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CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
IMPORTANCE OF WATER PROOFING FOR ROOFS
ROAD FORMWORK SOIL
A building or structure needs waterproofing as
ADMIXTURES WATERPROOFING
concrete itself will not be watertight on its own. All
CEMENT REINFORCEMENT
the flat roofs in the modern age are generally
constructed of reinforced cement concrete. This CONCRETE
material removes all the problems of flat roofs PRE STRESS/POST STRESS
VAASTU
except that the roof should be made water proof by
employing any of the various methods available for Popular Posts
moisture proofing.
· USUAL PRACTICE
BRIEF AND DETAILED
The R.C.C. Slab of the terrace is generally done with
SPECIFICATIONS OF
ordinary concrete without using any admixture to
PAVEMENT QUALITY
take care of the extra workability required to proper
CONCRETE (PQC)
placement and compaction of the concrete through
PURPOSE:- ・ The
the congested reinforcement.
purpose of this Quality Plan
Sometimes integral waterproofing compounds are
for Construction of
used in the concrete. But often they are not used
Pavement Quality Concrete
properly or sufficiently. Lime terracing, i.e.,
(PQC) is to provide detailed
Brickbat coba with lime, is done on the R.C.C. slab
Const...
to serve dual purpose. First is weatherproofing of
the slab by providing heat insulation for the area WATER
below it. The second purpose is waterproofing. This PROOFING FOR
layer also provides the slope required for easy ROOFS
drainage of rainwater. The parapet is of brick Terrace is the
masonry and plastered with ordinary cement most crucial segment of a
mortar. building, and it is exposed to
· PROBLEMS direct climatic variations,
1. In due course numerous cracks are developed in extremes of rainfall and
the lime terracing. Water penetrates through these structural ...
cracks to the R.C.C. slab below it. Due to shrinkage
of cement mortar, lots of cracks are formed on the Singly reinforced
plaster of the parapet walls. Rainwater seeps beam(Limit state
through these cracks into the bricks and slowly method of
comes down to the R.C.C. slab. design)
2. Because of improper compaction, often the Different methods of design
concrete of the R.C.C. slab is full of voids and of RCC 1.Working Stress
honeycombs. Once the water reaches the R.C.C. Method 2.Limit State Method
slab, it easily seeps inside and corrodes the 3.Ultimate Load Method
reinforcement, thus weakening the structure itself. 4.Probabilistic Method of
3. Water, after seeping through the R.C.C. slab, Desi...
makes the ceiling and walls damp. In severe cases
water starts dripping from the ceiling. All these
leave ugly patches of dampness on the ceiling and Recent Posts
walls and paints peel off.
4. To avoid leakage of water through terrace, often
DURABILITY OF CONCRETE
tar felting is done on the terrace. But due to
STRUCTURES
weathering, the tar felt gets cracked within a couple
of years and water penetrates through the cracks to Soil Stabilisation using Lime
come down to the ceiling. Vastu Shashtra - A Scientific
· SUGGESTIONS Approach
To protect the terrace it should be made properly Civil Engineer Job openings
waterproof. There are numerous terrace for freshers in Bangalore
waterproofing systems available in the market; the Metro
choice of products will depend upon the
DOKA Formwork
requirements of the client under given
considerations.
A. The environment conditions (dirunal and
seasonal temperature variations) a building is Labels
subject to expansion/contraction caused as the
consequence. Admixtures
Cement
B. If the entire structure is weak for the reason of
poor quality of construction, sub-soil being weak, Concrete
vibrations from surrounding pattern of land use too
Construction Management
vigorous etc., then terraces are likely to be affected.
A waterproofing system should allow such Formwork
movements. However, if the movement is too Pre Stress/Post Stress
significant and the structure is not designed to
Reinforcement
overcome the same, then none of the waterproofing
systems will last unless adequate structural Road
strengthening is done prior to waterproofing.
Soil
C. Insulation properly desired - some structures are
designed to retard excessive heat penetration Vaastu
through the terraces to the areas underneath. At Waterproofing
times lightweight concrete is used. In such cases a
strong waterproofing layer becomes most essential,
because the surface has an element of porosity.
WATER
D. Terrace garden - Continuous presence of water
and contact of organic matter would require PROOFING
additional treatment of waterproofing than normal FOR ROOFS
ones. Terrace is the most crucial
E. Cost factor - Quality and durability of a system is segment of a building, and it
directly proportional to cost. If the budget available is exposed to direct climatic
permits an option for a cheaper system only, then variations, extremes of
we could recommend such treatment. rainfall and structural ...
