Solution To Me N Mine Mathematics VIII 18 Oct 2011supportMaterialMe N Mine-Mathematics-8 (New) PDF

Solution to Me N Mine Mathematics VIII Oct 2011 By Sunil
Solutions to
Mathematics
PULLOUT WORKSHEETS
FOR CLASS VIII
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CONTENTS
1. Rational Numbers
 Worksheets (1 to 7) ..................................................................................................... 5
2. Linear Equations in One Variable
 Worksheets (8 to 14) ................................................................................................. 18
3. Understanding Quadrilaterals
 Worksheets (15 to 20) ............................................................................................... 36
4. Practical Geometry
 Worksheets (21 to 26) ............................................................................................... 46
5. Data Handling
 Worksheets (27 to 33) ............................................................................................... 59
6. Squares and Square Roots
 Worksheets (34 to 40) ............................................................................................... 70
7. Cubes and Cube Roots
 Worksheets (41 to 47) ............................................................................................... 82
8. Comparing Quantities
 Worksheets (48 to 54) ............................................................................................... 93
9. Algebraic Expressions and Identities
 Worksheets (55 to 60) ............................................................................................. 106
–2–
10. Visualising Solid Shapes
 Worksheets (61 to 67) ............................................................................................. 115
11. Mensuration
 Worksheets (68 to 75) ............................................................................................. 124
12. Exponents and Powers
 Worksheets (76 to 81) ............................................................................................. 141
13. Direct and Inverse Proportion
 Worksheets (82 to 88) ............................................................................................. 150
14. Factorization
 Worksheets (89 to 95) ............................................................................................. 159
15. Introduction to Graphs
 Worksheets (96 to 101) ........................................................................................... 168
16. Playing with Numbers
 Worksheets (102 to 107) ......................................................................................... 177
PRACTICE PAPERS (1 to 5) ................................................................................... 183
–3–
Solution to
PULLOUT WORKSHEETS
AND
PRACTICE PAPERS
PAPERS
[Summative Assessments]
Chapter
1 RATIONAL NUMBERS
WORKSHEET–1
2 1
0 must be negative. – and – lie
1. (D) Negative of – 7 = – (– 7) = 7 3 3
between – 1 and 0.
[∵ – (– a) = a]
2. (C)Multiplicative identity for any 1 1
11. (C) = 0.1428, = 0.1667
rational number = 1. 7 6
( )
–1 13 9 18
4 4 – 5
3. (B) Reciprocal of = = . = 0.13, = = 0.18,
– 5 –5 4 100 50 100
7 –7 7 13 3 15
4. (D) × Reciprocal of = × = = 0.15
5 13 5 –7 20 100
– 13 3 1 1
= . ∴ is between and .
5 20 7 6
5. (A) The given property is commutativity 12. (B) The sum, subtraction and multiplica-
under multiplication. tion of two rational numbers is always
a rational number.
6. (B)
– 3
5
×
4
7
×
15
16
× ( )– 14
9 13. (D)
7
is not defined and so it is not a
0
– 3 4 15 – 14 rational number.
= × × ×
9 16 5 7 14. (A)Area of rectangle
–1 1 3 – 2 = Length × Breadth
= × × ×
3 4 1 1
4 3
= ×
6 1 7 8
= = .
12 2
12 3
= = m 2.
7. (B) Since addition is associative for 56 14
rational numbers. Therefore, for rational
numbers a, b and c, Area 1 5
15. (C) Length = = = cm.
a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c.
Breadth 3
5 () 3
8. (A) Since – 3 is a negative number, so it

is on the left of 0 on the number line.
16. (A) Additive inverse of
19
– 6
=–
19
–6 ( )
9. (D) Reciprocal of zero is not defined.
19
10. (D) Rational numbers between – 1 and = .
6
R A T I O N A L N U M B E R S 5
WORKSHEET
WORKSHEET––2 (ii) LCM of 2, 5, 10 and 15 = 30
Now,
– 51 51 17 × 3 17 2 2×6 12
1. (i) = = = . = =
– 72 72 24 × 3 24 5 5×6 30
– 15 – 1 × 15 –1 –1 – 1 × 15 – 15
(ii) = = . = =
30 2 × 15 2 2 2 × 15 30
2. (i) ∵ – 10 < – 5 8 – 8×2 – 16

= =
– 15 15 × 2 30
– 10 – 5
∴ < . – 3 – 3×3 – 9
7 7 = =
10 10 × 3 30
(ii) ∵ 7 > – 7
∵ – 16 < – 15 < – 9 < 12
7 –7
∴ > . – 16 – 15 – 9 12
3 3 ∴ < < <
30 30 30 30
3. (i) Let us first find the LCM of 6, 5, 3
and 2 8 –1 – 3 2
or < < < .
2 6, 5, 3, 2 – 15 2 10 5
LCM of 6, 5, 3 and 2
= 2 × 3 × 5 = 30 3 3, 5, 3, 1 – 5 3
5 1, 5, 1, 1 4.(i) LHS = +
Now, 8 5
1, 1, 1, 1
– 5×5+3×8 –1
–1 –1×5 – 5 = =
= = 40 40
6 6 × 5 30
3 – 5 3×8–5×5
RHS = + =
1 1× 6 – 6 5 8 40
= =
– 5 – 5×6 30 –1
24 – 25
= =
40 40
–1 – 1 × 10 – 10
= = Clearly, LHS = RHS
3 3 × 10 30
Hence verified.
–1 − 1 × 15 15
= = 18 – 8
– 2 − 2 × 15 30 (ii) LHS = (– 8) × = × 18
24 24
1 1 × 30 30 –1 – 18
1= = = = × 18 =
1 1 × 30 30 3 3
∵ – 10 < – 6 < – 5 < 15 < 30 18 – 8
RHS = × (– 8) = 18 ×
24 24
– 10 – 6 – 5 15 30
∴ < < < < –1 – 18
30 30 30 30 30 = 18 × =
3 3
–1 1 –1 –1 Clearly, LHS = RHS
or < < < < 1.
3 – 5 6 – 2 Hence verified.
6 M A T H E M A T I C S – VIII
5. Yes. 1
3
7
=
1×7 + 3
7
=
7+3
7
=
10
7
(iii)
– 9
13
– – ( )
1
26
=
– 9
13
+
1
26
3 [∵ – (– a) = a]
Multiplicative inverse of 1
7 – 9 × 2 +1×1
=
26
1 7 – 18 + 1 – 17
= = = 0.7.
( )
10
7
10 =
26
=
26
.
1 3 1 × 14 + 1 × 2 – 3 × 1
6. Let us 1 is represented on the number 9. (i) 1 + – =
7 14 14
line by 5 divisioins
[∵ LCM (1, 7, 14) = 14]
8 8
Therefore, is represented by ×5 14 + 2 – 3 13
5 5 = = .
14 14
i.e., 8 divisions.
– 4 – 2 – 5
(ii) + –
9 3 9
– 4 – 2 5
8 = + +
Thus, the point A represents on the 9 3 9
5
[∵ – (–a) = a]
number line.
– 4 ×1– 2× 3+ 5×1
7. There are infinitely many rational =
9
numbers less than 3. Five of them are:
[∵ LCM (3, 9) = 9]
– 3, – 1, 0, 1, 2.
– 4–6+5 – 5
= = .
7 1 –7 1 9 9
8. (i) – + = +
8 4 8 4
WORKSHEET–3
– 7 × 1+ 1× 2 – 7+2
( –87 × 214 ) × –43

= =
8 8
1. (i) LHS =
– 5
= ( )
= . – 7×4 – 3
8 ×
8 × 21 4
(ii)
3
5 ( )
+ –
7
6
=
3
5
+
–7
6 =(
– 1×1
2×3 ) ×
– 3
4
=
–1
6
×
– 3
4
3 × 6 – 7 × 5 18 – 35 (– 1) × (– 3) 3 1
= = = = =
30 30 6×4 6×4 2×4
– 17 1
= . =
30 8
RHS =
–7
8 (
×
4 – 3
21
×
4 ) =
– 5
7 (
×
13 – 1
15
×
4 )
× (
15 × 4 )
× {
21 × 4 }
–7 4 × (–3) – 5 – 13
= =
8 7
× {
7 }
–7 1 × (–1) 5 × 13 13
= = =
8 7 × 15 × 4 7×3×4
–7 –1 (–7) × (–1) 13
= × = = .
8 7 8×7 84
7 1 RHS = (a × b) × c
= =
( –75 × 1315 ) × –41
8×7 8
As, LHS = RHS, the given rational =
numbers satisfy the property of
multiplication.  – 1 × 13  –1
=  7×3  ×
  4
(ii) LHS = ( 73 × –83 ) × –32 =
– 13
7×3
×
–1
4
=
13
7×3×4
3 × (– 3) – 2 – 9 – 2 13
= × = × = .
7×8 3 56 3 84
Hence, a × (b × c) = (a × b) × c
9×2 3×1 3
= = = verified.
56 × 3 28 × 1 28
3. (i) Reciprocal of – 7
RHS =
3
7
× ( –83 × –32 ) = Reciprocal of
–7
1
=
1
–7
.
{ }
3 (– 3) × (– 2) (ii) Reciprocal of 1
= ×
7 8×3 1 1
= Reciprocal of = = 1.
1 1
× ( )
3 3×2 3 1 3 – 4 7
= = × = (iii) Reciprocal of = .
7 8×3 7 4 28 7 – 4
As LHS = RHS, the given rational 3 – 5
numbers satisfy the property of (iv) Reciprocal of = .
– 5 3
multiplication. – 2 5 (– 2) × 5
4.(i) – 2 ÷ =–2× =
– 5 13 5 – 2 –2
2. Substitute a = ,b= and
7 15 = 5.
c=
–1
4
in LHS and RHS separately. (ii)
13
7
÷ ( )
– 14
13
=
13
7
 13 
×  – 14 
 
L.H.S = a × (b × c) 13 × 13 – 169
= = .
7 × (– 14) 98
( )
–2 –4 –2 39 3 – 5 – 2
(iii) ÷ = × = . (ii) Substituting x = and y = in
13 39 13 –4 2 8 5
x + y, we get
4 – 5 – 2
4 1 3 12 x + y= +
5. ÷ = × = 8 5
7 3 7 1 7
− 5 × 5 + (− 2) × 8
12 × 12 144 =
= = 40
7 × 12 84 [∵ LCM (5, 8) = 40]
1 4 1 7 7 – 25 – 16 – 41
And ÷ = × = = = …(3)
3 7 3 4 12 40 40
7×7 49 −5 −2
= =
12 × 7 84 Substituting x = and y = in
8 5
144 49 y + x, we get
∵ 144 ! 49 ∴ !
84 84
– 2 – 5
4 1 1 4 y + x= +
or ÷ ! ÷ . 5 8
7 3 3 7
– 2 × 8 + (– 5) × 5
– 3 1 =
6. (i) Substituting x = and y = in 40
14 9
–16 – 25 – 41
x + y , we get = = …(4)
40 40
– 3 1 – 3 × 9 + 1 × 14 From equations (3) and (4), we have
x+y = + =
14 9 126 x + y = y + x.
[∵ LCM (14, 9) = 126] 7. Total number of students = 36.
– 27 + 14 – 13 Number of students liking cricket
= = …(1)
126 126 2
= of 36
– 3 1 3
Substituting x = and y = in
14 9 2
= × 36
3
y + x, we get
= 2 × 12 = 24
1 – 3 Number of students liking football
y+x = +
9 14 1
of 36
=
1 × 14 + (– 3) × 9 6
=
126 1
= × 36 = 1 × 6 = 6.
– 13 6
14 – 27
= = …(2) 8. Total number of books = 12480
126 126
From equations (1) and (2), we have Number of books on literature
x+y=y+x 5 5
= of 12480 = × 12480
8 8
= 5 × 1560 = 7800. –1 2 5 –1× 2 + 2 × 2 + 5 × 1
Number of books on fiction (ii) + + =
3 3 6 6
2 2
= of 12480 = × 12480 [∵ LCM (3, 3, 6) = 6]
5 5
= 2 × 2496 = 4992. – 2+4+5
=
6
1 16 × 4 + 1 2 65 2
9. A = 16 m2 = m = m. – 2+9 7
4 4 4 = = .
6 6
1 11 × 8 + 1 89
l = 11 m = m= m 1 3 3
8 8 8 3. Perimeter = 13 + 11 + 3
Area of a rectangle is given by 2 4 8
A =l×b 27 47 27
= + +
2 4 8
65 89 65 8
∴ b=A÷l= ÷ = × 27 × 4 + 47 × 2 + 27 × 1
4 8 4 89
=
65 × 2 130 41 8
= = = 1 m.
1 × 89 89 89 [∵ LCM (2, 4, 8) = 8]
41 108 + 94 + 27 229
So, the width of the rectangle is 1 m. = =
89 8 8
5
WORKSHEET
WORKSHEET––4 = 28
m.
8
1. (i) 4. As we know that additive inverse of
–a=a
6 6
∴ (i) Additive inverse of =
– 11 11
– 4
Point A represents on the number
5 4 4
And (ii) Additive inverse of = .
line. – 15 15
(ii)
– 3 1
5. Substituting x = and y = in
16 9
x + y, we get
– 2 – 3 1
Point B represents on the number x + y= +
7 16 9
line. – 27 + 16 – 11
= = …(1)
144 144
–8 –6 – 8 + (– 6) – 8–6
2. (i) + = = [∵ LCM (16, 9) = 144]
13 13 13 13
−3 1
– 14 Substituting x = and y = in
= . 16 9
13
y + x, we get
1 – 3 16 – 27 35 9 × 35
y + x= + = – 9
9 16 144 9. LHS = × =
20 – 27 20 × 27
– 11
= …(2) 1×7 7
144 = =
4×3 12
From equations (1) and (2), we obtain
x + y = y + x. 35 – 9 35 × 9
RHS = × =
– 27 20 27 × 20
6. Let the other rational number be x.
Then, 7×1 7
= = .
x+ ( –25 ) = – 7 or x – 52 = – 7 3×4 12
Since LHS = RHS. Therefore, verified.
5
∴ x= – 7 + 5 – 3 – 3 2
2 10. × + ×
– 5 6 10 10 3
(Transposing to RHS)
2
1 × (– 1) (– 1) × 1
– 14 + 5 – 9 = +
= = 2×2 5×1
2 2
– 9 –1 –1 (– 1) × 5 + (– 1) × 4
Thus, the other rational number is . = + =
2 4 5 20
7. Let the other rational number be y.
– 5–4 – 9
Then, = = .
20 20
y+ ( –23 ) = – 8 or y – 32 = – 8 11. LHS = ( –38 ) × 259 = –3 8× ×259
3
∴ y= – 8 +
2
– 8×3 – 24
3 = =
(Transposing – to RHS) 1 × 25 25
2
=
– 16 + 3
2
=
– 13
2
. RHS =
9
25
× ( –38 ) = 925× (–× 38)
–13
Thus, the other rational number is . 3 × (– 8) – 24
2 = =
25 × 1 25
– 2 – 42 – 2 – 21
8. × = × Clearly, LHS = RHS.
7 88 7 44
=
– 2
44
×
– 21
7
Hence, ( –38 ) × 259 = 259 × ( –38 ) is
verified.
–1 – 3 (– 1) × (– 3)
= × = 12. Additive inverse of
22 1 22 × 1
=
3
22
. – 2
7
=– ( –72 ) = 72 .
WORKSHEET
WORKSHEET––5 25 × (– 2) 5 × (– 1) – 5
= = =
24 × 5 12 × 1 12
– 2 1
1. Substituting x = and y = in Since, LHS = RHS.
15 4
–8 25 25 – 8
x + y, we get Therefore, × = × is
20 24 24 20
verified.
– 2 1
x + y= +
15 4 – 9 15 7 – 16
5. × + ×
– 8 + 15 7 5 27 8 35
= = …(1)
60 60 1 × (– 2)
– 1× 3
[∵ LCM (15, 4) = 60] = +
1× 3 1× 5
−2 1 – 2
Substituting x = and y = in =–1+
15 4 5
y + x, we get
– 5–2 –7
= = .
1 – 2 15 – 8 7 5 5
y + x= + = = …(2)
4 60 60
( –38 ) × 259 = –3 8× ×259
15
From equations (1) and (2), x + y = y + x 6. LHS =
is verified.
2. Other rational number –8×3 – 24
= =
( –23 )
1 × 25 25
=–9–
=–9+
3
=
– 9×2+3 RHS =
9
25
× ( –38 ) = 925× (–× 38)
2 2
– 18 + 3 – 15 3 × (– 8) – 24
= = . = =
2 2 25 × 1 25
– 3 – 42 – 3 –7 Since LHS = RHS, so the given

3. × = × statement is proved.
7 66 7 11
(– 3) × (– 7) (– 3) × (– 1) 1 48 + 1 49
= = 7. 12 m= m= m
7 × 11 1 × 11 4 4 4
3 1 636 + 1 637
= . ` 212 =` =`
11 3 3 3
– 8 25 – 2 25
4. LHS = × = × 49 637
20 24 5 24 ∵ Cost of m cloth = `
4 3
– 2 × 25 – 1× 5 – 5
= = =
5 × 24 1 × 12 12 637
25 –8 25 – 2 ∴Cost of 1m cloth = ` 3
RHS = × = × 49
24 20 24 5 4
637 4 Now,
=` ×
3 49
=`
4
× 13 = `
52
1
5
=
1 × 10
5 × 10
=
10
50 (∵ 505 = 10 )
3 3
50 (
= 5)
1 – 2 – 2×5 – 10 50
= ` 17 . = = ∵
3 10 10 × 5 10
8.
–1
4
=
– 1 × 18
4 × 18
=
– 18
72
and
4
25
=
4×2
25 × 2
=
8
50 (∵
50
25
= 2)
∵ – 10 < 8 < 10
–1 – 1 × 12 – 12
= = – 10 8 10
6 6 × 12 72 ∴ < <
50 50 50
Since any 5 rational numbers between
– 18 and – 12 are: – 17, – 16, – 15, – 14 – 2 4 1
or < < .
10 25 5
and – 13
Therefore, 5 rational numbers between (

11. – 20 ÷
5
10 ) × ( –101 × 5 )
– 18 – 12
and are:
72 72
– 17 – 16 – 15 – 14 – 13
(
= – 20 ×
10
5 ) × ( –21 )
, , , and .
72 72 72 72 72
–1 – 8
= (– 40) × – ( 21 ) = 402 = 20.
9. Sum of and
4 12 12. Total expenditure
–1 – 8 – 1× 3 – 8 = Expenditure on shopping
= + = +
4 12 4×3 12 + Expenditure on groceries.
– 3 –8 – 11 3 1
= + = = 15 + 58
12 12 12 4 8
–1 – 8
Product of and 60 + 3 464 + 1
4 12 = +
4 8
–1 – 8 8 8 1
= × = = = 63 465
4 12 4 × 12 48 6 = +
4 8
Now, the required quotient
63 × 2 + 465 × 1 126 + 465
– 11 = =
8 8
– 11 6 – 11
= 12 = × = . 591 7
1 12 1 2 = = 73 .
8 8
6
7
10. LCM of 5, 10 and 25 = 50. Thus, Reema spent ` 73 in all.
8
WORKSHEET
WORKSHEET––6 – 2 2 3
∴ A= – –
1. Let the other number be x. Then, 15 3 5
1 5 – 2 ×1– 2× 5 – 3× 3
x+ = =
3 9 15
5 1 – 2 – 10 – 9 – 21 –7
∴ x= – = = = .
9 3 15 15 5
1
(Transposing to RHS) –7
3 So, should be added.
5 ×1– 1× 3 5–3 2 5
= = = 5. Let B should be added. Then,
9 9 9
( 21 + 31 + 51 ) = 3
2
So, the required number is . B+
9
2. Let y should be added. Then,
∴ y+
–7
=
5
or y=
7
+
5 or B + ( 15 +3010 + 6 ) = 3
8 9 8 9
31
7×9+5×8 or B+ =3
or y= 30
72
[∵ LCM (8, 9) = 72] 31 90 – 31 59
∴ B=3– = =
30 30 30
63 + 40 103 31
= = or 1 59
72 72 72 So, should be added.
30
31
So, 1 should be added. 6. Let x should be subtracted. Then,
72
3. Let p should be subtracted. Then,
3 5
( 34 – 23 ) – x = –61
– p=
7 4 3 2 1
∴ – + =x
3 5 3×4–5×7 4 3 6
∴ – =p or =p
7 4 28
3 × 3 – 2 × 4 + 1× 2
or =x
12 – 35 – 23 12
or = p or =p
28 28 9–8+2 3
or = x or =x
– 23 12 12
So, should be subtracted.
28 1
or =x
4. Let A should be added. Then, 4
1
2 3 – 2 So, should be subtracted.
A+ + = 4
3 5 15
7. Let y should be added. Then, 8 8 × (– 7)
–7 1 × –7
10. × = =
– 4 –1 – 9 – 16 – 16 × – 9 2×9
y+ =
9 9
–7
= .
4 1 4–1 3 1 18
∴ y= – = = =
9 9 9 9 3
1
11. ( –187 × –157 ) – ( 1 × 14 ) + ( 21 × 41 )
So, should be added.
= ( ) – ( ) + ( )
3 1× 5 1 1
8. Let M should be added. Then, 6×1 4 8
M+ ( 13 + 14 + 51 ) = 4 =
5
6
–
1
4
+
1
8
20 + 15 + 12 5 × 4 – 1× 6 + 1× 3
or M + =4 =
60 24
20 – 6 + 3 17
47 = = .
or M+ =4 24 24
60
∴ M= 4 –
47
60
=
240 – 47 193
60
=
60
.
12. ( –23 × 54 ) + ( 95 × – 310 ) – ( 21 × 43 )
= (
1× 5 ) ( 1×1 ) (2 × 4)
13 – 3×2 3 × (– 2) 1× 3
or = 3 + –
60
13 – 6 –6 3
So, 3 should be added. = + –
60 5 1 8
9. Let x should be subtracted. Then, – 6 × 8 – 6 × 40 – 3 × 5
=
( 54 – 34 ) – x = –81
40
– 48 – 240 – 15 – 303 23
= = = –7 .
4 3 1 40 40 40
∴ – + =x
5 4 8
WORKSHEET
WORKSHEET––7
4 × 8 – 3 × 10 + 1 × 5
or =x –7 63 –7 – 64
40 1. (i) ÷ = ×
4 – 64 4 63
32 – 30 + 5 7
or = x or =x 7 × 64 1 × 16 16
40 40 = = =
4 × 63 1× 9 9
7
So, should be subtracted. 7
40 = 1 .
9
– 3 – 4 – 3 65 – 33 4 – 3×2
(ii) ÷ = × ∴ × =x or =x
13 65 13 – 4 10 – 11 5 × (– 1)
3×5 15 3 6 1
= = = 3 . or x= or 1
4 4 4 5 5
2. Let you should be multiplied by x. Then, – 33 1
So, should be divided by 1 .
3 5 10 5
x× =
– 14 12 6. LCM of 7 and 12 = 84
5 – 14 5 × (– 7) 65 12 65 12
∴ x= × = Sum of and = +
12 3 6×3 12 7 12 7
– 35 17
= = –1 . 455 + 144 599
18 18 = = .
84 84
3. Let the other number be y. Then,
65 12 65 12
14 – 28 Difference of and = –
y× = 12 7 12 7
27 21
455 – 144 311
– 28 27 – 2×9 = = .
∴ y= × = 84 84
21 14 7 ×1
Now, the required result
– 18 4 599 311
= = –2 = ÷
7 7 84 84
4
So, the other number is – 2 . 599 84 599
7 = × =
84 311 311
4. Let the other number be M. Then,
288
4 1 = 1 .
M× = 311
5 5
7. ∵ Amount of iron filings for 24 cartons
1 5 1 = 54 kilos
∴ M= × =
5 4 4 ∴ Amount of iron filings for 1 carton
1 54
So, the other number is . = kilos
4 24
5. Let the required number be x. Then, 9 1

= or 2 kilos
4 4
– 33 – 11
÷ x=
10 4 So, the required amount of iron filings
– 33 1 – 11 9
or × = is kilos.
10 x 4 4
8 65 + 132 – 286 197 – 286 – 89
8. The point A represents and the point = = = .
5 286 286 286
– 8
B represents on the number line. – 16 14 – 16 14
5 11. (i) × = ×
21 5 5 21
– 16 2
= ×
5 3
9. The required three rational numbers are:
– 32
– 2, – 1, 0. = .
15
10. ( 113 × 65 ) – ( 129 × 34 ) + ( 135 × 65 ) (ii)

– 11
9
×
– 81
– 88
=
– 11
9
×
81
88
– ( ) + (
13 × 1 )
= ( )
1× 5 3×1 1× 6 – 11 81
11 × 2 3×1 = ×
88 9
5 6 5 × 13 – 286 + 6 × 22 –1 9 – 9
= –1+ = = × = .
22 13 286 8 1 8
[∵ LCM (13, 22) = 286] ❏❏
Chapter
2 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE
WORKSHEET–8 or 1.5t – 1.35 = 3t – 2.25

