i

THE MORAL EFFECTS OF HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION ON

ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN OBUBRA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF
CROSS RIVER STATE

BY

OPEKE JOB PHILIP

REG NO: CRSCOE/SV/2014/11271
DEPARTMENT: HOME ECONOMICS

SUMMITED TO
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
CROSS RIVER STATE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, AKAMKPA

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE

AWARD OF NIGERIA CERTIFICATE IN EDUCATION (NCE)

JANUARY, 2018.
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CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this project was carried out by Opeke Job Philip

with registration No: CRSCOE/SV/2014/11271 of the department of Home

Economics, school of Vocational and Technical Studies, Cross River State

College of Education Akamkpa, under my supervision

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his mercy, love and care

throughout my study year in school.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my profound gratitude to the lord God almighty who gave me

the grace and privilege despite all the challenge he has always been there for me.

I also want to thank my project supervisor Mrs. Aaron, Hannah Asu

whose cooperation, constructive advice, self-sacrifice, hard work and

stimulating suggestions were instrumental in shaping and guiding this research

to a meaningful and successful completion, God will reward you and your

family.

My appreciation also goes to my parents Mr.& Mrs. Philip Opeke Emudo

who has always been there for me in financial assistances and otherwise,

especially my mum who has always been there for me in terms of food stuff and

other support throughout my stay in the school and may God almighty bless her

Amen.

Great thanks go to my uncle Mr. Job Opeke for their financial assistance,

care and love throughout my academic period and I pray that God almighty

bless him and grant his desires.

My best appreciation goes to my Rev. Mrs. Victor Ubgu who has also

been contributing and supporting me with prayers, putting me in God hands and
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I pray that God should grant his request and his need.

My awesome thanks goes to my best friends who were there for me

throughout my academic stay in the college Nancy Ibor, a wonderful thanks to

Christiana, Nelson, Chinereye, Omezirike, Pst. Bassey B. Edem (Living Faith

Church, Okoyong) and to others whom in one way or the other who contributed

in my academic success in college of education, Akamkpa.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATION................................................................................................. ii
DEDICATION ..................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................... iv
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study ....................................................................................... 1
Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................... 4
Objectives of the Study ......................................................................................... 5
Research Question ................................................................................................. 6
Purpose of the study .............................................................................................. 7
Scope of the Study
CHAPTER TWO:REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Review of Moral Effects ...................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design .................................................................................................. 19
Area of the Study................................................................................................. 19
Population of the Study ....................................................................................... 20
Sample and Sampling Techniques ...................................................................... 20
Instrument for Data Collection............................................................................ 21
Validation of the Instrument ............................................................................... 22
Method of Data Collection .................................................................................. 22
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS
Presentation of Results ........................................................................................ 23
Discussion of Findings ........................................................................................ 27
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CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Summary ............................................................................................................. 28
Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 29
Recommendations ............................................................................................... 29
Suggestion for Further Studies ............................................................................ 30
REFERENCES .................................................................................................. 31
APPENDIX ........................................................................................................ 33
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
High standard of morality is a virtue that enhances the greatness of any

nation. In order to ensure that the moral code of a nation is genuine, morality as

an essential ingredient for the development of an ideal character and desirable

education is expected to be inculcated right from the home to the school.

However a child whose discipline has been consistent knows what is

acceptable and what is disapproved. The school as a social system and what is

breaks the needs of the society into minute details to impacts to the students is

expected to make moral education an integral part of the school subjects as

specified in national policy in education.

Despite the expectation of the society certain school subjects does not

emphasis high morals. Home Economics that is looked upon as an all-female

school subject is guided by high moral standards and embrace high moral

standards in all its branches. The underlying principles here is that every

individuals is from a home, therefore if one is taught morality right from home,

and it continues at school, the child will not depart from it. Furthermore in the

practical process of putting the home in order and running it effectively as they
 2

do each day, children become oriented towards the social and cultural values

and expectation of their immediate community and society in general.

