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PART 1 GENERAL
Canal linings shall be constructed where shown on the drawings. The lining will be
unreinforced concrete containing polypropylene fibers, two and one-half inches (2-1/2")
thick minimum placed over a geomembrane liner, except that where placed at canal
structures or shown on the drawings, the concrete lining will be reinforced.
Pneumatically applied mortar lining may be substituted for concrete lining in accordance
with the applicable portions of this Section, except as herein specified.
1.04 PAYMENT
C. Excavation for the concrete footings at the transitions from the canal lining to the
concrete structures below the canal prism shall be as shown in the Drawings and
all payment therefor will be included in the unit price bid in the Bid Schedule for
PART 2 MATERIALS
2.01 CONCRETE
A. CEMENT. All cement shall be Portland cement, Type II, low alkali, and shall
conform to ASTM Designation C-150. The cement shall be free of lumps and
properly aged.
C. WATER. Water shall be clean and free from oils, acids, salts, or other injurious
substances.
2.02 REINFORCEMENT
B. Polypropylene fiber filaments shall conform to ASTM C-1116. The fiber length
shall be three-quarters inch (¾”). Fibers shall be added to the concrete mix at the
time of batching at the rate of 1½ pounds per cubic yard of concrete.
B. The Contractor shall provide such means and equipment as are required to control
C. The mortar shall be proportioned on the basis of integral sacks of cement, and the
amount of sand shall be determined by direct weighing. The amount of water
used shall be that required to produce mortar of suitable consistency, quality, and
uniformity with the minimum rebound.
D. Fine aggregates shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C-33. Aggregate for
air blown mortar may consist of not more than 30% pea gravel with a maximum
nominal size less than 3/8 inches.
2.04 GEOMEMBRANE
B. MINIMUM VALUES
A. The adhesive sealant will be a single component high performance low modulus
elastomeric sealant acceptable for a water immersion application, Sika/Sikaflex-
1a or approved equal. The color of the sealant will be white or as approved by the
Engineer.
B. The joint sealant primer will be non-toxic and non-staining, Sika/Sikaflex Primer
429/202, or as recommended by the joint sealants manufacturer.
C. The sealant backer rod will be compressible polyethylene foam rod or other
flexible, permanent, durable non-absorptive material recommended by the joint
sealant manufacturer and compatible with the joint sealant.
A. Ladders shall be fabricated per the Standard Details, and shall be galvanized
before installation in or onto the concrete lining.
A. Excavation for canal lining shall be as provided for in the applicable portions of
Section 02300 - Earthwork.
B. Where the natural ground surface is below the elevation of the top of the canal
lining shown on the drawings, the foundation for the concrete lining shall be
compacted as provided for in Section 02300 - Earthwork. The Contractor shall
trim and finish the earth surfaces to provide a firm foundation for the concrete
lining. If, at any point, the natural foundation material is disturbed or loosened
during the excavation process or otherwise, it shall be consolidated in a manner
satisfactory to the Engineer. If, at any point, material is excavated beyond the
neat lines required to receive the concrete, the excess excavation shall be filled
with selected material, moistened, if required, and compacted in a manner
satisfactory to the Engineer.
A. Deployment:
B. Field Seaming:
a. To the maximum extent possible, the seams shall be perpendicular to the canal
unless otherwise approved by the Engineer.
g. Seaming shall not proceed when ambient air temperature or adverse weather
conditions jeopardize the integrity of the liner installation.
C. Repair:
b. All patches or caps shall extend a minimum of six (6) inches for extrusion
welds and four (4) inches for wedge welds beyond the edge of the defect and
around all edges of the patch material.
ii. Spot Welding – used to repair pinholes or other minor, localized flaws
or where the geomembrane thickness has been reduced.
iv. Flap Welding – used to extrusion weld the flap (excess outer portion)
of a fusion weld in lieu of a full cap.
A. In preparation for the placing of concrete, all water, construction debris and
extraneous matter shall be removed from the canal section. The concrete shall be
placed as nearly as possible to its final position by means that avoid segregation
of the materials and displacement of the reinforcement.
A. All canal gates, pumps and appurtenances shall be properly covered and protected
with viscuine prior to the placement of the concrete lining.
C. The mortar shall be applied from a nozzle held approximately four feet (4') from
the surface, and in a stream as nearly perpendicular to the surface being covered
as practicable.
D. The pressure in the placing machine shall be maintained at not less than forty-five
pounds per square inch (45 psi) for hose lengths up to one hundred feet (100') and
shall be increased five pounds per square inch (5 psi) for each additional fifty feet
(50') of hose. Water pressure shall be maintained at least fifteen pounds per
square inch (15 psi) greater than the pressure in the placing machine.
E. Sand pockets shall be removed and replaced with pneumatically applied mortar as
herein specified. Rebound shall not be incorporated in the work in any manner.
D. Construction joints shall be sloped to a thin edge and the edge shall be thoroughly
cleaned and wetted before the adjacent section of mortar is placed.
B. Deviations from true line and grade shall not exceed one-tenth foot (0.1'). There
shall be no abrupt changes in section, line or grade.
C. Transverse grooves, three-quarter inch (3/4") deep and approximate one-half inch
(½") wide, shall be made in the concrete lining. The first groove shall be made
ten feet (10') from the end of the lined section and at ten-foot intervals throughout
the full length of the lined section.
B. The temperature of concrete as mixed and placed shall not be less than 55°F, nor
greater than 90°F. If, during day or night, the ambient temperature falls below or
is predicted to fall below 40°F, concrete shall be protected from freezing during
placement and curing by means of heating of materials and other approved
methods, as directed by the Engineer.
C. The concrete mix for cold weather placement shall be maintained at a minimum
temperature of 55°F during placement and this minimum temperature shall be
maintained for the first 72 hours of curing.
D. The maximum temperature of concrete as placed shall be less than 90°F. When
the temperature of concrete as placed may be 90°F or higher, as may be
reasonably predicted from current temperatures of materials and the likelihood of
rises in weather temperatures, the Contractor shall employ effective means, such
as precooling aggregates and mixing water, use of ice as part of the mixing water,
shading aggregates, or placing at night, as necessary, to maintain the temperature
of concrete, as placed, below 90°F.
A. After three days of curing, the concrete panels will be inspected by the District’s
Inspector. All visible cracks will be marked with a water-based spray paint and be
given a rating of 0, 1, 2 or 3 based on its severity.
a. Rating 0 (0” to less than 1/8” in width): Crack will be monitored for thirty
(30) days after the placement of the concrete. Crack will not be repaired
unless it expands to a rating of 1.
b. Rating 1 (1/8” to less than 5/16” in width): Crack will be primed and sealed
with an adhesive joint sealant. Crack will be properly prepared and primed for
water immersion as directed by the joint sealant’s manufacturer.
c. Rating 2 (5/16” to less than 1/2” in width): Crack will be repaired with
properly sized and installed sealant backer rod, primer and adhesive joint
sealant. Crack will be properly prepared and primed for water immersion as
directed by the joint sealant’s manufacturer.
d. Rating 3 (1/2” and greater in width): Concrete panel will be removed and
replaced or repaired as directed by the Engineer.
B. The crack shall be clean, dry, frost-free and free of oil and grease. Curing
compound residue and other foreign matter must be thoroughly removed prior to
the application of the joint sealant primer.
D. All cracks shall be repaired and allowed to cure for one week prior to total water
immersion.
A. Ladders shall be installed in all lined canals and reservoirs at the locations and
spacings shown in the Drawings. Ladders shall be embedded in the freshly placed
lining before it sets.