or 2.25 – 1.35 = 3t – 1.5t
1. (C) x – 2 = 5 ⇒ x = 2 + 5 = 7. (Transposing)
y 0.9 3
2. (A) 1.3 = ⇒ y = 1.3 × 1.2 or = t or =t
1.2 1.5 5
∴ y = 1.56. i.e., t = 0.6.
3. (D) 8x + 6 = 5(x – 2) + 3 y 7
8. (A) = or 9y = 14y – 105
2 y – 15 9
or 8x + 6 = 5x – 10 + 3
– 105
or 8x – 5x = – 10 + 3 – 6 or 3x = – 13 or – 5y = – 105 ∴ y = = 21.
–5
13
∴ x= – . x–1 x–2
3 9. (D) x – = 1–
3 2
8 8
4. (C) 3m = 5m – or = 5m – 3m 3x – x + 1 2–x+2
5 5 or =
3 2
8 4
or = 2m ∴ m= . 2x + 1 4–x
5 5 or =
3 2
5. (B) z – 7 = 2 ( 3z + 5 ) or 4x + 2 = 12 – 3x
10
2 or 7x = 10 or x= .
or z – 7 = z + 10 7
3
1 3
2 10. (B) Substituting m = in 7m + 3 = 6 +
∴ z – z = 10 + 7 or z = 17 2
3 3
or z = 17 × 3 ∴ z = 51. 5m, we get
6. (B)
x
3
+
1
4
x
2
=–
1
5
7 ( 32 ) + 3 = 6 + 5 ( 32 )
x x 1 1 21 15
or – = – – (Transposing) or + 3= 6 +
3 2 4 5 2 2
2x – 3x – 5–4 21 + 6 12 + 15 27 27
or = or = or =
6 20 2 2 2 2
x 9 9×6 Which is true.
or = or x =
6 20 20
27 So, the given equation is satisfied by m
i.e., x = .
10 3
= .
7. (C) 0.15(10t – 9) = 0.75(4t – 3) 2
7y 14 20
11. (B) 7y = 14 or = ∴ x= = 10
7 7 2
∴ y = 2. ∴ 3x = 3 × 10 = 30.
12. (A) Let x should be added. Then, 16. (D) Let the numerator of the original
number be x.
– 14 3
x+ = Then its denominator = x + 6.
3 7
3 14 9 + 98 x+2 3
∴ x= + = So =
7 3 21 x+6+2 5
107 or 5x + 10 = 3x + 24
= .
21 24 – 10
∴ x= =7
13. (B) Let the required number be y. 2
And, x + 6 = 7 + 6 = 13.
3 3 3
Product of y and = y × = y.
5 5 5 7
Hence, the original number is .
7 3 7 13
Sum of this product and = y+
12 5 12
17. (D) Let ten’s digit = x.
According to the given condition,
Then units’s digit = x + 5
3 7 11
y + = So [10x + x + 5] + [10(x + 5) + x] = 99
5 12 60
or 22x + 55 = 99
3 11 7
∴ y = –
5 60 12 44
∴ x= =2
3 11 – 35 22
or y = And, x + 5= 2 + 5 = 7
5 60
– 8 ∴ The original number = 10x + x + 5
– 24 5 – 2
∴ y= × = = . = 27.
60 3 12 3
14. (C) Let present age of Anand = x years WORKSHEET–9
Then, present age of his father = 4x
1. (i) 3x = 36
years
According to the given condition, 3x 36
or = (Dividing throughout
3 3
(x + 4) + (4x + 4) = 58
by 3)
∴ 5x = 58 – 8 ∴ x = 12.
50 3x
or = 10 years.
x= (ii) = 60
5 2
And 4x = 4 × 10 = 40 years. 3x 2 2
or × = 60 ×
15. (B) Let the number of boys be 5x and 2 3 3
the number of girls be 3x. 2
(Multiplying throughout by )
3
So, 5x – 3x = 20
∴ x = 40.
L I N E A R E Q U A T I O N S I N O N E V A R I... 19
x 3 or x + 1 – 1= 4 – 1
(iii) =
17 34 (Subtracting 1 from both sides)
x 3 ∴ x = 3.
or × 17 = × 17
17 34
x 70 – x
(Multiplying throughout by 17) 2. (i) + = 19
10 2
3
∴ x= . x + 350 – 5 x
2 or = 19
10
(iv) x – 5 = 17 Multiplying both sides by 10, we get
or x – 5 + 5 = 17 + 5 x + 350 – 5x = 190
(Adding 5 to both sides) or – 4x = 190 – 350
∴ x = 22. (Transposing 350 to RHS)
OR or – 4x = – 160
(i) – x + 1= 3 Dividing both sides by – 4, we get
or – x + 1 – 1= 3 – 1 x = 40.
(Subtracting 1 from both sides) (ii) 8(x + 40) = 1.5(2x + 8)
or – x= 2 or 8x + 320 = 3x + 12
or – x × (– 1) = 2 × (– 1) or 8x – 3x = 12 – 320
(Multiplying throughout by – 1) (On transposing)
∴ x = – 2. or 5x = – 308
(ii) 2x + 1 = 5 Dividing both sides by 5, we get
or 2x + 1– 1 = 5 – 1
x = – 61.6.
(Subtracting 1 from both sides)
OR
or 2x = 4
or x = 2. (Dividing 3x – 7 1– x
(i) =
throughout by 2) 5 –3
(iii) – 7 – x= 3 Multiplying both sides by 15, we get
or 7 + x= – 3
9x – 21 = – 5 + 5x
(Multiplying throughout by – 1)
On transposing, we get
or 7 + x – 7= – 3 – 7
9x – 5x = – 5 + 21
(Subtracting 7 from both sides)
or 4x = 16
∴ x = – 10.
(iv) 3(x + 1) = 12 Dividing both sides by 4, we get
or 3x + 3 = 12 x = 4.
or x + 1= 4 y+1 2y + 3
(ii) =
(Dividing throughout by 3) y–1 2y + 5
Cross-multiplying, we have 4. Let Mr. Sharma’s son’s age now = x
years
(y + 1) (2y + 5) = (y – 1) (2y + 3)
Then Mr. Sharma’s age now = 2x years
or 2y2 + 5y + 2y + 5
After 4 years, Mr. Sharma’s age
= 2y2 + 3y – 2y – 3
= (2x + 4) years
or 2y2 – 2y2 + 5y + 2y – 3y + 2y
9 years ago, The son’s age = (x – 9)
=–3–5
years
or 6y = – 8
Dividing both sides by 6, we get
2x + 4 = 4(x – 9)
– 4 or 2x + 4 = 4x – 36
y= .
3
or 40 = 2x
2x + 1 5 or 20 = x (Dividing both sides
3. =
3x – 2 9 by 2)
Cross-multiplying, we have ∴ 2x = 2 × 20 = 40 years.
9(2x + 1) = 5(3x – 2) Thus, Mr. Sharma’s age is of 40 years
and his son is of 20 years now.
or 18x + 9 = 15x – 10
OR
or 18x – 15x = – 10 – 9
Let breadth b1 of the rectangle be x, i.e.,
or 3x = – 19 b1 = x
Dividing both sides by 3, we get Then, length l1 = 7 + b1 = 7 + x
– 19 ∴ Area A1 = l1 × b1= (7 + x) × x
x= .
3
New length l2 = l1 – 10 = 7 + x – 10
Verification:
=x–3
LHS =
2x + 1
=
2 – ( )
19
3
+1 New breadth b2 = b1 – 3 = x – 3
3x – 2
3 – ( )
19
3
–2
∴ New area A2 = l2 × b2
= (x – 3) × (x – 3)
– 19 But, A2 = A1 – 108
(Substituting x = )
3 ∴ (x – 3) (x – 3) = (7 + x)x – 108
– 38 or x2 – 6x + 9 = 7x + x2 – 108
+1 – 38 + 3 – 35
= 3 = = or x2 – 6x – 7x – x2 = – 108 – 9
– 57 – 57 – 6 – 63
–2 or – 13x = – 117
3
Dividing both sides by – 13, we get
35 5
= = = RHS x= 9
63 9
i.e., b1 = 9 m
Hence verified.
Further, l1 = 7 + x = 7 + 9 x+1 3( x – 1)
6. (i) – = 2
= 16 m 5 10
Thus, length = 16 m and breadth = 9 m. x+1 3x – 3
or – = 2
5. Let weight of box B = x kg 5 10
2x + 2 – 3x + 3
Then weight of box A or = 2
10
1 13 or 2x + 2 – 3x + 3 = 20
=x+ 3 =x+
4 4 or – x + 5 = 20 or – x = 15
4 x + 13 ∴ x = – 15.
= kg
4
1 1 2
And weight of box C (ii) + =
a+2 a+1 a + 10
3 11
=x+ 2 =x+ ( a + 1) + ( a + 2) 2
4 4 or =
( a + 1)( a + 2) a + 10
4 x + 11
= kg or (a + 1) (a + 10) + (a + 2) (a + 10)
4
Total weight of the three boxes = 39 = 2(a + 1) (a + 2)
or a2 + 10a + a + 10 + a2 + 10a + 2a +
4 x + 13 4 x + 11 20 = 2a2 + 4a + 2a + 4
or +x+ = 39
4 4
or 2a2 + 23a – 2a2 – 6a = 4 – 30
or 4x + 13 + 4x + 4x + 11 = 156
or 17a = – 26
or 12x + 24 = 156 – 26
or 12x = 156 – 24 = 132 or a= .
17
or x=
132
12
= 11 (iii)
0.1
2 (
x – 5 0.2 x –
2
25 )
= 3x
∴ Weight of box B = x = 11 kg Multiplying both sides by 2, we get

Weight of box A
4 x + 13 4 × 11 + 13 57
(
0.1x – 10 0.2 x –
2
25 )
= 6x
= = =
4 4 4 Again multiplying both sides by 25,
we get
1
( )
= 14 kg. 2
4 2.5x – 250 0.2 x – = 150x
And weight of box C 25
or 2.5x – 50x + 20 = 150x
4 x + 11 4 × 11 + 11 55
= = = or 20 = 150x – 2.5x + 50x
4 4 4
or 20 = 197.5x
3
= 13 kg. 20 200 8
4 ∴ x= = = .
197.5 1975 79
WORKSHEET–10 2x + 4x = 10
This is the required equation.
3x + 2 Let us solve it.
1. (i) =7
x+1 2x + 4x = 10
or 3x + 2 = 7(x + 1) or 6x = 10
or 3x + 2 = 7x + 7 10 5
or 2 – 7 = 7x – 3x or – 5 = 4x ∴ x= =
6 3
– 5 5
∴ x= . Thus, the number is .
4 3
(ii) Let the cost of a chair be ` y
4m – 1 2
(ii) = Then the cost of a table = ` (y + 20)
m 3
3(4m – 1) = 2m or 12m – 3 = 2m According to given condition, we
obtain
3
or 10m = 3 ∴ m= . 2(y + 20) + 3y = 340
10
OR
Let us solve it.
p+1
(i) p + = 6p 2(y + 20) + 3y = 340
3
2y + 40 + 3y = 340
3p + p + 1
or = 6p or 5y = 340 – 40 = 300
3
or 4p + 1 = 18p 300
or y= = 60
or 1 = 18p – 4p or 1 = 14p 5
∴ y + 20 = 60 + 20 = 80
1
∴ p= . ∴ Cost of 1 chair is ` 60 and cost of 1
14
table is ` 80.
5(– 7 y – 1) OR
(ii) = – 70
y
(i) Let three consecutive number be x,
or 5(– 7y – 1) = – 70y x + 1 and x + 2.
or – 35y – 5 = – 70y
Sum of these numbers = – 54
or 70y – 35y = 5
or 35y = 5 ∴ x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) = – 54
5 1 This is the required equation.
∴ y = = Let us solve it.
35 7
1 x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) = – 54
Thus, y = .
7 or 3x + 3 = – 54
2. (i) Let the number be x.
or 3x = – 54 – 3
Twice this number = 2 × x = 2x = – 57
and 4 times this number = 4 × x = 4x
– 57
According to given condition, we or x= = – 19
3
obtain
∴ x + 1 = – 19 + 1 = – 18 and 8y = 8 × 3 = 24
and x + 2 = – 19 + 2 = – 17. Therefore, the required numbers are
Hence, the required numbers are 21 and 24.
– 19, – 18 and – 17. 1 2 3
(ii) Let the number be y. 4.(i) + – =0
x–1 x+1 x
1 y
Its one-third = ×y= x( x + 1) + 2( x – 1)x – 3( x – 1)( x + 1)
3 3 or =0
( x – 1)( x + 1)x
According to given condition, we
or x2 + x + 2x2 – 2x – 3x2 + 3 = 0
y
obtain –2=3 or 3x2 – x – 3x2 + 3 = 0
3
This is the required equation. or – x + 3= 0
Let us solve it. or 3= x
y i.e., x = 3.
– 2= 3
3
y 6a + 7 5
or =3+2=5 (ii) =
3 3a + 2 3
or y = 3 × 5 = 15
or 3(6a + 7) = 5(3a + 2)
Thus, the required number is 15.
or 18a + 21 = 15a + 10
3. (i) Let an odd number be x
Then the next odd number = x + 2 or 18a – 15a = 10 – 21
And again the next odd number or 3a = – 11
=x+2+2=x+4 – 11
∴ a= .
Sum of these three numbers = 63 3
or x + x + 2 + x + 4 = 63 (iii) 7x = 42
or 3x + 6 = 63 Dividing both sides by 7, we get
or 3x = 63 – 6 = 57 42
x=
57 7
or x= = 19
3 ∴ x = 6.
∴ x + 2 = 19 + 2 = 21
3( a – 5) a–3
And x + 4 = 19 + 4 = 23 5. (i) – 4a= 3 –
4 2
Therefore, the required numbers are
19, 21 and 23. 3 a – 15 – 16 a 6–a+3
or =
(ii) Let the numbers be 7y and 8y. 4 2
Their sum = 45 – 13 a – 15 – a+9
or =
i.e., 7y + 8y = 45 or 15y = 45 4 2
45 Multiplying both sides by 4, we get
or y= =3
15 – 13a – 15 = – 2a + 18
∴ 7y = 7 × 3 = 21
or – 15 – 18 = – 2a + 13a
or – 33 = 11a 3 y 3y
× = =
– 33 4 2 8
or =a Number of children doing yoga = 9
11
∴ a = – 3. Consequently, we obtain
(3 x + 4) – ( x + 1) 1 y 3y
(ii) = y= + +9
5x – 3 23 2 8
3x + 4 – x – 1 1 4y + 3y
or = or y= +9
5x – 3 23 8
2x + 3 1 7y 7y
or = or y= + 9 or y – =9
5x – 3 23 8 8
y
By cross multiplying, we have or = 9 or y = 9 × 8 = 72
8
23(2x + 3) = 5x – 3 Thus, the number of total children in
or 46x + 69 = 5x – 3 the group is 72.
or 41x = – 72
WORKSHEET
WORKSHEET–– 11
– 72
∴ x= . 1 1
41
1. (i) 4x – (x + 1) = 8(x + )
6. Let side of the square be x metres. 2 32
Then length of rectangles, l = (x + 3) m 1 1

or 4x – (x + 1) = 8x +
2 4
And breadth of rectangle, b = (x – 3) m
∴ Perimeter of the rectangle Multiplying both sides by 4, we get
= 2(l + b) = 2(x + 3 + x – 3) 16x – 2x – 2 = 32x + 1

= 4x m. or – 2 – 1 = 32x – 14x
According to given perimeter, we have or – 3 = 18x
4x = 36
– 3 –1
or x = 9. or = x or =x
18 6
Therefore, the side of the square is 9 m. –1
i.e., x= .
OR 6
Let the number of total children in the x+2 x–2
(ii) –x=
group be y. 8 4
Then number of children playing in the Multiplying both sides by 8, we get
y x + 2 – 8x = 2x – 4
park =
2 or 2 + 4 = 2x + 7x or 6 = 9x
Number of remaining children
6 2
y y or =x or =x
=y– = 9 3
2 2 2
Number of children busy in studies ∴ x = .
3
2( x – 6) 1 – 8
(iii) 4– = (4x + 6) or =x
3 2 33
2 x – 12 8
or 4– = 2x + 3 i.e., x= – .
3 33
Multiplying both sides by 3, we get
12 – 2x + 12 = 6x + 9
(vi)
4x + 3
4
− x−( 2x − 1
3 )
=x+
1
3
or 24 – 9 = 6x + 2x or 15 = 8x Multiplying both sides by 12, we get
12x + 9 – (12x – 8x + 4) = 12x + 4
15
or =x or 12x + 9 – 12x + 8x – 4 = 12x + 4
8 or 9 – 4 – 4 = 12x – 8x
15
i.e., x= . or 1 = 4x
8 1
or =x
2 2 y + 40 4
y+8 7 7 1
(iv) 5 = or 5 = i.e., x= .
3 4 3 y – 28 4 4
y–4 2. (i) Let the number be x.
7 7
Thrice x = 3x
2 y + 40 7 7
or × = According to given condition, we
5 3 y – 28 4
have
20(3 y – 28)
Multiplying both sides by , 3x = 60
7
we get This is the required equation.
4 × (2y + 40) = 5(3y – 28) Let us solve this equation.
or 8y + 160 = 15y – 140 3x = 60
or 160 + 140 = 15y – 8y 3x 60
or =
300 3 3
or 300 = 7y or =y (Dividing both sides by 3)
7
300 or x = 20.
i.e., y= .
7 Therefore, 20 is the required number.
x 2 – ( x + 1)( x + 2) (ii) Let the number be y.
(v) =6
5x + 1 Subtracting 60 from y, we get y – 60.
Multiplying both sides by (5x + 1), According to given condition, we
have
we get
y – 60 = 52
x2 – (x + 1) (x + 2) = 6(5x + 1)
or x2 – (x2 + 2x + x + 2) = 6(5x + 1) Let us solve this equation.
or x2 – x2 – 3x – 2 = 30x + 6 y – 60 = 52
or – 2 – 6 = 30x + 3x or y = 52 + 60 = 112.
or – 8 = 33x Therefore, 112 is the required number.
(iii) Let the numbers be 5z and 8z. and, Shanu’s age = (7x + 4) years.
According to given condition, we According to given condition, we
have have
5z + 8z = 130 5x + 4 3
=
This is the required equation. 7x + 4 4
Cross-multiplying, we get
Let us solve this equation.
or 21x + 12 = 20x + 16
5z + 8z = 130 or 13z = 130
or 21x – 20x = 16 – 12
130
or z= = 10 or x= 4
13
∴ 5z = 5 × 10 = 50 and ∴ 5x = 5 × 4 = 20 and 7x = 7 × 4 = 28
8z = 8 × 10 = 80. Therefore, the age of Mintu is 20
Therefore, 50 and 80 are the required years and the age of Shanu is 28
numbers. years.
OR 3. (i) 12(3 – x) = 48
(i) Let present age of Sumi’s brother = x or 36 – 12x = 48 or 36 – 48 = 12x
years.
– 12
Then present age of Sumi = (x + 9) or =x ∴ x = – 1.
12
years.
(ii) 2x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) = 103
After 10 years, age of Sumi
or 2x + x + 1 + x + 2 = 103
= (x + 9 + 10) years
or 4x = 103 – 3
= (x + 19) years.
or 4x = 100
10 years ago, age of Sumi’s brother =
(x – 10) years. 100
or x=
According to given condition, we 4
have ∴ x = 25.
x + 19 = 2 × (x – 10) x 7
(iii) + 1=
or x + 19 = 2x – 20 3 15
or 19 + 20 = 2x – x or 5x + 15 = 7
or 39 = x (Multiplying both sides by 15)
∴ x + 9 = 39 + 9 = 48. or 5x = 7 – 15 = – 8
Therefore, present age of Sumi is 48 8
years and present age of her brother ∴ x= –.
5
is 39 years. 4. Let number of ten rupee notes be x.
(ii) Let Mintu’s present age be 5x years Then number of five rupee notes
and Shanu’s present age be 7x years. = x + 3.
Four years later, Mintu’s age Amount by ten rupee notes
= (5x + 4) years. = ` (x × 10) = ` 10x
Amount by five rupee notes (ii) p – 15 = – 30
= ` {(x + 3) × 5} or p = – 30 + 15 ∴ p = – 15.
= ` (5x + 15) (iii) a – 10 = 10
Sum of these amounts or a = 10 + 10 ∴ a = 20.
= ` 10x + `( 5x + 15) (iv) –x–6 =–7
= ` (15x + 15) or –6+7 =x ∴ x = 1.
This is given to be ` 195. 1
(v) x– =3
∴ 15x + 15 = 195 2
or 15x = 195 – 15 = 180 1 6+1
or x =3+ or x=
2 2
180 7
or x= = 12 ∴ x = .
15 2
∴ x + 3 = 12 + 3 = 15. 3.(i) Let the number be x. Then
Thus, Rohan has 12 notes of ten rupees x + 34 = 86.
and 15 notes of five rupees. (ii) Let the number by y. Then
WORKSHEET–12 2y = 20.
1. (i) 2x = 50 (iii) Let the number be p. Then

p
50 = 16.
or x= ∴ x = 25. 2
2 (iv) Let Romi’s age be q years. Then
1 5q = 100.
(ii) y= 6
2 (v) Let the number be r. Then
or y= 2 × 6 ∴ y = 12.
8r + 2 = 60.
(iii) – 1.5x = – 4.5
– 4.5 3x + 5
45 4. (i) =4
or x= or x= 2x + 7
– 1.5 15
∴ x = 3. Cross-multiplying, we get
x 3x + 5 = 8x + 28
(iv) =2
– 5 or 5 – 28 = 8x – 3x or – 23 = 5x
or x = 2 × (– 5) ∴ x = – 10. – 23
or =x
–p – 3 5
(v) =
4 4 – 23
i.e., x= .
5
– 3
or – p= ×4 or – p = – 3 Check:
4
∴ p = 3. Numerator of LHS of given equation
2. (i)
or
x – 40 = 70
x = 70 + 40 ∴ x = 110.
=3×
– 23
5 ( )
+5=
– 69
5
+5
– 44 (ii) Let the number be y.
– 69 + 25
= = 1 2+1 3
5 5 One and half = 1 + = =
2 2 2
And its denominator
3 3 3
×y= y
( – 523 ) + 7 = – 546 + 7
times y =
2 2 2
=2
This is given to be 300.
– 46 + 35 – 11 3
= = ∴ y = 300
5 5 2
3 2 2
– 44 or y × = 300 ×
2 3 3
44
∴ LHS = 5 = =4 2
– 11 11 (Multiplying both sides by )
3
5
or y = 100 × 2 = 200
= RHS.
Thus, 200 is the required number.
2y + 5 OR
(ii) =1
y+4 Let the larger part be ` x.
Cross-multiplying, we get Then the smaller part = ` (1500 – x)
2y + 5 = 1 × (y + 4) 10 x
10% of x = ×x=
or 2y + 5 = y + 4 100 10
or 2y – y = 4 – 5 8
8% of (1500 – x) = × (1500 – x)
100
∴ y = – 1.
2
Check: = 120 – x
25
Numerator of LHS = 2(– 1) + 5 = 3 According to given condition, we
Denominator of LHS = – 1 + 4 = 3 have
∴ LHS =
3
3
= 1 = RHS.
x
10 (
– 120 – x
2
25 ) = 60
5. (i) Let the number be x. x 2
or – 120 + x = 60
10 25
Seven times of x = 7 × x = 7x
x 2
It is given to be 49. or + x = 60 + 120
10 25
5x + 4x
∴ 7x = 49 or = 180
50
7x 49
or = or 9x = 180 × 50
7 7
(Dividing both sides by 7) 180 × 50
or x =
∴ x = 7. 9
Thus, 7 is the required number. ∴ x = 1000
∴ 1500 – x = 1500 – 1000 = 500. 5x – 7(3x – 1) + 105 = 0
So, the larger part is ` 1000 and the or 5x – 21x + 7 + 105 = 0
smaller part is ` 500.
or 7 + 105 = 21x– 5x or 112= 16x
6. Let length of the rectangle be x m.
112
Then its breadth = (x – 50) m. or =x i.e. x = 7.
16
So the perimeter
= 2 × (length + breadth)
= 2 × (x + x – 50)
(ii)
2
3 (
(4x – 1) – 4 x –
1 – 3x
2 ) = x –2 7
= (4x – 100) m. 2(4 x – 1) 8x – 1 + 3x x–7
or – =
But the perimeter is given to be 280 m 3 2 2
∴ 4x – 100 = 280 Multiplying both sides by LCM(3, 2)
or 4x = 280 + 100 = 380 = 6, we get
4(4x – 1) – 3(11x – 1) = 3(x – 7)
380
or x= = 95 m or 16x – 4 – 33x + 3 = 3x – 21
4
Therefore, length = 95 m. or – 17x – 1 = 3x – 21
And breadth = x – 50 = 95 – 50 = 45 m. or – 1 + 21 = 3x + 17x
OR 20
Let one multiple of 5 be x. or 20 = 20x or =x
20
Then the next one = 5 + x. or 1= x i.e., x = 1.
Sum of these two multiples = x + 5 + x m–1 m–2
(iii) m– =4–
= 2x + 5 2 3
But this is given to be 55 2m – (m – 1) 12 – (m – 2)
or =
∴ 2x + 5 = 55 2 3
or 2x = 55 – 5 = 50 m+1 14 – m
or =
50 2 3
or x= = 25
2 or 3m + 3 = 28 – 2m
∴ 5 + x = 5 + 25 = 30.
25
Therefore, 25 and 30 are the two or m= =5
5
required multiples.
Thus, m = 5.
( )
WORKSHEET
WORKSHEET–– 13 4x + 3 2x – 1 1
(iv) – x– =x+
4 3 3
x 3x – 1
1. (i) – +3=0 4x + 3 3x – 2x + 1 3x + 1
7 5 or – =
4 3 3
Multiplying both sides by LCM (7,
5, 1) = 35, we get 4x + 3 x+1 3x + 1
or – =
4 3 3
Multiplying both sides by LCM or 7x + 11 = 12 × 5
(3, 4) = 12, we get or 7x = 60 – 11 = 49
12x + 9 – 4x – 4 = 12x + 4 49
or x= =7
7
or – 4x = – 1
Thus, x = 7.
–1 1
or x= = 2. (i) Let the number be x.
–4 4
1 30 less than x is x – 30
Thus, x=
4 This is given to be 80
4p – 2 2p + 5 2 ∴ x – 30 = 80
(v) – + =p
4 2 3 This is the required equation.
Multiplying both sides by LCM Let us solve it
x – 30 = 80
(2, 3, 4) = 12, we get
or x = 30 + 80
12p – 6 – 12p – 30 + 8 = 12p
or x = 110
– 28 Therefore, the required number is
or – 28 = 12p or =p
12 110.
–7 7 (ii) Let Gaurav’s age be y years
or =p i.e., p = – .
3 3
Then Preeti’s age = (y – 4) years
x2 – 9 – 5 But this is given to be 18 years.
(vi) =
2
x +5 9 ∴ y – 4 = 18
Putting x2 = y, we get This is the required equation.
Let us solve it.
y–9 – 5
= y – 4 = 18
y+5 9
or y = 18 + 4 = 22
Cross-multiplying, we get Therefore, Gaurav’s age is 22 years.
9y – 81 = – 5y – 25 (iii) Let the number be z.
or 9y + 5y = 81 – 25 50 z
56 50% of z = ×z=
or 14y = 56 or y = =4 100 2
14 This is given to be 50.
∴ x2 = 4 (∵ y = x2)
z
∴ = 50
or x= ± 4 2
or x= ± 2. This is the required equation.
x+2 x–3 x–1 Let us solve it.
(vii) – =5–
3 4 2 z
= 50
x+2 x–3 x–1 2
or – + =5 or z = 2 × 50 = 100
3 4 2
4x + 8 – 3x + 9 + 6x – 6 Therefore, the required number is
or =5 100.
12
3. Let one of the two numbers be x. So, the required equation is
Then the other one = x + 16. z – 20 = 80.
Sum of these two numbers = x + x + 16 OR
= 2x + 16 (i) Let a number be x.
This is given to be 60. 1 1 x
of x = ×x= .
∴ 2x + 16 = 60 10 10 10
or 2x = 60 – 16 = 44 So, the required equation is
44 x
or x= = 22 = 45.
2 10
∴ x + 16 = 22 + 16 = 38. (ii) Let the sum be y.
Hence, the two numbers are 22 and 38.
40 2 2y
OR 40% of y = ×y= y= .
100 5 5
Let larger part be y toffees. So, the required equation is
Then smaller part = (y – 12) toffees. 2y
Sum of these two parts = 300.
5
= y + y – 12 (iii) Let the number be z.
= (2y – 12) toffees 4+1 5
1
Since the total number of toffees is 72 2 and half = 2 + = =
2 2 2
∴ 2y – 12 = 72 5 5z
of z =
or 2y = 72 + 12 = 84 2 2
84 So, the required equation is
or y= = 42
2
5z
∴ y – 12 = 42 – 12 = 30 = 250.
2
Therefore, the larger part is 42 toffees
and the smaller part is 30 toffees. WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 14
4. (i) Let the number be x.
1. (i) 7x – 1 = 13
Adding 2 to 8 times x, we get 8x + 2.
or 7x = 13 + 1 = 14
So, the required equation is
(Adding 1 to both sides)
8x + 2 = 60.
(ii) Let the number be y. 14
or x=
Multiplying y by 9, we get 9y 7
So, the required equation is (Dividing both sides by 7)
9y = 117. or x = 2.
(iii) Let the number be z.
4x – 1
Subtracting 20 from z, we get z – 20 (ii) =1
2
or 4x – 1 = 1 × 2 = 2 20
or = x or 1 = x
(Multiplying both sides by 2) 20
or 4x = 2 + 1 = 3 i.e., x = 1.
3 2. Let the number be x.
∴ x= .
4 x
(Dividing both sides by 4) One-fourth x = .
4
5 x
(iii) 2x + 3(x – 1) = Since is 8 more than 5.
2 4
x
5 ∴ =5+8
or 2x + 3x – 3 = 4
2
or x = 13 × 4 = 52
5 11 Thus, the required number is 52.
or 5x = +3=
2 2
3. Let digit in units’s place of the given
11 1 number be x.
or x= ×
2 5
Then digit in ten’s place = 9 – x.
11 1 ∴ Given number = 10(9 – x) + x.
∴ x= = 1 .
10 10
A number obtained by interchaning its
2x – 3 x+1 3x – 8 digits = 10x + (9 – x).
(iv) – =
2 3 4 This obtained number – Given number
Multiplying both sides by LCM (2, 3, 4) = [10x + (9 – x)] – [10(9 – x) + x]
= 12, we get
= 10x + 9 – x – (90 – 10x + x)
6(2x – 3) – 4(x + 1) = 3(3x – 8)
= 10x + 9 – x – 90 + 10x – x
or 12x – 18 – 4x – 4 = 9x – 24
= 18x – 81
or – 18 – 4 + 24 = 9x – 12x + 4x
This is given to be 27.
or 2= x
∴ 18x – 81 = 27
i.e., x = 2.
or 18x = 27 + 81 = 108
(v)
2
3
(4x – 1) – 4 x – (
1 – 3x
2
=
x–7
2 ) or x=
108
18
= 6.
2 8x – 1 + 3x x–7
or (4x – 1) – = i.e., Digit in unit’s place = 6
3 2 2
Multiplying both sides by LCM (2, And digit in ten’s place = 9 – x = 9 – 6
3) = 6, we get = 3.
4(4x – 1) – 3(11x – 1) = 3(x – 7) Now, given number
or 16x – 4 – 33x + 3 = 3x – 21 = 3 × 10 + 6 = 30 + 6
or – 4 + 3 + 21 = 3x – 16x + 33x = 36.
or 20 = 20x Thus, the required number is 36.
OR ∴ Salary after the increase
Let the numerator of the original
rational number be x. Then denominator =`x+`
x
10
= ` x+ (x
10 )
will be x + 6.
11x
x =`
So, the original rational number = . 10
x+6
This is given to ` 84500.
Numerator of new rational number
11x
= x + 9. ∴ = 84500
10
And its denominator
11x 10 10
= (x + 6) – 3 = x + 3. or × = 84500 ×
10 11 11
So, the new rational number
10
(Multiplying both sides by )
x+9 11
= .
x+3
845000
or x= = 76818.18
5 11
This is given to be .
2 So, Vedant’s salary before the increase
x+9 5 was ` 76818.18.
∴ =
x+3 2
3m + 4 2
Cross-multiplying, we get 5. =
6 – 6m 3
5x + 15 = 2x + 18 Cross-multiplying, we get
Transposing 2x to LHS and 15 to RHS, 9m + 12 = 12 – 12m
we get
or 9m + 12m = 12 – 12 or 21m = 0
5x – 2x = 18 – 15
0
or 3x = 3 or m= =0
21
3 i.e., m = 0.
or x= =1
3
∴ x + 6= 1 + 6 = 7 b 2 – (b – 1)(b + 2) 1
6. (i) =
3 5
1
Therefore, the rational number is .
7 b 2 – (b 2 + 2b – b – 2) 1
or =
4. Let Vedant’s salary before the increase 3 5
= ` x.
b 2 – (b 2 + b – 2) 1
∴ Increase in the salary = 10% of x or =
3 5
10 b2 – b2 – b + 2 1
= ×x or =
100 3 5
x –b + 2 1
=` . or =
10 3 5
Cross-multiplying, we get (7y – 2)(4 + 5y) = (3 + 7y)(5y – 1)
or 28y + 35y2 – 8 – 10y
3 = – 5b + 10 or 5b = 10 – 3
= 15y – 3 + 35y2 – 7y
7 or 18y + 35y2 – 8 = 8y + 35y2 – 3
or 5b = 7 or b= .
5
or 18y + 35y2 – 8y – 35y2 = – 3 + 8
7y – 2 3 + 7y 5
(ii) = or 10y = 5 or y=
5y – 1 4 + 5y 10
1
Cross-multiplying, we get or y = .
2
❏❏
Chapter
3 UNDERSTANDING QUADRILATERALS
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 15 8. (C) The diagonals of a rhombus
(or a square) bisect each other at 90°.
1. (A) As we know that the sum of angles
9. (C) ∵ AB yDC and
of a polygon = (n – 2) × 180°,
AC is a transversal.
n = number of sides. ∴ ∠DCA = ∠BAC
So, the sum of the angles of a ⇒ ∠2 = 40°.
quadrilateral = (4 – 2) × 180° [∵ n = 4] In ∆ODC,
= 2 × 180° = 360°. ∠OCD + ∠ODC + ∠COD = 180°
2. (D) By the definition, a concave
polygon has any angle greater than
180° (i.e., reflex angle).
3. (C) A quadrilateral has 4 sides, 4 angles
(or vertices) and 2 diagonals.
4. (C) Sum of all exterior angles of a
polygon = 360°. It is constant.
5. (D) Sum of all interior angles of a
polygon = (n – 2) × 180°. ⇒ 40° + ∠1 + 90° = 180°
(From figure, ∠COD = 90°)
(It is a formula)
⇒ ∠1 = 180° – 130° = 50°.
6. (A) As we know that each exterior 10. (A) ∵ Sum of two adjacent angles of a
360° parallelogram = 180°
angle of a polygon = ,
n ⇒ 3x + 2x = 180°
n = number of sides. (∵ Given ratio = 3 : 2)
⇒ 5x = 180°
360°
⇒ n=
Measure of each exterior angle 180°
∴ x= = 36°
By putting one by one obtains we find 5
that with angle measure 12°, number ∴ Required angle = 3 × 36° = 108°.
of sides is in whole number otherwise
it is in decimals which is not possible. 11. (B) Diagonals of a rhombus intersect
each other at right angle, i.e., 90°.
∴ A regular polygon is possible with
each exterior angle of 12°. 12. (B) Consider
7. (B) Sum of exterior angles = 360° ∠QPS + ∠RSP = 120° + 60° = 180°
⇒ x + 125° + 115° = 360° ∴ PQ y SR.