The concept of morality is concerned with developing an individual’s

capacity for moral judgment and sound character values subsumed by morality

include: goodness, truth, forgiveness, Sympathy, diligence, self – imposed

discipline, obedience, justice and fair play to mention but a few. These

according to Bull can be taught in the light of two opposing sides of the coin of

good / bad, appropriate/ inappropriate and right and wrong.

Since education without a sound moral foundation is lopsided and

incomplete but an educated person with sound moral character is useful to the

society than one without moral conscience, this study undertake to examine the

moral effects of Home Economics education on adolescent girls in Obubra

Local Government Area of Cross River State.

Theory on Morality Reviewed As Follows: Theory by Piaget (1965)

Individual total moral development depends on his upbringing of right

and wrong base on what the parents permits or forbids.

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Theory by Jurojaiye (Je) (1977)

Drawing a balance between what is due to oneself and what is due to

others, the development of the ability to postpone immediate pleasure for full

satisfaction in the future enables the existence of morality in individuals.

Theory by Hall O. A 1961

An effective learning situation is that which students are motivated to

learn and they can see clearly what they are trying to learn and how they can

apply it to real life thereafter. The ways families arrive at a decision and their

attitude towards the dual sharing of home making, becomes their patter of

preference and their child rearing practice are often a reflection of the modes

and morals of the community. A community does not usually institute a

particular family living practice, nevertheless, because the community is

composed of persons who share similar sentiments and who choose to settle in a

particular area. It then tends to reflect and perpetuate a way of life that is

considered acceptable by those living there.

Theory by Blair, Jones and Sampson (B.J) 1975

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Morality is not a unitary set of traits that is consistent for all situations and

at all times. Whims and caprices of different stimulus and situations determine

the kind of moral behavior portrayed at any given time. A man is healthy when

he is in harmony with the environment and, he is sick when discord prevails.

This concept on man’s health status has to do with family life, socialization

process, and knowledge of what is good and bad, all capable of ensuring

morality.

Statement of the Problem

The issue of morality has been a matter of great concern to the entire

nation. The nature of education in Nigeria is developed and structured in

response to many divers, distinct needs and demands of the society. This

problem will be discussed under the independent and dependent variables.

Independent variables include morals:

1. Types of school (boys and girls school)

2. Teaching aids (projectors, audio visual) chalkboard, tape recorder and

microphones
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3. Quality of teachers (trained teachers, untrained, university graduates,

polytechnic graduates)

4. Subject taught (home management moral instruction, human leaning)

Dependent variables on Adolescent girls include:

1. Society – cosmopolitan, rural, urban

2. Family background – (nuclear, polygamous, divided family, single family,

intact family)

3. Peer group – (age group, classification)

Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the study are to examine carefully the moral effects of

Home Economics studies on adolescent girls in secondary school in Obubra

Local Government Area.

1. Dose lack of man – power in the field of Home Economics have any effects

on the adolescent?

2. Dose lack of parent educational attainment affect the adolescent?

3. How dose lack of interest of student in Home Economics studies affect the

adolescent?

4. How does Home Economics study affect adolescent?

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Research Questions
1. Do moral values influences female student perception of learning materials?

2. How dose Home Economics studies effect adolescent?

3. Do female students in single sex school differ from female student in mixed

school with regards to their morals

4. Is moral laxity related to student, low perception of the effectiveness of their

teachers?

5. Moral values significant influence on female student perception learning

materials

HYPOTHESIS

The following research hypothesis are formulated to guide the study

1. Female student in single sex school do not possess higher moral values than

their values than their counter part co-educational school

2. Moral values do not significantly change female student perception of

learning materials

3. Moral laxity is not significantly related to student low perception of the

effective use on their teachers

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4. Qualified Home Economics teachers have a significant moral effect on

adolescent girls

5. There is no significant influence of family background on adolescent girls

moral

Purpose of the Study

This study focuses its attention on how Home Economics can affect

adolescent girl. The studies of Home Economics in Secondary School in Obubra

Local Government Area may provide extensive information from the students to

the masses in Obubra who might not have acquired the knowledge of

adolescent. The results of the finding from this study will give government an

idea on the needs. Home Economics in all Secondary Schools in Obubra Local

Government Area. It will also add to the wealth of accumulated knowledge in

the field of psychology, counseling and moral instructions.