· TYPES OF SYSTEM
Terrace-waterproofing is possible with varying
permutations and combinations within a wide
product range, to suit the 'tailor-made'
requirements of the clients.
1. Whilst any water proofing system is decided, it is
imperative to have a basic substrate, which is
structurally sound. If the base on which a
waterproofing application is done, happens to be
weak, then the system chosen will also weaken. In
order to have the base concrete strong enough, the
concrete should be admixed with an integral Followers
waterproofing compound which would give a
homogeneous, workable mix at lower water/cement Followers (37) Next
ratio and reduce the permeability. It should be
ensured that the terrace is given a proper slope. Any
standing water shall not be permitted. Many
waterproofing systems have been found to fail
because of standing water remaining on the surface
consistently for longer duration.
Polymer
(chemical)
1. LIME COBA
Lime Concrete is made as below:
· Brick Bat (100 mm size) – 40 parts
· Lime mortar 1:2made with sukhi – 50 parts
· Admixtures – gud, bel fruits, resins, white of
egg, methi and udad cereals
3 kg of Gud Jaggery and 1.5 kg of bel fruit are added
to 100 litres of water by boiling and this solution is
sprinkled while tampering. In South India the
solution of Terminalia Chebula (Kadukai) is
prepared by breaking dry nut to small pieces and
soaked in water. Proportions are 6oo grams of
kadukai, 200 grams of jaggery and 40 litres of water
for 10 m2 area. The solution is brewed for 12 to 24
hours. Resulting liquor is decanted and used in the
work. Some people have used soap solution. The
lime mortar is ground usually in bullock driven
ghaani for 21 days. When it becomes suitably
flexible, then admixtures are added and concrete,
which can be consumed in one day. This concrete is
spread over flat roof stone slab. About 112 mm thick
layer is spread and finished with appropriate slopes
1/60. The sides of parapet wall are also finished
with a curve so that there is no leakage.
1. BRICKBAT COBA
This involves laying of 80-l00 mm thick coba
concrete on a prepared surface with graded broken
brick aggregate. Concrete can be lime concrete or
cement concrete with water proofing compound.
This is useful for giving the surface the required
slope so as to drain out water quickly. Since brick-
ballast is hygroscopic, very good workmanship,
mixing of all the ingredients in correct proportion
and adequate compaction by rammers for lime
concrete and by vibrators for C.C. is of paramount
importance.
The brick bed coba is topped with IPS or with China
Mosaic.
China mosaic is usually provided over a Coba
surface by broken pieces of ceramic, China or
Mosaic tiles are set over bed of cement mortar (1:3,
15mm thick).
2. INTEGRAL CRYSTALLINE WATERPROOFING
SYSTEM
An innovative technology is changing the way concrete
structures around the world are waterproofed and
repaired. Used for more than 30 years worldwide,
“Integral Crystalline Waterproofing (ICW)” utilizes a
chemical reaction to turn concrete into a permanent,
waterproof barrier.
While conventional waterproofing involves applying a
coating or membrane to the concrete surface, crystalline
technology permanently seals concrete by plugging its
natural pores and capillaries and blocking the movement
of water. It also reacts with incoming water to self-seal
the cracks that
inevitably develop in concrete, protecting structures
against water and contaminants that can weaken or
destroy concrete and corrode steel reinforcement.
· Working of Integral Crystalline Waterproofing
When added or applied to concrete, crystalline
chemicals create a reaction that causes long, narrow
crystals to form, filling the pores, capillaries and hairline
cracks of the concrete mass. As long as moisture remains
present, crystals continue to grow throughout the
concrete, reaching lengths of many inches over time.
Once the concrete has cured, the crystalline chemicals
sit dormant until another dose of water (such as through
a new crack) causes the chemical reaction to begin
again.
The ability to reactivate in the presence of water gives
crystalline-treated concrete the ability to “self-seal”.
When cracks form due to curing shrinkage, settling,
seismic activity, etc., water entering through them
causes new crystals to form and grow, blocking and
filling the cracks. Its ability to self-seal cracks is one of
crystalline technology’s most unique and useful features,
and can help to dramatically reduce the long-term
maintenance and repair costs of a concrete structure.
· Other Benefits of Integral Crystalline
Technology
Along with superior waterproofing and self-sealing
properties, integral crystalline waterproofing technology
offers a number of key benefits:
Permanent solution – becomes a part of the concrete
matrix so it will not crack, peel, tear or wear-away.
Even against high hydrostatic pressure. Unlike
externally applied membranes, which are best on the
day they are applied, crystalline applications become
more effective with time.
Concrete Structures
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Moisture Resistant Ceiling Tiles
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