.17.5.2 Regulators
Secondary regulators should normally be supplied with each appliance, be fitted after the
appliance isolating valve, be adjustable, and be capable of reducing the gas pressure from
approximately 345 mb to the appliance operating pressure at maximum demand.
For catering and industrial systems, an emergency shut-off fire valve, normally of the
deadweight type, shall be provided in the main supply, upstream of the high-pressure
regulator(s). The valve should be operated manually, from exits, and automatically by the
fire detection system.
Cable or electrically activated systems may be used. Electrically operated actuators shall
be suitable for hazard Zone 1.
The following are accepted temperature ratings for deadweight gas valve fusible links.
Domestic LPG installations shall be carried out strictly in accordance with Company
Standard Drawing PDO-STD-2-1403.
Design of laboratory service should follow DEP 34.17.10.31.Gen and BS 3202: Laboratory
furniture & Fittings.
Company fire fighting design parameters are set out in SP-1075 Specification for ‘Fire &
Explosion Risk Management’. Brackish water should normally be considered too
corrosive for use as fire fighting water in buildings.
The Company standards for fresh water system materials and equipment shall comply with
the following: SP-1285 Specification for Buildings Services Chapter D ‘Fire Protection
Works’ and the Company Standard Drawing STD-2-1402: Typical Fire Water Details.
Hose reel installations should be designed so that the whole of each floor area is protected,
and no part of the area protected is more than 6 m from a hose nozzle when hose is
extended. Water supply should cater for a minimum of 3 hose reels operating at any time,
with a total flow rate of 2.3 1/s, at a working pressure of 2.1 bars (g) at the furthest reel.
The firewater installation should be an extension of the firewater mains. Where firewater
mains are not available, connection may be made to the domestic water supply. In such
cases, the connection shall be made before the incoming water main valve and be
dedicated to the hose reel installations, and fitted with an isolation valve a lockable devise.
In installations where the incoming main pipe work is UPVC, the service pipe work is
copper, and the hose reel pipe work is GI, then the GI branch shall be from the UPVC
before the change to copper.
Office areas hose reels should be automatic, swinging, recess type with 25m of 19mm
hose. Industrial area hose reels should be automatic, swing open, wall type with 30m of
25mm hose.
2.17.7.2 Hydrants
Tanks shall store water for both hydrant and hose reel supply, and should be sized to hold
sufficient water to supply 3 fire fighting jets, 19 mm nozzles, at 8.3 l/s for 45 minutes, i.e.
67.5m3 minimum. Tanks used for combined storage shall have a dedicated firewater
outlet, and a dedicated and secure firewater storage volume.
Below ground storage, such as swimming pools, with suction hose hydrants may be
appropriate.
Package fire pump sets shall be sized to supply 41.5 l/s with a minimum 4 bar (g) pressure
at the farthest hydrant.
2.17.8 Irrigation
Treated effluent (TE) from sewage treatment plants should be used for the irrigation of
Company community area soft landscaping.
TE irrigation applications shall comply with the requirements of the Ministry of Regional
Municipalities and Environment.
For some applications, it may be necessary or desirable to use potable water (PW). It is
therefore necessary to check directly with MRME Engineers on all such issues. In
addition, irrigation for Company residences should be taken off the dwelling PW supply,
after the water meter. In either case, the irrigation system demand should match the
quality and quantity of water available. The irrigation system shall comply with SP-1285
Specification for Buildings Services Chapter C ‘Plumbing Works’ & the following
Company Standard Drawings STD-2-1400: Typical Irrigation Details & STD-2-1401:
Typical Potable Water Details.
2.17.8.1 Demand
Irrigation water demands should be determined for individual schemes taking account
evaporation rates, soil conditions, salinity and consequent leaching requirements and the
method of irrigation.
Table 30 sets out typical figures for the maximum water required for mature planting in
the summer based on automatic or semi-automatic drip irrigation systems. Demands
would increase markedly if non-automatic irrigation were employed during daylight hours
when evaporation rates are very high. The figures given do not include for leaching.
Further details of planting requirements are given in SP-1279-Q Specification for Civil &
Building Construction – ‘Landscaping Works’.
Shrubs 16 litre/shrub/day
Hedges 12 litre/m/day
System Components
Distribution pumps
Filters
Control panel
Washouts
Sub mains
Pressure regulators
Isolating valves
(Contd.)
Laterals
Spray sprinklers
2.17.8.3 Storage
TE should be held in storage tanks similar to what is described in section 2.17.1.4. For
large TE irrigation systems, it may be preferable to provide more than one tank,
strategically located. Tanks should be sized to hold two days demand.
Storage tanks for TE shall be identifiable as not containing drinking water. Signage
should be in Arabic and English and the tanks should be painted green (even if they are
constructed of concrete).
Systems should be designed to operate 8 h a day in two equal periods, morning and
evening.
A run and a standby pump and pressure vessel should be provided together with a stainless
steel core filter with a fine-hole element.
Drip systems generally operate best under pressure of 1 to 3 bars. Pressure regulators,
before the zone solenoid valves, may be required to maintain these limits.
TE irrigation water pipe work shall be pigmented green to distinguish from PW.
2.17.8.7 Sprinklers
Since spray sprinklers normally require PW irrigation (refer section 2.17.8.), and incur
higher evaporation losses compared with drip emitters, their use should be avoided where
possible. However, sprinklers should be used for lawn irrigation since emitter systems
often leave blemishes.