∴ x = 360° – 240° = 120°. 13. (D) Diagonals of a rectangle are equal
to each other.
14. (A) A rectangle is a kind of a
parallelogram.
15. (A) A rhombus has all sides of equal
length.
16. (A) A rectangle has four sides and four
right angles so it is a convex Now, in quadrilateral ABCD,
quadrilateral.
∠ABC + ∠BCD + ∠CDA + ∠DA
17. (B) As we know that diagonals of a = 360°
square are equal and bisect each other
(Angle sum property)
at right angle.
⇒ 40° + x + 90°+ 100° = 360°
So, from figure
⇒ x = 360° – 230°
HJ = IK or HO = IO
∴ x = 130°.
⇒ 3x + 5 = 2x + 7 (ii) Using angle sum property in a
⇒ 3x – 2x = 7 – 5 quadrilateral,
∴ x = 2. 50° + 120° + 110° + x = 360°
18. (D) Number of side of a polygon ⇒ x = 360° – 280°
∴ x = 80°.
360° 4. Let ABCD be a parallelogram in which
=
Measure of an exterior angle ∠A = 130°.
∴Two adjacent angles of a parallelog-
360° ram are supplementary.
= = 30.
12°
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 16
1. (i) Concave polygon
(ii) Concave polygon ∴ ∠A + ∠B = 180°
(iii) Concave polygon ⇒ 130° + ∠B = 180°
(iv) Convex polygon. ⇒ ∠B = 180° – 130° = 50°
Note: A convex polygon has the whole Also, we know that opposite angles of
parts of each diagonal in its interior a parallelogram are equal.
region. ⇒ ∠A = ∠C and ∠B = ∠D
2. (i) Octagon ∴ ∠C = 130° and ∠D = 50°
Thus, other angles of the parallelo-
(ii) Decagon
gram are 50°, 130° and 50°.
3. (i) From figure,
5. Let one angle of the parallelogram be x.
∠EDC + ∠ADC = 180° (Linear pair) According to question,
90° + ∠ADC = 180° Two adjacent angles are equal so ano-
∴ ∠ADC = 180° – 90° = 90°…(i) ther angle also be x.
U N D E R S T A N D I N G Q U A D R I L A T E R A L S 37
Since, the sum of two adjacent angles 9. Let the length of a rectangle = 5x
are supplementary. and breadth = 4x.
∴ x + x = 180° Given perimeter = 90 cm.
⇒ 2x = 180º We know that perimeter of the
180° rectangle = 2(l + b)
∴ x= = 90°
2 ⇒ 2 (5x + 4x) = 90
As we know that a parallelogram ⇒ 2 × 9x = 90
whose each angle is of measure 90° is
90
a rectangle. ⇒ x= =5
18
6. As we know that a quadrilateral whose l = 5x = 5 × 5 = 25 cm
all sides are equal is called rhombus. b = 4x = 4 × 5 = 20 cm.
But the quadrilateral has one of the 10. Suppose two adjacent angles of a
angle is 90° so adjacent angle of the parallelogram are 5x and 4x respecti-
rhombus is also 90°. vely.
Thus, the quadrilateral is a square. In Since adjacent angles are supplem-
other words, a rhombus with one of entary.
the angle of 90° is called a square. 5x + 4x = 180°
7. The given three angles of a quadrilate- 9x = 180°
ral are 45°, 75° and 105°. 180°
∴ x= = 20°
Let fourth angle be x. 9
∴ 5x = 5 × 20 = 100° and
Using Angle sum property,
4x = 4 × 20° = 80°
45° + 75° + 105° + x = 360°
Thus, the four angles of the
⇒ x = 360° – 225° parallelogram are 100°, 80°, 100° and
= 135°. 80°.
8. Let ABCD be a rhombus in which 11. Let one adjacent angle of an angle of
AC = 6 cm and BD = 8 cm. measure 120° be x in the given parall-
elogram.
AC 6
AO = = = 3 cm So x + 120° = 180°
2 2
BD 8 [∴ Two adjacent angles
BO = = = 4 cm
2 2
are supplementary]
In right triangle AOB,
AB2 = AO2 + OB2 ⇒ x = 180° – 120° = 60°
= 32 + 42 = 9 + 16 Also opposite angles of these angles
∴ AB = 25 = 5 cm are 120° and 60°.
Thus, required side of the rhombus is Thus remaining angles are 60°, 120°
5 cm. and 60°.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 17 ⇒ x + x + x + 93° = 360°
⇒ 3x = 360° – 93°
1. (i) Convex quadrilateral
267°
(ii) Convex quadrilateral. ∴ x= = 89°
3
(iii) Concave quadrilateral.
So, the three equal angles are 89°,
[A convex quadrilateral has all angles 89°and 89°.
less than 180° but a concave 7. Suppose the common factor be x. So
quadrilateral has any angle more than remaining three angles are 2x, 3x and
180°.] 7x.
2. (i) Pentagon (ii) Heptagon Mean of these angles = 64°
3. No, because sum of the four angles 2x + 3x + 7 x
⇒ = 64°
= 95° + 98° + 98° + 39° 3
= 330° ≠ 360°. 12 x
⇒ = 64°
4. Let, fourth angle of the quadrilateral 3
be x. 64° × 3
∴ x= = 16°
12
Three given angles are 45°, 75° and
Therefore, the three angles are
105°.
2 × 16°, 3 × 16° and 7 × 16°
Using Angle sum property, we have i.e., 32°, 48° and 112°
45° + 75° + 105° + x = 360° So, fourth angle
⇒ 225° + x = 360° = 360° – sum of three angles
∴ x = 360° – 225° = 135°. = 360°– (32° + 48° + 112°)
5. Let the common factor of the angles = 360° – 192° = 168°.
be x. So, the four angles of the Thus, required angles are 32°, 48°, 112°
quadrilateral are 3x, 5x, 7x and 9x. and 168°.
8. (i) From figure,
3x + 5x + 7x + 9x = 360°
∠1 + 80° = 180° (Linear pair)
⇒ 24x = 360°
∴ ∠1 = 180° – 80°
360° = 100°
∴ x= = 15°
24 and ∠2 + 50° = 180° (Linear pair)
Thus, four angles are: ∠2 = 180° – 50°
3 × 15°, 5 × 15°, 7 × 15°and 9 × 15° = 130°
i.e., 45°, 75°, 105° and 135°.
6. Let each equal angle of the quadrilate-
ral be x.
Measure of one given-angle = 93°
We know that sum of the angl es We know that sum of interior angles
= 360° of a pentagon = (5 – 2) × 180°
⇒ ∠1 + ∠2 + x + 40° + x = 3 × 180° 10.
⇒ 100° + 130° + 40° + 2x = 540°
⇒ 2x = 540°– 270°
270°
⇒ x= = 135°.
2
(ii) Each interior angle of a regular Convex polygon Concave polygon
(6 – 2) × 180° WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 18
hexagon =
6
1. As the sum of the angles of a
4 × 180° quadrilateral = 360°.
∴ x = = 120°.
6
So, 110° + 72° + 35° + x = 360°
(iii) Sum of all exterior angles of a ⇒ 217° + x = 360°
polygon = 360°
∴ x = 360° – 217°
⇒ 130° + 130° + x = 360°
= 143°.
∴ x = 360° – 260°
2. Let the measure of the fourth angle
= 100°.
be x.
9. Using linear pair axiom,
Three acute angles are given as 70°
x + 70° =180° each.
∴ x = 180° – 70° = 110° So, x + 70° + 70° + 70° = 360°
(Using Angle sum property)
⇒ x + 210° = 360°
∴ x = 360° – 210°
= 150°.
and z + 60° = 180° 3. Let each equal angle of the quadrilate-
∴ z = 180° – 60° = 120° ral be x.
Using Exterior angle property in a So, x + x + x + x = 360°
triangle, ⇒ 4x = 360°
y = 60° + 70° 360°
∴ x = = 90°.
= 130° 4
4. Let each of the three equal angle be x.
Thus, x + y + z = 110° + 130° + 120°
Fourth Angle = 120° (Given)
= 360°.
Using Angle sum property, we have
Alternative Method:
We know that sum of all exterior x + x + x + 120° = 360°
angles in a polygon is 360°. ⇒ 3x = 360° – 120°= 240°
So, x + y + z = 360° 240°
∴ x= = 80°.
[From given figure] 3
5. Let the common factor of the angles 9. Let common factor of adjacent angles
be x. So the four angles are 4x, 3x, 5x be x. So the two angles are 2x and 3x.
and 6x. As we know that adjacent angles of a
Using Angle sum property, parallelogram are supplementary.
4x + 3x + 5x + 6x = 360° So, 2x + 3x = 180°
⇒ 18x = 360° ⇒ 5x = 180°
360° 180°
∴ x= = 20°. ∴ x= = 36°
18 5
Therefore, four angles are: ⇒ 2x = 2 × 36° = 72°
4 × 20°, 3 × 20°, 5 × 20° and 6 × 20° and 3x = 3 × 36° = 108°
i.e., 80°, 60°, 100°, and 120°. Thus, four angles are 72°, 108°, 72° and
6. Each interior angle of a regular hexagon 108°.
( 6 – 2 ) × 180° 10. In a parallelogram, one given angle =
=
6 20°. Let one adjacent angle of the given
4 × 180° angle be x.
= = 120°
6 As the two adjacent angles are
∴ All the angles are 120°, 120°, 120°, supplementary.
120°, 120° and 120°. So, x + 20° = 180°
7. (i) Since sum of all exterior angles of ⇒ x = 180° – 20°
a polygon = 360° = 160°
∴ 125° + 125° + x = 360° Thus, required angles are 20°, 160°, 20°
⇒ 250° + x = 360° and 160°.
⇒ x = 360° – 250° 11. Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram
are 10 cm and 12 cm.
= 110°.
As the perimeter of a parallelogram
(ii) As the sum of all exterior angles
= 2 × (sum of two adjacent sides)
of a quadrilateral = 360°
= 2 × (10 cm + 12 cm)
⇒ 110° + x + 90° + 40° = 360°
= 2 × 22 cm = 44 cm.
⇒ 240° + x = 360° 12. Given: Shorter side of a parallelogram
∴ x = 360°– 240° = 10 cm
= 120°. According to question, longer side
8. Let each equal adjacent angle be x. = 2 × shorter side
As the sum of two adjacent angles of = 2 × 10 cm
a parallelogram = 180° = 20 cm.
So, x + x = 180° So the perimeter of the
parallelogram = 2 × (sum of two adjac-
⇒ 2x = 180°
ent sides)
180°
∴ x = = 90°. = 2 × (10 cm + 20 cm)
2
= 2 × 30 cm = 60 cm.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 19 Also, y =z (Alternate interior
angles are equal; AD || BC)
1. (i) ∠A + ∠B = 180° ∴ z = 70°.
(Since two adjacent angles are 2. Suppose the two adjacent angles of a
supplementary). parallelogram are x and 2x. As the
⇒ 60° + x = 180° adjacent angles are supplementary.
(∵ ∠A = 60° (given)) So, x + 2x = 180°
∴ x = 180° – 60° = 120°. ⇒ 3x = 180°
Also, ∠A = ∠C and ∠B = ∠D 180°
x= = 60°
[In a parallelogram, opposite angles are 3
equal) ∴ 2x = 2 × 60 = 120°
∴ y = 60° and z = 120°. Then, four angles are 60°, 120°, 60°
(ii) ∠A + ∠D = 180° and 120°.
(∵ Two adjacent angles 3. Suppose ABCD is a rectangle with AB
are supplementary) = 6 cm and BC = 4 cm.
⇒ x + 50° = 180° (Given ∠D = 50°) We have to find diagonal AC.
⇒ x = 180° – 50° = 130°. In right triangle ABC.
∠A = ∠C (Opposite angles Using Pythagoras theorem,.
are equal)
∴ y = 130°
and z =x (Corresponding
angles are equal)
∴ z = 130°.
(iii) ∠B = ∠D (Opposite angles AC2 = AB2 + BC2
are equal) = 62 + 4 2
∴ y = 102°. = 36 + 16 = 52
In ∆ACD, ∴ AC = 52 = 2 13 cm.
∠ACD + ∠CDA + ∠DAC = 108°
4. Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram
(Using angle sum property)
are given as 12 cm and 7 cm.
⇒ x + 102° + 40° = 180°
Perimeter of a parallelogram
x = 180° – 142°
= 38°. = 2 × (sum of two adjacent
(iv) ∠A +∠B = 180° sides)
(Adjacent angles are supplementary) = 2 × (12 cm + 7 cm)
⇒ x + 70° = 180°(Given ∠B = 70°) = 2 × 19 cm = 38 cm.
⇒ x = 180° – 70°
5. In figure, PQRS is
= 110°. a rectangle with
Since opposite angles of a parallelog- sides PQ = 10 cm
ram are equal. and QR = 8 cm.
So, ∠B = ∠ D ⇒ y = 70°. Diagonal PR = ?
In right ∆PQR,
360°
PR2 = PQ2 + QR2 ∴ n = = 24.
15
(By Pythagoras theorem) 9. Each interior angle of a regular
= (10)2 + (8)2
= 100 + 64 (6 – 2) × 180°
hexagon =
∴ PR = 164 = 2 41 cm. 6
6. Let the number of sides of a regular
polygon be n.  Using (n – 2) × 180° 
 n 
Given: Each exterior angle = 24°
But we know each exterior angle of a
4 × 180°
360° = = 120°
regular polygon = 6
Number of sides
Using Linear pair axiom at vertex A,
360°
So, 24° = ∠BAP + ∠BAF = 180°
n
⇒ 24° × n = 360° ⇒ x + 120° = 180°
360° ⇒ x = 180° – 120° = 60°.

∴ n= = 15.
24° Similarly, y = z = p = q = r = 60°
7. Let each of the three equal angles be x. So, x + y + z + p + q + r=
Given: One angle of the quadrilateral 60° + 60°+ 60° + 60° + 60° + 60°
= 72°.
= 360°.
Alternative Method:
x + x + x + 72° = 360°
⇒ 3x + 72° = 360° We know that the sum of exterior
⇒ 3x = 360° – 72° = 288° angles of a polygon = 360°.
288° Here, x, y, z, p, q and r are the exterior
⇒ x = = 96°.
3 angles of a regular hexagon.
8. Let the number of sides of a regular
So, x + y + z + p + q + r = 360°.
polygon be n.
Given: Each interior angle = 165°. WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 20
But each interior angle of a regular
1. Given: one angle of a parallelogram is
(n – 2) × 180°
polygon with n sides = 100°.
n
Let one of the adjacent angles to the
(n – 2) × 180° given angle be x.
⇒ 165° =
n ∴ x + 100° = 180°
⇒ 165° × n = (n – 2) × 180° (∵ Two adjacent angles
are supplementary).
⇒ 165° × n = n × 180° – 360°
⇒ x = 180° – 100°
⇒ 360° = n × 180° – n × 165°
= 80°
⇒ n × (180° – 165°) = 360° ∴ Other three angles are 80°, 100° and
⇒ n × 15° = 360° 80°.
2. Given: Perimeter of a parallelogram 4. In ||gm ABCD,
= 80 cm
∠A = 50°.
Let shorter side of the parallelogram
be x. We know that the
So longer side of it is x + 20. sum of two adjacent
Now, perimeter = 2 × (sum of two angles is 180°.
adjacent sides) So, ∠A + ∠B = 180°
⇒ 80 = 2 × (x + x + 20)
⇒ 80 = 2 × (2x + 20) ⇒ 50° + ∠B = 180°
⇒ 80 = 4x + 40 ⇒ ∠B = 180° – 50°
⇒ 80 – 40 = 4x
⇒ 4x = 40 ∴ ∠B = 130°
40 Also, ∠A = ∠Cand ∠B = ∠D
∴ x = = 10
4 (∵ Opposite angles are equal)
∴ x + 20 = 10 + 20 = 30
Thus, the adjacent sides of the ∴ ∠C = 50° and ∠D = 130°.
parallelogram are 10 m and 30 m. 5. In figure, ABCD is a rhombus with
3. (i) Sum of all the four angles of a diagonals AC = 12 cm and CD = 16 cm.
quadrilateral = 360°
∴ 60° + 140° + 70° + x = 360°
⇒ 270° + x = 360°
∴ x = 360° – 270°
= 90°.
(ii) Using Angle sum property, We know that diagonals of a rhombus
x + 90° + 90° + 50° = 360° bisect each other at 90°.
⇒ x + 230° = 360°
AC
∴ x = 360° – 230° ∴ AO = OC = = 6 cm
2
= 130°.
(iii) Using Angle sum property, BD
and BO = OD = = 8 cm.
3
90° + 100° + 140° + x = 360°
Now, in right-angled ∆AOB,
⇒ 330° + x = 360°
AB2 = AO2 + OB2
x = 360° – 330°
(Using Pythagoras theorem)
= 30°.
= 6 2 + 82
(iv) Using Angle sum property,
= 36 + 64
⇒ 45° + 110° + x + 60° = 360°
∴ AB = 100 = 10 cm.
⇒ 215° + x = 360°
⇒ x = 360° – 215° Thus, required side of the rhombus is
10 cm.
∴ x = 145°.
6. In trapezium ABCD, AB y DC and
∠A = ∠B = 40°.
Since AB y DC and AD is a transversal. So, 2x = 18 or 3y – 1 = 32

So ∠A + ∠D = 180° 18
⇒ x= or 3y = 32 + 1
2
(Co-interior angles are supplementary)
33
⇒ 40° + ∠D = 180° ⇒ x =9 or y== 11.
3
⇒ ∠D = 180° – 40° (ii) In the given figure, ABCD is y gm.
∴ ∠D = 140° AD y BC and DE is a transversal.
Similarly, ∠C = 180° – ∠B = 140°.
7. As given two diagonals of a rectangle
are 3x + 2 and 2x + 3
But we know that diagonals of a
rectangle are equal to each other.
So, 3x + 2 = 2x + 3
⇒ 3x – 2x = 3 – 2 ∴ ∠ADC = ∠BCE
⇒ 30° + z = 80°
∴ x= 1
∴ z = 80° – 30° = 50°
Now, putting the value of x in given
Again, ∠ADB = ∠CBD
expressions, we get each diagonal
⇒ 30° = y
=3 × 1 + 2 Further, ∠ADC + ∠DAB = 180°
or 2×1+3 (Sum of adjacent angles)
= 5 cm. ⇒ 80° + x = 180°
8. (i) As we know that opposite sides of ⇒ x = 180° – 80° = 100°
parallelogram are equal. Thus, x = 100°, y = 30° and z = 50°.
❏❏
Chapter
4 PRACTICAL GEOMETRY
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 21 10. (D) To construct a unique parallelog-
ram, we need two more parts out of a
1. (C) A quadrilateral has 4 sides, 4 angles adjacent side, a diagonal and an angle
and 2 diagonals in which any 5 parts or only two diagonals.
we need to construct it uniquely.
11. (D) For constructing a quadrilateral, if
2. (A) If the measures of four sides and we first draw a triangle using available
one of the diagonals are given to data then we try to determine fourth
construct a quadrilateral then we firstly vertex.
draw a triangle containing the given
12. (C)
diagonal of it.
13. (C) Two diagonals are sufficient to
3. (B) According to given procedure in
construct a rhombus because the diag-
question, we required to complete a
onals are perpendicular bisector of each
∆ABC so the next step is to mark for
other.
AC.
14. (C) Diagonals of a rhombus bisect each
4. (C) Measures of PR and ∠S can’t help
other perpendicularly.
in the construction of quadrilateral
PQRS. 15. (D) MO, OR, RE, EM
5. (D) According to given measures and

steps, when we draw firstly OR and
∠R then next step would be to draw
∠O.
6. (D) Only square can be constructed 16. (C) Length of the side of a rhombus
using a side because its all sides are 1
equal and each angle be 90° are known. = d 2 + d2 2
2 1
7. (B) To construct a rectangle, angles are
1 2 1
already known so we need either two = 3 + 42 = 9 + 16
2 2
adjacent sides or one side and one
diagonal. In the case diagonal is not 1 1
given so we choose one adjacent side = 25 = × 5 = 2.5 cm.
2 2
among the given choices.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 22
8. (C) After drawing a side AB and an arc
with radius AD and centre as A we 1. Steps of construction:
would draw a diagonal BD to determine
another vertex D. 1. Draw a line segment EA = 6 cm
9. (C) To construct a quadrilateral we need 2. Using ruler and compass, draw an

total 5 parts out of 10. Here two angle of 75° at E and another angle
diagonals are given so we need 3 sides. of 90° at A.
3. Taking the radius of 5 cm and centre 3. Steps of construction:
as E, mark the point D at other arm 1. Draw a line segment PQ = 4 cm.
of ∠E. 2. Using protractor, make an angle of
4. Similarly, taking radius of 5.5 cm and measure 100° at the end P and
centre as A. Mark the point R at other another angle of measure 80° at Q.
arm of ∠A. 3. Taking radius of 5 cm and centre as
Q, draw an arc to mark the point R at
other arm of ∠Q,
4. Further, make an angle of measure
100° at R. Thus, we observe that
another arms of ∠P and ∠R meet
each other at a point say S.
5. Now, join DR.

Thus, the required quadrilateral
DEAR is formed.
2. Hence, the required quadrilateral
PQRS is obtained.
4. Steps of construction:-
1. Draw line segment ∠A = 8.5 cm.
2. At the end A, make an angle of 45°
using ruler and compass then draw
ray AX.
3. Further, make an angle of 160° at L
with the help of protractor and draw
a ray LY.
4. Taking radius of 4 cm and centre as
L draw an arc to mark the point P on
ray LY.
5. Now, make an angle of 85° at P with
the help of protractor and draw a ray
P R A C T I C A L G E O M E T R Y 47
PZ which intersects the ray AX at a 6 cm and 4.5 cm and centres as U
point say N. and P respectively. These arcs cut
Thus, the required quadrilateral each other at a point say S.
PLAN is formed. 5. Now, join PS and VS.
5. Steps of construction: Thus, PLUS is the required rectangle
1. Draw a line segment of measure is so obtained.
6 cm. Name it as PL.
2. Using ruler and compass, make an
angle of 90° ( because each angle of a
rectangle is right angle) at the end L
and draw a ray LX.
3. Taking radius of 4.5 cm and centre as
L, cut the line segment of measure
4.5 cm (say LU) from ray LX.
4. Further, draw the two arcs of radii
6. ruler and compass and draw ray LR.
3. Taking radius of 5.5 cm and centre as
L, draw an arc to mark the point M
at ray LR.
4. Further, draw two arcs of radii 5.5
cm and 8 cm with centres as K and
M respectively. Then cut each other
at N.
Thus, PQRS is the required rhombus.

7.
5. Join KN and MN.