Scope of the Study

This study is on moral effect of Home Economics studies on adolescent

girl, it is limited to Obubra Local Government Area of Cross River State in all

the Government Secondary Schools in the Area.

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Definition of Terms

Home Economics: This is a broad field of study that is primarily concerned

with the improvement of the welfare of individuals and family. It deals with all

aspects of family life. It draws knowledge from many disciplines such as

Biological, physical, social sciences, humanities and Arts.

Adolescent: This refers to a young person beyond the age of ten years with

physical character of adult maturation.

Effects: These are the outcome of undergoing or being involved in a situation of

learning.

Moral: The internal bindings which the individual imposes on himself or herself

and towards those whom she is willing to respect in her dealing

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CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Moral is a social variable that manifest itself as an individual relates with

other and therefore cannot be defined outside the frontier of social norms and

values. In every human society, the moral behavior of the individual citizen

constitutes the corner stone on which healthy and smooth functioning of the

society rest. Though the society sets the standard for moral, the better the moral

behavior of an individual the greater the happiness, stability and the security of

the society.

For the literature of this study the researcher has resorted to limit its

resourcefulness to books, magazines, and journals etc. This study is to be

reviewed under Home Economics study and moral instruction.

Review of Moral Effects

According to Rokeach (2010) the relationship between one’s values

proportion and one’s level of moral is based on the notion that one’s value and

the levels of priority attained provides a standard of living and moral functions

in the same way except that it gives one’s every day interactions with follow

men towards more human levels of action.

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Therefore, one determinant of an individual’s vocational choice as in

Home Economics develops her system of values, namely: what she considers

important and what is unimportant in her work situation.

Durojaiye (2015) see morality as a psychological construction which is

the ability to draw a balance between what is due to others, the development of

the ability to postpone immediate pleasure for full satisfactions in the future.

This means morality exists in the individuals and manifests as the individual

relates to his neighbors.

Durojaiye (2015) contends that the commonest way of developing moral

behavior in the society is though unconscious imitation of others apart from the

child’s immedecite family whom he had earlier received rules from.

Kolbers (2014) sees moral as process of development includes ability of

the individual to distinguish what is right or wrong. It is also the development of

a system of ethical attitude and moral which all persons pass through at different

rates based on a person's social experience with the environment posits.

In the same view, Carrutters (2003) found that the vocational moral an

individual holds to constitute an essential and important element of his

motivational structure. He further added that one determinant of an individual’s

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occupational choice as he attempts to develop her system of moral, namely,

what’ she considers are the moral system of a society which she is reared which

fashions the dimensions and other tones of his personality.

In Farrant (2010) discovered that every society has certain moral that it

uses to regulate the life of its members. He revealed that terms like freedom,

democracy, authority, equality, justice and honest are a few of the examples of

the morals that are widely accepted which individuals consider in making their

choice of occupation.

To Steers, (2014) views that in Uganda, Investigated a study on Job

satisfaction and occupation moral and discovered that the morals people hold for

choosing a job include among other things that the job must be well paid. A

course like Home Economics fit in that very well.

Oloyinka (2009) on job aspiration and occupational provisions for

students in Lagos State he used 96 boys and 70 girls as his subject of farm, four

of two mixed secondary schools, the findings revealed some subjects were

attracted to some vocations because high salaries were expected from them,

humanitarian reasons while others desired to acquire more knowledge to spread

to others and with knowledge of Home Economics one can always teach others.
 12

Another study by Ligert and Poster (2000) at Cote Devoire. They found

that stability and security were preferred as reasons for seeking a job one

prestige and income Home Economics provides individuals with stability and

security.