Table 31 sets out typical emitter allocations for different plants, designed to apply the
quantities of water given in Table 30.
For Swimming Pools refer SP-1280 Specification for Swimming Pools – ‘Design &
Construction Guidelines’.
STD-2-1034: Soakaways
The location of sewage treatment plant should take the following factors into account.
Treatment plant throughout and peak flows should be determined as detailed in section
2.17.4.1.
Treatment should be by the activated sludge process with extended coarse bubble aeration,
chlorination and tertiary filtration, should be collected in a holding tank, and be used for
irrigation purposes. Water retaining structures of epoxy painted reinforced concrete, above
ground, should be preferred.
Control panels, pumps, filters and blowers should be housed in a naturally ventilated block
work with a telephone and external visual fault alarm.
An overflow pond should be provided for start-up, while process biology is being
established, and for maintenance purposes. Sludge should be collected in drying beds.
Potable water should be provided to a hand-wash trough and to a shower Hose bib taps,
which may supply treated effluent, should be provided at strategic locations for general
cleaning purposes. Treated effluent outlets shall be labelled “NOT DRINKING
WATER”, in Arabic and English.
Provision should be made for maintenance vehicle access and the whole of the sewage
treatment area should be secured within a Type of C fence. Photocell activated external
lighting should be provided around the main plant.
The sewage treatment plant should include, but not be limited to, the
following components.
System Component
(Contd.)
Walkway lighting
Auto-reset
PH
Chlorine
Measuring cylinders
The sewage treatment process and control philosophy should be agreed with the Company
during the preliminary design of each plant.
Sewage treatment plant shall comply with the regulations of the Ministry of Regional
Municipalities and Environment Table 32 gives current requirements in mg.l or ppm
(unless otherwise stated). For definition of A and B, refer Table 28.
(Contd.)
Table 33, below, provides details of the re-use of wastewater from a sewage treatment
plant. Wastewater quality shall at all times be within the limits that are set out in Table
32.
Area A B
Method of Spray or any other method of arial irrigation not permitted in areas
Irrigation with public access unless with timing control.
Facultative Ponds shall require special permit from MRME and PDO Corporate HSE
department. All Facultative pond shall be lined.
Facultative ponds should be sized on the basis of 2 months holding excluding losses. The
maximum holding level should be at a depth of 800 mm to achieve a reasonable balance of
aerobic and anaerobic action.
Bunds should be constructed of late-rite fine grade, maximum 40m, in layers of 150 mm,
well compacted up to 95% modified AASHTO. The internal bund gradient should be
1:1.5 maximum, top bund widths should be 1000 mm minimum and the external bund
gradient should be 1:2 maximum. The external bund face may have riprap. The height of
the bund should be 1200 mm above the floor of the pond.
The whole of the evaporative pond area should be secured within a Type G fence.
The design of septic tanks with soakaways should comply with the Company Standard
Drawing listed in section 2.18.
The design of pits for the collection of hydrocarbon waste shall comply with the Company
Standard Drawing STD-2-4025 and other standards listed in section 2.18.
- LV Electrical Supply
- Small Power
- In-door Lighting
- Emergency Lighting
- Outdoor Lighting
- Lightning Protection
- Telecoms
- Datacoms
- Audio
- Nurse Call
The entire electrical installation shall be designed to be suitable for the environment and
climatic conditions prevailing in the Sultanate of Oman.
Building services electrical supply design should normally comprise input to the design of
the LV main switchboard and earth bar, which should be part of the HV design scope,
together with the design of the LV electrical installation from the LV main switchboard
outgoings and the earth bar.
Vital service supply by no-break set (UPS) or emergency generator set shall not be part of
building services design, which shall be confined to local battery backup packages.
Electrical equipment shall be selected to comply with the following rated voltages and
frequencies.
415V/3ph/50Hz, 240V/1ph/50Hz
2.19.1.2 Loads
The electrical design shall include a schedule of connected and instantaneous loads, which
shall be updated during the design process to form the basis of the power supply and
distribution capacity. The figures given in Table 34 may be used for estimating purposes.
The power supply and distribution system should be designed with minimum 25% spare
capacity to accommodate changes and future expansion.
The overall system power factor, inclusive of reactive power losses in transformers and
distribution system equipment, shall not be less than 0.8 lagging at rated design load.
The voltage drop in cables between LV main switchboard outgoings and consumer
terminals shall not be more than 5%, based on continuous maximum current loading and
rated voltage. Moreover, during the starting and stopping of heavy loads, such as chiller
compressors, the transient voltage depression at the terminals of any motor shall not be
more than 20% of the rated equipment voltage.
Contractor Facility
While the sizing of above ground cables shall be in accordance with the IEE Regulations
(refer section 1.4.3 for the IEE), a basic de-rating factor, depending on cable size and type,
shall be used for underground cables. The figures given in Table 35 shall be used a
catchall factors.
Table 35: Overall De rating Factors for Underground LV Cables (Note: Not applicable to
cable groups)
25 – 150 mm 2 0.63
LV cables sizes 2.5 mm 2 to 10 mm2 may be PVC insulated, copper braid armoured, PVC
sheathed, (PVC/SWB/PVC).