Thus, the required rectangle KLMN
is so formed.
2. Steps of construction:
Thus, ABCD is the required 1. Take a line segment MN = 5.5 cm
parallelogram. and then make an angle of 55° at M
using protractor.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 23 2. Taking radius of 5.5 cm and centre as
M, draw an arc which cuts the other
1. Steps of construction: arm MR of ∠M at P.
1. Draw a line segment of length 8 cm 3. Further, draw two arcs of the same
and name it KL. radii as 5.5 cm with the centres as N
2. As we know that a rectangle has all and P. Thus, they cut each other at O.
four angles of measure 90°.
4. Now join the intersecting point O to
So, we make a right angle at L using P and N.
Thus, the rhombus MNOP is so
formed.
1. Draw a line segment of length 6.5 cm
and name it as PQ.
2. Since each angle of a square has of
measure 90°. So we draw a right
angle at Q using ruler and compass.
3. Taking the radius of 6.5 cm and centre
as Q, draw an arc to mark the point
R at ray QY.
4. Draw two arcs taking the same radii
6.5 cm and centres as P and R
respectively. They cut each other at a
point say S.
5. Now join PS and RS. Thus, the required square PQRS is so
obtained.
4. The length of diagonal BD = 10.1 cm.
5. 6. Steps of construction:
1. Draw AB = 7.5 cm.
angle of 60° at A and draw another
arm ray AX.
A draw an arc to cut the segment AD
= 3 cm from ray AX.
4. Further, taking radii as 3 cm and
7.5 cm with centres as B and D
respectively, draw two arcs that cut
each other at C.
5. Join BC and DC to obtain the required
parallelogram ABCD.
7. WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 24
1. Draw a line segment AB = 6 cm.
2. We know that all angles of a rectangle
has of measure 90°. So, we make right
angles at B as well as at A using
ruler and compass. Then draw rays
BX and AY.
3. Also we know that a rectangle has
equal diagonals. So, we take equal
radii as 7 cm and centres as A as well
as B to mark the point C and D on
the rays BX and AY respectively.
3. Taking the same radius of 5 cm but
centres as D again draw two arcs on
either side of BD. Thus, they cut the
previous arcs at A and C respectively.
4. Now, join AB, AD, CB and CD.
Hence, the required rhombus ABCD
is so obtained.
4. Now, join CD to get the required

rectangle ABCD.
1. Draw a line segment HO = 3 cm.
angle of 60° at H and draw a ray HX.
3. Taking a radius of 3 cm and centre as
H, cut the segment HS = 3 cm.
4. Further, draw two arcs of the same
radii 3 cm with centres as O and S.
Thus, they cut each other at T.
1. Draw a line segment of length 7 cm
and say it diagonal AC.
2. Draw perpendicular bisector (say PQ)
5. Now, join ST and OT.
of the segment AC. Let it intersect at O.
Thus, the required rhombus HOTS is
3. As we know that diagonals of a
so obtained
rhombus bisect each other at 90°. So
we take the radius as half of other
1. Draw a line segment (diagonal) BD diagonal (i.e., 3 cm) and centre as O
= 6 cm.
then mark the points B and D at PQ
2. Taking a radius of 5 cm and centre as on either side of AC.
B, draw two arcs on either side of
BD. 4. Now, join BA, BC and DA, DC.
Thus, we obtain the required 6. Consider ∠P + ∠Q + ∠R = 105° + 120°
rhombus ABCD. + 135°
= 360°.
As we know that sum of all the four
angles of a quadrilateral is equal to 360°.
But in this case, the sum of only three
angles is equal to 360°. So the
construction of PQRS is not possible.
7.
5.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 25
1. Draw a line segment QR = 6 cm.
angle of 90° at R and draw a ray RY.
3. Also, using ruler and compass, make
an angle of 105° at Q and draw a ray
QX.
4. Further, take a radius of 3.5 cm and
centre as Q then mark P on the ray
QX.
5. Now, using ruler and compass, make
an angle of 75° at P and draw a ray
PZ.
6. Thus, the two rays RY and PS cut D, draw an arc to mark the point G
each other at S. on DX.
Hence, the required quadrilateral 4. Further, taking the same radii of
PQRS is so obtained. 7 cm with centres as G as well as E,
2. Steps of construction: draw two arcs that cut each other at
a point F.
1. Draw a line segment DE = 7 cm.
5. Now, join the segments FG and FE.
angle of 45° at D and draw a ray DX. Thus, the required rhombus DEFG is
so formed.
3. Taking a radius of 7 cm and centre as
3. Steps of construction: ON as well as OL from XY on either

1. Draw a line segment of length 7 cm, side of KM.
name it as KM. [Note: Diagonals of a square are
bisect each other at 90°.]
2. Draw perpendicular bisector of the
segment KM and name it as XY. 4. Now, join LK, LM and NK, NM.
3. Further, taking half of KM (i.e., KO = Thus, the required squared KLMN is
OM) as radius and centre as O, cut so formed.
and name it as DU.
2. Using protractor make an angle of
80° at the point D and draw a ray
DX.
D, draw an arc that cut the ray DX at
K.
4. Further, take two radii as 6.5 cm and
5 cm and centres as K and U, then
draw two arcs that cut each other at C.
5. Now, join CK and CU.
Thus, the required parallelogram
DUCK is so formed.
5. The measurement of PS = 4.6 cm.
6.
7. 5. Further, taking the same radii of

5.2 cm with centres as A and C, draw
two arcs on other side of AC. Thus,
they cut at point D.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 26
1. Yes, since AB + BC > AC
and CD + AD > AC.
Steps of construction:
1. Draw a line segment AC = 8 cm.
A draw an arc on one side of AC. 6. Now, join DA and DC.
3. Taking radius of 6 cm and centre as Hence, quadrilateral ABCD is so
C draw another arc on the same side formed.
of AC in which previous arc is drawn.
Thus, they cut each other at B. 2. Steps of construction:
4. Join B to A and C. Thus, a triangle 1. Draw a line segment AB = 6 cm

ABC is formed. 2. At the ends A and B, make angles of
measures 90° and 60° respectively
using ruler and compass. Also draw
the rays AX and BY.
B, draw an arc to mark C on ray BY.
4. Further, using protractor, make an
angle of measure 140° at C and draw
a ray CZ.
5. Thus, the two rays AX and CZ cut
each other at a point D.
and name it as PR.
Hence, the required quadrilateral

ABCD is so formed.
1. Draw a line segment GO = 5 cm.
2. Using ruler and compass, make and
angle of 90° at G and draw a ray GX.
3. Using protractor, make an angle of
80° at O and draw a ray OY.
4. Further, taking radius of 6 cm and
centre as O, draw an arc which cut
OY at L.
5. Now, using ruler and compass, make
an angle of 120° at L and draw a ray
LZ that intersect the ray GX at D.
Thus, the required quadrilateral
GOLD is so formed.
2. Draw perpendicular bisector LM of 6.
PR and name the intersecting point
as O.
3. Now take the radius as half of other
3.5
diagonal (i.e., cm) and centre as
2
O and hence cut OS and OQ on LM.
4. Now join QP, QR, SP and SR.
Thus, the required rhombus PQRS is
formed.
5.
7.
❏❏
Chapter
5 DATA HANDLING
WORKSHEET
WORKSHEET–– 27 =3+5=8
1. (A) Class size = Upper class limit Number of all balls = 3 + 4 + 5

– Lower class limit. = 12
2. (A) For the class 10 - 20,
8 2
lower class limit = 10 ∴ Required probability = = .
12 3
and upper class limit = 20. 14. (C) Draw a horizontal
3. (A) Class size = Upper class limit line. The spinner is
– Lower class limit divided into 8 equal
= 10 – 5 = 5. parts.
There are 5 parts in the
4. (C) Upper limit = 60
unshaded portion.
and lower limit = 40.
5. (C) The lowest frequency is 1 which 5
∴ Required probability = .
corresponds to the class 20 - 30. 8
6. (B) The height of a bar in a histogram 15. (C) Numbers less than or equal to 5 are:
shows the corresponding frequency. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
7. (D) There is no gap between any two 5
consecutive bars in a histogram. Required probability =
10
8. (D) The bar corresponding to 2008 - 09 1
is the highest. So the number of students = .
2
is maximum in 2008 - 09.
360° WORKSHEE
WORKSHEET T – 28
9. (B) Central angle = × 15 = 54°.
100 1. (i) Let us draw pictograph.
4
10. (C) Required per cent = × 100%
20
= 20%.
1
11. (C)Probability = .
2
12. (C)Favourable outcomes: (1, 4), (2, 3),
(3, 2), (4, 1).
Number of all possible outcomes = 36
4 1
∴ Probability = = .
36 9
13. (A) Number of non-black balls Fig.: Pictograph
D A T A H A N D L I N G 59
(ii) Let us draw bar graph.
Fig.:bar graph
(iii) Let us draw bar graph.
(iv)
2 . Frequency Table:
55 |||| | 6
Hobbies of Tally No. of 60 ||| 3
Students Marks Students
Total 30
Art |||| 4
Book reading ||| 3
4.
Dance |||| 5
Instrumental music || 2
Music |||| ||| 8
Total 22
3. Frequency Table:
Weight No. of
(in kg) Tally Marks Students
50 || 2
51 |||| 5
52 |||| || 7
53 ||| 3
54 |||| 4
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 29 (ii)
Marks Obtained Tally Marks Frequency
1.
28 || 2
30 |||| 4
34 | 1
35 || 2
55 || 2
56 ||| 3
60 ||| 3
61 ||| 3
Total 20
4. (i) Since pink has the largest central

angle, so it is the favourite colour.
(ii) Lemon and blue were equally liked
by the family, as they have equal
central angles.
(iii) Since green has the smallest central
2. angle, so it is liked the least.
5. (i)
Expenditure Modes Expenditure ( in %)

House rent 20
Household items 30
Daughter’s fees 10
Savings 25
Petrol 15
(ii)
Expendi- Expenditure Central
ture In Angle
Modes (in %) fraction
20 1 1
House rent 20 = × 360°
100 5 5
= 72°
3. (i) Lowest observation = 28 marks Household 30 3 3
items 30 = × 360°
Highest observation = 61 marks. 100 10 10
= 108° Percentage chance of occurrence of head
Daughter’s 6
10 1 1 (H) = × 100% = 60%
fees 10 = × 360° 10
100 10 10
= 36° Percentage chance of occurrence of tail
25 1 1 4
Savings 25 = × 360° (T) = × 100% = 40%
100 4 4 10
= 90°
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 30
15 3 3
Petrol 15 = × 360°
100 20 20 1. (i) Required probability
= 54° = P(5 on 1st die and 6 on 2nd die)
+ P(6 on 1st die and 5 on 2nd die).
1 1 1 1
= × + ×
8 8 8 8
1 1 2 1
= + = = .
64 64 64 32
(ii) Let E represents the event that sum
Fig.: Pie-chart of two numbers is 10.
6. For the given information, we have to ∴ E = {(2, 8), (3, 7), (4, 6), (5, 5),
draw a double bar graph. (6, 4), (7, 3), (8, 2)}
∴ n(E) = 7. n(S) = 8 × 8 = 64
n(E) 7
∴ P(E) = n(S) = .
64
(iii) P(both the numbers are even)
= P(an even number on 1st
die) × P(an even number
on 2nd die)
4 4 1 1 1
= × = × = .
8 8 2 2 4
(iv) Required probability
= P(an odd number on 1st die and
an even number on 2nd die)
+ P(an even number of 1st die and
7. Number of heads (H) = 6; an odd number on 1st die)
Number of tails (T) = 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 1
= × + × = + = .
Total number of outcomes = 10 8 8 8 8 4 4 2
(v) Required probability (ii) Let E2 = Event of showing up three
= P(6 is not on 1st die) tails
× P(6 is not on 2nd die) = {TTT}

∴ n(E2) = 1
7 7 49
= × = .
8 8 64 n(E 2 ) 1
∴ P(E2) = n(S) = .
2. (i) Total number of marbles 8
= 7 + 5 + 3 = 15. (iii) Let E3 = Event of showing same
side all the three times
(ii) (a) P(a red marble)
= {HHH, TTT}
Number of red marbles
= ∴ n(E3) = 2
Total number of marbles
n(E 3 ) 2
7 ∴ P(E3) = n(E ) = .
= . 3 8
15
(iv) Let E4 = Event of tails showing up
(b)P(a blue marble)
2 times and heads once
Number of blue marbles = {HTT, THT, TTH}
=
∴ n(E4) = 3
5 1 n(E 4 )
= = . 3
15 3 ∴ P(E4) = n(S) = .
8
(c)P(a green marble)
(v) Let E5 = Event of heads showing
Number of green marbles up 2 times and tails
= once.
= {HHT, HTH, THH}
3 1
= = . ∴ n(E5) = 3
15 5
n(E 5 ) 3
3. On tossing a coin three times, the ∴ P(E5) = n(S) = .
8
sample space S is given by 4. Percentage of no heads
S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, Number of outcomes having no head
THH, THT, TTH, TTT} =
Total number of outcomes
∴ n(s) = 8. × 100%
(i) Let E1 = Event of showing up three 1 2

= × 100% = 16 %.
heads 6 3
∴ E1 = {HHH} ∴ n(E1) = 1 Percentage of 1 head
Number of outcomes having 1 head
n(E1 ) 1 =
∴ P(E1) = n(S) = . Total number of outcomes
8
× 100%
2 100 1 Ishita’s marks in Science
= × 100% = % = 33 %.
6 3 3 70° 7
Percentage of 2 heads = × 216 = × 216
360° 36
Number of outcomes having 2 heads = 42.
=
Total number of outcomes Ishita’s marks in S.St.
× 100%
90°
2 1 = × 216
= × 100% = 33 % 360°
6 3
1
Percentage of 3 heads = × 216 = 54.
4
Number of outcomes having 3 heads
= 6. Total number of items = 6 + 4 = 10.
(i) Probability of removing a rubber
× 100%
4 2
1 2 = = .
= × 100% = 16 %. 10 5
6 3
(ii) Probability of removing a pencil
No. of Heads Frequency Percentage
2 6 3
0 1 16 % = = .
3 10 5
1
1 2 33 % WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 31
3
1 1. The most common outcome is 4 as its
2 2 33 %
3 frequency is the highest, i.e., 4
2
3 1 16 % 4 1
3 ∴ Probability of 4 = = .
12 3
Total 6 100%
2. Number of H’s = 10
5. Ishita’s marks in English ∴ Chance (Probability) of occurrence
70° 7 10 1
= × 216 = × 216 of H = =
360° 36 20 2
= 7 × 6 = 42.
Number of T’s = 10
Ishita’s marks in Hindi
∴ Chance (Probability) of occurrence
30° 1
= × 216 = × 216 10 1
360° 12
of T = = .
= 18. 20 2
Ishita’s marks in Maths 3. (i) The sale of T.V. was maximum in
100° 5 July.
= × 216 = × 216
360° 18 (ii) The sale of T.V. was minimum in
= 60. March and May.
(iii) 30 T.V. were sold in each of January,
April, June, August, September and
December.
(iv) 45 T.V. were sold in October.
(v) 10 T.V. were sold in March and May
each.
(vi) Required number of T.V.
= Total number of T.V. sold in
January, February and March
= 30 + 20 + 10 = 60.
(vii) Required number of T.V.
= Total number of T.V. sold in 1 unit = 10% on the y-axis
April, May and June
Step III: Draw the bars on the x-axis
= 30 + 10 + 30 = 70. such that any two bars of Maths and
(viii) Required number of T.V. Science touch each other with equal
width for a student. The gap between
= Total number of T.V. sold in any two consecutive pairs of bars
July, August and September should be equal.
= 50 + 30 + 30 = 110. Step IV: The heights of these bars
correspond to the percentage of marks.
(ix) Required number of T.V.
5. In order to draw a histogram, you have
= Total number of T.V. sold in to follow the steps given below:
October, November and Step I: Take a graph paper and draw a
December pair of perpendicular lines OX and OY
= 45 + 20 + 30 = 95. on it. The horizontal line OX is called
x-axis and the vertical axis OY is called
(x) The sale was maximum in the third
y-axis.
quarter and it was minimum in the
first quarter of the year.
4. The appropriate graph of the given data
is a double bar graph.
In order to draw a bar graph, you have
to follow the steps:
No. of students
Step I. Draw a pair of perpendicular

lines say OX and OY on a graph paper.
OX is called x-axis or horizontal axis
and OY is y-axis or vertical axis.
Step II. Write names of students on the
x-axis and percentage of marks on the
y-axis taking an appropriate scale as
Step II: Mark heights of the students (ii) People of 25- 30, 35 - 40 and 40 - 45 age
on the x-axis and number of students groups spent equal number of hours
on the y-axis by taking a scale as at the Gym.
1 unit = 3 cm height on x-axis and (iii) People of 15 - 20 age group spent 1
hour at the Gym.
1 unit = 4 student on y-axis.
3. (i) Required number of members
Step III: Draw the bars on the x-axis
such that the width of each bar is same = 4 + 8 = 12.
and there is no gap between any two (ii) 10 members are in the age group of
consecutive bars. 25 - 30.
Step IV: The heights of these bars are (iii) Age group of 31-36 has the maximum
proportional to the number of students. number of members.
6. 4. Total number of students = 180
Favourite Tally Frequency (i) Number of students liking Basketball
Dish Marks (No. of Children) 60°
= × 180
French fries || 2 360°
Macroni |||| ||| 8 1
= × 180 = 30.
6
Pizza |||| |||| 10
(ii)Number of students liking Badminton
Sandwich |||| 4
120°
Total 24 = × 180
360°
1
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 32 = × 180 = 60.
3
1. Pictograph: Number of students liking Cricket
= ` 100 ← 1 Coin represent ` 100. 100°
= × 180
360°
Expenses Amount
5
= 550 = × 180 = 50.
18
∴ Required number of students
= 1000
= 60 – 50 = 10.
= 600 (iii) Number of students liking Tennis
= 200 80°
= × 180
= 200
360°
s
2
= × 180 = 40.
Fig: Pictograph 9
40
2. (i) People of 30 - 35 age group spent ∴ Required ratio = [Using part (i)]
30
maximum time for working out at
4
the Gym. = = 4 : 3.
3
5. Frequency Distribution Table: number of stores on the y-axis by taking
a scale as.
Score Obtained Tally Marks Frequency
1unit = 2 storeson the y-axis.
1 ||| 3
2 |||| | 6 Step III: Draw the bars on the x-axis by
taking it as base, such that the width of
3 |||| 4
each bar is same and there is no gap
4 |||| 4 between any two consecutive bars.
5 |||| 4
Step IV: The heights of these bars are
6 |||| 4 proportional to the number of stores.
Total 25 7. (i) Range = Maximum wage
6. In order to draw a histogram, you have – Minimum wage
to follow the steps given below: = ` 400 – ` 200 = ` 200.
Step I: Take a graph paper and draw a (ii) 3 workers are getting ` 350 each.
pair of perpendicular lines OX and OY
on it. The horizontal line OX is called (iii) 5 workers are getting minimum
x-axis and the vertical axis OY is called wages of ` 200 each.
y-axis. (iv) The highest amount of wages earned
Step II: Mark daily earnings (in ` ) of by workers is ` 400 each.
given drug stores on the x-axis and (v) 5 workers get ` 200 each as weekly
wages.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 33
1. (i)
Mark Tally Marks No.of Students

30 - 40 | 1
40 - 50 ||| 3
50 - 60 |||| 4
60 - 70 |||| || 7
70 - 80 |||| 5
80 - 90 |||| 5
90 - 100 |||| 4
100 - 110 | 1
Total 30
(ii) 100 marks is the highest score

(iii) 34 marks is the lowest score.
(iv) Range = 100 – 34 = 66 marks. Class-mark of class 15 -20
(v) Number of failures 15 + 20
= Sum of number of students = = 17.5
2
having less than 40 marks
Class-mark of class 20-25
= 1. 20 + 25
(vi) Number of students having 75 or = = 22.5
2
more marks = 3 + 5 + 4 + 1 = 13. Class-mark of class 25 -30
(vii) 100 is beyond the class 90 - 100.
25 + 30
(viii) Number of students having less than = = 27.5
2
50 marks = 1 + 3 = 4.
Class-mark of class 30-35
2. (i) Lower limit of class 50 - 60 is 50.
40 + 50 30 + 35
(ii) Class marks of class 40 - 50 = = = 32.5
2 2
= 45. Class-mark of class 35 - 40
50 + 60 35 + 40
Class marks of class 50 - 60 = = = 37.5
2 2
= 55. (iv) Width of each class = 15 – 10 = 5.
(iii) Size of each given class is 10. 5. Frequency Distribution Table:
3. (i) Since the classes are 0 - 10, 10-20,
20 - 30, ...... . Therefore, the class size Marks Tally Marks Frequency
is 10.
8 ||| 3
(ii) Number of students in the class
interval 0 - 10 are 3. So, 3 students 9 | 1
obtained less than 10 marks. 10 || 2
(iii) Number of students obtaining 40 or
more marks but less than 50 11 || 2
= Number of students in 12 || 2
the class interval 40 - 50 15 || 2
= 8. 16 | 1
(iv) Class 70 - 80 is of highest marks and
17 | 1
5 students are there in this interval.
(v) Number of failures = 3 + 6 + 10 + 3 18 | 1
= 22. 19 | 1
4. (i) In the age group of 15 - 20, the 20 |||| 4
number of literate females is the Total 20
highest. In the age group of 10-15,
the number of literate females is the (i) Range = 20 – 8 = 12 marks
lowest.
(ii) Highest marks = 20 and lowest
(ii) 300 is the lowest frequency. marks = 8.
(iii) Class-mark of class 10 -15 (iii) 20 marks are occurring most
10 + 15 frequently.
= = 12.5
2 ❏❏
Chapter
6 SQUARES AND SQUARE ROOTS
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 34 or 9 < 88 < 10
1. (B) 36 = 6 or 36 = 6 × 6 = 62. Since 88 – 81 = 7 is smaller than
100 – 88 = 12
2. (B) 102 = 10 × 10 = 100.
3. (A) 441 = 21 × 21 = 212. Therefore, 88 is approximately 9.
4. (B) The square ends in 1. 13. (C) Area = Side2 = 432 = 43 × 43
5. (D) 122 + 352 = 144 + 1225 = 1369 = 1849 m2.
= 372. 14. (C) 4 × 4 = 16.
6. (C) 932 = 93 × 93 = 8649. 15. (C) Required number
= 133 – 112
7. (B) 169 = 13 × 13 = 13.
= 133 – 121
8. (B) 1372 = 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 × 7 = 12.
= 22 × 72 × 7
So, the given number should 16. (D) Square root is the inverse
be divided by 7. operation of square and vice-versa.
17. (C) 9 = 3, – 3
9. (D) 44 = 2 × 2 × 11 144 = 12, – 12.
= 22 × 11
18. (D) 64 = 8, – 8
So, the given number should be
multiplied by 11. 19. (A)
10. (B) 382 – 1400 = 1444 – 1400
= 44
So, 44 must be added to
1400. LCM = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 60
11. (A) ∴ 60 = 22 × 3 × 5
∴ Required number= 60 × 3 × 5
= 900.
20. (C) Using the given pattern, we get
52 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + (7 + 2)
∴ Missing number = 7 + 2 = 9.
∴ 42.25 = 6.5.
49 49 7×7 7
12. (C) 81 < 88 < 100 21. (D) = = = .
121 121 11 × 11 11
Here 81 < 88 < 100 22. (A) 992 = 99 × 99 = 9801.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 35 OR
1. (i) 152 = 15 × 15 = 225. 225 225 15 × 15

(i) = =
(ii) 252 = 25 × 25 = 625. 441 441 21 × 21
2. (i) 49 = 7×7 = 7 15 5
= = .
21 7
(ii) 2500 = 5 × 10 × 5 × 10
= 5 × 10 = 50. 9216 9216 96 × 96
(ii) = =
10000 10000 100 × 100
(iii) 4×4×7×7×5×5
= 4 × 7 × 5 = 140. 96 24
= = .
100 25
(iv) 729 = 3×3×3×3×3×3
= 3 × 3 × 3 = 27. 5.
OR
First find the LCM of 8, 9 and 10.
∴ 882 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 7
= 2 × 32 × 72
The given numbers must be
multiplied by 2.
LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 360 6.
∴ 360 = 22 × 32 × 2 × 5
∴ Required number = 360 × 2 × 5
= 3600.
3. Two perfect square numbers are:
(a) 2 × 2 = 4 and (b) 3 × 3 = 9.
4. (i) 132 = 169
52 + 122 = 25 + 144 = 169.
So, the Pythagorean triplet is 5, ∴ 9408 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
12, 13.
×3×7×7
(ii) 82 = 64 = 22 × 22 × 22 × 72 × 3.
102 – 62 = 100 – 36 = 64. The given number must be divided by
So, the Pythagorean triplet is 6, 3.
8, 10. 7. Perimeter of a square = 4 × Side
S Q U A R E S & S Q U A R E R O O T S 71
148 11. (i) 169 = 13 × 13 = 13 2 = 13.
or 148 = 4 × Side or = Side
4 (ii) (a) ∵ 625 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5
∴ Side = 37 m. = 52 × 52
∴ Area = Side2 = 372 = 37 × 37 ∴ 625 = 52 = 25.
= 1369 m2. (b) ∵ 4096 = 212 = 26 × 26
8. Area = Side 2
∴ 4096 = 26 = 64.
∴ 4624 = Side2
(c) ∵ 16 m2 = 4 m × 4 m
or 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 17 × 17
∴ 16 m 2 = 4 m.
= Side2
or 22 × 22 × 172 = Side2
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 36
∴ Side = 2 × 2 × 17
= 68 m. 1. (i)
9. Let one of the required numbers be x.
Then the other number = 16x
Their product = x × 16x = 16x2
This is given to be 1296
∴ 1 6 x 2 = 1296 Thus, 2.56 = 1.6.
1296
or x2 = = 81 (ii)
16
or x= 81 = 9×9 = 9
∴ 16x = 16 × 9 = 144
Hence, the numbers are 144 and 9.
OR
Let the two consecutive natural
numbers be x and x + 1. Thus, 8.67 = 2.94 (approximately).
Then, (x + –1)2 = 79 x2 OR
2 2
or x + 2x + 1 – x = 79 or 2x = 78
13
or x = 39 ∴ x + 1 = 40 = 0.867 (approx.)
15
Now we can write 402 – 392 = 79
and the required numbers are 40 and
39.
10. 18 = 4.24
13
Thus, = 0.931 (approx.).
15
2. Let the number be x. Then
(ii)
x × x = 1.1881
or x2 = 1.1881
∴ x = 1.1881
= 1.09.
3. (i)
∴ 26244 = 162.
4. (i)
∴ 1.141 × 2.6 = 2.9666
∴ 87 = 9.327 = 9.33 (approx.). Now,
(ii)
∴ 1.141 × 2.6 = 1.722 (approx.).
(ii)
∴ 686 = 26.191= 26.19 (approx.).

OR
(i) Now,
∴ 4.8 × 5.2 = 24.96
∴ 361201 = 601.
∴ 4.8 × 5.2 = 4.995 (approx.). 9. ∴ 10224 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 ×
3 × 3 × 71
5. No. = 22 × 22 × 32
Reasons: × 71
Given equality is 0.4 = 0.2
Square of LHS = 0.4
Square of RHS = (0.2)2 = 0.2 × 0.2
So, 10224 should be divided by 71 to
= 0.04
make it a perfect square.
Since 0.4 is not equal to 0.04
OR
i.e.,0.4 ≠ 0.04
∴ 1575 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 7
∴ 0.4 ≠ 0.04
= 32 × 52 × 7
or 0.4 ≠ 0.2
6.
So, 1575 should be divided by 7 to

make it a perfect square.
10. Since the square of 4 is an even
Required number = 5634 – 752 number, so the square of 34 is also an
= 5634 – 5625 = 9. even number.
11. ∴ 5476 = 2 × 2 × 37 × 37
7.
= 22 × 372
∴ 5476 = 2 × 37 = 74.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 37
1. ∴ 880 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5
× 11
Required number = 7382 – 543291
= (2 × 2) × (2 × 2) × 5
= 544644 – 543291
× 11
= 1353.
23
8. = 0.264
87
Clearly, 880 is not perfect square.
23 2. 248 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 31
∴ = 0.513
87 = (2 × 2) × 62
So, 248 must be multiplied by
62 to make it a perfect square.
3. 490 = 2 × 5 × 7 × 7
 – 12 2 – 12 – 12 ( – 12) × ( – 12)
= 10 × (7 × 7) 10.  
 = × =
 13  13 13 13 × 13
So, 490 must be divided by 10. 2
12
= [∵(– a) × (– a) = a2]
13 2
4. We know that 144
= .
A2 – B2 = (A + B)(A – B) 169
Substituting A = 131 and B = 130, 11. First find the LCM of 4, 6 and 10.
we get LCM (4, 6, 10) = 2 × 2 × 3
×5
1312 – 1302 = (131 + 130)(131 – 130)
= 60.
= 261 × 1 = 261. The prime factorization of
5. Let the two consecutive natural 60 is:
numbers be x and x + 1 such that 60 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 ∴ 60 = 22 × 15
(x + 1)2 – x2 = 51 Now, the required number = 60 × 15
or (x + 1 + x) (x + 1 – x) = 51 = 900.
or (2x + 1) × 1 = 51 OR
or 2x = 51 – 1 (i) ∴ 6.6564 = 2.58.
50
or x = or x = 25
2
∴ x + 1 = 25 + 1 = 26.
So, 51 is written as 262 – 252 = 51.
6. 92 = 81 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13
(ii)
+ 15 + 17.
7. We know that a number may be a
perfect square if its unit’s digit is either
0, 1, 4, 5, 6 or 9. So, 10668 is not a
perfect square number
8. Square of 78 is an even number, as
square of 8 is 64 which is an even
number.
∴ 32.8328 = 5.729
9. 132 + 172 = (13 × 13) + (17 × 17)
= 5.73 (approx.).
= 169 + 289 = 458
12. Area of square = Side2
192 = 19 × 19 = 361
∴ Side2 = 57121
∴ 132 + 172 ≠ 192.
∴ Side = 57121
So, 13, 17 and 19 do not form a
Pythagorean triplet. or Side = 239 m.
13. We know that for m > 1, 5.
(m2 + 1)2 = (2m)2 + (m2 – 1)2
Let m2 + 1 = 5. Then m2 = 5 – 1 = 4
∴ m= 2
So, 2m = 2 × 2 = 4 and
m 2 – 1 = 22 – 1 = 3
Hence, the Pythagorean triplet is: 3, 4, ∴ 0.038809 = 0.197.
5.
6.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 38
1. Let the number of students in each
row be x. Then the number of rows is
also x.
∴ Total number of students
= x × x = x2
But this is given to be 841.
∴ x2 = 841 ∴ 2 = 1.414 ≈ 1.41.
∴ x= 841 = 29 7.
So, 29 students stand in each row.
2. ∴ 256036 = 506.
∴Required number = 7303 – 852

= 7303 – 7225
= 78.
3. Area = 143641 m2
8.
∴ Side2 = 143641
∴ Side = 143641
= 379 m.
4. The least number of 4 digits is 1000.

We have to make 1000 as a perfect Side of square = Area
square. For which, we have to add a
least number to it. = 60025 = 245.
322 – 1000 = 24
∴ Perimeter = 4 × Side
Therefore, the required number is
1024. = 4 × 245 = 980 m.
9. WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 39
1.
961 961 31
Now, = = . Clearly, 289 is a perfect square.
625 625 25
10. 289 = 17.
2. 2-digits perfect square number are 16,
25, 36, 49, 64, and 81.
Therefore, the required number is 81.
3. ∴ 28812 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 7 × 7
×7×7
= (2 × 2) × (7 × 7)
× (7 × 7) × 3
Consequently, we get that
we should divide 28812 by
Clearly, 22222 is not a perfect square. 3 to make it a perfect square.
11. 11 × 51 × 51 × 11 4.
= (11 × 51) × (11 × 51)

= 11 × 51 = 561.
1 120 + 1 121 2
12. Area = 30 = = m ∴ 4851 = 3 × 3 × 7 × 7 × 11
4 4 4
= (3 × 3) × (7 × 7) × 11
121 11 × 11 11 does not make its pair. Therefore,
Side = Area = = 2×2
4 4851 must be multiplied by 11 to make
it a perfect square.
11 11 11 1
= × = = 5 m. 5. (i) Since, unit’s digit of 32 is 9.
2 2 2 2
Therefore, unit’s digit of 45832 is
13. 2880 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
also 9.
×2×2×3
(ii) Since, unit’s digit of 52 is 5.
×3×5
Therefore, unit’s digit of 555052 is
= (2 × 2) × (2 × 2) also 5.
× (2 × 2) × (3 × 3) 6. 1112 – 1092 = (111 + 109)(111 – 109)
×5 = 220 × 2 = 440.
Here 5 does not make its
OR
pair.
Therefore, the required 529 23 × 23 23
number is 5. = = .
729 27 × 27 27
7. ∴ 11025 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
1100
×7×7 =
 50 
= (3 × 3) × (5 × 5)  
 9 
× (7 × 7)
∴ 11025 = 3 × 5 × 7 = 105. 9
= 1100 × = 22 × 9 = 198 s
50
8. Let the number of students in the school = (180 + 18) s = 3 min 18 s.
was x. So each student paid ` x. Thus, the man returns after 3 minutes
∴ Collection = x × x = ` x2 and 18 seconds.
This is given to be ` 202500
∴ x2 = 202500 9. First find the LCM of 8, 12, 15 and 20.
So, LCM = 2 × 2 × 2
∴ x = 202500 ×3×5
Let us find 202500 = (2 × 2) × 2
×3×5
= (2 × 2) × 30
We have to multiply this LCM by 30

to make it a perfect square.
So, required number = 2 × 2 × 3 0 × 3 0
∴ x = 450. = 3600
Thus, the number of students in the Thus, 3600 is the least square number
school was 450. which is exactly divisible by 8, 12, 15
OR and 20.
Area of square = Side2 10. Largest 3-digit number = 999
∴ 75625 = Side2 Smallest 3-digit number = 100
∴ Side = 75625
= 275 m.
Now, distance covered
by the man
= Perimeter of the square
= 4 × Side = 4 × 275 = 1100 m.
Speed of the man = 20 km/hour
km 1000 m
= 20 = 20 ×
hour 3600 s ∴ 999 = 31.606 ≈ 31.61
5 50 Also 100 = 10 × 10 = 10
= 20 × m/s = m/s.
18 9
∴ Required number = 999 – 100
Distance covered = 31.61 – 10
Time taken =
speed = 21.61.
11. (i) (a) ∴ 10000 WORKSHEET
WORKSHEET–– 40
=2×2×2×2×5
×5×5×5 1. (i) 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7× 7
= (2 × 2) × (2 × 2)
× (5 × 5) × (5 × 5)
= (2 × 2) × (2 × 2) × (3 × 3) × (7× 7 )
Hence, 10000 is the = 2 × 2 × 3 × 7 = 84.
perfect square number.
(ii) 9 a 4 b8 ×c10
(b) 2 2 2
= 3 2 ×( a 2 ) × (b 4 ) × (c 5 )
= 3 × a2 × b4 × c5 = 3a2b4c5.
144 144 12 × 12
2. (i) = =
400 400 20 × 20
12 3
= = .
20 5
∴ 2916 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 1 1 1× 1 1
(ii) = = = .
×3×3 16 16 4×4 4
= (2 × 2) × (3 × 3) 3. (i)
× (3 × 3) × (3 × 3)
Hence, 2916 is the perfect
square number.
(ii) ∴11520 = 2 × 2 × 2
×2×2×2
×2×2×3
×3×5 Clearly, 3180.96 = 56.4.
= (2 × 2) (ii)
× (2 × 2)
× (2 × 2)
× (2 × 2)
× (3 × 3)
×5
Clearly 5 does not make its pair.