According to Hartstone and May (2012) suggest that moral conduct is

best taught or as relations to the nature of specific situation rather than as

absolute character traits. For moral values tend to vary among people also within

the individual at different times and under different conditions.

Shertzer (2001) posits that moral may be likened to one’s conscience, or

sense of what is right and wrong, moral permit the enduring of pains and looked

beyond immediate pleasure in a particular situation. It enables an individual to

impose order, on his experience so that life is not so confused and it determines

his goals.

Bassey (1991) says as a young people approaches and enters adolescent

years they became increasingly able to generalize and conceptualize moral rules

and principles. With the ability to understand general moral concept, the

adolescent is able to move beyond morality based on specific rules to morality

based on principles that cover a wide variety of concrete situations, thought the
 13

process of generalizing is likely to be very uneven.

Patterson (1970) comments on moral as a hypothetical constructs that are

inferred, and accordingly are criteria upon which choice of Home Economics

subject is justified furthermore, he added that moral represents the desirable of

what should be done and acts as motivational forces.

Peter (2001) describes moral behaviors as basis which would and

dominate the decision making power of the individuals, thus a person’s moral is

the basic idea and belief about what is right or wrong and what is good or bad.

Super (1999) posits that it permeates all aspects of life, moral concern’s

life goals and in some instances they seem to be closely related to needs and

drives.

O’Relly (2005) has investigated job satisfaction and work ethics. The

result of this studies showed that correlations between job satisfaction and

intrinsic job attribute tend to be higher for those employee whose morals

indicates strong preferences for jobs high intrinsic attributes. The direct and

interactive effects morals are quite low and this is possibly due to global

character of moral measures.

Dictionary of contemporary English (1975) defines morality as character,

 14

behavior actions considered or judged as being good or evil, right or wrong,

good or bad in character or behaviors.

According to Tate in her contribution stated that the primary purpose of

Home Economics Education in school today is to help student’s become better

family members and will later established successful home and a nation free

from crisis. To equate page of this research work. A healthy nation cannot be

unless the members of all families are comfortably nourished, clothed. So with

the introduction of Home Economics to schools and colleges she says this

problem would be solved as it Is the students who make up the home, family,

confirm and the nation as a whole in the later part of their lives.

According to, A. N. Eluwa (2001) of the University of Nigerian Nsukka

speaking on careers in Home Economics said that Home Economics has moved

beyond the earlier emphasis on cooking and sewing and other skills of Home

Economics making designs to help some, adolescent girls. The scope, she said

has expanded to include research, Business, consultancy, journalism and

extension services. It also include teaching dietetics, child care and guidance as

well as Home furnishing

In the same view Onhawa A. N. (2009) explained that women were

 15

brought up in the olden days sunder the umbrella of cosmetics science which

now is widely known as Home Economics. Here she puts it clear that ‘in days-

gone by, before a marriage was conducted the bride to be will be made to

undergo rigorous training in house craft, mother craft, endurance, etiquette and

cookery. She continued to say that some brides of today do not even bother

about these things. Some who fail to realize the wonderful role played by Home

Economics. In their life and family now, stand to face the consequences which is

“broken homes”.

Alobola (1980) said that, lack of funds too, share a great part of the

responsibility, some ladies can be so extravagant that their partner cannot

minimize their taste for buying if the partner cannot cope financially it leads to

trouble.

According to Casac (2003) on Home Economics, the future of a nation is

determined to a large extent by the quality or family life in the Nation’s Homes.

The quality of family life also depends very much on the knowledge and care

with which the parents of a home manage their domestic life. The quality of

nutrition, domestic cleanliness and the total house management to ensure that

the resource available in the house are used to maximum effects, and all matters
 16

that affect the harmony of a home as a place to nurture good citizens. All

citizens should acquire this sort of knowledge stepping from the home, through

school and throughout life. Home Economics is also designed to foster

understanding and way of various factors which contributed to good home

management.