2.19.1.6 Earthing
Minimum ring cable size shall be 70 mm 2, minimum radial cable size shall be 25 mm 2.
- Power outlets
- Shaver outlets
- Hand dryers
- Air-conditioners
- Ventilation fans
- Water heaters
- Cookers
- Refrigerators
- Insectocutors
SP-1099 Specification for Electrical Installation Practice, gives the Company Electrical
Standards for the following.
- General Requirements
- Cable Installation
- Earthing Systems
- Hazardous Area
- Equipment Installation
The Company Electrical Standard Drawings lists are contained in SP-1105 Specification
for Electrical Standard Drawings List.
Electrical designs shall include distribution board and feeder pillar single line diagrams
showing:
- Sub circuit ways, outgoing feeders, MCB/RCD/ELCB protection ratings, wire sizes
and sub areas served.
Distribution boards shall incorporate residual current type earth leakage circuit breakers to
provide discriminatory protection as follows.
Distribution boards shall not be located within toilets or ablutions. Neither power outlet
nor switch shall be located within 1 m of a water source, or under a water pipe.
A means of identifiable local isolation shall be provided for each connection to electrical
equipment.
All single-phase loads shall, as far as is practically possible, be evenly distributed over the
phases.
2.19.2.4 Cables
Cables in conduit or trunking shall be copper conductor, PVC insulated. Minimum size
shall be 2.5 mm 2.
PVC conduit shall be used only inside buildings in locations not liable to mechanical
damage. Only GI conduit shall be used for external work. Minimum conduit size shall be
20 mm. Design drawings should indicate the number and use (line, neutral and protective
earth) of cables in each conduit.
GI trunking should be used instead of multiple conduit runs. Trunking that is intended for
the accommodation of different services shall be divided into separate compartments to
provide complete cable separation.
Steel conduit and trunking shall be electrically and mechanically continuous throughout.
Earthing and bonding installations shall be shown on the electrical design drawings. All
metallic electrical equipment enclosures shall be earthed as described in section 2.19.1.6.
Exposed metalwork of all conduits, trunking, ducts, sheaths and armouring of cables, and
all fixed metalwork which is in reach of electrical apparatus, shall be bonded and earthed.
Such other fixed metalwork required, to be bonded and earthed shall include exposed
metal pipes, sinks and tanks.
The earth bonding connection to any water services entering a building shall be as near as
possible to the point of entry, after the isolation valve.
Minimum cable size for bonding metal pipes, sinks and the like shall be 6 mm 2.
General requirements for the illumination of Company facilities are given in Appendix L.
Where requirements are not listed in Appendix L, illumination levels should follow the
standards listed below: Indoor lighting design should comply with the recommendations of
the following.
2.19.3.1 Luminaries
As well as first cost, lamps should be selected for long life, giving reduced maintenance
and replacement costs, and low energy consumption. Where special requirements for
colour rendering exist, they should be met. Incandescent lamps should only be used for
decorative purposes. Low pressure sodium discharge lamps should not be used since they
represent a fire hazard in the event of breakage. Table 36 gives typical lamp selections for
standard applications.
Application Lamp
Fluorescent Ex e
Zone 1 & 2
HP discharge Ex d
Luminaries located in ablution and toilet areas shall be protected to IP54, in special cases,
for example, where cleaning is by water hose, IP55 may be required. Light switches in
ablution and toilet areas shall be pull cord operated.
Emergency lighting systems cover escape route lighting, exit sign indication and vital
lighting.
- Provide illumination along such routes to allow safe movement towards and
through the exits provided.
Ensure that the fire alarm call points and fire fighting equipment provided along escape
routes can be readily located.
Escape route and exit lighting shall be located at each exit door, emergency exit door, and
where necessary to identify potential hazards, that is,
- At corridor intersections
- At stair flights
General requirements for escape route and exit lighting are given in Appendix L.
An un-switched power supply shall be provided to keep the battery backup packs on
charge, and to sense mains failure.
Emergency lighting system design, installation and implementation shall confirm to the
requirements of BS 5266, Emergency Lighting.
Fixed escape route lighting shall actuate within 5 sec of normal lighting failure.
Illumination should be not less than 0.2 lux.
Exit light fittings should be maintained, self-contained slave units, with 3 hour battery
backup.
In cases where vital lighting is required for operational purposes, battery backup
conversion kits should be used in a proportion of the standard light fittings.
Appropriate vital illumination levels should be calculated in each case, but in the absence
of definitive data, the number of vital lamps as part of the total number of lamps may be
determined using Table 37.
Administrative Area 5%
Outdoor lighting installations shall comply with SP-1099 Specification for Electrical
Installation Practice section 2.5.5 Lighting.
Outdoor lighting fixtures shall be located a minimum distance of 0.5 m from the face of
roadway kerbs and a minimum 1.5 m from the face of car park kerbs.
Polycarbonate diffusers shall not be used unless they are certified as UV resistant.
Table 38 also gives minimum maintained illumination levels for outdoor lighting.
Power supplies for fire detection and alarm systems shall include a standby battery and
automatic charger, and shall be designed so as not to become inoperative in the event of
failure of the power supply. In general, stand by power supply shall be designed in
accordance with DEP 33.65.50.31-Gen. ‘Static DC Uninterruptible Power Supply (DC
UPS) Units’.