Therefore, 11520 should be
multiplied by 5 to make it as a Clearly, 5359225 = 2315.
perfect square.
4 ∴ AB = 900
= 30 × 30
= 30 m.
Therefore, the flyer is at a distance of
30 m from the wall.
7. Let each side of the wall be x metres.
Area of the square wall = Side2
= x 2 m2
∴ 0.002 = 0.0447
∵Expenditure on paving at 1 m2
i.e., 0.002 ≈ 0.045.
= ` 25
5. According to the Pythagoras property, ∴ Expenditure on paving
we have.
Hypotenuse2 = Sum of squares of at x2 m2 = ` 25 × x2
other two sides = ` 25 x2
∴ Hypotenuse = 12 2 + 5 2 This is given to be ` 176400.
∴ 25 x2 = 176400
= 144 + 25 = 169 Dividing both sides by 25,
we get
= 13 × 13 = 13 m.
176400
Thus, the length of the hypotenuse is x2 = = 7056
25
13 m.
= (2 × 2) × (2 × 2)
6. AC is string, BC is wall, the flyer is at × (3 × 3) × (7 × 7)
A and kite is at C (see fig.). AC = 50 m, ∴ x = 2 × 2 × 3 × 7 = 84
BC = 40 m So, the length of each side of the wall
is 84 metres.
8.
Using Pythagoras property, we have

AB2 + BC2 = AC2 ∴ 298116 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7
∴ AB2 + 402
= 502 × 7 × 13 × 13
or AB2 = 502 – 402 = (2 × 2) × (3 × 3) × (7 × 7)
= 2500 – 1600 × (13 × 13).
= 900 ∴ 298116 = 2 × 3 × 7 × 13 = 546.
9. First find LCM of 3, 5 and 12 (ii)
∴ LCM (3, 5, 12) = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 60

Thus, 67.362 = 8.207 ≈ 8.21.
Now, make 60 as a perfect square by
multiplying it by a least number. so, 10. 147 = 3 × 7 × 7 = 3 × (7 × 7)
first find the least number. The prime factor 3 does not occur in
60 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 (obtained above) pair. Therefore, 147 must be multiplied
by 3 to make it as a perfect square.
= (2 × 2) × 3 × 5.
Hence, the required number is 3.
Since 3 and 5 do not occur in pairs, so,
11. Represent 1152 as its prime
3 × 5 = 15 is the least number
factors
Multiplying 60 by 15, we get
60 × 15 = 900. 1152 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
Hence, 900 is the required smallest ×2×3×3
number = (2 × 2) × (2 × 2)
OR × (2 × 2) × (3 × 3)
Let us use long division method to × (3 × 3) × 2.
obtain square roots. Here, a 2 does not occur in pair.
(i) Therefore the required least
number is 2.
12. Smallest 5-digit number = 10000
Greatest 5-digit number = 99999
Their sum = 99999 + 10000
= 109999.
Thus, 0.005 = 0.07.
❑❑
Chapter
7 CUBES AND CUBE ROOTS

WORKSHEET
WORKSHEET–– 41 number of consecutive odd numbers
whose sum provides n3 is n. Therefore,
1. (C)1729 = 123 + 13 = 103 + 93. the required number is 9.
2. (C) 73 = 7 × 7 × 7 = 343. 14. (A) One’s digit of 10073
3. (C) 3 729 = 3 9 × 9 × 9 = 9 = One’s digit of 73
i.e., 3 729 is equal to 9. = One’s digit of 343
4. (A) 100 = 10 × 10 which is not a perfect = 3.
cube. 15. (A) Unit digit of 3 1331
5. (B) 675 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 = unit digit of 3 1 = 1.
5 is not in triplet, so the required
16. (C) One’s digit of cube of a number
multiplier is 5.
ending with 6 = One’s digit of 63 = 6.
6. (A) 432 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
= (2 × 2 × 2) × (3 × 3 × 3) × 2 17. (D)
A prime 2 is not a group of three. So 2
8 ()
1 3 1
=
8
×
1
8
×
1
8
=
1
512
.
18. (A) If a perfect cube number ends with
is the required divisor.
0, then its cube root also ends with 0.
7. (D)The symbol denotes square root
The symbol 3 denotes cube root.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 42
8. (C) 688 – 83 = 176 and 93 – 688 = 41. 1. (i) Cube of x = x × x × x = x3
So, estimated value of 3
688 is 9. (ii) 173 = 17 × 17 × 17 = 4913.
( )
3
27 27 3
3×3×3 3 21 3 21 21 21 9261
9. (B) 3 = = = . (iii) = × × = .
125 3
125 3
5×5×5 5 43 43 43 43 79507
10. (A) 3
4913 = 3
17 × 17 × 17 17 4913 (iv) (– 18)3 = (– 18) × (– 18) × (– 18)
= 17. 17 289 = – 5832.
17 17 2. (i) 1473 ends in 3. Therefore, 1473 is odd.
1 (ii) 15163 ends in 6. Therefore, 15163 is
even.
11. (D) 19 × 19 × 19 = 361 × 19 = 6859.
(iii) 11003 ends in 0. Therefore, 11003 is
12. (C) Comparing corresponding terms even.
between the equations (iv) (– 198)3 ends in 2. Therefore (– 198)3
13 + 23 + x3 + 43 = (1 + 2 + 3 + y)2 is even.
and 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 3. Volume of cube = (Edge)3 = (2.5)3
= (1 + 2 + 3 + 4)2, we obtain = 2.5 × 2.5 × 2.5
x = 3 and y = 4. = 6.25 × 2.5
13. (B) According to the given pattern, the = 15.625 cm3.
4. (i) 3 729 ∴ 729 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 perfect cube, you will have 3 3087
3 243 = (3×3×3) × (3 × 3 ×3) to complete this group. For 3 1029
3 81 this, multiply 3087 by 3. 7 343
729 is a perfect cube
3 27 number as prime Hence, the required number 7 49
3 9 factor is in the group is 3. 7 7
3 3 of three. 1
1 2 27000
(ii) Here, 3375 3 3375 6. (i) Here, 27000
3 1125
2 13500
=3×3×3×5×5×5 = (2 × 2 × 2 ) 2 6750
3 375
= (3 × 3 × 3) × (5 × 5 × 5) × (3 × 3 × 3 ) × (5 × 5 × 5 ) 3 3375
5 125
3375 is a perfect cube = 23 × 33 × 53 3 1125
5 25
number as each prime = (2 × 3 × 5)3 = 303. 3 375
factor appears in group of 5 5
∴ 5 125
three. 1 3
27000 = 30.
5 25
(iii) Here, 10648 2 10648
5 5
= 2×2×2×11×11×11 2 5324
1
= (2 × 2 × 2 ) × (11×11×11) 2 2662
2 13824
10648 is a perfect cube 11 1331 (ii) Here, 13824
2 6912
number as each prime 11 121 =2×2×2×2×2×2
factor occurs in the 11 2 3456
11 ×2×2×2×3×3×3
group of three. 2 1728
1
= 23 × 23 × 23 × 33 2 864
(iv) Here, 625000 2 625000 = (2 × 2 × 2 × 3)3 = 243 2 432
=2×2×2×5×5×5 2 312500 ∴ 2 216
3
13824 = 24.
×5×5×5×5 2 156250 2 108
= (2 × 2 × 2 ) × (5 × 5 × 5 ) 5 78125 2 54
× (5 × 5 × 5) × 5 5 15625 3 27
625000 is not a perfect 5 3125 3 9
cube number as a 5 does 5 625 3 3
not occur in the group of 5 125 1
three. 5 25 (iii) Here, 10648 2 10648
5 5 2 5324
= 2×2×2×11×11×11
1 2 2662
5. Here, 3087 = 3 × 3 × 7 × 7 × 7 = 23 × 113 = (2 × 11)3 11 1331
= 3 × 3 × (7 × 7 × 7) = 223. 11 121
The prime factor 3 does not occur in ∴ 3 10648 = 22. 11 11
the group of three. To make 3087 a 1
C U B E S A N D C U B E R O O T S 83
appear in the groups of 3 6561
27 3×3×3
(iv) = three. To complete such 3 2187
729 3×3×3×3×3×3
groups, we should multiply
3 729
() by 3.
3
1 1
= = 3 243
3×3×3 3 ∴ Product = 6561 × 3 = 19683.
3 81
27 1 Now, 19683 = (3 × 3 × 3 )
∴ 3 = . 3 27
729 3 × (3 × 3 × 3)
3 9
7. Volume of a cube = (Edge)3 × (3 × 3 ×3)
3 3
∴ Edge = = 33 × 33 × 33
3
Volume = 3
343 1
= (3 × 3 × 3)3 = 273
= 3
7×7×7 = 7 Therefore, cube root of 19683
Thus, edge of the cube is 7 cm.
= 3
19683 = 27.
8. (i) 2197 = 13 × 13 × 13 = 133
9261 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 7 × 7 WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 43
= 33 × 73 = (3 × 7)3 = 213
105 21
13 3
( ) 1. (i) ∵ 10.5 = =
3
2197 13 10 2
∴ = 3 =
9261 21 21
21 21 21 9261
2197 ∴ 10.53 = × × =
Therefore, cube root of 2 2 2 8
9261
= 1157.625.
3
2197 13
= = .
9261 21
( )
3
11 11 11 11 1331
3 3375 (ii) = × × = .
(ii) Here, 3375 14 14 14 14 2744
=3×3×3×5×5×5 3 1125
(iii) (– 13)3 = (– 13) × (– 13) × (– 13)
= 33 × 53 = (3 × 5)3 3 375
= – 13 × 13 × 13 = – 2197.
5 125
= 153
5 25 2. (i) Unit digit of 533 = Unit digit of 33 = 7.
Therefore, cube root of 3375
5 5 (ii) Unit digit of 44413 = Unit digit of 13
= 3
3375 = 15. 1 = 1.
9. Let us take 8 and 12 as two even natural (iii) Unit digit of 8253 = Unit digit of 53
numbers. = 5.
83 = 8 × 8 × 8 = 512, which is even. (iv) Unit digit of 8888 = Unit digit of 83
123 = 12 × 12 × 12 = 1728, which is even. = 2.
10. Here, 6561 3. (i) ∵ 108 = 2 × 2 × (3 × 3 × 3)
= 3×3×3×3×3×3×3×3 ∴ 108 is not a perfect cube.
= (3 × 3 × 3 ) × (3 × 3 × 3 )× 3 × 3 (ii) ∵ 216 = (2 × 2 × 2) × (3 × 3 × 3)
Clearly all the 3’s do not ∴ 216 is a perfect cube.
(iii) ∵ 512 = (2 × 2 × 2) × (2 × 2 × 2) 7. (i) 343 = 7 × 7 × 7 = 73
× (2 × 2 × 2) 1728 = (2 × 2 × 2) × (2 × 2 ×2)
∴ 512 is a perfect cube. × (3 × 3 × 3)
4. First represent 1600 as its prime factors. = 23 × 23 × 33 = (2 × 2 × 3)3
∴ 1600 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 2 1600 = 123
× 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 2 800
= (2 × 2 × 2) 73
( )
3
2 400 3
343 3 3 7
Now, = =
× (2 × 2 × 2) 2 200 1728 12 3 12
×5×5 2 100
The prime factor 5 does not 2 50 7
= .
appear in a group of three. If 12
5 25
we divide the number by 5 ×
1 1 1 1
5 = 25, then the prime facto- 5 5 (ii) 0.001 = = × ×
1 1000 10 10 10
risation of the quotient will
( )
not contain 5. 3
1
So, the required smallest number is 25. = = (0.1)3
10
5. (i) ∵ 125 = 5 × 5 × 5 = 53
Now, 3
0.001 = 3
(0.1)3 = 0.1.
∴ 3
125 = 5.
(ii) ∵ 5832 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 3375
8. (i) 0.003375 =
×3×3×3 1000000
3
=2 ×3 ×33 3
3×3×3×5×5×5
= (2 × 3 × 3)3 =
10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10
∴ 3
5832 = 2 × 3 × 3 = 18.
33 × 53 (3 × 5)3
(iii) ∵ 1728 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = =
10 3 × 10 3 (10 × 10)3
×3×3×3
= 23 × 23 × 33 15 3
( ) ( )
3 3
15 3
= = =
= (2 × 2 × 3)3 = 123 100 3 100 20
∴ 3
1728 = 12. 3
Therefore, 3
0.003375 = 20 = 0.15.
6. (i) 3
27 × 64
= 3 (3 × 3 × 3) × (2 × 2 × 2) × (2 × 2 × 2) (ii) 3.1 × 3.1 × 3.1 × 5 × 5 × 5
= 3 × 2 × 2 = 12. = (3.1)3 × 53 = (3.1 × 5)3
(ii) 3
8 × 11 × 11 × 11 = (15.5)3.
= 3 (2 × 2 × 2) × (11 × 11 × 11) Therefore, 3
3.1 × 3.1 × 3.1 × 5 × 5 × 5
= 2 × 11 = 22. = 15.5.
9. Volume of a cube = Edge3 ∴ Side = 3
Volume = 3
(7.8)3
5 42875
∴ Edge = 3
Volume 5 8575 = 7.8 metres.
5 1715 3. (i) 27 = 3 × 3 × 3 = 33
= 3
42875
7 343 8 2×2×2
0.008 = =
= 3 3 3 1000 10 × 10 × 10
5 ×7 7 49
( 102 )
3
7 7 = = (0.2)3.
= 3
(5 × 7) 3
1
Therefore,
= 5 × 7 = 35.
Thus, edge of the metallic cube is 35 cm.
3
27 + 3
0.008 = 3 33 + 3 (0.2)3
= 3 + 0.2 = 3.2.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 44
729 3×3×3×3×3×3
(ii) =
216 2×2×2×3×3×3
1331 11 × 11 × 11
1. Volume = =
( ).
3
216 6×6×6 3×3×3 3
= =
2×2×2 2
( )
3
11 Therefore,
= m3
6
()
3
3
729 6 3 3 6
We know that: × = ×
216 9 2 9
Volume of a cube = Side3
3 6 18
× = = = 1.
( 116 ) 2 9 18
3
∴ Side = 3
Volume =
3
(iii) 0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1 × 10 × 10 × 10
= (0.1)3 × (10)3
11
= m. = (0.1 × 10)3 = 13 = 1.
6
Therefore,
2. Volume = 474.552 2 474552 3
0.1 × 0.1 × 0.1 × 10 × 10 × 10
474552 2 237276
= 1 = 1. = 3
1000 2 118638
4. First represent 3600 as its prime
3 59319
2 3 × 3 3 × 13 3 factorisation.
= 3 19773 2 3600
103 3600 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
3 6591 ×3×5×5 2 1800
( )
3
2 × 3 × 13 13 2197 = (2 × 2 × 2) × 2 2 900
=
10 13 169 ×3×3×5×5 2 450
13 13
( ) Here, one 2’s, two 3’s and 3 225
3
39
= 1 two 5’s do not occur in
5 3 75
the groups of three each. 5 25
= (7.8)3 m3.
For happening this, we
We know that: 5 5
should multiply 3600 by
Volume of a cubical box = Side3 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 60. 1
So, the required smallest number is 60. (ii) ∵ 1331= 11 × 11 × 11 = 113
Therefore, product = 3600 × 60 ∴ 1331 is a perfect cube number.
= 216000
27 3×3×3 33
Hence, 216000 = (2 × 2 × 2) 7. = = 3
125 5×5×5 5
()
× (2 × 2 × 2) 3 3
27
or =
× (3 × 3 × 3) 5 125
× (5 × 5 × 5) 27 3
Therefore, is the cube of .
= 23 × 23 × 33 × 53 125 5
( 7 25 ) = ( 375 )
= (2 × 2 × 3 × 5)3 3 3
37 × 37 × 37
8. =
= (60)3 5×5×5
∴ 3
216000 = 60. 50653 28
= 405
= .
125 125
Thus, the cube root of the product is
60. 9. The five natural numbers are 3, 6, 9, 12
and 15
5. First represent 8192 as its prime
Now, obtain the cubes of these
factorisation.
numbers.
8192 = (2 × 2 × 2 ) × (2 × 2 × 2) Cube of 3 = 33 = 3 × 3 × 3 = 27.
× (2 × 2 × 2) × (2 × 2 × 2) × 2 Cube of 6 = 63 = 6 × 6 × 6 = 216.
2 8192 Cube of 9 = 93 = 9 × 9 × 9 = 729.
A prime factor 2 does not
Cube of 12 = 123 = 12 × 12 × 12 = 1728.
appear in its group of three. 2 4096
Cube of 15 = 153 = 15 × 15 × 15 = 3375.
2 2048
So, we should divide 8192 by
2 to make it a perfect cube. 2 1024 WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 45
2 512
Thus, 2 is the required 1. (i) 256 = (2 × 2 × 2) × (2 × 2 × 2) × 2 × 2
smallest number. 2 256
256 is not a perfect cube number.
2
128
8192 (ii) 216 = (2 × 2 × 2) × (3 × 3 × 3)
Quotient = = 4096 2
64
2 216 is a perfect cube number.
2
32
3 3 3 3
Further, 4096 = 2 ×2 ×2 ×2 2 16 3
216 = 2 × 3 = 6.
= (2 × 2 × 2 × 2 )3 28 (iii) 64000 = (4 × 4 × 4) × (10 × 10 × 10)
= 163 2
4 64000 is a perfect cube number.
2
2
∴ 3
4096 = 16.
3
64000 = 4 × 10 = 40.
1
Thus, the cube root of the quotient 4096 2. First, represent 392 as its prime factors.
is 16. 392 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7
6. (i) ∵ 345 = 3 × 5 × 23 = (2 × 2 × 2) × 7 × 7
∴ 345 is not a perfect cube number. The prime factor 7 does not occur in a
group of three. To make this group, we (ii) 35937 = (3 × 3 × 3) 3 35937
need one 7. And then 392 will make a × (11 × 11 × 11) 3 11979
perfect cube.
= 33 × 113 3 3993
In this case,
= (3 × 11)3 11 1331
392 × 7 = (2 × 2 × 2)
= 333 11 121
× (7 × 7 × 7)
11 11
= 2744 ∴ 3
35937 = 33. 1
which is a perfect cube.
(iii) 4913 = 17 × 17 × 17
Hence the required smallest number is 7.
= 173
3. Let the given number be a
Its cube = a × a × a = a3 …(i) ∴ 3
4913 = 17.
New number = Double of given
number 32768 2 32768
6. 32.768 =
= 2a 1000
2 16384
Cube of new number = 2a × 2a × 2a Here, 32768 = (2 × 2 × 2) 2 8192
= 8a3 …(ii) × (2 × 2 × 2) 2 4096
From equations (i) and (ii), we have × (2 × 2 × 2) 2 2048
cube of new number
× (2 × 2 × 2) 2 1024
= 8 × Cube of given number
For example, if a = 2 × (2 × 2 × 2) 2 512
then a3 = 23 = 8, 2a = 2 × 2 = 4 = 23 × 22 × 23 2 256
and (2a)3 = 43 = 64 × 23 × 23 2 128
Here, 64 = 8 × 8 i.e., (2a)3 = 8 × a3 = (2 × 2 × 2 × 2 2 64
Hence if a given number is doubled,
× 2)3 2 32
then its cube becomes eight times the 2 16
cube of the given number. = 323
2 8
And 1000 = 10 × 10 × 10
4. (i) (– 12)3 = (– 12) × (– 12) × (– 12) 2 4
= 103
= 144 × (– 12) = – 1728. 2 2
(ii) ( 1311 )
3
=
11 × 11 × 11
13 × 13 × 13
=
1331
2197
. ∴ 32.768 =
32 3
10 3
=
32 3
10 ( ) 1
( 165 )
3
5. (i) 2744 = (2 × 2 × 2) 2 2744 =
× (7 × 7 × 7) 2 1372 Taking cube root both sides, we get
= 2 × 73
3
2 686 16
= (2 × 7)3 7 343 32.768 = 5
3
= (14)3 7 49 1331
7. 1.331 =
∴ 3
2744 = 14. 7 7 1000
1 Here, 1331 = 11 × 11 × 11
And 1000 = 10 × 10 × 10
11 × 11 × 11 113
()
3
3 3 3 3 27
∴ 1.331 = = (ii) = × × = .
10 × 10 × 10 10 3 7 7 7 7 343
( 1011 ) ( ) ()
3 3 3
15 3
= = (1.1)3 (iii) (1.5)3 = =
10 2
Taking cube root both the sides, we get 3 3 3 27
=
× × = = 3.375.
2 2 2 8
3
1.331 = 1.1
3. (i) 4096 = (2 × 2 × 2) 2 4096
3
27 3
3×3×3 3 × (2 × 2 × 2) 2 2048
8. (i) = =
125 5×5×5 5
× (2 × 2 × 2) 2 1024
3
27 3 × (2 × 2 × 2) 2 512
i.e., =
125 5 2 256
= 23 × 23 × 23 × 23
(ii) 3
5 × 3
9 = 3
5×9 = 3
45 2 128
= (2 × 2 × 2 × 2)3
i.e., 5 × 3 9.
3
45 = 3 2 64
= 163
9. (i) 125 = 5 × 5 × 5 and 216 = 6 × 6 × 6 2 32
∴ 125 × 216 = 53 × 63 2 16
= (5 × 6)3 = 303 2 8
2 4
∴ 3
125 × 216 = 30. 2 2
(ii) 103 × 1.43 = (10 × 1.4)3 = 143 1
∴ Clearly, 4096 is a perfect cube
3
10 3 × 1.4 3 = 14.
number.
(iii) 74088 = 42 × 42 × 42 = 423 (ii) 2197 = 13 × 13 × 13 = 133
∴ 3
74088 = 42. Clearly, 2197 is a perfect cube
number.
WORKSHEET
WORKSHEET–– 46
(iii) 6859 = 19 × 19 × 19 = 193
1. Side of a cube = 3.1 cm Clearly, 6859 is a perfect cube
Volume of a cube = Side3 number.
( 1031 )
3
4. 8000 is a cube of an even number as
= (3.1)3 =
this ends in 0.
31 × 31 × 31 5. Volume = 778688 mm3 2 778688
=
10 × 10 × 10 778688 = (2 × 2 × 2) 2 389344
29791 × (2 × 2 × 2) 2 194672
=
1000 × (23 × 23 × 23) 2 97336
= 29.791 cm3 = 23 × 23 × 233 2 48668
2. (i) (– 10)3 = (– 10) × (– 10) × (– 10) = (2 × 2 × 23)3 2 24334
= – 10 × 100 = – 1000. 23 12167
= 923
∵ Volume = Edge3 23 529 × (3 × 3 × 3) 2 108
∴ Edge = 3 Volume 23 23 × 10 × 10 × 10 2 54
= 3 923 = 92 mm. 1 = 23 × 23 × 33 × 103 3 27
6. (i) Unit digit of cube of 1024 is same as = (2 × 2 × 3 × 10)3 3 9

unit digit of cube of 4. 3 3
= 1203.
43= 4 × 4 × 4 = 64 1
Side = 3
Volume = 3
120 3
Clearly, unit digit of 43 is 4.
= 120
Hence, unit digit of 10243 is 4.
Thus, the measure of side is 120 cm.
(ii) Unit digit of cube of 77 is same as
3.5 × 3.5 × 3.5 × 2 × 2 × 2 3.5 3 × 2 3
unit digit of cube of 7. 9. (i) =
0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 0.5 3
73 = 7 × 7 × 7 = 49 × 7 = 343
( ) ( )
3 3
3.5 × 2 7
Clearly, unit digit of 73 is 3. = =
0.5 0.5
Hence, unit digit of 773 is 3.
= ( ) = 14
3
70
7. (i) 91125 = (3 × 3 × 3) 3 91125 3
5
3 30375
× (3 × 3 × 3) 3.5 × 3.5 × 3.5 × 2 × 2 × 2
3 10125 ∴ 3 = 3 14 3
× (5 × 5 × 5) 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5
3 3375
= 33 × 33 × 53 = 14.
3 1125
= (3 × 3 × 5)3 125 5×5×5
3 375 (ii) =
= 453 2744 2×2×2×7×7×7
5 125
∴ Cube root of 91125 53 53
( )
3
5 25 5
= = =
= 3 5 5 23 × 7 3 (2 × 7)3 14
91125
1
( )
3
= 45. 125 5 5
∴ 3 = 3 = .
(ii) 551368 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 41 × 41 × 41 2744 14 14
= 23 × 413 2 551368 10. (i) ∵ 36 = 6 × 6