Anyaksoke E. (1991) in his work has it that, effective home management

plays a significant role in shaping our lives. This makes an early understanding

of the basic principles and practices of Home Economics vital for all youths.

The youths are faced with important decisions, concerning education, choice of

vocation and family living. The require some assistance in this direction

whatever knowledge, skill and attitudes they require at this stage will determine

to a large extent, the success and joy of future family living.

The same view, Laidlaw, B. (2012) sees Home Economics as a broad

field of study that is primarily concerned with the importance of the welfare of

the individual and the family. Its draws it knowledge from much discipline such

as humanity and arts.

Mclaren, D. E. (1976) stated that, it is generally recognized that nutrition

is as subject that has relevance almost everywhere. The affluent countries have
 17

achieved great advances in those areas that demand passive acceptance on the

part of the people, water supply, and waste under refuse reduction of disposal,

pollution and pest control, but when it comes to individuals understanding and

responsibility the position is depressing. Mass distribution of food is an

indication of failure consequently.

According to Tindaii, B. (1949) the quality of living that is expressed in

the clean farm and industries as, the clean neighborhood, community etc. being

a way of life, it must come from within the people. It is nourished by knowledge

and growth as an obligation an idea in human relations.

To Hell, O. A. (2000) today, Home Economics educationist part of the

public schools in the United States (U.S) boys’ and girls’ men and women are

recognizing increasingly that the complexity of living demands that they have

some problem of family life with a greater degree of ease and satisfaction. Home

Economics education at all level is guarded in order to dictated the task of

helping individuals learn better those behaviors patterns and skills that will

enable them to fulfill effectively their roles as family members.

In the encyclopedia of Education (1971) volume of study of the family is

seen as concerned with the well beginning of individuals and families, the
 18

improvement of the home the preservation of values significant in the home, life

and the nation as a whole. Also family economics is seen as concerning with

ways of Leading, the development of attitude and behaviors which encompass

relation to the economics environment.

Hutchins C.B. (1961) varies this by saying Home Economics has respect

and prestige for its lifetime and relatively short span of years. He continued by

saying that Home Economics has trained thousands of People for work in the

field. It has also began to arouse the public to some awareness of the values of

scientific approach to the job of Home making and of the need for more general

training for job has made it possible for many women to choose from numerous

opportunities a way to earning the food, clothing and housing industries and

public health services. It’s largely due to Home Economics education today that

child guidance, child development family life. Nursery schools are becoming

integral part of our educational programme.

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CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology approach for the study under the

following subheadings:

 Research design

 Area of the study

 Population of the study

 Sample and sampling technique

 Instrument for data collection

 Validation of the instrument

 Method of data analysis

Research Design

The study used survey design to investigate whether Home Economics as

a subject has moral effects on adolescent girls in Obubra Local Government

Area.

Area of the Study

The research area is Obura Local Government Area. Obubra Local

Government is located in the central senatorial district of Cross River State,

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having a land mass of 172,444 as of 2016 census and 551 is the post code of

the area. Obubra is bounded by Ikom Local and Abi Local Government Area.

The major occupation of the people is farming, fishing and hunting.

Population of the Study

Out of 16 secondary schools in Obubra six (6) were chosen for the study.

In a further break down out of the six secondary schools only 120 students were

used. The method used in the selection of the area covered was random sample.