The main supply feeding the local annunciator panel shall be connected to a dedicated
circuit way on a distribution board which is part of the main switch panel. No other
service shall be connected to this circuit way and, where MCBs are used, the one serving
the fire protection system shall be coloured red and labelled, white/red/white, FIRE
ALARM-DO NOT SWITCH OFF (consideration should be given to providing a key
switch; the key being held by the fire officer). The main supply cable should follow the
least hazardous route available.
The battery backup power supply shall provide at least 24-hour of system operation plus
15-minute of full alarm.
The battery charger shall be capable of restoring the battery to full capacity within 8 hours
from fully discharged condition. Fault monitoring and alarm indication shall be provided
for:
A closed circuit principle shall be used, and all wiring shall be continuously monitored
such that any of the following conditions cause a FAULT indication at the local
annunciator panel.
c. Earth fault.
The control circuitry shall be so arranged such that none of the above conditions cause the
fire alarms to sound. Monitoring of the system shall be intrinsic in the control circuit
design and shall be automatic in operation, and shall not require manual operation of
switches or other apparatus.
Large buildings shall be suitably zoned in accordance with BS 5839 Fire detection and
Alarm system for buildings.
The local annunciator panel shall be located at the building main entrance and shall be
visible from outside the building. The panel shall indicate zone FAULT, and zone FIRE
which shall be activated by manual call points and automatic detection systems.
Activation of one zone alarm shall operate audible alarms on all zones. Activation of one
zone alarm shall also shutdown air-conditioning systems in all zones except for systems
that do not cause the spread of smoke outside the area of the fire. FAULT and FIRE
alarm shall be relayed to a central mimic panel, at a location specified by the Company.
2.20.2 Cables
Fire alarm and detection cables shall be segregated from other electrical services,
including those of similar voltage and frequency.
Cables shall be protected by armour, conduit or trunking. Buried cables shall have steel
wire armour and cables encased within building fabric may be in PVC conduit. Cables
should be exposed only in industrial applications.
Cables should be single copper conductor, minimum size 2.5 mm 2 for low voltage (240v)
and minim size 1.13 mm 2 for very low voltage (to 30v).
Mineral insulated cable should not normally be required for fire detection and alarm
systems.
- Exposure risk
- Use of structure
- Type of construction
- Location topography
Lightning protection system designs should follow the requirements of BS 6651, Code of
Practice for Protection of Structures Against Lightning.
The project scope of work, and the interface between the building services contractor and
the telecoms contractor, shall also be agreed with TCT. Normally, this will exclude the
pulling and the terminations of external telephone cable but will include the distribution
points, telephone outlets, and terminations at the distribution points, conduit and wiring,
and terminations at the outlets.
Company supplied materials, which are free issue to the building services contractor, shall
be specified by TCT. Normally, they will include:
- Underground ducting
- Distribution boxes
- Manhole accessories
The Company Standards for cable laying, manhole construction, duct installation and for
installation within buildings is given in PDO-ERD-71-01, Installation of Underground and
Internal Telephone Cable Networks.
The scope of building services design should normally be confined to the provision of
distribution ways, conduit, trunking or trays, and outlet points together with spatial
requirements for equipment.
The scope and design shall be agreed with approved by the Company Telecommunications
Department (TCT).
Normally, provision for TV shall be confined to built-in conduit and outlet points.
However, in cases where reception for individual buildings is not possible, a central
antenna system may be provided. For camps in the Oman Interior, a VCP system, as well
as a satellite dish, may also be included.
Concept design shall be part of the building services scope with detail design provided by
a Specialist Vendor. Both concept and detail design shall be subject to Company approval.
Concept and detail design scopes shall be as described in section 2.22.2. General
requirements for Nurse Call systems are given in Appendix L.
Appendices
Appendix A: Glossary of Definitions & Abbreviations
Appendix F: Skirting
Appendix G: Ceilings
Appendix J: Ironmongeries
the : The party with which the Company has entered into a Contract
Contractor
Manufacturer : A Party responsible for the manufacture of equipment and services to
perform the duties specified by the Consultant or the Company.
Worksite : The land and other places on, under, in or through which the Works
are to be executed.
the User : The Company, and/or Consultant, designate using this document.
Temporary : Any member or structure which needs to withstand loads and forces
Structures of a temporary nature, such as scaffolding, erection bracing, steel
props, commissioning facilities, etc. The word ‘temporary’ shall be
understood as a short period, limited to maximum of 2 years.
A.2 Abbreviations
B : Bottom
BS : British Standard
BWK : Brickwork
CP : Code of Practice
DIA : Diameter
DRG : Drawing
EF : Each Face
EW : Each Way
FF : Far Face
FS : Full Size
GI : Galvanised Iron
HOR : Horizontal
HP : High Pressure
HV : High Voltage
HW : Hardwood
(Contd.)
JE : Junior Employee
JS : Junior Staff
LV : Low Voltage
MAX : Maximum
MIN : Minimum
N : Neutral
NF : Near Face
No. : Number
PE : Protective Conductor
PW : Potable Water
RC : Reinforced Concrete
(Contd.)
SP : Specification
SS : Senior Staff
STD : Standard
T : Top
TE : Treated Effluent
UV : Ultra Violet
VERT : Vertical
The abbreviations used in this document for different building types are given in Table
A.3.1
ABL : Ablutions
ACC : Accommodation
(Contd.)
