Design of Vertical Type Drop On Permeable Foundation Hydraulic Particulars

PWD, WRO
Irrigation Design Handbook
8. DESIGN OF VERTICAL TYPE DROP ON PERMEABLE FOUNDATION
HYDRAULIC PARTICULARS
LOCATION LS 250 M
DISCHARGE REQUIRED 4.09 cumecs
U/S BED LEVEL 298.3 M
D/S BED LEVEL 296.9 M
LENGTH OF DROP 3 M
CONCENTRATION FACTOR 0 %
EXIT GRADIENT OF BED MATERIAL 0.2
FLOOR THICKNESS AT END (ASSUMED) 1 M
FlOOR THICKNESS FOR U/S APRON 0.6 M
THICKNESS OF CUTOFF 0.6 M
DESIGN OF CANAL SECTION
(UNLINED PORTION)
BED WIDTH 3 M
SIDE SLOPE 1 0.5
MANNINGS COEFFT N 0.025
BED SLOPE=1 IN 2500 0.0004
DEPTH OF WATER 1.5 M
1 1.5 1
0.5 0.5
3
Area "A" 5.625 Sq m
Wetted Perimeter "P" 6.354102 m
Hydraulic mean Depth "R"=A/P 0.885255
Velocity "V"=1/nR^2/3*S^0.5
=1/ 0.0X0.9^2/3X0.0^0.5
0.737568 m/s
Discharge "Q"=A X V 4.148821 Cumecs
> 4.09 CUMECS
Depth of water 1.5 m
D/S waterlevel=D/Sbed level+depth of water=296.9 +1.5
D/S waterlevel 298.4 m
Depth of u/s water 1.5 m
U/s water level = 298.3 + 1.5
U/s water level 299.8 m
Approach velocity 'v'=Q/A = 0.41/0.56
Approach velocity 0.727111 m/s
Velocity head =v /2g
2
= 0.7271^2 /2*9.81
Velocity head 0.026947 m
U/S TEL =U/S water level+velocity head= 299.80+0.02695
U/S TEL 299.827 m
Top width of drop (Assumed) 0.8 m
Q = 1.835 LH3/2(H/B)1/6 as per page 317 of Design of irrigation structures by Varshney
0.41=1.835X 3XH^3/2X(H/0.8)^1/6
(III) Typical Design of Various Irrigation Structures - 8.Vertical drop ( Design) Page No.
PWD, WRO
Head causing flow required for the design discharge 0.81825 m

say 0.82 m
PWD, WRO
Crest level = U/s TEL-H 299.827 - 0.82

Crest level 299.00 m
d= Height of the crest in metre above d/s bed = 299.00 - 296.9
d= Height of the crest in metre above d/s bed 2.10
Width of crest = 0.55*d^0.5 as per page317 of Design of irrigation structures
=0.55*0.21^0.5 by R.S.Varshney
Width of crest 0.797026 m
say 0.8 m*
Provide a top width of 0.8 m
DESIGNING OF STILLING BASIN
Assuming depth of water cushion = 0.3 m
Basin level =296.90-0.3
Basin level 296.6 m
h= u/s water level-basinlevel =299.8-296.6
h = 3.2 m
v= (2gh)^.5 =(2*9.81*3.2)^0.5
Velocity of flow at the toe= 7.923636 m/sec
d1 =Q/(L/v) =0.41/3*0.79
Depth of flow at the toe d1= 0.172059 m
h= =3.2 -0.2
h= 3.027941 m
v = (2gh)^0.5 =2*9.81*0.30^0.5
v= 7.707672 m/s
d1 =Q/(L/v) =0.41/3*0.77
d1 0.17688 m
Hence initial depth d1 0.18 m
Froude's No. "F =v/(gd)^0.5 =0.77/(9.81x0.18)^0.5
Froude's No. "F" 5.800327
Sequent depth "d2" =d1/2(-1+(1+8F2)^0.5)
=0.18/2(-1+(1+8*0.58^2)^0.5)
Sequent depth "d2" 1.389262 m
Basin floor level RWL - Sequent Depth =298.4-0.14
297.0107 m
Depth of cistern = 1/4(H.HL)^2/3 as per page 634 Irrigation and hydraulic
structures by S.K. Garg
HL = U/S FSL - D/S FSL
= 299.8 - 298.4
HL 1.4 m
H 0.82 m
Depth of cistern DC =1/4*(0.83*1.4)^2/3
DC 0.273706 m
Provide a basin depth of 0.3 m
Basin floor level= 296.9 - 0.3 = 296.6
PWD, WRO
Basin floor level based on hydraulic criteria = 297.0107 *