A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed to Home Economics students in

the selected schools and all were recovered. This gives a return of rate of 100%

Sample and Sampling Techniques

A stratified random sampling technique was used in the study. The

researcher selected five (5) secondary schools from the sixteen (10) school in

Obubra Local Government Area. In considering the effects of Home Economics

on adolescent girls in Obubra Local Government Area sample comprised of boy

and girls from both co-education and secondary commercial schools:

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NAMES OF SELECTED NO. OF

S/N SCHOOLS
SCHOOLS STUDENTS
1 Elder Oyama’s Memorial
Mixed 20
Secondary School Ofat
2 Adun Community Secondary
Mixed 20
School Ofat
3 Community Secondary School
Mixed 20
Appiapum
4 Community Secondary School
Mixed 20
Ababene
5 Commercial Secondary School
Mixed 20
Ofuduah
6 Community Secondary School
Mixed 20
Appiapum Itee
Total 120

The questionaries’ were administered to the students by the researcher through

personal contact. The items on the questionnaire were clearly explained to the

subject before responding to the items, under the researcher supervision and

assisted by the class teachers

Instrument for Data Collection

The instrument for data collection was questionnaire. The questionnaire

was designed by the researcher and the in reliability and validity were tested and
 22

approved by the researcher’s supervisor. It has a 4 point likert scale.

Agree = (A)

Strongly Agree = (SA)

Disagree = (D)

Strongly Disagree = (SD)

The frequencies are again converted into simple percentage ranking to facilitate

the analysis of the information and help in interpretation of the result

Validation of the Instrument

The instrument for the study was constructed by the researcher and

submitted to the project supervisor who after carefully scrutiny corrected the

instrument before administration.

Method of Data Collection

In construction, a questionnaire test item, a number of considerations were

born in mind since the tests were multiple choices, question were randomly

distributed and items consistency ensured.

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CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS

This chapter deals on the presentation and discussion of result. The result

obtained based on the research questions.

Presentation of Results
Research question 1

Do females in single sex schools possess higher moral values than their

counterparts in co – educational schools?

The responses of subject to questionnaire items on school type first of all

categorized into single sex and so- educational the frequency of responses to

other items were than observed and analyzed using simple percentage analyses

NUMBER AGREED % DISAGREE PERCENTAGE

120 80 66.67 40 33.33

From the above table one, it was observed that out of 120 students (66.67) of

them responding that high moral values from single sex school in co-

educational schools out of 120 students, 33.33% disagree high moral values.

In the above findings it can be concluded that females in single sex school have

higher moral values in home economics that their counterpart in schools.

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Research question II

Do moral values influences female student perception of learning?

The response of subject to the questions items were categorized into agreed and

disagreed, the frequency of the responses were observed under the categories

and analyzed using simple percentage.

S/N ITEMS A % D %
Moral laxity is related to student low
5 90 64 30 36
perception of Home Economics
6 Home economics is too expensive 110 89 10 11
Do you think Home Economics
11 100 76 20 24
studies affects moral values
Home Economics studies have
14 110 89 10 11
significant influences on morals

From the table above item 14 had 90 subjects representing (64%) agreed

that moral laxity is related to student low perception of Home Economics while

30 students representing (36%) disagree

In item 11 had 110 representing (89%) agreed that Home Economics

study affects morals, while 20 subjects representing 24% disagreed

In item 6 had 110 subjects representing (89%) agreed that Home

 25

Economics studies have significant influences on moral values while 10 subjects

representing 11 % disagree

From the pattern of responses (64%) for moral laxity is related to students

low perception of Home Economics 89% for Home Economics is too expensive,

76% for Home Economics study affect moral values and 98% for Home

Economics study have significant influences on morals.

From the above indication it is showed that moral values influences the concept

of learning on home economics study

RESEARCH QUESTION II

Is moral laxity related to student’s low perception of their teacher’s

effectiveness?

S/N ITEMS A % D %
Home Economics student affectively in
3 120 100 - 0%
practical work
My teacher makes good use of the
9 115 94% 5 6%
chalk board
Adequate funding by government
13 affects the introduction of Home 110 89 10 11
Economics study in secondary school
 26

From the above, item 3 had 120 subject representing (100%) agreed
Home Economics students are supervised effectively in a practical work
presenting the total number of subjects responding in item 9, 115 representing
(94%) agreed that my teacher makes good use of the chalk board while 5 subject
representing (6%) disagree. Item 13 had 110 representing (89%) agreed that
Inadequate funding by the government affects the introduction of Home

Economics in secondary schools while 10 representing (11%) disagreed.