(Contd.)
KIT/1 : Kitchen – SS
KIT/2 : Kitchen – JS
KIT/3 : Kitchen – JE
LAB : Laboratory
LAU : Laundry
MOS : Mosque
(Contd.)
OFF : Office
SCH/2 : Kindergarten
SHO : Shop
(Contd.)
STO : Store
(Contd.)
WOR : Workshop
The abbreviations used in this document for different room types are given in Table A.4.1.
BAKE : Bakery
BAR : Bar
BATH : Bathroom
BED : Bedroom
BLDG : Building
CANT : Canteen
CLRM : Classroom
CORR : Corridor
(Contd.)
KTCH : Kitchen
LBRY : Library
LDRY : Laundry
LESR : Leisure
LIFT : Elevator
MORT : Mortuary
PTRY : Pantry
RECP : Reception
RSNT : Restaurant
(Contd.)
SH : Shower
SHOP : Shop
SL : Sluice
STWL : Stairwell
TV : TV / Video Room
(Contd.)
WARD : Ward
WC : Toilet
WKSP : Workshop
25 mm thick 0.58
(Contd.)
Boards
6 mm 0.14
Glass Fibre
Roof Boarding
25 mm thick 0.12
32 mm thick 0.14
(Contd.)
Steel 77.22
Tiling, Roof
0.48
Redwood 5.50
Note: For Abbreviations of Building Types & Room Types refer Tables A.3.1 & A4.1 in Appendix A.
DUCT 1.5 W7 F8 S7 C2 D9
ELEC 2.0 W7 F8 S7 C2 D9
ACC/1
ENTR 3.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9
EXTR 3.0 W3 F6 S8
ST/K 3.0 W1 F3 S1 C2 D9 G6
STWL 3.0 W1 F1 S2 C3
ACC/1
WC 1.5 W2 F4 S4 C3/5 D9 G10
BATH 1.5 W2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G5
DINE 2.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9 G6
DUCT 1.5 W7 F8 S7 C2 D9
ELEC 2.0 W7 F8 S7 C2 D9
EXTR 3.0 W3 F6 S8
ST/K 3.0 W1 F3 S1 C2 D9 G6
STWL 3.0 W3 F8 S7 C3
BED 1.5 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9 G7
ENTR 3.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9
ACC/3
EXTR 3.0 W3 F6 S8
STWL 3.0 W3 F8 S7 C3
WC 1.5 W2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G5
EXTR 3.0 W3 F6 S8
SH 2.0 W2 F4 S4 C3 D11
STWL 3.0 W3 F8 S7 C3
WC 1.5 W2 F4 S4 C8 D11
BED 1.5 W1 F3 S1 C8 D9 G8
ELEC 2.0 W7 F8 S7 C2 D9
EXTR 3.0 W3 F6 S8 C8
SH 2.0 W2 F4 S4 C3 D11
WC 1.5 W1/2 F4 S4 C7
EXTR 4.0 W3 F6 S8
ST/B 7.5 W1 F8 S7 C2 D9
ST/D 7.5 W1 F8 S7 C2 D9
ST/G 5.0 W1 F8 S7 C2 D9
ST/K 7.5 W1 F8 S7 C2 D9
ST/P 5.0 W1 F4 S5 C2 D9
EXTR 7.5 W3 F6 S8
ELE/2 100 mm
ALL
Gravel
EXTR 7.5 W3 F6 S8
OFF 3.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9 G-
WC 2.0 W2 F4 S4 C2 D9 G5
EXTR 5.0 W3 F6 S8
FIR/1 WC 2.0 W2 F4 S4 C2 D9 G5
WC 2.0 W2 F4 S4 C2 D9 G5
WC 2.0 W2 F4 S4 C2 D9 G5
ST/E 5.0 W7 F8 S7 C1 D8
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C2 D9 G5
EXTR 2.0 W3 F6 S8
WC 1.5 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6
MORT 2.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D3
BED 1.5 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9 G9
RECP 2.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D2 G-
SL 2.0 W1/6 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6
WC 2.0 W2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6
WC 1.5 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6
EXTR 3.0 W3 F6 S8
CLNR 2.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9
CORR 4.0 W1 F5 S4 C5 D1
DINE 4.0 W1 F3 S1 C5 D1 G1
EXTR 4.0 W3 F6 S8
ICE 3.0 W1 F5 S4 C3 D9
ST/G 4.0 W1 F8 S7 C3 D9
TV 3.0 W1 F10 S3 C3 D3 G1
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6
DINE 4.0 W1 F3 S1 C5 D1 G1
EXTR 4.0 W3 F6 S8
ICE 3.0 W1 F5 S4 C3 D9
ST/G 4.0 W1 F8 S7 C3 D9
TV 3.0 W1 F10 S3 C3 D3 G1
MES/2 &
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6
MES/3
MOS/1 DOME W5 C2 G7
EXTR 3.0 W3 F6 S8
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G3
CORR 4.0 W1 F3 S1 C4 D1
OFF/1 &
OFF/2
ELEC 3.0 W1 F8 S7 C2 D9
ENTR 4.0 W1 F3 S1 C5 D1
EXTR 4.0 W3 F6 S8
PROJ 2.5 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9 G7
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6
DINE 4.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D1 G-
FILE 5.0 W1 F3 S1 C3 D9
EXTR 4.0 W3 F6 S8
STWL 4.0 W7 F8 S7 C3
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C5 D9 G6
WKSP 10.0 W1 F8 S7 C2 D1
EXTR 4.0 W3 F6 S8 C3
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6
EXTR 4.0 W3 F- S8
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G6
ST 5/m W1 F4 S4 C2 D3
EXTR 5.0 W3 F6 S8
EXTR 5.0 W3 F- S8
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G5
FILE 5.0 W1 F8 S7 C3 D9
WKSP 20.0 F-
ST 2.5/m W7 F8 S7 D9
WARE 2.5/m W7 F8 S7 D3
WC 2.0 W1/2 F4 S4 C3 D9 G5
Type Description
15mm cement/sand render applied in two coats. Primed with one coat PVA
primer/seal and two coats PVA copolymer based putty filled, rubbed down
with fine sandpaper to completely even surface and painted with two coats of
washable and steam resistant emulsion paint – Vinyl Silk finish. (It should
be noted that while Vinyl Silk finish is specified here this may not be always
the case: sometimes Gloss Oil to Dado is required; or Matt finish; or Gloss
finish all over, etc., if in doubt check with the Company).