2 275684 And 384 = 6 × 4 × 4 × 4
= (2 × 41)3
2 137842 ∴ 3
36 × 3
384 = 3
36 × 384
= 823
41 68921 = 3
6×6×6×4×4×4
∴ Cube root of 551368
41 1681 = 6 × 4 = 24.
= 3 551368 (ii) ∵ 121 = 11 × 11
41 41
= 82. 1 And 297 = 11 × 3 × 3 × 3
8. Volume = 1728000 cm 3
2 1728 ∴ 3
121 × 3
297
1728000 = 1728 × 1000 2 864 = 3
121 × 297
= (2 × 2 × 2) 2 432 = 3
11 × 11 × 11 × 3 × 3 × 3
× (2 × 2 × 2) 2 216 = 11 × 3 = 33.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 47 (ii) 74088 = (2 × 2 × 2) 2 74088
× (3 × 3 × 3) 2 37044
1. Volume of the box = 15625 cm3
× (7 × 7 × 7) 2 18522
Side of the cubical store = 2.5 m
3 9261
= 2.5 × 100 cm The prime factors of
74088 are 2, 3 and 7. Each 3 3087
= 250 cm
of them appears in triplet. 3 1029
Volume of the store = Side3 7 343
So, 74088 is a perfect cube
= 250 × 250 number. 7 49
× 250 cm3. 7 7
(i) Number of boxes 1
Volume of the store 4. Volume of cube = Side3 = (2.3)3
=
Volume of 1 box
=
250 × 250 × 250
= ( )
23 3
10
=
12167
1000
15625 3
= 12.167 cm .
250 × 250 × 250 729 9×9×9 9
= 5. (i) 3 = 3 = .
25 × 25 × 25 1000 10 × 10 × 10 10
= 10 × 10 × 10 = 1000.
512 8×8×8 8
Thus, 1000 boxes can be put in the store. (ii) 3 = 3 = .
343 7×7×7 7
(ii) Length, breadth and height of the
box are of equal measurement as it is a (iii) 3
1000 + 3
0.125
cube.
3
125
∴ = 3
1000 +
Edge = 3
Volume = 3
15625 1000
3
= 5×5×5
3
25 × 25 × 25 = 25 = 3 +
10 × 10 × 10 3
10 × 10 × 10
Thus, dimensions of the box are 25 cm,
5
25 cm, 25 cm. = 10 + = 10 + 0.5 = 10.50.
10
2. 243 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
(iv) 3
27 – 3
0.064
= (3 × 3 × 3) × 3 × 3
The prime factor 3 does not appear in 3
64
= 3
3×3×3–
the groups of three absolutely. If we 1000
divide 243 by 3 × 3 = 9, this will happen.
3
4×4×4
So, the required smallest number is 9. = 3
3×3×3– 10 × 10 × 10
3. (i) 6859 = 19 × 19 × 19
4 26
The only prime factor of 6859 is 19 =3– = = 2.6.
10 10
which appears in triplet. So, 6859 is
a perfect cube number. (v) 3
43 × 63 = 3
(4 × 6)3 = 4 × 6 = 24.
1331 11 × 11 × 11 17 6
(vi) 3
1.331 =
3 = 3 = = 1 .
1000 10 × 10 × 10 11 11
11 9. First, represent 1250235 in its prime
=
= 1.1. factors.
10 3 1250235
6. (i) Unit digit of cube root of 226981 1250235 = (3 × 3 × 3) 3 416745
= Unit digit of cube root of 1 × (3 × 3 × 3) 3 138915
= 1. × 5 × (7 × 7 × 7) 3 46305
(ii) Unit digit of cube root of 175616 The prime factor 5 does 3 15435
= Unit digit of cube root of 6 not occur in the triplet. If 3 5145
= 6. we divide 1250235 by 5, 5 1715
all the prime factors occur 7 343
8 in the triplets.
7. Side = 0.8 cm = cm 7 49
10
1250235 7 7
( ) ∴ Quotient =
3
8 5 1
Volume = Side3 =
10 = 250047
8 8 8 512 In this case,
= × × =
10 10 10 1000
3 quotient = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 7
= 0.512 cm .
×7×7
920 3 × 1331 + 920 4913 = 33 × 33 × 73
8. 3 = =
1331 1331 1331
= (3 × 3 × 7)3 = 633
920 4913 17 × 17 × 17
∴ 3 3 = 3 = 3
Cube root of the quotient =
1331 1331 11 × 11 × 11 3
63 3 = 63.
❏❏
Chapter
8 COMPARING QUANTITIES
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 48 1650 – 1500
= × 100%
1500
5m 5m 1 150
1. (D) = = = % = 10%.
6 km 6000 m 1200 15
= 1 : 1200. 100
8. (A) Marked price = ` 47.50 ×
100 – 5
4 4
2. (A) 4 : 5= = × 100% = 80% 4750
5 5 =` = ` 50.
95
3. (C) Required number = 25 – 28% of 25 9. (C) Let CP = x,
28 135 80
= 25 – × 25 Then SP = x × × = 1.08x
100 100 100
= 25 – 7 = 18. ∵ SP > CP
5 1.08 x – x
4. (A) Bill amount = ` 550 + ` 550 × ∴Gain% = × 100 = 8.
100 x
= ` 550 + ` 27.50 10. (D) Let a single discount be x%, Then
= ` 577.50. x 40 60
CP × = CP × + CP ×
100 100 100
100
5. (A) Price before VAT = ` 2700 × 30
108 ×
100
= ` 2500.
or 100x = 4000 + 1800
` 2125 ∴ x = 58.
6. (C) CP for each article = = ` 25
85
SP for each article 1000 × 5 × 2
11. (A) SI = ` = ` 100.
100
= CP + Profit
12. (C) P = ` 2000, A = ` 2205,
12
= ` 25 + ` 25 × n = 2 years, R = ?
100
( )
= ` 28. R n
2205
A= P 1+ gives
7. (B) CP = ` 1350 + ` 150 = ` 1500 100 2000
( )
SP = ` 1650 2
R
Since SP > CP, therefore there is a gain. = 1+
100
SP – CP R
Gain% = × 100% or 1 + = 1.05 or R = 5%.
CP 100
C O M P A R I N G Q U A N T I T I E S 93
( ) gives 2. Loss percentage = 25%
4
R
13. (C) 2P = P 1 +
100 25
( )
CP – CP × = 720
1 R 100
= 1+
24 100 75
( )
n or CP = 720
R 100
Further, 8P = P 1 + gives
100 720 × 100
n n ∴ CP = = ` 960.
75
8= 24 or 23 = 24
The man wants to a gain of 25%.
or n = 3 × 4 = 12 years. 25 125
14. (A) P = ` 1600, ∴ SP = CP + CP × = CP
100 100
10 5
R= = 5% per half annum, = × 960 = 5 × 240 = ` 1200.
2 4
n = 3 half years. Thus, he must sell the furniture for
` 1200.
A = 1600 1 + (5 3
100 ) 3. Let single discount be x%.
= 1600 × 1.157625 = ` 1852.20. x

∴ Single discount = CP × .
100
( )
3
7 1st out of two successive discounts
15. (D) 100000 = P 1 + gives
100 20 CP
= CP × = .
100000 100 5
P= And 2 nd out of two successive
1.225043
discounts
( ) × 100
or P = 81629.79 l 81630.
CP 10
= CP –
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 49 5
2
=CP.
1. SP = ` 657 25
3 35
Loss percentage = 8 % = %
4 4 x CP 2
CP × = + CP
CP – SP 100 5 25
Loss percentage = × 100
CP or x = 20 + 8 = 28
35 CP – 657 Thus, the required discount is 28%.
∴ = × 100
4 CP 4. Amount paid by a customer
or 35 × CP = 400 × CP – 262800 = Marked Price – Discount
4
262800 = 650 – 650 ×
or CP = = 720. 100
365 = 650 – 26 = ` 624
Thus, the cost price of the chair is Thus, the amount paid by a customer is
` 720. ` 624.
10 ∴ 2y + 30 = 5y – 30
5. Marked Price = CP + CP × or 30 + 30 = 5y – 2y
100
CP 11 or 60 = 3y
= CP + = CP . or 20 = y
10 10
Discount = 10% of marked price ∴ 2y = 2 × 20 = 40
Therefore, Miti has 40 stamps.
10 11 11
= × CP = CP .
( )
n
100 10 100 R
8. A= P 1+ gives
SP = MP – Discount 100
( )
2
11 11 8
= CP – CP A = 5000 1 +
10 100 100
99 27 27
= CP. = 5000 × ×
100 25 25
99 = 8 × 729 = ` 5832
∵ SP < CP as CP < CP
100 ∴ CI = A – P = 5832 – 5000 = ` 832.
So, there is a loss. Thus, the compound intersect is ` 832.
99 CP 9. CP = ` 12000
Loss = CP – SP = CP – CP =
100 100 12
Loss Sales Tax = 12% of CP = × 12000
Loss percentage = × 100 100
CP = ` 1440
CP Cost for a buyer = SP for the seller
= CP + Sales tax
= 100 × 100 = 1%. = ` 12000 + ` 1440
CP
= ` 13440.
Thus, the shopkeeper loses by 1%.
10. CP = ` 80
6. Let the constant of ratio be x. Then
8
cost of calculator = ` x Sales tax = 8% of CP = × 80
100
and cost of typewriter = ` 9x. = ` 6.40.
∴ 9x = 360 or x = 40 ∴ Actual cost price = CP + Sales tax
Therefore, the cost of the calculator is = ` 80 + ` 6.40
` 40. = ` 86.40.
7. Let the constant of ratio be y. Then 11. Let original cost price be ` x.
Miti has 2y stamps and Gunjan has 5y 8
VAT = 8% of x = ×x
stamps. 100
After taking 30 stamps, Miti has (2y + = ` 0.08x
30) stamps. After giving 30 stamps, Now, x + 0.08x = 162
Gunjan has (5y – 30) stamps. or 1.08x = 162
Since, finally both have same number 162

∴ x= = ` 150
of stamps. 1.08
OR Cross–multiplying, we have
Let Kishore’s savings be ` x. 6 × x = 5 × 240
1 x 5 × 240
Expenditure on a car = of x = ` ∴ x= = 5 × 40 = 200.
2 2 6
Thus, the other number is 200.
x
4. Let the constant of ratio be x. Then
Now, required percentage = 2 × 100%
x Rushil’s amount = ` 3x
1 and Timmy’s amount = ` 4x
= × 100%
2 Also Timmy’s amount
= 50%. = ` 6 more than Rushil’s amount
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 50 = ` (6 + 3x)
There are two amounts of Timmy here,
` 125 5 compare them, we get
1. (i) ` 125 to ` 175 = = = 5 : 7.
` 175 7 4x = 6 + 3x
(ii) 4 hours to 80 minutes ∴ 4x – 3x = 6 or x=6
4 hours ∴ Rushil’s amount = ` 3 × 6 = ` 18
=
80 minutes And Timmy’s amount = ` 4 × 6 = ` 24
4 × 60 minutes Now, Total amount = ` 18 + ` 24
=
80 minutes
= ` 42.
3 5. For each goat CP = ` 1200
= = 3 : 1.
1
For one goat, loss = 5% of CP
5 5 5
2. (i) 5 : 8= = × 100% = 62.5%. = × 1200 = ` 60.
8 8 100
∴ SP for this goat = SP – Loss
10 1 1
(ii) 10 : 40 = = = × 100% = ` 1200 – ` 60
40 4 4
= 25%. = ` 1140.
OR For second goat, profit = 10% of CP

10
16 1 = × 1200
(i) = = 1 : 3. 100
48 3
= ` 120.
144 24 × 6 6 ∴ SP for this goat = CP + Profit
(ii) = = = 6 : 5.
120 24 × 5 5
= ` 1200 + ` 120
3. Let the other number be x. Then
= ` 1320.
240 6 Thus, selling price of one goat is ` 1140
=
x 5 and that of other one is ` 1320.
6. Increase in the population
64800
= Final population – Initial population ∴ x= = ` 8100
8
= 3, 00, 000 – 1, 75, 000 Therefore, the cost price of the article is
= 1, 25, 000. ` 8100.
Increase in percentage 8. CP for Bebo = ` 12000
SP for Bebo = ` 12000 – Loss
Increase
= × 100 = ` 12000 – 5% of ` 12000
Initial population
125000 5
= × 100 = ` (12000 – × 12000)
175000 100
5 3 = ` (12000 – 600)
= × 100 = 71 %. = ` 11400
7 7
7. A man sells a cow for ` 7200 at a loss of CP for Monika = SP for Bebo = ` 11400
25%.
SP for Monika = ` 12540
This means if CP = ` 100, Profit for Monika = SP – CP
then SP = ` 75.
= ` 12540 – ` 11400
or if SP = ` 75, Then CP = ` 100
= ` 1140
Therefore, if SP = ` 7200,
1140
Profit % for Monika = × 100
100 11400
CP = ` × 7200 = ` 9600. = 10%.
75
Now, the selling price to gain 25% Thus, cost price for Monika is ` 11400
and profit is 10%.
= CP + Gain
9. Marked Price = ` 1200, SP = ` 1100
= CP + 25% of CP
∴ Discount = Marked price – SP
25 5
= CP + × CP = CP = ` 1200 – ` 1100
100 4
= ` 100.
5
= × 9600 = ` 1200 Rate of discount
4
Thus, the must sell the cow for ` 12000. Discount
= × 100
Marked Price
OR
Let CP = x rupees. 100 1
= × 100 = 8 %.
1200 3
1 CP x
∴ Loss = of CP = =
9 9 9 1 21
10. P = ` 200, R = 10 % = %,
Now, SP = CP – Loss 2 2
x n = 2 years
( ) ( )
∴ 7200 = x – n 2
9 R 21
A= P 1+ = 200 × 1 +
or 64800 = 8x 100 200
( ) y
2
221 221 221 and One-third of Anuj’s age =
= 200 × = 200 × × 3
200 200 200
These last two ages are given to be equal
221 × 221 48841
= = = ` 244.205 x y
200 200 ∴ = gives 3x = 2y
2 3
CI = A – P = 244.205 – 200 = ` 44.205 x 2
or y = or x : y = 2 : 3.
l 44.20 3
Thus, the compound interest is ` 44.20. Thus, the required ratio is 2 : 3.
5. Let original salary be ` x. Then
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 51
New salary = x + 20% of x
1. Number of boys = 40% of 50
20 x 6
40 2000 = x+ = ` x.
= × 50 = 100 5
100 100
This is given to be ` 150000
= 20
6
Number of girls = 50 – Number of ∴ x = 150000
boys 5
5
= 50 – 20 = 30. or x= × 150000
6
So, the boys are 20 and girls are 30. or x = 125000
2. Let the store contains x vegetables in Thus, Mr. Verma’s original salary is
altogether. ` 1, 25, 000.
25 1300 6. Let marked price be ` x.
Then x × = 13 or x = = 52
100 25
Therefore, there are 52 vegetables in 5x x
Then Discount = 5% of x = =
the store. 100 20
3. Let ratio of constant be x. Now, SP = Marked price – Discount
Then, weight of Sanya = 8x kg x 19x
=x– =
20 20
and weight of Guddu = 7x kg.
This is given to be ` 3800.
But it is given that weight of Sanya is
19x
40 kg ∴ = 3800
20
40 20
∴ 8x = 40 or x = = 5. or x = × 3800 = 4000.
8 19
Hence, weight of Guddu = 7x = 7 × 5 Thus, marked price of the T.V. set is
= 35 kg. ` 4, 000.
4. Let Deepali’s age = x 7. CP = ` 850
And Anuj’s age = y Tax charges = 5% of CP
x 5
∴ Half of Deepali’s age = = × 850 = ` 42.50
2 100
Now, actual cost = CP + Tax charged 27 27
= 5000 × × = ` 5832
= 850 + 42.50 25 25
= ` 892.50. ∴ CI = A – P = 5832 – 5000 = ` 832.
Thus, actual cost of the item is ` 892.50. i.e.,Compound interest = ` 832
8. CP = ` 9900 and SP = ` 9000 Required difference = ` 832 – ` 800
Here, it is clear that CP > SP. = ` 32.
So, Billu made a loss. 11. P1 = ` 75550, R = 8.5%
Loss = CP – SP (i) At the end of second year, there are
2 years elapsed
= ` 9900 – ` 9000
∴ n = 2 years
= ` 900.
( )
Loss n
R
Loss per cent = × 100 A1 = P1 1 +
CP 100
900 1
= × 100 = 9 .
( )
2
9900 11 8.5
= 75550 × 1 +
1 100
Thus, Billu’s loss per cent is 9 %.
11
108.5 108.5
9. CP = ` 5500, VAT = 10%. = 75550 × ×
100 100
100
Price before VAT = CP × 217 217
100 + 10 = 75550 × ×
200 200
100
= 5500 × = ` 88939.348 l ` 88939.35
110
= 50 × 100 = ` 5000. Therefore, amount at the end of second
year received by Ritu is ` 88939.35.
Thus, price of a sofa set before VAT
added was ` 5000. (ii) The amount A1 obtained in part (i)
will be the principal for the third year.
10. P = ` 5000, R = 8%, n or T = 2 years
∴ P2 = ` 88939.35
Let us first find simple interest.
( )
1
R
PRT 5000 × 8 × 2 Now, A2 = P2 1 +
SI = = = 50 × 16 100
( )
100 100 8.5
= ` 800 = 88939.35 × 1 +
100
i.e., Simple interest = ` 800. 217
= 88939.35 × = 96499.19
Now, find compound interest. 200
∴ Required interest
( ) ( )
n 2
R 8
A= P 1+ = 5000 1 + = 96499.19 – 88939.35
100 100
= 7559.84
( )
2
2
= 5000 × 1 + Thus, interest for the third year is
25
` 7559.84.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 52 3. P = ` 10000, n = 3 years, R = 10%
1. Let constant of the ratio be x. Using formula.
( ) , we get
n
Then Mr. Lal’s wife had ` 3x. R
A= P 1+
and four sons had ` 5x in all. 100
A = 10000 × ( 1 +
100 )
3
Since all the sons has an equal share. 10
5x
= 10000 × ( 1 + )
∴ Each son had ` . 3
4 1
Now, 3x = 135000 10
= 10000 × ( )
3
135000 11
∴ x= = 45000
3 10
5x 5 11 11 11
∴ = × 45000 = 5 × 11250 = 10000 × × ×
4 4 10 10 10
= 56250.
= 10 × 11 × 11 × 11 = 110 × 121
Thus, each son got ` 56250.
= ` 13310
2. P = ` 1000, R = 8% per annuam = 4%
∴ CI = A – P = 13310 – 10000 = ` 3310.
half yealy.
Thus, the compound interest is ` 3310.
1
n = 1 years = 3 half-years. 4. CP = ` 200 × 10 = ` 2000
2
Since 50 milk bars had to be thrown
( )
n
R away due to be rotten.
A= P 1+ gives
100 ∴ Number of remaining bars
( 1004 )
3
= 200 – 50 = 150.
A = 1000 × 1 +
∴ SP = ` 150 × 15 = ` 2250
= 1000 × ( 1 + )
1 3 Since SP > CP
25 Therefore, Suman made a profit.
26 26 26 Profit = SP – CP = ` 2250 – ` 2000
= 1000 × × ×
25 25 25 = ` 250.
1000 × 26 26 26 Profit 250
= × × Profit% = × 100 = × 100
25 25 25 CP 2000
= 40 × 26 × 1.04 × 1.04 25
= = 12.5%.
= 1040 × 1.0816 2
= ` 1124.864 l ` 1124.86 Thus, Suman’s profit was 12.5%.
∴ CI = A – P = 1124.86 – 1000 5. CP of each almirah = ` 1800.
= ` 124.86. SP of one almirah = CP – Loss
Thus, the compound interest is ` 124.86. = CP – 10% of CP
10 7. Decrease in number of people
= CP – × CP
100 = 800 – 150 = 650
CP 650 650
= CP – Per cent decreased = × 100 =
10 800 8
9 = 81.25
= CP
10
Thus, the decrease in number of people
9 was 81.25%.
= × 1800
10 8. Total number of parts = 8 + 2 = 10
= ` 1620.
Let the percentage of milk be x.
SP of other almirah
Then,
= CP – Loss = CP – 2% of CP
x % of 10 = 8
2 CP
= CP – × CP = CP – x
100 50 or × 10 = 8
100
49 49
= CP = × 1800 8 × 100
50 50 ∴ x= = 80%.
10
= ` 1764.
Thus, the percentage of milk in the can
Thus, Rinku sold one almirah for ` 1620.
is 80%.
and other one for ` 1764.
OR
OR
Profit = SP – CP = 384 – 320
48
CP of 1 unit = ` = `4 = ` 64.
12
Profit
50 Profit % = × 100
SP of 1 unit = ` = `5 CP
10
64 640
Clearly, SP is greater than CP. = × 100 = = 20%.
320 32
Therefore, there is a gain
Thus, the profit is ` 64 and profit per
Gain on 1 unit = ` 5 – ` 4 = ` 1
cent is 20.
Gain 1 9. Let n games were played in all.
Gain% = × 100 = × 100
CP 4
According to given condition, we have
= 25
Hence gain is 25%. 40
40% of n = 20 or × n = 20
6. CP of microwave oven after adding 100
VAT = 5800 + 12% of 5800
20 × 100
∴ n= = 50
12 40
= 5800 + × 5800
100
Thus, 50 games were played in all.
= 5800 + 696 = ` 6496 .
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 53 Total CP = CP + Additional expen-
diture
12 12 = 225000 + 65000
1. (i) 12 : 25 = = × 100% = 48%.
25 25 = ` 290000.
3 3 SP = ` 550000
(ii) 3 : 8= = × 100% = 37.5%. Profit = SP – Total CP
8 8
= 550000 – 290000
1 1 = ` 260000
2. = × 100% = 25%
4 4
Profit
∴ 25% of students wear glasses. Profit per cent = × 100
Total CP
And (100 – 25)% or 75% of students do
260000
not wear glasses. = × 100
290000
3. Let Babita’s income be ` 100.
2600 19
Then Anita’s income = ` (100 – 20) = = 89 %
29 29
= ` 80. or l 89.65
So, Babita’s income is ` (100 – 80) 19
Thus, Mr. William's profit was 89 %
= ` 20 more than Anita’s income. 29
or 89.65%.
20
∴ Require percentage = × 100 6. CP = ` 40000
80
200 1
= = 25. Profit = 1% of 40000 = × 40000
8 100
Thus, Babita’s income is 25% more than = ` 400
Anita’s income. SP = CP + Profit = 40000 + 400
4. CP = ` 1200 = ` 40400.
Total CP = CP + Sales tax Thus, selling price is ` 40400.
= CP + 6% of CP
1 5
6 7. P = ` 800, n = 2 = , R = 10%.
= CP + × CP 2 2
100
( ) ( )
n 2.5
R 10
106 106 A= P 1+ = 800 × 1 +
= × CP = × 1200 100 100
100 100
= 800 × ( )
2.5
= 106 × 12 = ` 1272. 11
= 800 × (1.1)2.5
10
Therefore, Poonam paid ` 1272 to the
shopkeeper. = 800 × (1.1)2 × 1.1
5. CP = ` 225000. = 800 × 1.21 × 1.05 = 1016.40
Additional expenditure CI = A – P = 1016.40 – 800 = ` 216.40.
= 35000 + 25000 + 5000
Thus, amount is ` 1016.40 and
= ` 65000. compound interest is ` 216.40.
8. Let constant of ratio be x. (ii) Let the original price of a shampoo
Then, speed of car = 3x km/hr be ` y.
and speed of bus = 2x km/hr 8 8

Then VAT = 8% of y = ×y = y.
Now, 3x = 36 gives x = 12 100 100
∴ 2x = 2 × 12 = 24. 8 108
∴ CP = y + y = y.
100 100
Therefore, the speed of the bus is
24 km/hr. But this is given to be ` 180
9. Total number of students = 1050. 108
∴ y = 180
Number of present students 100
= 28% of 1050 180 × 100 18000
This gives y = =
108 108
28 2940
= × 1050 = = 166.67 (approx.)
100 10
= 294. Thus, the original price of the shampoo
Number of absentees was ` 166.67.
= Total number fo students 10. CP of each television = ` 50000

– Number of present students Loss on one television = 20% of 50000
= 1050 – 294 = 756 students 20
Thus, 756 students were absent on = × 50000 = ` 10000
100
Monday. SP of this television = CP – Loss
OR = 50000 – 10000 = ` 40000
(i) Let the original price of a soap be Profit on other television
` x.
= 25% of 50000
8
Then, VAT = 8% of x = ×x 25
100 = × 50000 = ` 12500
8 100
= x SP of this television = CP + Profit
100
8 108 = 50000 + 12500 = ` 62500.
∴ CP = x + x= x.
100 100 Total SP = 40000 + 62500 = ` 102500
But this is given to be ` 35
Total CP = 50000 + 50000 = ` 100000
108
∴ x = 35 ∵ SP > CP
100
35 × 100 3500 Therefore, the shopkeeper made a profit.
This gives x = =
108 108 Profit = SP – CP
= 32.41 (approx.) = 102500 – 100000 = 2500.
Thus, the original price of the soap was Thus, the shopkeeper made a profit of
` 32.41. ` 2500 on the whole transaction.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 54 When Amit’s income is ` 100, Rohan’s
income is less by
1. Let Divya’s salary before the increase
be ` x. 25
` × 100 i.e., ` 20.
Then, the increase in her salary 125
Therefore, Rohan’s income is 20% less
= 10% of x.
than Amit’s income.
10 x
= ×x= . 5. Let CP of 1 mango be ` x
100 10
So, her salary after increase Then CP of 18 mangoes = ` 18x
x 11 ∴ SP of 16 mangoes = ` 18x
=x+ = x.
10 10
But this is given to be ` 665500. 18 x 9x
∴ SP of 1 mango = ` =`
16 8
11
∴ x = 665500 Now, profit on 1 mango
10
( 98x – x ) = ` 8x
10
∴ x = 665500 × = 60500 × 10
11 =`
= ` 605000
Thus, Divya’s salary before increase was x
` 6, 05, 000. 8 100
Profit % = × 100 = = 12.5%
2. Number of good students x 8
= 65% of 80 Therefore, the gain is 12.5%.

65 6. Marked price = ` 280
= × 80 = 52
100 Discount = 10% of marked price
∴ Number of students which are not
10
good = 80 – 52 = 28. = × 280 = ` 28
100
3. SP = CP + 10% of CP
∴ SP = 280 – 28 = ` 252
10 Profit = SP – CP = 252 – CP
or 495 = CP + CP
100
Now, using the formula,
CP 11
or 495 = CP + = CP Profit
10 10 Profit % = × 100, we get
CP
495 × 10
∴ CP = = ` 450. 252 – CP
11 26 = × 100
CP
Therefore, the cost price of the almirah or 26 CP = 25200 – 100 CP
was ` 450.
or 126 CP = 25200
4. Let Rohan’s income be ` 100
25200
Then Amit’s income = ` 125 or CP = or CP = 200
126
If Amit’s income is ` 125, then Rohan’s Therefore, the cost price of the article is
income is less by ` 25 ` 200.
OR quarterly. Using the formula,
( ) , we get
n
Increase in the price = 20% of 40000 R
A= P 1+
20 100
A = 15625 ( 1 +
100 )
= × 40000 3
100 4
40000
= = ` 8000
= 15625 × ( 1 + )
5 1 3
New price = Price last year 25
= 15625 × ( )
+ Increase in the price 26 3
= 40000 + 8000 = ` 48000 25

Thus, the new price of the scooter is 26 26 26
` 48000. = 15625 × × ×
25 25 25
1 25 = 26 × 26 × 26 = ` 17576
7. P = ` 16000, R = 12 % = %,
2 2 ∴ CI = A – P = 17576 – 15625
n = 3 years = ` 1951.
Using the formula,
Thus, the compound interest is ` 1951.
( ) , we get
n
R 9. Let the rate of VAT be x %.
A= P 1+
100
Then x % of 450 = 45
A = 16000 × ( 1 +
100 )
3
25 2 x 45
or × 450 = 45 or x = 45
100 10
200 )
= 16000 × ( 1 +
25 3 450
∴ x= = 10%.
45
Thus, the rate of VAT is 10%.
A = 16000 × ( 1 + ) = 16000 × ( )
3 3
1 9 10. Total CP = 225 + 15 = ` 240.
8 8 SP = ` 300
9 9 9 Profit = SP – Total CP
= 16000 × × ×
8 8 8 = 300 – 240 = ` 60.
729 125 60
= 250 × = × 729 Profit per cent = × 100 = 25%.
8 4 240
91125 OR
= = 22781.25
4 Discount = Marked price – Selling
∴ CI = A – P = 22781.25 – 16000 price
= ` 6781.25 = 150 – 100 = ` 50
Thus, Roma paid ` 6781.25 as Discount per cent
compound interest. Discount
8. P = 15625, = Marked price × 100
n = 9 months = 3 quarters,
50 1
16 = × 100 = 33 % .
150 3
R = 16% per annum = i.e., 4%
4 ❏❏
Chapter
9 ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS AND IDENTITIES

WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 55
18 a 3 b 2 18 a3 b2
11. (B) = × × = – 9a2b.
1. (C) The expression a – b is a binomial – 2 ab – 2 a b
because it has 2 terms. 12. (B) We have x3 + 2x2 + x
2 2
2. (A) 5x and – 7x are like terms because = x(x2 + 2x + 1) = x(x +1)2
they are formed from same variable and
the powers of the variable are the same. x3 + 2x2 + x x( x + 1)2
Therefore, =
3. (D) Adding, x( x + 1) x( x + 1)
3 p 2 q 2 – 5 pq + 4 = x + 1.
2 2
– 2p q + 7 pq + 7 13. (C) (a + b) (a – b) = a(a – b) + b (a – b)
2 2
p q + 2 pq + 11 . = a2 – ab + ab – b2
4. (A) Subtracting, = a2 – b 2 .
5 xy – 2 yz – 2 zx + 10 xyz 14. (B) (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2.
3 xy + 5 yz – 7 zx 15. (A) The factorization of 25x2 – 16y2 is a
– – + binomial as it is a binomial.
2 xy – 7 yz + 5 zx + 10 xyz . 16. (B) (3 + 5c)2 = 32 + 2 × 3 × 5c + (5c)2
5. (A) ∵ x × y = xy = 9 + 30c + 25c2.
∴ 2x × y = 2xy. 6 x 2 – 31x + 40
17. (D) = 3x – 8
6. (B) (– a) × (– a2) × a3 = a3 × a3 = a6. 2x – 5
3x – 8
7. (C) (2a + 3b) × (3a + 4b)
= 2a × (3a + 4b) + 3b(3a + 4b) 2 x – 5 6 x 2 – 31x + 40
6 x 2 – 15 x
= 6a2 + 8ab + 9ab + 12b2
– +
= 6a2 + 17ab + 12b2.
–16 x + 40
8. (D) (a + b) (2a – 3b + c) – (2a – 3b)c
–16 x + 40
= a(2a – 3b + c) + b(2a – 3b + c) – 2ac + –
+ 3bc 0
= 2a2 – 3ab + ac + 2ab – 3b2 + bc – 2ac 18. (C) 4(x3y2z2 + x2 y3 z 2 + x2y2z3 )
+ 3bc = 4x2y2z2(x + y + z)
= 2a2 – 3b2 – ab + 4bc – ac. 4( x 3 y 2 z 2 + x 2 y 3 z 2 + x 2 y 2 z 3 )
9. (B) ∵ a + b ! ab ∴ 5x + y ! 5xy. ∴
2x 2 y 2 z2
10. (D) 5(x – 6) = 5 × x – 5 × 6 = 5x – 30. = 2(x + y + z).
19. (B) (x + 3)(x – 2) = x(x – 2) + 3(x – 2) (iii) Subtracting,
= x2 – 2x + 3x – 6 3b 2 – 5 ab
= x2 + x – 6. – b 2 + ab
+ –
20. (B) (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2. 2
4b – 6 ab
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 56 The required subtraction is 4b2 – 6ab.
5. (i) (– 2x)(5x2) = (– 2 × 5) × x × x2
1. (i) x5 + 9x3 – 7x2 + 2x.
= – 10x3.
(ii) 8p4 – 7p2 + 19p.
2. (i) 7ab (ii) x2 + 7xy – 6x + 2 (ii) ( 2y )( 2y ) = ( 2 × 2 ) × y × y
3. (i) Adding, = 2y2.