Provide basin floor level as 296.6 m
Length of basin 5x(H*HL)^0.5 As per page 629 of Irrigation engineering and
hydraulic structures by S.K. Garg
=5X(0.83*1.4)^0.5
5.351534 m
Say 5.40 m
Provide a basin length of 5.5 m
DESIGN OF PERMEABLE FOUNDATION
Bottom width of drop body wall (from drop wall stabilit 2.6 m
Scour depth and depth of cutoff
Scour depth = 0.475(Q/f)^1/3
taking silt factor "f" =1.0
Scour depth = "R" =0.475*(0.41/1)^1/3
Scour depth "R" 0.759629 m
U/S Scour level= U/S MFL -1.25 R 298.8505 m
U/s Floor level (taken = basin level unless specified 296.6 m
If u/s floor level is different type in cell F119 296.6 m
Depth of cutoff required from scour considerations =U/S floor level-scour level
=296.60-0.2989
Depth of cutoff required from scour considerations -2.25046 m
Minimum depth of cutoff =(u/s water depth/3)+0.6 1.1 m
Provide a u/s cutoff depth of 1.1 m
However provide a depth of 1.5 m
Depth of u/s cutoff 1.5 m
Bottom of u/s cutoff= =296.60-1.5 295.1 m
D/s Scour level D/S FSL - 1.5R 297.2606 m
Depth of Cutoff required from scour considerations -0.36056 m
Minimum depth of cutoff =(D/s water depth/2)+0.6 1.35 m
Provide a d/s cutoff depth of 1.4 m
However provide a depth of 2m
Depth of d/s cutoff 2m
Bottom of d/s cutoff =296.9-2.0 294.9 m
Floor Length Required From Exit Gradient Considerations
Exit gradient 0.2
Taking head upto bed level only
H = U/S Bed level - D/S Bed level =298.3-296.9
H = U/S Bed level - D/S Bed level 1.4 m
d = Depth of d/scutoff 2m
Ge = H 1
d PÖl
l = 1.240863
l = (1+(1+a2)^0.5)/2
a = Ö (2 l-1)2 -1 1.09 m
PWD, WRO
Length of floor required from exit gradient 2.19 m

Length of floor required from hydraulic criteria =length of basin+width of bodywall+
2*cut-off thick
Length of floor required from hydraulic criteria = 5.50+2.600+2*0.60
Length of floor required from hydraulic criteria 9.3 m
Maximum say 9.5 m
Length of floor provided 9.5 m
Calculation of pressures
u/s pile
= b/d '= 6.333
1/a = 0.158 Say 0.16
From table in pg 91 of CBIP pub. no. 12
For 1/a = 0.16
fD = 23.953
fE = 34.779
fE1 =100 - 0 = 100 %
fD1 =100 - 23.953 = 76.04737 %
fc1 =100 - 34.779 = 65.22105 %
Correction for floor thickness

Assumed floor thickness for U/S = 0.6 m
CorrectionCf =( ( fD1-fC1)/d)*thickness
CorrectionCf = 4.330526 +ve
Correction for mutual interference of pile
Ci = 19x ÖD/b1x (d+D)/b
Where b1 = centre to centre distance of piles
b = total floor length provided
d = depth of pile =1.5-0.6 0.9
D = depthof pile below the floor 1.1
of the first pile whose inter-
ference has to be determined
Ci = 1.406246
corrected fc1 =0.652+0.43+0.14
corrected fc1 = 70.95783 %
D/S Pile
= b/d '= 4.75
1/a = 0.21052632 Say 0.21
From table in pg 91 of CBIP pub. no. 12
For 1/a = 0.21
fD = 27.1263
fE = 39.747
fE2 = 39.74737 %
fD2 = 27.12632 %
PWD, WRO
fc2 = 0%
PWD, WRO
Correction for floor thickness

Assumed floor thickness for D/S = 1m
CorrectionCf = 6.310526
Correction for mutual interference of pile
Ci = 19x ÖD/b1x (d+D)/b
Where
d = depth of pile 1.110738
D = depthof pile below the floor 0.910738

of the first pile whose inter-
ference has to be determined
Ci = 1.293302
corrected f E2 = 32.14354 %
s.no. f pile1 pile2