From the above indications its showed that moral laxity is related to

students low perception of their teachers’ effectiveness.

RESEARCH QUESTION IV

Are student moral values in home economics influenced by family background?

S/N ITEMS A % D %
1 My parents pay my school fees on time 110 98 10 11
2 I have my school requirement 100 76 20 24
Do you think home economics is very
4 100 76 20 24
important to the SS III students
Good knowledge of the study of home
8 95 70 25 30
economics can help to promote properly
The concept of morality is concerned with
10 90 64 30 36
developing an individual capacity
12 Home economics is my best subject 95 70 25 30
 27

From the table, item I had 110 representing (89%) agree that their fees are

paid on time while 10 representing 11% disagree, item 2 had 100 subjects

representing (76%) agreed that, there have their school requirement while 20

disagreed representing (24%). In item 4 had 100 subjects representing 76%

while agreed that Home Economics is very important to SS III students while 20

subject represents 24% disagreed, item 8 had 95 subjects representing (70%)

while 25 represent (30%) disagree responses in item 10 which had 90 subjects

representing 64% agreed that the concept of morality is concerned with

developing and individual capacity while 20 disagree with the conception.

In item 12, 95 subjects representing 70% agreed that Home Economics are their

best subject while 25 disagreed.

Discussion of Findings

The research work has so far been a success with regards to the responses

by the respondent on the items on the questionnaires.

This findings confirmed what Nya (1994) said that Home Economics is
necessary for total and sound development of the modern time and a source of
the nation’s strength and wealth, for when the family has problem with moral
upbringing of the student a course in home economics can assist in helping the
Home Economics student to adjust to acceptable behavior.
 28

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Summary

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moral effects of Home

economics studies on adolescent girls in Obubra Local Government Area of

Cross River State. This chapter therefore presents the summary of the study,

conclusion, recommendations and suggestions for further study. Research

question were poised to guide the study. The population consisted of 120

adolescent girls in single and co-educational secondary schools in Obubra Local

Government Area. The sample of the study was 120 students from 6 selected

secondary schools. Questionnaire was used in collecting data for the study. The

data were analyzed using simple percentage. The result of findings revealed that:

1. Female student in co – educational school have higher moral values in Home

Economics than their counter parts i9n single sex school

2. Moral values influence female student percentage of learning

3. There is significant relationship between moral laxity and higher percentage

of teachers effectiveness

4. Moral values of student are influenced by teachers qualification

 29

5. Moral values of student in Home Economics studies are influenced by family

background.

Conclusion

On the basics of the findings, it can be concluded that morals in Home

Economics students have significant effects on adolescent girls in Obubra Local

Government Area.

Therefore, morality is an indispensable factor in the process of vocation

development in Home economics students. Thus cognizance of morality must be

taken in aspiring and choosing a satisfying vocation in home economics.

Recommendations

In the light of the findings of this research the following recommendations

are made:

1. Adequate attention should be given to the development of positive moral

among young people for realistic future career life.

2. Positive moral needs be taught and internalized by student and adults alike,

to effectively achieve this groups of learners in school irrespective of age

should be male to study Home Economics

 30

3. Teachers should ensure that they not only have the necessary qualification

but make effective use of practical lessons students to have high perception

of home economics and go into its various course areas at higher institution

to enhance the development of individuals , the state in particular and the

nation in general

4. Teachers should strive to assist students association with problems in Home

economics reconciles with demands and general code behaviors in the

society.

This should be all allocated on moral counseling and experts in various areas

should be invited.

Governments should assist the schools with equipment for Home Economics

studies to help alleviate the problems that most parents face.

Suggestion for Further Studies

Further studies could be carried out elaborately to cover, all Local

Government Areas of Cross River State, with a larger sample size.