10mm cement/sand render to block work walls applied in two coats. Second
coat keyed with cross hatching and combing to receive 5.5mm thick glazed
ceramic wall tiles of specified size. Tiles fixed and grouted with
manufacturer’s recommended epoxy based adhesive. All adhesives should
be waterproof. Shower grouting should be waterproof and kitchen grouting
should be epoxy to prevent growth of bacteria etc. Tiling full height or to
heights indicated on drawings. All external angles to be formed using round
edged tiles. Round edged tiles to be used at change in wall finish.
Fair faced block work and fair faced in-situ concrete. Cleaned down and
flush pointed. Cement/Sand wash bag rubbed, applied over entire surface
and finished to 4.5mm overall thickness with one coat of PVA Copolymer
emulsion paint. Emulsion paint priming coat and one coat roller applied
heavy texturised external copolymer emulsion paint finish coat. Final
texture by sponge or spatula.
Fair faced block work walls cleaned down and dampened. Finished to
15mm overall thickness with two coats trowel. Fibrous Epoxy Plaster
applied in accordance with manufacturer’s printed instructions. Surface
blemishes sanded down with fine sand paper. For Squash courts the wall
court markings are to be made with polyurethane paint.
W5 Mosque Dome
Rendering with steel float finish. One coat of primer sealer, two coats PVA,
two undercoats and two coats of full gloss.
Type Description
Fair faced block work cleaned down and flush pointed. Cement/sand wash,
bag rubbed applied over entire surface and finished with 1 coat PVA
Primer/sealer and 2 coats washable and steam resistant emulsion.
Stainless steel angle corner guards 2.0m long to protect all external angles
of walls, including door jambs. Bottom edge level with top of skirting.
10mm cement/sand render to block work walls applied in two coats. Second
coat keyed with cross hatching and combing to receive 7mm thick acid
resistant ceramic wall tiles of specified size. Tiles fixed and grouted with
manufacturer’s recommended acid resistant epoxy based adhesive. Tiling to
heights indicated on drawings or upto 1500 mm from floor level. All
external angles to be formed using round edged tiles. Round edged tiles to
be used at change in wall finish. Above tiling, the wall surface shall be
painted as indicated in W1 but with silky white acid resistant paint
Note: Refer Appendix C for wall finishes in different buildings and rooms.
Type Description
12.5mm thick shot faced clay floor quarry tiles to specified size (BS 6431
type A). Bedded and jointed in cement/sand mortar (1:4) on cement/sand
floor screed. Overall thickness of tiles and screed 50mm or laid to falls as
required.
F6 PC Interlocking Tiles
Type Description
Size of tiles 600mm x 600mm x 7.3mm. Laid with medium stick latex
anti-slip solution on 50mm cement/sand screed, sealed with anti-dust
compound.
Two pack high build epoxy coating. Applied onto 50mm cement/sand
screed. Wire brushed to remove laitence and filled with solventless filter.
9 mm thick of specified size acid resistant ceramic floor tiles fixed as per
details specified in F4. All adhesives and pointing/ grouting shall be of
acid resistant material
Note: Refer Appendix C for floor finishes in different buildings and rooms.
Type Description
S5 Wall tiles with right angle butt to floor with 3mm mastic pointed abutment.
S6 Trunking skirting.
S9 Coved acid resistant ceramic tiles with special corners, matching floor tiles.
Appendix G: Ceilings
Type Description
C6 Softwood ‘T’ and ‘G’ chamfered match boarding with secret fixing and
clear matt finish (all as detailed).
C11 Metal lay-in ceiling with exposed grid and bagged sound insulation over.
C12 Acid resistant silky white painted smooth fair face concrete.
Note: 1. Access panels shall be provided and coordinated into ceilings and
allow proper access to equipment over.
Type Description
D5 As D1 and HW louvers.
D6 As D4 single door.
D7 Flush door with flush side panel for wide furniture access.
D8 As D7 with HW louvers.
D12 By Specialist.