6. (i) Area of a rectangle
x7 – 2x 3 + 4 x 2
= Length(l) × Breadth (b)
4x7 + 4x 3 – 4x 2
(i) l = – 7x, b = – 8y
+ x7 – x3
∴ Area = l × b = (– 7x) × (– 8y)
6x7 + x3
The required sum is 6x7 + x3. = (– 7) × (– 8)x × y
(ii) Adding, = 56xy.
pq – qr (ii) l1 = 4ab2, b1 = – 12a2b
+ qr – rp ∴ Area = l1 × b1 = 4ab2 × (– 12a2b)
– pq + rp
0 + 0 + 0 = 4 × (– 12)ab2 × a2b
The required sum is 0. = – 48a3b3.
4. (i) Subtracting, OR
– 5 y 2 + 7 x 2 + 4 x 2 y – 7 xy 2 (i) Remember the identity:
– y2 + 3 x 2 + 4 x 2 y – 5 xy 2 (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
+ – – + Put a = 100 and b = 1.
– 4y 2 + 4 x 2 + 0 – 2 xy 2 (100 – 1)2 = 1002 – 2 × 100 × 1 + 12
The required subtraction is or 992 = 10000 – 200 + 1
– 4y2 + 4x2 – 2xy2. = 9801.
(ii) Subtracting, (ii) Remember the identity:
3 a2 – 4 a3 + 3 a + 7 (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
a2 – a3 – a + 1 Put a = 90 and b = 3.
– + + –
2a 2 – 3
3a + 4a + 6 (90 + 3)2 = 902 + 2 × 90 × 3 + 32
The required subtraction is or 932 = 8100 + 540 + 9
2a2 – 3a3 + 4a + 6. = 8649.
A L G E B R A I C E X P R E S S I O N S A N D I D E N... 107
7. (i) Volume of a cuboid WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 57
= Length × Breadth × Height
1. Required value
= 7ax × 3by × 5cz = (4x2 – 5xy + 7y2) – (3x2 + 4y2)
= 7 × 3 × 5 × a × b × c × x = 4x2 – 5xy + 7y2 – 3x2 – 4y2
×y×z
= (4x2 – 3x2) – 5xy + (7y2 – 4y2)
= 105abcxyz cubic units.
= x2 – 5xy + 3y2.
(ii) Volume of a cuboid
OR
= Length × Breadth × Height
Remember the identity:
= (2xy) × (– 2y) × (– 2x)
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
= 2 × (– 2) × (– 2) × xy × y × x
Substituting a = 3x and b = 2y, we get
= 8x2y2 cubic units.
(3x + 2y)2 = (3x)2 + 2 × 3x × 2y + (2y)2
8. Let y = 4x(8x – 3) – 2
or 122 = 9x2 + 12 × 6 + 4y2
= 4x × 8x – 4x × 3 – 2
or 144 = 9x2 + 4y2 + 72
= 32x2 – 12x – 2.
or 144 – 72 = 9x2 + 4y2
1
Substituting, x = , we get or 9x2 + 4y2 = 72.
4
2. (i) (5a + 4b)(2a + 3b)
() ( ) –2
2
1 1
y = 32 – 12 = 5a(2a + 3b) + 4b(2a + 3b)
4 4
= 5a × 2a + 5a × 3b + 4b × 2a
1 1
= 32 × – 12 × –2 + 4b × 3b
16 4
=2–3–2=–3 = 10a2 + 15ab + 8ab + 12b2
OR = 10a2 + 23ab + 12b2.
Remember the identity: (ii) (1 – 3x)(1 + x + x2)
(a – b)(a + b) = a2 – b2 = 1 × (1 + x + x2) – 3x × (1 + x + x2)
Putting = 1 + x + x2 – 3x – 3x2 – 3x3
(i) a = 70 and b = 3, we have = 1 – 2x – 2x2 – 3x3.
(70 – 3)(70 + 3) = 702 – 32 3. (i) Substituting a = 2 and b = 3 in
or 67 × 73 = (70 × 70) – (3 × 3) (a + 5)(b – 3), we get
= 4900 – 9 = 4891. (a + 5)(b – 3) = (2 + 5)(3 – 3)
(ii) a = 100 and b = 1, we get =7×0=0
(100 – 1) × (100 + 1) = 1002 – 12 (∵ m × 0 = 0)
or 99 × 101 = (100 × 100) – (1 × 1) (ii) Substituting x = 0 and y = 1 in

(x2 – y2)(x2 + y2), we get
or 101 × 99 = 10000 – 1
= 9999. (x2 – y2)(x2 + y2) = (02 – 12)(02 + 12)
= (0 – 1)(0 + 1) Put A = 3a and B = 11 to get
(∵ 02 = 0) (3a – 11)2 = (3a)2 – 2 × 3a × 11 + 112
= (– 1) × (1) = – 1. or (3a – 11)(3a – 11) = 9a2 – 66a + 121.
4. (i) We have (iii) Remember the identity:
(a2 – 5)(a + 5) (A – B)(A + B) = A2 – B2
= a2 × (a + 5) – 5 × (a + 5)
Put A = 5x and B = 3 to get
= a3 + 5a2 – 5a – 25
(5x – 3)(5x + 3) = (5x)2 – 32
∴ (a2 – 5) (a + 5) + 15
= 25x2 – 9.
= a3 + 5a2 – 5a – 25 + 15
6. (i) Remember an identity:
= a3 + 5a2 – 5a – 10.
(A – B)2 = A2 – 2AB + B2
(ii) (t + s2)(t2 – s) = t(t2 – s) + s2(t2 – s)
Substituting A = a and B = 2, we get
= t3 – ts + s2t2 – s3.
(a – 2)2 = a2 – 2 × a × 2 + 22
OR
= a2 – 4a + 4.
(i) (3x2 – 2y2)(3x2 – 2y2)
(ii) Remember an identity:
= 3x2(3x2 – 2y2) – 2y2(3x2 – 2y2)
(A + B)2 = A2 + 2AB + B2
= 9x4 – 6x2y2 – 6x2y2 + 4y4
3a
= 9x4 – 12x2y2 + 4y4. Substituting A = and B = 4,
4
( )( )
3 3 we get
(ii) 2a + 2a –
b b
( ) ( ) + 2 × ( 34a ) × 4 + 4
2 2
3a 3a 2
+4 =
= 2a ( 2a – ) + ( 2a – )
3 3 3 4 4
b b b 9a 2
= + 6a + 16.
16
6a 6a 9
= 4a2 – + – 2 OR
b b b
(i) (x2 + x + 1)(x2 – x + 1)
9
= 4a2 – 2 . = x2(x2 – x + 1) + x(x2 – x + 1)
b
5. (i) (a + 6)(a + 6) = (a + 6)2 + 1(x2 – x + 1)
Remember the identity: = x4 – x3 + x2 + x 3 – x2 + x + x2
(A + B)2 = A2 + 2AB + B2 –x+1
Put A = a and B = 6 to get = x4 + x2 + 1.
(a + 6)2 = a2 + 2 × a × 6 + 62 (ii) We have
or (a + 6)(a + 6) = a2 + 12a + 36. (2x + 3y)(2x – 3y)
(ii) (3a – 11)(3a – 11) = (3a – 11)2 = 2x(2x – 3y) + 3y(2x – 3y)
Remember the identity: = 4x2 – 6xy + 6xy – 9y2
(A – B)2 = A2 – 2AB + B2 = 4x2 – 9y2
∴ (2x + 3y)(2x – 3y)(4x2 + 9y2) 4. Area of a rectangle
= (4x2 – 9y2)(4x2 + 9y2) = Product of two consecutive sides
= 4x2(4x2 + 9y2)
 1 
– 9y2(4x2 + 9y2) = 6x2 ×  x + 2  = 6x3 + 6
x
= 16x4 + 36x2y2 – 36x2y2 – 81y4
= 6(x3 + 1) square units.
= 16x4 – 81y4.
5. Use the identity:
7. (i) Remember the identity:
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(a – b)(a + b) = a2 – b2
Putting a = 400 and b = 3, we get 2x
(i) Substituting a = and b = 1, we
(400 – 3)(400 + 3) = 4002 – 32 3
have
or 397 × 403 = (400 × 400)
( 23x + 1) = ( 23x )
2 2
2x
– (3 × 3) +2× × 1 + 12
3
= 160000 – 9
4x 2 4x
= 159991. = + + 1.
9 3
(ii) Remember the identity: (ii) Substituting a = x2y and b = 2xy2,
a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b) we have
Putting a = 163 and b = 157, we (x2y + 2xy2)= (x2y)2 + 2 × x2y × 2xy2
get
+ (2xy2)2
1632 – 1572 = (163 + 157)(163 – 157)
= x4y2 + 4x3y3 + 4x2y4.
= 320 × 6 = 1920.
OR
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 58 (i) We have
1. Adding, (2x + 5)(3x – 2)
2
4x + 5x – 7 = 2x(3x – 2) + 5(3x – 2)
– 3x2 + 3x – 4 = 6x2 – 4x + 15x – 10
+ x2 – 1 = 6x2 + 11x – 10.
2x 2 + 8 x – 12 And (x + 2)(2x – 3)
2. (a2 + ab + b2)(a – b) = x(2x – 3) + 2(2x – 3)
= a2(a – b) + ab(a – b) + b2(a – b) = 2x2 – 3x + 4x – 6
= a3 – a2b + a2b – ab2 + ab2 – b3 = 2x2 + x – 6

Therefore, (2x + 5)(3x – 2)
= a3 – b3.
+ (x + 2)(2x – 3)
3. 3(x2 – 5x + 3) – 2(x2 + 2x + 4)
= 6x2
+ 11x – 10 + 2x2
= 3x2 – 15x + 9 – 2x2 – 4x – 8 +x–6
= x2 – 19x + 1. = 8x2 + 12x – 16.
(ii) We have (ii) Remember the identity:
(6x2 + 15y2)(6x2 – 15y2) (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
= (6x2)2 – (15y2)2 Substituting a = 1 and b = 0.2, we get
[Using the identity: (a + b)(a – b) (1 + 0.2)2 = 12 + 2 × 1 × 0.2 + (0.2)2
= a2 – b2] or (1.2)2 = 1 + 0.4 + 0.2 × 0.2
= (6x2 × 6x2) – (15y2 × 15y2) = 1 + 0.4 + 0.04 = 1.44.
= 36x4 – 225y4 8. Perimeter of a square
1 = 4 × Side
Therefore, (6x2 + 15y2)(6x2 – 15y2)
3 = 4 × (4x2 + 3y – 3)
36 x 4 – 225 y 4 = 16x2 + 12y – 12.
=
3
9. Perimeter of a rectangle
= 12x – 75y4.
4
= 2 × (length + breadth)
6. Take the identity:
= 2 × (3x2 + x + 3 + x2 – 2x – 1)
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
= 2 × (4x2 – x + 2)
(i) Substituting a = 2x and b = 5y, we
get = 8x2 – 2x + 4.
(2x – 5y)2 = (2x)2 – 2 × 2x × 5y 10. 3 + x + 3x2 – (x2 – 1 – 2x)
+ (5y)2 = 3 + x + 3x2 – x2 + 1 + 2x
2
= 4x – 20xy + 25y .2
= (3 + 1) + (x + 2x) + (3x2 – x2)
x 4y
(ii) Substituting a = and b = , we = 4 + 3x + 2x2.
2 3
get WORKSHEE
WORKSHEET T – 59
( ) ( ) – 2 × x2 × 43y
2 2
x 4y x 1. Side = 4x2 + 8y – 8
– =
2 3 2
Perimeter of a square
+ ( )
2
4y
= 4 × Side
3
= 4 × (4x2 + 8y – 8)
x2 4 xy 16 y 2
= – + . = 16x2 + 32y – 32.
4 3 9
7. (i) Remember the identity: 2. Perimeter of a rectangle
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2 = 2 × (one side + other side)
Substituting a = 1000 and b = 1, we = 2 × (8x2 + 7x + 3 + 4x2 – 3x – 7)
get = 2 × (12x2 + 4x – 4)
(1000 – 1)2 = 10002 – 2 × 1000 × 1 + 12 = 24x2 + 8x – 8.
or 9992 = 1000 × 1000 – 2000 + 1 3. Substituting p = – 1, q = – 2, s = – 2
= 1000000 – 2000 + 1 in 5(p – q – s2), we get
= 998001. 5(p – q – s2) = 5{– 1 – (– 2) – (– 2)2}
= 5(– 1 + 2 – 4) = 5(– 3) = x2 – 10x + 16.
= – 15. (ii) Take the identity:
Substituting r = 3, s = – 2 in 2(r – s2), we (A – B)2 = A2 – 2AB + B2
get 1
Substituting A = a and B = , we get
2(r – s2) = 2{3 – (– 2)2} = 2(3 – 4) a
( 1a ) + ( 1a )
= 2(– 1) = – 2
( a – 1a )
2 2
Therefore, 5(p – q – s2) – 2(r – s2) = a2 – 2 × a ×
= – 15 – (– 2) 1
= a2 – 2 + .
= – 15 + 2 = – 13. a2
(iii) Take the identity:
4. (i) (7x + 15y)(x2 + 3y)
(a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2
= 7x(x2 + 3y) + 15y(x2 + 3y)
Substituting a = x2 and b = y2, we get
= 7x3 + 21xy + 15x2y + 45y2.
(x2 + y2)(x2 – y2) = (x2)2 – (y2)2
(ii) (l2 + lp + p2)(l – p)
= (x2 × x2)
= l2(l – p) + lp(l – p) + p2(l – p)
– (y2 × y2)
= l3 – l2p + l2p – lp2 + p2l – p3
= x 4 – y4 .
= l3 – p3.
6. (i) Take the identity:
OR
(a – b)(a + b) = a2 – b2
(i) Substituting m = 1, n = – 1 in
Put a = 400 and b = 10 to get
(3m – 2n)(2m – 3n), we get
(400 – 10)(400 + 10) = 4002 – 102
(3m – 2n)(2m – 3n) or 390 × 410 = (400 × 400)
= {3 × 1 – 2 × (– 1)} {2 × 1 – 3 × (– 1)} – (10 × 10)
= (3 + 2)(2 + 3) = 5 × 5 = 25. = 160000 – 100
(ii) Substituting a = 1, b = 2 in (4a2 + 3b), = 159900.
we get
(ii) Take the identity:
(4a2 + 3b) = 4(1)2 + 3(2)
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
=4×1+3×2
= 4 + 6 = 10 Put a = 1000 and b = 2 to get
2 2
∴ (4a + 3b)(4a + 3b) = 10 × 10 (1000 – 2)2 = 10002 – 2 × 1000 × 2 + 22
= 100. or 9982 = 1000000 – 4000 + 4
5. (i) Take the identity: = 996004.
(x + a)(x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab 7. Adding, 3x – 2y + 7
Substituting a = – 8 and b = – 2, we – 3x – 2y – 5
get – x – y + 7
(x – 8)(x – 2) = x2 + (– 8 – 2)x
– x – 5y + 9
+ (– 8) (– 2) Thus, the required sum is – x – 5y + 9.
8. (i) 11xy – 7y – (7xy – 8y) 2. (i) Subtracting,
= 11xy – 7y – 7xy + 8y 4x3 + x2 + x + 6
= (11xy – 7xy) + (– 7y + 8y) 2x3 – 4x2 + 3x + 5
= 4xy + y. – + – –
(ii) – 4a2b – 8b2 – (3a2b + 7ab – b2) 2x3 + 5x2 – 2x + 1 .
= – 4a2b – 8b2 – 3a2b – 7ab + b2 (ii) Subtracting,
= (– 4a2b – 3a2b) + (– 8b2 + b 2) – 7ab 13 1
bc +
3 5
= – 7a2b – 7b2 – 7ab.
ab 35 6
– bc + ac
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 60 7 3 5
– + –
1. (i) Adding the three expressions, ab 48 6 1
– + bc – ac +
4 xy 2 – 7 x 2 y 7 3 5 5
∴ Required subtraction
– 7 xy 2 + 12 x 2 y
ab 6 1
+ 3 xy 2 – 2 x 2 y =– + 16bc – ac + .
7 5 5
0 + 3x2 y .
3. (i) (– 3x2) × (– 7xy2) × (– 2yz2)
∴ Required sum is 3x2y.
= (– 3) × (– 7) × (– 2) × x2 × xy2 × yz2
(ii) Adding the three expressions,
= 21 × (– 2) × x3 × y3 × z2
7 3 1 5
x – x2 + = – 42x3y3z2.
3 3 2
5 3
3
7
x + x2
6
–x +
1
2 (ii) ( 59 abc ) × ( – 59 a b ) × (– 3b c)
3 3 2 3
5 5
× ( – ) × (– 3) × abc × a b
+ x2 – x –2 5 9
2 2 = 3 3 2
9 5
12 3
3 (
1 7 5 5
x + – + + x2 – 1 + x +
3 6 2 2
5
2 ) ( ) = (– 1) × (– 3) × a4 × b6 × c4
× b3c
1
+ –2 = 3a4b6c4.
2
∴ Required sum 4. (i) ∵ 6a(a – 2) = 6a2 – 12a
= 4x3 + ( 6
x –
2 )
– 2 + 7 + 15 2 2 + 5
x
and a(3 + 7a) = 3a + 7a2
∴ 15a2 – 6a(a – 2) + a(3 + 7a)
5+1– 4 = 15a2 – (6a2 – 12a) + 3a + 7a2
+
2 = 15a2 – 6a2 + 12a + 3a + 7a2
20 2 7 2 = 16a2 + 15a
= 4x3 + x – x+
6 2 2 = a(16a + 15).
10 2 7 (ii) ∵ 5st(s – t) = 5s2t – 5st2
= 4x3 + x – x + 1.
3 2 3s2(t – t2) = 3s2t – 3s2t2
2t2(s2 – s) = 2s2t2 – 2st2 1 1
Put a= x and b = y to get
and 2st(s – t) = 2s2t – 2st2 2 5
( ) ( ) – 2 ( 21 x ) ( 51 y )
∴ 5st(s – t) – 3s2(t – t2) – 2t2(s2 – s) 1 1 2
1 2
x– y = x
+ 2st(s – t) 2 5 2
+ ( y)
= 5s2t – 5st2 – (3s2t – 3s2t2) 1 2
– (2s2t2 – 2st2) + 2s2t – 2st2 5
( 21 x – 51 y ) ( 21 x – 51 y )
= 5s2t – 5st2 – 3s2t + 3s2t2 – 2s2t2
or
+ 2st2 + 2s2t – 2st2
= (5s2t – 3s2t + 2s2t) 1 2 1 1 2
= x – xy + y .
+ (– 5st2 + 2st2 – 2st2) 4 5 25
+ (3s2t2 – 2s2t2) 6. (i) We have
= 4s2t – 5st2 + s2t2 (a – b)(a + b) = a2 – b2
= st(4s – 5t + st). Substituting a = 70 and b = 2, we
5. (i) Use the following identity: get
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 (70 – 2)(70 + 2) = 702 – 22
2 2 or 68 × 72 = 4900 – 4 = 4896.
Put a = x and b = 7y2 to get
3 (ii) We have
( 23 x )
2
2 a 2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)
+ 7 y2
Substituting a = 128 and b = 77, we
( 23 x )( 23 x ) (7y ) + (7y )
2
2 2 2 2 2 get
= + 2
1282 – 772 = (128 + 77)(128 – 77)
or ( 23 x + 7 y ) ( 23 x + 7 y )
2 2 2 2 = 205 × 51 = 10455.
OR
4 28 2 2
= x4 + x y + 49y4 Product = – 3xy(xy + y2)
9 3
(∵ a2 = a × a) = – 3xy × xy – 3xy × y2
(ii) Use the following identity: = – 3x2y2 – 3xy3
(a – b)(a + b) = a2 – b2 Adding it to 2x2y2 – xy3, we get
Put a = 6x2 and b = 7y2 to get – 3xy(xy + y2) + 2x2y2 – xy3
(6x2 – 7y2)(6x2 + 7y2) = (6x2)2 – (7y2)2 = – 3x2y2 – 3xy3 + 2x2y2 – xy3
= 36x4 – 49y4. = (– 3x2y2 + 2x2y2) + (– 3xy3 – xy3)
(iii) Use the following identity:
= – x2y2 – 4xy3.
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2 ❏❏
Chapter
10 VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 61 12. (C) A pyramid with
rectangular base has 5
1. (B) The relation among the numbers of vertices.
faces F, vertices V and edges E of a
plyhedron is given by
F + V – E = 2.
2. (C) Using F + V – E = 2, we get
E = F + V – 2 = 8 + 6 – 2 = 12. 13. (B) E = 10, F = 6.
3. (B) Using Euler’s formula: Using F + V – E = 2, we get
F + V – E = 2, V = 10 + 2 – 6 = 6.
x = V = E + 2 – F = 12 + 2 – 8 = 6 14. (C) The match box is a cuboid.
y=F=E+2–V=9+2–6 15. (B) The solid shown in option (B) is
= 11 – 6 = 5 made up of a cylinder and a cone, so it
is a nested solid.
z = E = F + V – 2 = 20 + 12 – 2 = 30.
16. (C) A sphere has neither vertex nor flat
4. (C) A cuboid has 6 faces and 12 edges. face.
5. (A) A tetrahedron has 4 vertices. 17. (B) A prism has the given properties.
6. (B) The top view is shown in the part B.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 62
7. (C) The side view of the given figure is
. 1. Name Example
(i) Cylinder Drum
8. (B) A cube has 6 congruent faces.
(ii) Cone Tent
9. (A) Each vertex of a cuboid is formed
by meeting of 3 faces. (iii) Sphere Ball .
10. (A) The lateral faces of a pyramid are 2. (i) Tetrahedron
triangles with a common vertex. Example -Tent
11. (D) A prism having a No. of triangular faces - 4
square base has 12 No. of vertices - 4
edges. No. of edges - 6. Fig.: Tetrahedron
(ii) Hexahedron (cube)
Example - Die
Number of square faces-6
Number of vertices - 8
Number of edges -12. Fig.: Hexahedron
Fig.: Prism with square base
V I S U A L I S I N G S O L I D S H A P E S 115
3. We know that a cube has 6 faces, i.e., 6. (i) (ii)
f = 6 and 8 vertices, i.e., v = 8
Using Euler’s formula: .
f + v – e = 2, we have
e=f+v–2=6+8–2
= 14 – 2 = 12.
We know that an icosahedron has 20
faces, i.e., f = 20 and 12 vertices, i.e., WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 63
v = 12.
Using Euler’s formula: 1. (i)
f + v – e = 2, we have
e = f + v – 2 = 20 + 12 – 2 = 32 – 2 = 30
So, f + v = 20 + 12 = 32
and e + 2 = 30 + 2 = 32
Solid f v e f + v e+2
(ii)
(i) Cube 6 8 12 14 14
(ii) Icosahedron 20 12 30 32 32 .
4. (i)
2. (i) A tetrahedron has 4 vertices.

(ii) A cuboid has 8 vertices.
(iii) A pentagonal pyramid has 6 vertices.
(iv) An octagonal pyramid has 9 vertices.
3. (i) A cuboid opened at the top.
(ii) (ii) A cone surmounted on a cylinder.
(iii) A cylinder.
(iv) A hollow cylinder.
4. (i)
5. (i) (ii) Line of symmetry

2 2 2 2 1 .
1 1 1 (ii) The given figure is a rhombus which
has 2 lines of symmetry.
5. (i)
(ii)
6. A cube has 5 planes of symmetry.
7.
8.
9. (ii) A cone has 1 edge.
(iii) An octahedron has 12 edges.
(iv) A rectangular prism has 12 edges.
3. (i)
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 64
1. (i) A triangular prism has 5 faces.
(ii) A hexagonal pyramid has 7 faces.
(iii) A pentagonal prism has 7 faces.
(iv) An octagonal prism has 10 faces.
2. (i) A square prism has 12 edges.
(ii) Fig.: Cube
Fig.: Cuboid
4. F = 6, V = 8, E = ? (ii)
Using Euler’s formula,
F + V – E= 2
or E = F + V – 2 = 6 + 8 – 2 = 12
Thus, the given polyhedron has 12
edges.
5.
Fig.: Net a cube

(iii)
6. (i) The given net is of a cone.
(ii) The given net is of a tetrahedron.
(iii) The given net is of a cylinder opened
at the top.
7. (i) Tetrahedron.
(ii) Cuboid opened at the top.
8. (i)
9. A sphere has
infinitely many
planes of sym-
Fig.: Cuboid
metry.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 65 Using Euler’s formula,
F+V–E= 2
1.
Here, F + V – E = 20 + 15 – 20 = 15 ! 2
Therefore, no polyhedron is possible.
7.
Fig.: Tessellations of an isosceles tria-

ngle.
Yes, we can use right angled triangle,
8, square etc.
2. The required net is given below.
.
8. (i) (ii) (iii)
Fig.: Net . . .
3.
9. (i) Cylinder. (ii) Square pyramid.
(iii) Triangular prism.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 66
4. (i) A decagonal prism has 12 faces.
(ii) A pentagonal pyramid has 10 edges. 1. (i) (iii)
(iii) Each face of a tetrahedron is in the
shape of a triangle.
(iv) Hexagonal prism.
5. In the given figure:
f = 9, v = 9, e = 16
Now, f + v = 9 + 9 = 18
And e + 2 = 16 + 2 = 18 (ii)
Therefore, f + v = e + 2.
6. F = 20, E = 20, V = 15
2. x + 6 – 12 = 2
or x = 2 – 6 + 12 = 8
2nd Column:
F = 5, V = y, E = 9
Substituting these values in the Euler’s
formula, we get
5+y–9 =2
or y = 2 – 5 + 9 = 6
3rd Column:
F = 20, V = 12, E = z
Substituting these values in the Euler’s
formula, we get
20 + 12 – z = 2
or z = 20 + 12 – 2 = 30
Therefore, the complete table will be:
3. (i) Isosceles trapezium, kite.
(ii) Rhombus, rectangle, square. Number of Faces 8 5 20
(iii) Rhombus, rectangle, square. Number of Vertices 6 6 12
4. (i) (ii) Number of Edges 12 9 30 .
7.
5.
Solid f v e f+v e+2
Octahedron 8 6 12 14 14
8. Figure (i):
Dodecahedron 12 20 30 32 32
The given figure is of a tetrahedron.
6. Let unknown numbers in 1st column be
∴ Number of faces = 4
x, in 2nd column be y and in 3rd column
be z. Number of edges = 6
Euler’s formula is Number of vertices = 4
F+V–E=2
Figure (ii)
1st column:
The given figure is of a triangular prism.
F = x, V = 6, E = 12
Substituting these values in the Euler’s ∴ Number of faces = 5
formula, we get Number of edges = 9
Number of vertices = 6
Now, we can make a table as given (ii)
below:
Fig. No. of No. of No. of

faces edges vertices
(i) 4 6 4
(ii) 5 9 6
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 67
1. (i)
3. (i) Yes, tessellation is possible by using
equilateral triangle. The figure is
given below:
(ii)
(ii) Yes, tessellatiion is possible by using

regular pentagon. The figure is given
below:
2. (i)
4. 2 2
1 1
Fig.: Base design
5. Diamond is the example of octahedron. 8.
Fig.: Net of a cone

Fig.: Diamond 9.
The octahedron has 8 faces, 6 vertices
and 12 edges i.e., f = 8, v = 6, e = 12.
6. (i) The given tessellation is made up of
regular hexagon and rhombus.
(ii) The given tessellation is made up of
rectangles.
7.
❏❏
Chapter
11 MENSURATION
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 68 7. (D) Length of rod
= Length of diagonal
1 1
1. (A) Area= d1d2 = × 8 × 5 = 20 cm2.
5 2 + ( 10 2 + 10 2 )
2
2 2 =
2. (B) Area = = 25 + 200 = 225
Sum of parallel sides = 15 cm.