Follow up study on their personality trait like self-concept of Home

Economics Students can be carried out.
A replicate study within the same Obubra Local Government Area could be
embarked upon to prove the authenticity of the results.
 31

REFERENCES

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out Management Science
Bassey (2000) Principles and Practice of Education for Use in West African
Teachers Colleges
Baye, M.R. Morgan and P. Scholten (2006) Searched Price Dispersion.
Carruthers & jane 2003: The Kruger National Park: A Social and Political
History Pietermaritzury: University of National Press. 2003.
http://www.enivronmentandsociety.org
CASAC (2012) Dispel Health Assessment Issues. US Environmental Protection
Agency. Office of Research and Development. National Centre for
Environment Assessment. Washington Office.
Durojaije (2005). Learning and Effective School Improvement Through the
Characteristics of Management and Organizational Analysis.
Journal of Emerging Trends In Sociological Behavior.
Farrant (2008) Education Describes the Total Process of Human Achieving
Excellence in Education.
Farrant J.S (2010) Principles and Practices of Education, United Kingdom
Congam Group Ltd.
Kelly (2010) Origin and Development of Education in Zambia.
Harden RM. LaidLaw JM: Essential Skills for an Educational Teacher. An
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Hartstone-Rose & May (2012). Measuring the Toughness of Primate Foods and
its Ecological needs. American Journal of Physical Anthropology
148 (2) 171-177
Helen Gouldner & Milton Rokeach, 2010: The Nature of Human Values. New
York. Free press 2010: 433 pp. Social Force Volume
 32

M Rokeach. 2010. “The Nature of Human Values, Milton Rokeach.

“American Journal of Sociology”, 81. No 2 (sep-2010).
MA Eluwa (2007): A Comparative Study of the Effect of Diet and Soda
Carbonated Drinks on the History of the Cerebellum of Adult
Female.
MJ Kolber, Cheatham SW, Salama & Hanney. 2014: Characteristics of
Shoulder Impingement in the Recreational Weight-Training
Population
O`Reilly (2005): A quantitative Study of Radiated anger and Defect Related
Recombination. And Philosophical Issues that Arise when
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Olinyika & Olalomiwa (2009) “Analysis of Doctorial Works Submitted to the
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 33

APPENDIX
QUESTIONNAIRE
THE MORAL EFFECTS OF HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION ON
ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN OBUBRA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF
CROSS RIVER STATE

Home Economics Department

CRS, College Of Education,
Akamkpa
August, 2017

Dear Respondent,

This research study is conducted in the department of Home Economics,

Cross River State College of Education, Akamkpa.

Please respond to the questions as you can, do write your name or give

any indication of your identity as a researcher intends to use your responds

strictly for the purpose of the work and would thus treat as confidential.

Thank you.

Yours Faithfull
Opeke, Job Philip
Researcher
 34

PERSONAL DATA
Instruction: Please tick in the appropriate box provided below
Name of respondent:……………………………….………….……………
School:……………………………………………………….……………..
Class:……………………………. Sex: Male { } Female { }
Age: 15 – 17 { } { } 18 – 20 Religion: ……………………
School formation: Mixed { } Not mixed { }
S/N ITEMS SA A SD D
1 My parents pay my school fees in time
2 I have my school requirement
Home economics teachers supervised effectively
3
in practical work
Do you think home economics study is very
4
important to SS III students
Do you think home economics study affects moral
5
values?
Home economics studies have significant
6
influence on moral
Family education background affects interest in
7
Home economics study
Good knowledge of the study of home economics
8
can help to promote proper way of morality
9 My teachers make good use of the chalk board
10 The concept of morality is concerned with
 35

developing an individual’s capacity

11 Home economics is too expensive
12 Home economics is my best subject
Inadequate funding of the government affects the
13 introduction of home economics study in
secondary schools
Moral laxity is not related to students low
14
perception of home economics study
Home economics students have vital role in
15
educating their parents on moral values