Note: 1. Doors will vary in width to suit the plan, also where required frames
may be storey height and ventilation grilles may be set into the doors.
Type Description
G1 Low-level fixed lights with high level bottom hung ventilator (1450mm
high, 1250mm wide).
G9 Mid height, fixed light with bottom hung over (800mm wide).
G13 Low level, one sliding, one fixed (2000mm wide) patio door.
Note: Refer Appendix C for window types in different buildings and rooms
Appendix J: Ironmongeries
Table J.1: Ironmongery Pack
Pack A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
Mortise latch
Pack A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
(Contd.)
Pack A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
Limit stays
Push plate 1
Note: All Cylinder locks to have 5 individual keys, 3 Sub-Master keys per block/ floor, 2 Builders Master key, and 1 Grand Master.
The above list of ironmongeries is only a guideline. Since a variety of products are available in the market, ironmongeries list from approved brand shall
be selected in consultation with client.
Building Room A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
ACC/1 BATH
BED
DINE
DUCT
ELEC
EXTR
KTCH
LNGE
ST/K
ACC/2 BATH
BED
DUCT
ELEC
(Contd.)
Building Room A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
ACC/2 EXTR
ST/K
ACC/4 BATH
BED
ELEC
EXTR
SERV
ST/K
STWL
WC
ACC/5 BATH
BED
ELEC
(Contd.)
BUILDING ROOM A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
ACC/5 EXTR
KTCH
LNGE
SERV
ST/K
WC
CON/1 - 3 CLNR
ELE/3 ALL
EXTR
OFF
WC
(Contd.)
BUILDING ROOM A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
GAR/1 EXTR
WC
GAR/2 EXTR
OFF
WC
GAR/3 EXTR
ST/F
WC
GUA/1 ALL
EXTR
WC
HOS/1 BATH
ST/M
(Contd.)
BUILDING ROOM A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
HOS/1 EXAM
OFF
ST/H
MORT
BED
PTRY
RECP
SL
WC
TRMT
HOS/2 REDX
WC
(Contd.)
BUILDING ROOM A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
KIT/1/2/3 EXTR
KTCH
OFF
MES/1 BAR
ST/L
CLNR
CORR
DINE
EXTR
ICE
KTCH
(Contd.)
BUILDING ROOM A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
LNGE
RECP
SERV
MES/1
ST/K
WC
TV
DINE
EXTR
ICE
KTCH
LNGE
(Contd.)
BUILDING ROOM A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
RECP
SERV
TV
MOS/1 DOME
ENTR
EXTR
PRAY
WC
MOS/2
OFF/1 To CORR
OFF/3
ELEC
(Contd.)
BUILDING ROOM A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
OFF/1 TO ENTR
OFF/3
EXTR
OFF
ST/G
WC
REC/5 ELEC
PROJ
STND
WC
REC/6 EXTR
SCH/1 To ALL
SCH/4
EXTR
KTCH
(Contd.)
BUILDING ROOM A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
SCH/1 TO SERV
SCH/4
ST/G
WC
WKSP
EXTR
SPO/1 ELEC
EXTR
SQCT
WC
VIEW
SPO/2 ALL
EXTR
WC
(Contd.)
BUILDING ROOM A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
EXTR
WC
WC
WC
WOR/1 To EXTR
WOR/4
OFF
WARE
Room Temp Relative Min Fresh Air Min Air Max Noise Min Illumination
Building Room 0
C Humidity %RH l/s Change Per h Rate NR Lux
Project Specific * * * * * *
Standard Rooms
BATH ” ” No 6 40 150
BED ” ” ” No 30 150
BTRY 24 – 30 No ” * 45 150
CLNR No No No ” 45 100
CORR No ” No No 40 150
(Contd.)
Room Temp Relative Min Fresh Air Min Air Max Noise Min Illumination
Building Room 0
C Humidity %RH l/s Change Per h Rate NR Lux
Project Specific * * * * * *
Standard Rooms
DARK ” ” No 6 35 *
ENTR ” ” No No 40 300
FILE ” ” ” ” 40 300
ALL
GYM ” ” Std ” 40 300
ICE ” ” ” ” 45 150
OFF1 ” ” ” 4 35 500
Room Relative Min Fresh Air Min Air Max Noise Rate Min Illumination
Building Room
Temp 0C Humidity %RH l/s Change Per h NR Lux
Project Specific * * * * * *
Standard Rooms
OFF2 ” ” ” 4 35 500
PRAY ” ” ” No 35 150
PROJ ” ” No * 35 150
RECP ” ” ” No 40 300
SHOP ” ” No No 40 300
SQCT ” ” ” ” 40 500
SERV ” ” ” ” 45 150
SH No No ” 6 45 150
ST/O ” ” ” No 45 150
Room Relative Min Fresh Air Min Air Max Noise Rate Min Illumination
Building Room
Temp 0C Humidity %RH l/s Change Per h NR Lux
Project Specific * * * * * *
Standard Rooms
TLET No No No 6 45 150
VIEW ” ” ” ” 40 150
WAIT ” ” ” ” 40 200
WC No No ” 6 45 150
(Contd.)
