INDEX

Sr.No. Perticulars

1. Introduction
2. Components Required
3. Circuit Diagram
4. Circuit Explanation
5. IC 555 Configuration
6. Applications & Future Scope
7. Advantages
8. Data Sheet
9. References
 “No man is indispensable, but there are certain mortal without whom quality of
work suffers. Their guidance becomes indispensable in acquiring quality results”.

With deepest sense of esteem and gratitude, we express my sincere thanks to my

project guide Prof. MR. UMALE, under whose guidance I was able to learn much
more and to complete successfully my dissertation work most efficiently.

We are thankful to Prof. MRS. A. A. KHURSHID, Head and Prof. Electronics

Engineering Department, for his inspiration and encouragement. She has immensely
helped in providing all opportunities and facilities for the dissertation work.

We could not forget to express my sincere thanks to Prof. Dr. P. B. PATIL,

Principal, for providing institutional facilities and giving timely suggestions.
.
We are also thankful to all the faculty members of department who helped us,
directly or indirectly. My thanks are due to all those who have shown keen interest in this
work and provided much encouragement.

PROJECTEES

ANIKET CHAUDHARI
SAURABH BHOLE
PRAKASH CHOWDHARY

4
Introduction
 Today’s world is a digital one. Everyone wants the world to be
faster. Digital technology is the need of the hour. It has widespread
application in various fields.
TIMER FLASH is one of the basic application that the digital
world is aware of. The 555 Timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip)
implementing a variety of timer and multivibrator applications.
The IC was designed by Hans R. Camenzind in 1970 and brought
to market in 1971 by Signetics (later acquired by Philips). The
original name was the SE555 (metal can) / (plastic DIP) and the
part was described as "The IC Time Machine"., the standard 555
package includes over 20 transistors, 2 diodes and 15 resistors on a
silicon chip installed in an 8-pin mini dual-in-line package.
The 8-pin 555 timer must be one of the most useful ICs ever
made and it is used in many projects. With just a few external
components it can be used to build many circuits, not all of them
involve timing!
The IC555 monolithic timing circuit is a highly stable Controller
capable of producing accurate time delays or oscillation.In the time
delay mode of operation,The time is precisely controlled by one
external resistor and capacitor.
For astable operation as an oscillator,The free running frequency
and the duty cycle are both accurately controlled with two external
Resistors and one capacitor.The circuit may be triggered and reset
on falling waveforms, and the output Structure can source or sink
up to 200mA.The IC555 is available in plastic and ceramic minidip
Package and in a 8-leadmicropackage and in metal Can package
version.

Circuit Diagram
Internal Layout of IC 555

Components Required
 ¶ Ic 555
¶ 2 Light Emitting Diodes
¶ Resistor - 470 Ω
¶ Resistor - 470 Ω
¶ Variable Resistor (Preset) - 222 KΩ
¶ Resistor - 1 KΩ
¶ Resistor - 1KΩ
¶ Capacitor - 10 µF
¶ Capacitor - 100 µF

Data Sheet

Timers and signal generators

IC 555 Configurations
We all know how versatile the IC 555 is and regarding its wide range of
applications. Basically the IC 555 can be operated in two most commonly
used modes viz. monostable and astable multivibrator.

In the monostable mode the output at pin 3 of the IC goes high in

response to an external applied trigger at its pin 2. The output holds this
position for a time period determined by the values of its timing components
consisting of a resistor and a capacitor.

The best example of this mode of operation of the IC can be studied in

one of my previous article on a frequency meter. But the most common
application of this mode of operation is in a 555 timer circuit, where the IC
is used to switch ON a load at its output for the set period of time after
which it is automatically switched OFF.

In the astable mode configuration the IC continuously produces pulses at

its output. These pulses are normally square waves and its frequency can be
adjusted again by varying the timing components comprising of a resistor
and a capacitor.
¶ LOW TURN OFF TIME

¶ MAXIMUM OPERATING FREQUENCYGREATERTHAN 500kHz

¶ TIMING FROM MICRO SECONDS TO HOURS

¶ OPERATES IN BOTH ASTABLE AND MONOSTABLE MODES

¶ HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT CAN SOURCE OR SINK 200mA

¶ ADJUSTABLE DUTY CYCLE

¶ TTL COMPATIBLE

¶ TEMPERATURE STABILITY OF 0.005% PER °C

Graphs
Minimum Pulse Width Required for Triggering

Supply Current versus Supply Voltage

 Delay Time versus Supply Voltage

Propagation Delay versus Voltage Level of Trigger Value

Working of Circuit

As shown in the figure the IC 555 is configured as a monostable

mutivibrator. On pressing the switch S1, a momentary logic high appears at
pin 2 of the IC and its output at pin 3 goes high switching ON the relay and
the load connected to the relay contacts. The output will sustain the position
till its timing capacitor C1 gets fully discharged through the variable resistor
VR1. The value of this resistor may be varied to get the desirable time
delays. The delay may be calculated using the below given formula:

T = 1.1 × (VR1 + R1+R2) × C1

Schematic of a 555 in monostable mode

The relationships of the trigger signal, the voltage on C and the pulse
width in monostable mode. In the monostable mode, the 555 timer acts as a
“one-shot” pulse generator. The pulse begins when the 555 timer receives a
trigger signal. The width of the pulse is determined by the time constant of
an RC network, which consists of a capacitor (C) and a resistor (R). The
pulse ends when the charge on the C equals 2/3 of the supply voltage. The
pulse width can be lengthened or shortened to the need of the specific
application by adjusting the values of R and C.The pulse width of time t,
which is the time it takes to charge C to 2/3 of the supply voltage, is given
by

T = 1.1 × (VR1 + R1+R2) × C1

where t is in seconds, R is in ohms and C is in farads. See RC circuit for an

explanation of this effect.
Monostable Mode
In this mode, the 555 functions as a "one-shot".
@ Timers
@ Missing pulse detection
@ Bounce-free switches
@ Touch switches
@ Frequency divider
@ Capacitance measurement
@ Pulse-width modulation (PWM) etc.
Astable Mode
Free running mode: the 555 can operate as an oscillator
@LED and lamp flashers
@ Pulse generation
@Logic clocks
@Tone generation
@ Security alarms
@Pulse position modulation etc.
Bistable Mode
555 can operate as a flip-flop, if the DIS pin is not connected and no
capacitor is used.
@ bounce-free latched switches