History 8th Bimester 1

GUIDE FOR THE EXAM

Choose the correct option.

1.Agricultural societies (Egypt, Mesopotamia, China and India) had common characteristics, like:

a) Monotheism

b) Use of steel

c) Development of writing

d) Equality of social classes

2 Meanwhile, Mediterranean civilizations (Greece and Rome) based their development on the
following areas:

a) The mastery of the sea and expansionism

b) Democracy and the caste system

c) The Imperial government and Roman law

d) The development of science and arts

3 The following sentence does not describe the changes that happened in the world between the
5th and 15th centuries:

a) A new religion, Islam, unified the tribes of the Arabian Peninsula.

b) The fall of the Western Roman Empire and the appearance of feudal kingdoms.

c) Mesoamerican cultures flourished during the classical and post-classical periods.

d) The Eastern Roman Empire was expanding through Asia to Persia.

4 By the end of the Middle Ages, the demand for products coming from the east was growing in
Europe due to the growth of cities. What were the trade routes used to take these goods to
Europe?

a) Slave and Arab routes

b) Transatlantic and oceanic routes

c) Silk Road and Spice Route

d) Indian and east routes

5 By the end of the Middle Ages, cities became commercial centers where products of high value
were exchanged. In those centers, commercial capitalism emerged, this means:

a) Buying and selling goods to generate profits, accumulate capital and make business grow.

b) The accumulation of capital through free sales in the fiefdom markets.

c) Obtaining profits from the purchase of low-quality products.

d) The business to improve workshops and products of traders.

6 What social class was leading commercial capitalism?

a) The people

b) The nobility

c) The bourgeoisie

d) The clergy

17 Why did the capture of Constantinople by the Turkish mean a big blow to European traders?

a) Because the Chinese decided to trade with the Turkish and abandon the Europeans.

b) Due to the high taxes that the Turkish charged for crossing the Bosphorus Strait and because of
the numerous middlemen.

c) Because of the insecurity in commercial routes due to Turkish gangs robbing caravans.

d) Because the Turkish denied caravans and foreign traders access to Constantinople.

8 During the Middle Ages, kings had little prestige and even feudal lords had more power than
them. But, monarchs united territories and created a new political entity. What was this political
entity?

a) National monarchy

b) National empire

c) National identity

d) National princedom
9 These characters started the unification of Castile and Aragon, which were the largest kingdoms
in Spain. They completed the Reconquista of the territories occupied by the Arabs.

a) Carlos I of Spain and Charles V of Germany

b) The Tudors

c) The Catholic Monarchs: Isabel and Fernando

d) The Romanovs

10 Despite the economic growth of the bourgeoisie, there were privileged groups living off the
people. What groups were these?

a) The clergy and nobility

b) The nobility and the third State

c) The clergy and the third State

d) The nobility and bourgeoisie

11 In the 15th century, there was cultural dynamism; an example of this was the development of
Humanism. This new intellectual trend claimed that:

a) The spirit of God rules human beings.

b) Man is master of his destiny.

c) The center of the world is occupied by the divine thought.

d) God trusts human being and their possibilities.

12 Humanist ideas were spread by the use of the printing press. Another consequence of this
invention was:

a) Oral tradition

b) Illiteracy

c) Social stability

d) The birth of the book industry

13 Another result of the printing press was the spreading of the ideas of the Protestant
Reformation. Its main thesis was:

a) Human beings attain salvation only by their faith.

b) The indulgences were means to forgive sins.

c) Mass must be celebrated in Latin.

d) The worship of images to reach divine glory.

14 The fall of Constantinople forced Europeans to look for other routes to reactivate trade. Spain,
for example:

a) Sent expeditions to go around Africa and reach the Indies.

b) Negotiated with the Turks and opened a new route.

c) Financed expeditions to sail west and reach the Indies.

d) Encouraged travel through the Mediterranean and the Red Sea.

15 Why did maritime expeditions promoted by the European kingdoms start the first globalization?

a) Because they established commercial ports in Africa.

b) Because they managed to travel around the world.

c) Because different parts of the world came into contact as a result of trade.

d) Because different societies with global characteristics appeared.

16 In the same way, maritime expeditions started the conquest and colonization of different
territories. What was the argument used to justify the conquests?

a) The inferiority of the indigenous peoples allows the dominance of Europeans.

b) Indigenous peoples are human beings who use reason.

c) The king authorizes the power of some over others.

d) The sins of the Indigenous peoples must be forgiven.

17 Spain extracted millions of tons of silver from America. How did it spend most of this wealth?

a) To buy the jewels of the Spanish Crown.

b) To finance evangelization.

c) To pay debt to foreign banks.

d) To pay celebrations of the viceroyalties.

18 This is an institution that was created by Spain to administrate its territories in America.

a) Encomienda

b) Repartimiento

c) Congregation of Indians

d) Viceroyalty

19 What caused the racial mix of Spanish, indigenous people and African?

a) Syncretism b) Mestizaje c) Racial order d) Estates

20 What were the causes of the demographic catastrophes in America and Africa?

a) The diseases brought from Europe and the slave trade.

b) The encomieda and the wreck of slave ships.

c) The ignorance about medicinal plants and the weakness of the body.

d) The immunity against germs and the arrival of thousands of Africans.

21 With the goal of establishing links with the Asian market, the Spanish conquered the Philippines
and established a new trade route. What was its name?

a) Route of the Philippines

b) Route of the Galleons

c) Route of Acapulco

d) Route of the Manila Galleon

22 This period was characterized by its richness in the field of arts. What is the name of the artistic
movement that took inspiration from Greek and Roman models to represent the human body in a
harmonious way?

a) Humanism

b) Renaissance

c) Classicism

d) Neoclassicism

23 Some artistic forms made it to the Americas, which was the case of the Baroque. The following
feature does not belong to this style:
a) Drama and movement

b) Exaggerated decoration

c) Impact on the spectator

d) Use of geometric figures

24 During this era, a revolution in science was experienced. The following scientific advancement
marked the beginning of the Modern Age:

a) The theory of movement of celestial bodies by Kepler

b) The laws of universal gravitation by Newton

c) The theory of the heliocentric system by Copernicus

d) The research on human anatomy by Vesalius

25 Without a doubt, the experimental method set the foundations of modern science. In
chronological order, the steps of this method are:

a) Observation, experimentation and hypothesis

b) Hypothesis, observation and experimentation

c) Observation, hypothesis and experimentation

d) Hypothesis, experimentation and observation