Room Relative Min Fresh Air Min Air Max Noise Rate Min Illumination
Building Room
Temp 0C Humidity %RH l/s Change Per h NR Lux
Project Specific * * * * * *
Standard Rooms
-18 1 ” ” ”
DPFZ 45 150
(depends)
ST/P ” ” ” ” 40 150
MORT ” ” No ” 40 150
HOSP (ALL)
RECP ” ” “ ” 40 300
(Contd.)
Room Relative Min Fresh Air Min Air Max Noise Rate Min Illumination
Building Room
Temp 0C Humidity %RH l/s Change Per h NR Lux
Project Specific * * * * * *
Standard Rooms
ST/M ” ” No ” 40 150
TRMT ” ” ” ” 35 300
HOSP (ALL)
WARD Std Std Std ” 35
XRAY ” ” ” ” 35 200
ST/K ” ” ” No 45 150
Room Relative Min Fresh Air Min Air Max Noise Rate Min Illumination
Building Room
Temp 0C Humidity %RH l/s Change Per h NR Lux
Project Specific * * * * * *
Standard Rooms
ST/B ” ” * * 45 150
LAB (ALL)
ST/F ” ” * * 40 500
ST/L ” ” ” ” 40 150
ST/B No No * * 45 150
STO (ALL)
ST/C * Std No * 40 150
(Contd.)
Room Relative Min Fresh Air Min Air Max Noise Rate Min Illumination
Building Room
Temp 0C Humidity %RH l/s Change Per h NR Lux
Project Specific * * * * * *
Standard Rooms
Y = qty as rqd
ROOM = internal
A = automatic
E5 FIRE ALARM
M = manual
Standard Rooms
BAR Y Y M Y 1 Y Y Y Y
BTRY Y A Y * Y
CANT Y Y A Y Y Y Y Y Y
CHRM Y Y Y Y
CLNR Y Y Y
CLRM Y Y Y
ALL CONF Y Y A Y Y Y Y
CORR Y Y A Y Y
CTRL Y Y A Y Y Y
DARK Y Y Y Y
DINE Y Y A Y Y Y Y
ENTR Y Y A
FILE Y Y Y
GYM Y Y A Y Y
ICE Y Y Y
LBRY Y Y Y Y Y Y
LDRY Y Y M Y Y Y Y
LNGE Y Y A Y Y Y Y 1
OFF1 4 Y 1 1
OFF2 4 Y 2 1
ALL OFF3 Y Y Y Y Y
PRAY Y Y Y
PROJ Y Y Y Y Y
RECP Y Y A Y Y Y 1
RSNT Y Y M Y 1 Y Y Y
SHOP Y Y 1 Y 1
SQCT Y Y 1 Y 1
SERV Y Y Y
(Contd.)
SH Y Y
ST/O Y Y A Y
TLET Y Y Y Y Y
TV Y Y Y Y Y
ALL
UTIL Y Y A Y Y
VIEW Y Y
WAIT Y Y Y
WC Y Y
ABL BLDG Y Y Y
BLDG Y A Y
BATH 1 Y Y
ACC/1 &
ACC/2
BED 4 Y 1 1 Y
KTCH Y Y Y Y Y 1
(Contd.)
BLDG Y A Y Y
ACC/3 BATH Y Y Y
BED 1 Y 1 1 1 1
BLDG Y A Y Y
ACC/4 & /5
BED 1 1 Y 2 1 1 1
AIR/1 BLDG Y Y A Y Y 1 Y Y Y
BLDG Y A Y
BAKE Y Y Y Y Y Y
CDST Y Y + Y +
LDRY Y Y Y Y
ST/K Y Y Y
ST/P Y Y Y +
(Contd.)
BLDG Y A Y
CTRL Y Y Y Y Y Y
EXP BLDG Y * + +
GUA/1 BLDG Y Y 1 Y
BLDG Y A Y Y Y Y
BATH Y 1 Y
EXAM 2 Y A Y 1 1 1
HOS (ALL)
MORT 2 Y 1 Y +
RECP 2 Y A Y Y 1 Y 1
REDX Y Y 1 Y
(Contd.)
ST/M 1 Y A Y Y
TRMT Y Y A Y 1 Y
HOS/ALL WARD Y Y A Y Y 1 1 Y
WC Y 1 Y
XRAY Y Y 1 Y
BLDG Y M Y
KTCH Y Y Y Y Y + Y + Y
PREP Y Y Y Y Y Y
ST/K Y Y
BLDG Y A Y
CORR Y Y Y Y
LAB (ALL)
LABO Y Y Y Y Y +
LABW Y Y Y Y Y +
(Contd.)
ST/B Y +
LAB (ALL)
ST/C Y Y Y Y
BLDG Y A Y
REC Y Y Y Y
MES (ALL)
ST/E Y Y
ST/L Y Y
REC/1 to 4 BLDG Y Y M Y Y
REC/5 BLDG Y Y M Y Y
REC/7 AREA Y
ROS AREA Y
SCH/1 to 3 BLDG Y Y A Y Y Y
SHO/1 BLDG Y M Y
SHO/2 BLDG Y Y M Y Y
SPO/1 to 3 BLDG Y A Y
SPO/5 AREA Y
(Contd.)
SPO/6 BLDG Y A Y Y Y Y
SPO/7 AREA Y
STO/1 BLDG Y A
STO/2 BLDG Y A
STO/3 BLDG Y A
STO/4 BLDG Y A
STO/5 to 7 BLDG Y A
STO/8 AREA Y
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