1 fE 100 32.14
2 fD 76.05 27.13
3 fC 70.96 0.00
Elevation of HGL
U/S WL D/S WL Head U/S Pile D/S Pile
fE1 fD1 fC1 fE2 fD2 fC2
100 76.04737 70.96 32.14 27.13 0.00
Static head
299.00 296.9 2.1 2.1 1.596995 1.490114 0.675014 0.569653 0
299 298.497 298.3901 297.575 297.4697 296.9
Dynamic head
299.8 298.4 1.4 1.4 1.064663 0.99341 0.45001 0.379768 0
299.8 299.4647 299.3934 298.85 298.7798 298.4
HGL Line
299.3934
298.85
298.3901
297.575
296.9
8.9
PWD, WRO
FLOOR THICKNESS
Assuming that there is water in the basin upto d/S bed level, immedieately after the flow ceases,
the head is calculated from d/s bed level. 5.5
(a) Unbalanced head at 1.3 m from 0.6
centre of d/s pile 0.794074
Thickness required=H/(G-1) 0.567196
Provide a thickness 0.6 m
(b) Unbalanced head at 3.3 m from
centre of d/s pile 0.977242
Thickness required 0.69803
Provide a thickness of 0.7 m
(c) Unbalanced head at 5.8 m from
centre of d/s pile ie at toe 1.206203
Dynamic condition
Check for thickness of drop at toe
Assuming the jump forms at toe itself for worst condition

Elevaton of HGL at toe ie 5.8 m from 299.2041
Centre of D/s pile
Unbalanced head at 5.8 m from 2.304135

centre of d/s pile ie at toe
Taking 2/3 rd the head , Head = 1.53609
UPSTREAM PROTECTION WORKS
As per pg 304 of Theory and Design of Irrigation structures by R.S Varshney

Pitching for a length equal to u/s water depth shall be provided with a slope of 1:10
U/S water depth 1.5 m
Provide stone protection for length = 3m
DOWNSTREAM PROTECTION WORKS
As per pg 305 of Theory and Design of Irrigation structures by R.S Varshney

Pitching for a minimum length
equal to 3 times d/s water depth shall be provided
D/S water depth 1.5 m

Length of pitching required 4.5
Provide stone pitching for a length of 5m
PWD, WRO
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF DROP WALL:

T.B.L 300.3 m
F.T.L 299.00 m
Maximum flood discharge 4.09 cumecs
U/S. bed level 298.3 m
D/S bed level 296.9 m
Depth of water = 1.5 m
U/S waterlevel= 299.8 m
D/S waterlevel= 298.4 m
Top level of wingwall= 299.00 m
Foundation level= 296.6 m
Height of wing wall= 2.4 m
Width of platform= B= 0.8 m
Rear slope= 1: 0.75
Rear batter 1.8 m
Front slope= 1: 0
Front batter= 0 m
b3= Base width= 2.6 m
Height= 2.4 m
Density= 2 t/m3
f= 22 o
d= f/2= 11 o
a o= 0
ah= B*I*ao 0
av= 1/2*ah= 0
l= tan a(h)/(1±a(v)=
-1
00 or 0
a= 36.8699 o
i= 0
Increment= 0%
Unit weight of masonry= 2.3 t/m3
Unit weight of water= 1 t/m3
STRESS DUE TO EARTH PRESSURE ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE:
cosl 1
Cos^2(f-l-a)= 0.9341
Cos^2a= 0.64
Cos(d+l+a)= 0.6708
Sin(f+d)= 0.5446
Sin(f-i-l)= 0.3746
Cos(a-i)= 0.8
Cos(d+l+a)= 0.6708
1+ Sin(f+d)*Sin(f-i-l) 0.5
= 1.6166
Cos(a-i)*Cos(d+a+l)
1 2
1+ Sin(f+d)*Sin(f-i-l) 0.5 = 0.38265
(III) Typical Design of Various Irrigation Structures - 8.Vertical Drop (Stability analysis of Drop wall) Page No.
PWD, WRO
Cos(a-i)*Cos(d+a+l)
Cos^2( f-d-a) = 2.17586

cosl* Cos^2a* f-a-l)
(1+aV)= 1
Ca= (1+aV)* cos^2 ( f-d-a) 1 2

cosl* Cos^2( Cos(d+a) 1+ Sin(f+d)*Sin(f-i) ^0.5
Cos(a-i)*Cos(d+a)
Ca = 0.83259
Ps=1/2*w*h *Ca=
2
Earth pressure: 4.79572 t

Vertical component= 3.55662 t
Horizontal component= 3.21705 t
0.8 299.00
0.75
1 2.4
a b
O 296.6
0.8
1.8
2.6
Condition1: No Flow Condition
Sl.no FORCES
Coefficient L B H Unit wt. Verticl HorizontaL.A MOMENT
I .Weight of masonry +VE -VE
a. 0.5 1 1.8 2.4 2.3 4.968 1.4 6.9552
b. 1 1 0.8 2.4 2.3 4.416 0.4 1.7664
III . Static earth pressure:

Vertical component: 3.55662 2 7.113235
Horizontal component: 3.21705 0.8 2.573637
V= 12.9406 3.21705 15.83483 2.573637
X= 1.02477 m
e= b/2-x= 0.27523 13.2612
6e/b= 0.63514
Maximum stress= P/A*(1+6e/b)= 8.1383 t/m2
Minimum stress= P/A*(1-6e/b)= 1.816 t/m2
PWD, WRO
Condition2: Maximum Flow Condition

Top level of wingwall= 299.00 m
Width of platform= 0.8 m
Front slope= b1= : 0.75
Front batter 1 1.8 m
Rear slope= : 0
Rear batter= 1 0 m
Height= 2.4 m
Density= 1 t/m3
f= 22 o
d= f/4= 5.5 o
a o= 0
ah= B*I*ao 0
av= 1/2*ah= 0
-1
00 or 0
a= 36.8699 o
i= 0
Increment= 0%
cosl 1
Cos^2(f-l-a)= 0.9341
Cos^2a= 0.64
Cos(d+l+a)= 0.7388
Sin(f+d)= 0.4617
Sin(f-i-l)= 0.3746
Cos(a-i)= 0.8
Cos(d+l+a)= 0.7388
1+ Sin(f+d)*Sin(f-i-l 0.5= 1.54098
Cos(a-i)*Cos(d+a+l)
1 2
1+ Sin(f+d)*Sin(f-i-l) 0.5 = 0.42112
Cos(a-i)*Cos(d+a+l)
Cos^2( f-d-a) = 1.97561

(1+aV)= 1
PWD, WRO
Ca= (1+aV)* f-a) 1 2

Cos^2a* Cos(a-i)*Cos(d+a)
Ca = 0.83197
Pa=1/2*w*h *Ca=
2

0.8 299.00
0.75 0
1 1
2.4
a b c
o 296.6
0.8 0
1.8
2.6
Condition1: At maximum Flow Condition
Sl.no FORCES
a. 0.5 1 1.8 2.4 2.3 4.968 1.4 6.9552
b. 1 1 0.8 2.4 2.3 4.416 0.4 1.7664
c. 0.5 1 0 2.4 2.3 0 0
iv Weight of water 0 0
a 0.5 1 1.8 2.4 1 2.16 2 4.32
b 1 1 2.6 0.8 1 2.08 1.3 2.704
ii Earth pressure 0 0
Vertical component: 1.61475 2 3.229503
iii Water pressure
a 1 1 0.8 2.4 1 1.92 1.2 2.304
b 0.5 1 2.4 2.4 1 2.88 0.8 2.304
D/S Water pressure
0.5 1 1.5 1.5 1 1.125 0.5 0.5625
15.2388 7.69525 19.5376 6.024196
PWD, WRO
Xbar= 0.88678
e= b/2-x= 0.41322
6e/b= 0.95359
DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND UPSTREAM WING WALL

Top level ofabutment= 300.3 m
Width of platform= b1= 0.45 m
Front slope= 1: 0
Front batter 0m
Rear slope= 1: 0.7
Rear batter= 2.59 m
Height= 3.7 m
Density= 2 t/m3
f= 22 o
d= f/2= 11 o
a o= 0.02
ah= B*I*ao 0
av= 1/2*ah= 0
-1
00 or 0
a= 34.992 o
i= 0
Increment= 0%
cosl 1
Cos^2(f-l-a)= 0.9495
Cos^2a= 0.6711
Cos(d+l+a)= 0.6948
Sin(f+d)= 0.5446
Sin(f-i-l)= 0.3746
Cos(a-i)= 0.8192
Cos(d+l+a)= 0.6948
1+ Sin(f+d)*Sin(f-i-l 0.5= 1.59872
Cos(a-i)*Cos(d+a+l)
1 2
1+ Sin(f+d)*Sin(f-i-l) 0.5 = 0.39125
PWD, WRO
Cos(a-i)*Cos(d+a+l)
PWD, WRO
Cos^2( f-d-a) = 2.03624

(1+aV)= 1
Ca= (1+aV)* f-a) 1 2

Ca = 0.79668
Pa=1/2*w*h *Ca=
2

0.45 300.3
0 0.7
1 1
3.7
a b
296.6 o
0 0.45 2.59
0
3.04
Sl.no FORCES
a. 1 1 0.45 3.7 2.3 3.8295 2.815 10.78004
b. 0.5 1 2.59 3.7 2.3 11.0205 1.726667 19.02864
ii Earth pressure
Vertical component: 7.84448 0.863333 6.772399
22.6944 7.57744 45.92659

2.02369
e= b/2-x= 0.50369
6e/b= 0.99413
PWD, WRO
DESIGN OF DOWNSTREAM WING WALL

D/S waterlevel= 298.4 m
Top level ofabutment= 298.9 m
Width of platform= b1= 0.45 m
Front slope= 1: 0
Front batter 0 m
Rear slope= 1: 0.7
Rear batter= 1.61 m
Height= 2.3 m
Density= 2 t/m3
f= 22 o
d= f/2= 11 o
a o= 0
ah= B*I*ao 0
av= 1/2*ah= 0
-1
00 or 0
a= 34.992 o
i= 0
Increment= 0%
cosl 1
Cos^2(f-l-a)= 0.9495
Cos^2a= 0.6711
Cos(d+l+a)= 0.6948
Sin(f+d)= 0.5446
Sin(f-i-l)= 0.3746
Cos(a-i)= 0.8192
Cos(d+l+a)= 0.6948
1+ Sin(f+d)*Sin(f-i-l 0.5= 1.59872
Cos(a-i)*Cos(d+a+l)
1 2
1+ Sin(f+d)*Sin(f-i-l) 0.5 = 0.39125
Cos(a-i)*Cos(d+a+l)
Cos^2( f-d-a) = 2.03624

(1+aV)= 1
PWD, WRO
Ca= (1+aV)* f-a) 1 2

Ca = 0.79668
Pa=1/2*w*h2*Ca=
0.45 298.9
0 0.7
1 1
2.3
a b
296.6 o
0.45 1.61
0
2.06
Sl.no FORCES
a. 1 1 0.45 2.3 2.3 2.3805 1.835 4.368217
b. 0.5 1 1.61 2.3 2.3 4.25845 1.073333 4.570736
ii Earth pressure
Vertical component: 3.03121 0.536667 1.62675
9.67016 2.92802 12.81052

1.32475
e= b/2-x= 0.29475
6e/b= 0.85849

Design of Vertical Type Drop On Permeable Foundation Hydraulic Particulars

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PWD, WRO

Irrigation Design Handbook

8. DESIGN OF VERTICAL TYPE DROP ON PERMEABLE FOUNDATION

Head causing flow required for the design discharge 0.81825 m

Crest level = U/s TEL-H 299.827 - 0.82

Basin floor level= 296.9 - 0.3 = 296.6

Basin floor level based on hydraulic criteria = 297.0107 *

Length of floor required from exit gradient 2.19 m

Correction for floor thickness

Correction for floor thickness

D = depthof pile below the floor 0.910738

s.no. f pile1 pile2

Assuming the jump forms at toe itself for worst condition

Unbalanced head at 5.8 m from 2.304135

UPSTREAM PROTECTION WORKS

As per pg 304 of Theory and Design of Irrigation structures by R.S Varshney

DOWNSTREAM PROTECTION WORKS

As per pg 305 of Theory and Design of Irrigation structures by R.S Varshney

D/S water depth 1.5 m

STABILITY ANALYSIS OF DROP WALL:

Cos^2( f-d-a) = 2.17586

Ca= (1+aV)* cos^2 ( f-d-a) 1 2

Earth pressure: 4.79572 t

III . Static earth pressure:

Condition2: Maximum Flow Condition

Cos^2( f-d-a) = 1.97561

Ca= (1+aV)* f-a) 1 2

Earth pressure: 2.39608 t

15.2388 7.69525 19.5376 6.024196

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND UPSTREAM WING WALL

Cos^2( f-d-a) = 2.03624

Ca= (1+aV)* f-a) 1 2

Earth pressure: 10.9066 t

22.6944 7.57744 45.92659

DESIGN OF DOWNSTREAM WING WALL

Cos^2( f-d-a) = 2.03624

Ca= (1+aV)* f-a) 1 2

9.67016 2.92802 12.81052

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