× Distance between them 8. (C) Curved surface = 2πr × h = 2πrh
2 22
9. (B) πr2h = 1925 ⇒ × r2 × 50 = 1925
(14 + 12) × 8 7
= = 26 × 4
2
1925 × 7
= 104 cm2. ∴ r2 = = 12.25
22 × 50
3. (A) Area ∴ r= 12.25 = 3.5 cm
Sum of parallel sides × Altitude ∴ d = 2r = 2 × 3.5 = 7 cm.
=
2 10. (B) Volume = 4.2 × 3 × 1.1 = 13.86 m3
14.1 × 2
∴ Altitude = = 2.35 cm. Capacity = 13.86 × 1000 l = 13860 l.
12
4. (D) Ar (ABCDE) 11. (C) Capacity = Volume = 103 = 1000 cm3
= Ar(ABC) + Ar(ACD) + Ar(AED) = 1 l.
= ( 21 × 8.8 × 2.2 ) + ( 21 × 8.8 × 3.3 ) 12. (D) Volume = πr2h =

22
7
× 7 × 7 × 30
+ ( × 6.4 × 1.1 )
1 = 4620 cm3
2
4620
= 9.68 + 14.52 + 3.52 = 27.72 cm2. ∴ Capacity = l = 4.62 l.
1000
294 13. (A) Surface area of the roller
5. (C) 6a2 = 294 ⇒ a2 = = 49
6 22
⇒ a = 7 cm. = 2πrh = 2 × × 21 × 50
7
6. (A) Required number = 6600 cm2.
Volume of cuboid Area of the road = 6600 × 1500 cm2
=
Volume of 1 cube 9900000
= m2
27 × 18 × 12 10000
=
3×3×3 = 990 m2.
= 216. 14. (C) 1 m3 = 1000 l.
15. (A) ∵ 1000 cm3 = 1 l = 2 × (108 + 81 + 108)
1 = 2 × 297 = 594 mm2

∴ 1 cm3 = l
1000 Lateral surface area
= 2(l × h + b × h)
10000
∴ 10000 cm3 = l = 10 l. = 2 × (12 × 9 + 9 × 9)
1000
= 2 × (108 + 81)
16. (A) Area = Base × Height
= 2 × 189 = 378 mm2
= 96 × 24 = 2304 cm2.
Diagonal = l2 + b2 + h2
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 69
= 122 + 92 + 92
1. (i) l = 15 cm, b = 11 cm
Area of rectangle = l × b = 15 × 11 = 144 + 81 + 81 = 306
= 165 cm2 = 3 34 mm.
Perimeter of the rectangle (ii) The given solid is a cube.
= 2 × (l + b) Edge = a
= 2 × (15 + 11) Volume = a3
= 2 × 26 = 52 cm. Surface area = 6a2
(ii) l = 1.92 m, b = 0.66 m Lateral surface area = 4a2
Area of rectangle = l × b = 1.92 × 0.66
Diagonal = a 3 .
= 1.2672 m2.
2. (i) Side of square = a = 0.5 cm
Perimeter of the rectangle
∴ Area = a2 = 0.5 × 0.5
= 2 × (l + b)
= 0.25 cm2
= 2 × (1.92 + 0.66)
and perimeter = 4 × a = 4 × 0.5
= 2 × 2.58 = 5.16 m.
= 2.0 cm.
OR
(ii) Side of square = b = 1.1 cm.
(i) The given solid is a cuboid. Its
measurements are given below: ∴ Area = b2 = 1.1 × 1.1
Length l = 12 mm, = 1.21 cm2
Breadth b = 9 mm, and perimeter = 4 × b = 4 × 1.1
Height h = 9 mm. = 4.4 cm.
∴ Volume V = l × b × h = 12 × 9 × 9 3. l = 12.6 cm, A = 37.8 cm2, b = ?
= 972 mm3 A = l × b or 37.8 = 12.6 × b
Surface area = 2 × (lb + bh + hl) 37.8 378
∴ b= =
= 2 × (12 × 9 + 9 × 9 12.6 126
+ 9 × 12) = 3 cm.
M E N S U R A T I O N 125
OR In right triangle ADC,
()
Let constant of ratio be x. 2
a a
Then, l = 2x, b = x, h = 3x a 2 = h2 + (∵ CD = )
2 2
Total surface area = 2 × (lb + bh + hl)
a2 3 3
= 2 × (2x × x + x × 3x or h2 = a2 – = a2 ⇒ h = a
4 4 2
+ 3x × 2x)
= 2 × (2x2 + 3x2 + 6x2) 1
Now, area = × a × h = 36 3
2
= 22x2
1 3
This is given to be 88 m2. or ×a× a = 36 3
2 2
88
∴ 22x2 = 88 ⇒ x2 = =4 36 3 × 2 × 2
22 or a2 =
⇒ x = 2. 3
∴ l = 2x = 2 × 2 = 4, or a = 36 × 4 or a = 12
b = x = 2, c = 3x = 3 × 2 = 6. Thus, length of side is 12 m.
Therefore, the dimensions are 2 m, 4 m, 6. Let l = 3x and b = 2x
6 m.
Then, perimeter = 2(l + b)
Area
4. Length of a rectangle = = 2(3x + 2x) = 10x
Width
7200 m 2 But this is given to be 2500 cm
=
90 m
∴ 10x = 2500 cm
= 80 m.
This gives, x = 250
Thus, length of the rectangular field is
80 m. ∴ l = 3x = 3 × 250 = 750 cm
5. Side of a square = Area and b = 2x = 2 × 250 = 500 cm.
= 16900 = 169 × 100 OR
= 13 × 13 × 10 × 10 Base = Hypotenuse 2 – Side 2
= 13 × 10
= 13 2 – 5 2 = 169 – 25
= 130
= 144 = 12 × 12 = 12 cm
Thus, side of the square is 130 m.
1
OR Now, area = × Base × Height
2
Let length of side = a and height = h 1
= × 12 × 5 = 30 cm2.
The given triangle 2
is ABC. Draw 7. Side of square = 32 m
perpendicular AD ∴ Perimeter of the square
on BC.
= 4 × Side = 4 × 32
= 128 m
For rectangle, l = 8 m and b = 4 m In right ∆AMF,
∴ Perimeter of the rectangle AM 2 + MF 2 = AF 2
= 2 × (l + b) (Pythagoras property)
= 2 × (8 + 4) = 24 m.
or AM 2 + 5 2 = 112
Clearly, the square has larger perimeter
than that of the rectangle. ∴ AM 2 = 112 – 52
8. The floor is in the shape of a rectangle. = 121 – 25 = 96
∴ For the floor, l = 20 m and b = 8 m or AM = 4 6 cm
Area of the floor = l × b = 20 × 8 1
Now, area of ∆ABF = × AM × BF
= 160 m2 2
4 2 1
Side of a tile = 0.4 m = m= m = × 4 6 × 10
10 5 2
2 2 = 20 6 cm 2
Area of a tile = Side2 = ×
5 5 Since ∆ABF and ∆CDE are congruent
4 ∴ Area of ∆CDE = Area of ∆ABF
= m2
25
= 20 6 cm 2
Now, the required number of tiles
So, area of the given polynomial
Area of the floor
= = Area of ∆ABF + Area of rectangle
Area of a tile
160 25 BCEF + Area of ∆CDE
= = 160 ×
( )
4
25
4 = 20 6 + 240 + 20 6
2
= 240 + 40 6 = 40(6 + 6 ) cm .
= 40 × 25 = 1000.
9. Let the side of a square be a.
OR
Area of rectangle BCEF = BC × BF Then its area = a 2
= 24 × 10 But the area is given to be 14400 m 2
= 240 cm2 ∴ a 2 = 14400
∆ABF is an isosceles triangle with
or a 2 = 144 × 100 = 12 × 12 × 10 × 10
AB = AF = 11 cm
or a 2 = (12 × 10)2
∴ a = 12 × 10 = 120 m.
Now, perimeter = 4 × a = 4 × 120
= 480 m.
10 Thus, the perimeter of the square is
∴ BM = MF = cm = 5 cm 480 m.
2
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 70 = 6 × 3.1= 18.6 cm2.
3. l = 63 m, b = 18 m
85
1. Side a = 8.5 cm = cm
10 Perimeter = 2 × (l + b) = 2 × (63 + 18)
Area = a2 = ( )
85 2 85
10
=
10
×
85
10
= 2 × 81 = 162 m.
Required length of wire
= 72.25 cm 2
= 2 × Perimeter
85 340 = 2 × 162 = 324 m.
Perimeter = 4 × a = 4 × =
10 10
4. Perimeter of the field = 4 × Side
= 34 cm.
= 4 × 44.4
OR
= 177.60 m.
Let edge of a cube be b.
Distance covered by Chulbul
∴Surface area = 6b2 = 4056
= 4 × Perimeter
4056
∴ b2 = = 676 ∴ b = 26 m = 4 × 177.60
6
Now, volume = b3 = 263 = 26 × 26 × 26 = 710.40 m.
= 17576 m3. 5. Side of square a = 25 cm
2. Area of floor = Length × Breadth Area of the square = a2 = 252 = 25 × 25
= 18 × 12 = 625 m2.
Area of a tile = Length × Breadth ∵ Cost of cultivating on 100 m2 = ` 250
=3×2
250
Required number of tiles ∴ Cost of cultivating on 1 m2 = `
100
Area of floor ∴ Cost of cultivating on 625 m2
=
Area of a tile 250 15625
=` × 625 = `
18 × 12 100 10
= = 6 × 6 = 36
3×2 = ` 1562.50
Thus, 36 tiles are required to pave the Thus, the cost of cultivating the field is
floor. ` 1562.50.
OR OR
(i) Area of the parallelogram (i) Area of trapezium
= Base × Height Sum of parallel sides
= 3.2 × 2.4 × Distance between them
=
2
= 7.68 cm2.
(5 + 9) × 4
(ii) Area of the parallelogram = = 14 × 2
2
= Base × Height = 28 cm2.
(ii) Area of trapezium Area of a parallelogram = Base × Height
Sum of parallel sides
= 5.2 × 2
× Distance between them
=
2 = 10.4 cm2.
( 11 + 4 ) × 6 10. Base = 8.2 cm, area = 24.6 cm2
= = 15 × 3 = 45 cm2.
2 Area of a parallelogram = Base × Height
6. Let other side of the rectangle be x.
Area 24.6 246
Then, area = 22 × x ∴ Height = = =
Base 8.2 82
But this is given to be 836 sq.m. = 3 cm.
∴ 22 × x = 836 11. Area of the triangle
836 1
∴ = 38 m.
x = = × AB × AC
22 2
Perimeter of the rectangle
= 2 × (22 + 38)
= 2 × 60 = 120
Thus, the perimeter of the field is
120 m.
7. Area of a trapezium 1
= × 10 × 8 = 40 cm2.
Sum of parallel sides 2
× Distance between them
= WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 71
2
(2 + 3.2) × 8 1. Base = 11.2 cm, height = 4.4 cm
= = 5.2 × 4
2 Area of a parallelogram
= 20.8 m2 = Base × Height
8. d1 = 8 m, d2 = 3 m = 11.2 × 4.4 = 49.28 cm2.
d1 d 3
∴ = 4 m, 2 = m 1
2 2 2 2. Area = × Base × Height
2
1 1
Area = dd = ×8×3 1 sh
2 1 2 2 = ×s×h= square unit.
2 2
= 4 × 3 = 12 m2
3. Area = 507 m2, h = 13 m
( d2 ) + ( d2 )
2 2
1 2 9 1
Side = = 16 + Area = × Base × Height
4 2
73 8.54 2 × Area 2 × 507
= = = 4.27 m. ∴ Base = =
2 2 Height 13
9. Base = 5.2 cm, height = 2 cm = 2 × 39 = 78 m.
4. Sum of parallel sides = 1.8 m + 7.6 m = 2 × (60 + 36)
= 9.4 m = 2 × 96 = 192
and distance between them = 0.6 m Cost of fencing = Perimeter × Cost of
Area of a trapezium fencing perimeter
= 192 × 350 = 67200.
× Distance between them Thus, The cost of fencing around the
= field is ` 67200.
2
9.4 × 0.6 OR
= = 4.7 × 0.6 = 2.82 m2.
2 Area of floor = 6000 m2
5. d1 = 18.6 cm, d2 = 11.5 cm = 6000 × 100 × 100 cm2
1 Base of parallelogram = b = 12 cm
Area of rhombus = dd
2 1 2 and corresponding height = h = 10 cm.
1 Area of a tile = b × h = 12 × 10
= × 18.6 × 11.5
2
= 120 cm2
= 9.3 × 11.5
Required number of tiles
= 106.95 cm2.
Area of floor
6. Area = 192 m2,d1 = 16 m, d2 = ? =
Area of a tile
1 6000 × 100 × 100
Area = dd =
2 1 2 120
1 = 50 × 100 × 100.
∴ 192 = × 16 × d2
2 = 500000
192 × 2 Thus, 5, 00, 000 tiles are required to cover
∴ d2 = = 24.
16 the floor.
Thus, the length of the other diagonal 1 29
8. (i) Side a = 7 cm = cm
is 24 m. 4 4
7. Let constant of given ratio be x. Then 29 29
Area = Side2 = ×
4 4
length l = 5x and breadth b = 3x.
841 9
So, Area = l × b = 5x × 3x = 15x2 = = 52 cm2
16 16
This is given to be 2160 m2. 29
Perimeter = 4 × Side = 4 ×
2160 4
∴ 15x2 = 2160 ∴ x2 = = 144 = 29 cm.
15
or x= (ii) Side b = 2.5 cm
144 = 12
Area = Side2 = 2.5 × 2.5
∴ l = 5x = 5 × 12 = 60
= 6.25 cm 2
and b = 3x = 3 × 12 = 36
Perimeter = 4 × Side = 4 × 2.5
Now, perimeter = 2 × (l + b)
= 10 cm.
OR 2 × Area 2 × 431.20
∴ h= =
The given figure is a right circular b 78
cylinder. 862.40
= = 11.06 m.
34.3 78
r= = 17.15 cm, h = 8.3 cm
2 1
11. (i) Area of ∆ABC = × 14 × 12
22 2 2
Volume = πr 2h = × (17.15) × 8.3
7 = 7 × 12 = 84 cm2
22 Area of small square = 22 = 4 cm2
= × 17.15 × 17.15 × 8.3
7
∴ Area of shaded portion
= 22 × 2.45 × 17.15 × 8.3
= Area of ∆ABC
= 7672.40 cm3
– Area of small square
Curved surface area
= 84 – 4 = 80 cm2.
= 2πrh
(ii) The shaded portion represents six
22 equilateral triangles each of side 5 cm.
=2× × 17.15 × 8.3
7 Area of one such triangle
= 894.74 cm2.
3 3
9. ∆ABC is the given triangle. = × Side2 = × 52
4 4
Draw AD ⊥ BC 25 3
= cm2.
In right triangle ACD, 4
∴ Area of shaded portion
25 3
=6× cm2
4
75 3
= cm2.
2
OR
AC2 = AD2 + CD2 Join GD.
∴ AD2 = 102 – 52 = 100 – 25 Let A1 = Area of trapezium ABCH
= 75 = 5 × 5 × 3 and A2 = Area of rectangle CDGH.
∴ AD = 5 3 cm Areas of trapeziums ABCH and

GDEF are equal.
1 Sum of parallel sides
Now, Area of ∆ABC = × BC × AD
2 × Distance between them
A =
1 2
= × 10 × 5 3
2 (4 2 + 8 + 4 2) × 4
= 25 3 m2. =
2
1 = (8 + 8 2 ) × 2
10. ∵ Area = ×h×b
2 = 8 × (1 + 2) × 2
= 16(1 + 2 25 75
2 ) cm = 25 – =
4 4
5 3
∴ BD = cm
2
1
Now area of ∆ABC = × AC × BD
2
1 5 3
= ×5×
2 2
A2 = Length × Breadth = HC × CD
25 3
= cm2.
= (8 + 4 2 ) × 4 2 4
(ii) Area of trapezium
= 4 2 ( 2 + 1) × 4 2
= 32( 2 + 1) cm 2 × Distance between them
=
Now, area of ABCDEFGH 2
= 2A1 + A2 (BC + AD) × BF
=
2
= 2 × 16(1 + 2 ) + 32(1 + 2)
(10 + 20) × 8
= = 30 × 4
= 64(1 + 2 ) cm 2. 2
= 120 cm2.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 72
OR
1. Area of a trapezium
1
Sum of parallel sides (i) Area of ∆ABC = × AC × BD
× Distance between them 2
=
2 1
= × 20 × 8 = 80 cm2
(8 + 28) × 10 2
= = 36 × 5 = 180 cm2.
2 Area of small rectangle = 5 × 4 = 20 cm2
2. (i) Draw BD ⊥ AC
∴ Area of shaded portion = 80 – 20
5
So, BD = DC = cm = 60 cm2.
2
(ii) Area of parallelogram ABCD
= AB × EF = 20 × 3
= 60 cm2.
1
Area of ∆ABE = × AB × EF
2
In right ∆BDC, 1
= × 20 × 3 = 30 cm2.
BD2 + DC2 = BC2 2
()
2 ∴ Area of shaded portion = 60 – 30
5
∴ BD2 = BC2 – DC2 = 52 – = 30 cm2.
2
3. Let length of required side be x. Area of floor of the pool = l×b
Area of trapezium = 30 × 10
Sum of parallel sides = 300 m2
× Distance between them Area of walls of the pool
=
2 = 2(l + b) × h
(75 + x ) × 80
or 4400 = = 2(30 + 10) × 6
2
4400 = 2 × 40 × 6 = 480 m2
or 75 + x = or x = 110 – 75 = 35
40 Total area of the floor and walls
Thus, the length of the required side is
= 300 + 480 = 780 m2
35 m.
Cost of cementing = ` 14 × 780
OR
= ` 10920.
ABCD is the given quadrilateral. We
have to find AC. 5. Area = 2670.5 sq.m, b = 98 m, h = ?
Area of ABCD = Area of ∆ABC 1 2 × Area
+ Area of ∆ADC Area = bh gives h =
2 b
2 × 2670.5
∴ h = = 2 × 27.25
98
= 54.50
Thus, height is 54.50 metres.
6. Let initially, base = b and height = h.
1 1
∴ 342 = × AC × 12 + × AC × 12 b
2 2 Then finally, base = and height = 3 h
2
or 342 = 12AC
1 bh
342 So initially, area = A1 = ×b×h=
or AC = = 28.5 2 2
12
1 b
Thus, length of the other diagonal is and finally, area = A2 = × × 3h
28.5 m. 2 2
4. Area of floor = Length × Breadth 3bh
=
= 18 × 12 = 216 m2 4
Dividing A2 by A1,
Area of a tile = 2 × 1 = 2 m2
Area of floor 3bh
Required number of tiles = A2 3bh 3
Area of a tile 4 2
= = × =
216 A1 bh 4 bh 2
= = 108 2
2
Thus, 108 tiles are required to pave the 3
or A2 = A1
floor. 2
3
OR Hence, area of the triangle will be
2
l = 30 m, b = 10 m, h = 6 m times.
OR (ii) Area of polygon ABCD
Area of a square = Side2 = Area of ∆ABC + Area of ∆ACD
∴ Side2 = 1225
=5×5×7×7
∴ Side = 5 × 7 = 35
Thus, length of the side of the square is
35 m.
1 1
7. Area = 840 cm2, d1 = 14 cm, d2 = ? = AC × BN + AC × DM
2 2
1
Area = d × d2 1
2 1 = AC(BN + DM)
2
2 × Area 2 × 840
∴ d2 = = = 120 1
d1 14 = × 8 × (3 + 2) = 20 cm2.
2
Therefore, the measure of other diagonal
is 120 cm. (iii) Area of trapezia ABCD and HEFG
are same as they are congruent.
OR
l = 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 = 32, b = 8 cm, h = 8 cm
Volume = l × b × h = 32 × 8 × 8
= 2048 cm3
Surface area = 2(lb + bh + hl)
= 2 × (32 × 8 + 8 × 8 + 8 × 32) ∴ Area of ABCDEFGH
= 2 × 576 = 1152 cm2. = 2 × Area of trapezium HEFG
8. (i) The given polygon is made up of 6 + Area of rectangle ADEH
equilateral triangles. (6 + 12) × 2
=2× + 6 × 12
Height of one such triangle 2
= 36 + 72 = 108 cm2.
()
2
3 3 3 9. (i) Let old side = a
= 32 – = cm
2 2
Then new side = 2a
∴ Area of one triangle Old area = a2
1 3 3 9 3 New area = (2a)2 = 4a2
= × 3× = cm2
2 2 4 New area 4a2
So, = 2 =4
∴ Area of the polygon Old area a
or new area = 4 × Old area
9 3 27 3 Thus, the new area will be four
=6× = cm2.
4 2 times.
(ii) Let old length = l WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 73
and old breadth = b 1. l = 4 m, b = 3 m, h = 1 m
Then new length = 2l Surface area = 2(lb + bh + hl)
and new breadth = 2b = 2(4 × 3 + 3 × 1 + 1 × 4)
∴ Old area = l × b = 2 × (12 + 3 + 4) = 2 × 19
and new area = 2l × 2b = 4l × b = 38 m 2.
New area 4l × b 2. l = 1 m, b = 0.8 m, h = 0.3
So, = l×b = 4
Old area Total surface area
or New area = 4 × Old area = Outer surface area
+ Inner surface area
Thus, the new area of the rectangle
= 2 × Outer surface area
will be four times.
= 2 × (lb + 2bh + 2hl)
OR
= 2 × (0.8 + 0.48 + 0.6)
(i) Let old base = b and old altitude = h
= 2 × 1.88 = 3.76 m2.
Then new base = 2b
3. l = 12 m, b = 8 m, h = 5 m
and new altitude = 2h
Area of walls = 2 × (l + b) × h
∴ Old area = bh
= 2 × (12 + 8) × 5
and new area = 2b × 2h = 4bh
= 2 × 20 × 5 = 200 m2
New area 4bh
So, = =4 Area of ceiling = l × b = 12 × 8 = 96 m2
Old area bh
or new area = 4 × Old area Total area of the walls and ceiling
Thus, the new area will be four = 200 m2 + 96 m2
times. = 296 m2
(ii) Let old base = b and old height = h ∵ 8 m2 can be painted by 1 can
Then new base = 2b 1

∴ 1 m2 can be painted by can
8
and new height = 2h 1
1 ∴ 296 m2 can be painted by × 296
∴ Old area =bh 8
2 cans or 37 cans
1 Thus, 37 cans of paint will be required.
and new area = × 2b × 2h = 2bh
2 OR
New area 2bh Area of region A1B1C1 D1E1F1
So, = =4
Old area 1
bh = Area of A 1 E 1 F 1 + Area of
2
A1B1D1 E1 + Area of B1C1D1
or new area = 4 × Old area.
Thus, the new area will be four 1 1
= π × 452 + 902 + π × 452
times. 2 2
Cost of levelling = ` 960 × 2
= ` 1920.
5. Area of walls = 57.4 m2
∴ 2 × (l + b) × h = 57.4
1 22 or 2 × (5 + 3.2) × h = 57.4
= × × 45 × 45 × 2 + 90 × 90
2 7
57.4
= 6364.29 + 8100 = 14464.29 m2 ∴ h= = 3.5 m.
2 × 8.2
Area of region A2B2C2D2E2F2 6. Let side = a ∴ 6a2 = 150
= Area of A2E2F2 150

∴ a2 = = 25 or a = 5 m.
6
+ Area of A2B2 D2E2
7. r = 14 cm, h = 20 cm
+ Area of B2C2D2
Curved surface area = 2πrh
1 22
= π × (45 + 14)2 + (90 + 28) × 90 = 2× × 14 × 20
2 7
1 = 1760 cm2.
+ × π × (45 + 14)2
2
1 22 84
= × × 59 × 59 × 2 + 118 × 90 8. h = 350 cm, r = cm = 42 cm
2 7 2
= 10940.29 + 10620 = 21560.29 m2 Area covered to level the road
= Curved surface area of the roller
Now, area of the shaded portion
× Number of revolutions
= 21560.29 – 14464.29 = 7096 m2. = 2πrh × 500
4. Total surface area of the room 22
=2× × 42 × 350 × 500
= 2(lb + bh + hl) 7
= 44 × 6 × 175000 = 46200000 cm2
= 2(12 × 5 + 5 × 3 + 3 × 12)
46200000 2
= 2 × 111 = 222 m2 = m = 4620 m2.
10000
Cost of white washing = ` 222 × 3
9. Edge of the cube = a = 45 mm = 4.5 cm
= ` 666. Space covered by the cube
OR = Volume = a3
Area of the garden = Base × Height = 4.53 = 4.5 × 4.5 × 4.5
= 60 × 16 = 960 m2 = 91.125 cm3.
112 3. Volume of resulting cuboid
10. r = cm = 56 cm, h = 150 cm =l×b×h
2
= (8 + 8 + 8) × 8 × 8
Volume of cylinder = πr2h
= 1536 cm3.
22
= × 56 × 56 × 150 4. Let l = 5x, b = 3x and h = 2x.
7
= 1478400 cm3. Then, l × b × h = 5x × 3x × 2x = 30000
11. Let height of the raised platform be hm. 30000
or x3 = 5 × 3 × 2 = 1000 or x = 10
Volume of platform
∴ l = 5x = 50, b = 3x = 30
= Volume of earth dug out and h = 2x = 20.
or ( )
11 × 4 × h = π 1
3 2
4
× 16 Thus, dimensions are: 50 cm, 30 cm,
20 cm.
22 7 7 OR
or 44h = × × × 16
7 4 4
Area of a trapezium
154
or 44h = 154 or h= Sum of parallel sides × Height
44 =
2
or h = 3.5 2 × 65 1
Thus, the height of the raised platform ∴ Height = 13 + 26 = 3 cm.
3
is 3.5 m. 5. l = 300 cm, b = 250 cm, h = 8 cm
OR Volume = l × b × h = 300 × 250 × 8
Required area = 600000 cm3
Weight = 600000 × 9 = 5400000 grams
= Area(rectangle ABCD)
= 5400 kg.
+ Area(semicircle)
OR
( )
2
1 BC
= AB × BC + π × Volume = l × b × h = 720 cm3
2 2
∴ 10 × 8 × h = 720
1 22
= 30 × 14 + × ×7×7 720
2 7 This gives, h = 10 × 8 = 9 cm.
= 420 + 77 = 497 m2.
6. Volume = πr2h = 1.47 × 1000000
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 74
( )
2
22 70
or × × h = 1470000
1. Volume of a cuboid = l × b × h 7 2
= 12 × 3.5 × 2.4 1470000 × 7 × 2 × 2
This gives, h =
22 × 70 × 70
= 100.8 cm3.
= 381.82 cm.
2. Volume of a cube = a3 = 5.53
7. Since the rainwater falls 10 cm,
= 5.5 × 5.5 × 5.5 Therefore the height of water level on
= 166.375 cm3. the roof is 10 cm.
(i) ∴ Volume of rainwater (ii) The given solid is a cuboid with
= (70 × 100) × (44 × 100) × 10 measures:
= 308000000 cm3 = 308 m3. l = 6 cm, b = 4 cm, h = 5 cm
Volume = l × b × h = 6 × 4 × 5
308 = 120 cm3.
(ii) Rise in water level =
22
× 14 2 Total surface area
7
= 2 × (lb + bh + hl)
= 0.5 m = 50 cm.
= 2 × (24 + 20 + 30)
14
8. r = m = 7 m, h = 50 m. = 148 cm2
2
Lateral surface area = 2 × (l + b) × h
A well is in the form of right circular
cylinder. = 2 × 10 × 5
∴ Volume of earth taken out = πr2h = 100 cm2.
22 11. Let edge of the cube formed be a.
= × 7 × 7 × 50 = 7700 m3.
7 Volume of the cube formed
22 = Sum of volumes of three given
9. πr2h = 2870 ⇒ × 7 × 7 × h = 2870
7 cuboids
2870 3
or a = 840 + 896 + 156 = 1892
∴h= = 18.64 cm.
22 × 7
or a = 12.37 cm (approx.).
OR
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 75
84000 3
Volume = 84000 l = m = 84 m3 1. (i) Area of shaded portion
1000
= π × 72 – π × 3.52
Let depth of the water = h.
22
Now, 6 × 3.5 × h = 84 = × (49 – 12.25)
7
84 = 115.50 cm2.
∴ h= = 4 m.
6 × 3.5 (ii) Area of shaded portion
10. (i) The given solid is a cube with edge = π × 102 – π × 22
a = 7.5 m 22
= × (100 – 4)
Volume = a3 = 7.5 × 7.5 × 7.5 7
= 421.875 m3 = 301.71 cm2.
Total surface area = 6a2 2. Volume = πr2h = 1408
= 6 × 7.5 × 7.5 22
or × r2 × 7 = 1408
7
= 337.50 m2 1408
∴ r2 = or r = 8 cm
Lateral surface area = 4a2 22
= 4 × 7.5 × 7.5 Lateral surface area = 2πrh
= 225 m2. 22
=2× × 8 × 7 = 352 cm2.
7
3. Let raise in height of the plot be h. 22
Volume of plot 7. Volume = πr2h = × 2.8 × 2.8 × 20
7
= Volume of earth dug out = 492.80 cm3.
22 Curved surface area = 2πrh
or 10 × 8 × h = × 72 × 8
7
22
or 80h = 1232 =2× × 2.8 × 20
7
1232
∴ h= = 15.4 m. = 352 cm2.
80
OR
OR
Let the edge of the cube be a. a = 50 cm = 0.5 m
Volume of cube = a3 = 800 × 80 × 64 Volume of ice = a3 = (0.5)3
= 8 × 100 × 8 × 10 × 8 × 8 = 0.125 m3
∴ a = 2 × 8 × 10 = 160 cm Weight of the ice = 0.125 × 900 kg

Surface area of the cube = 6a2 = 112.5 kg.
= 6 × 160 × 160 8. a3 = 343 ⇒ a3 = 7 × 7 × 7 ⇒ a = 7 cm
= 153600 cm2. Surface area = 6a2 = 6 × 7 × 7 = 294 cm2.
4. Total surface area = 2πrh + 2πr2 OR
= 2πr(h + r) In the pool, length of water = 250 m,
22 breadth of water =130 m.
=2× × 49 × (160 + 49)
7
Let height of water level = h
= 308 × 209 = 64372 cm2.
OR So, 250 × 130 × h = 3250
h = 3 m, 2(l + b) = 30 m or l + b = 15 m 3250
∴ h= = 0.1 m = 10 cm.
250 × 130
Area of four walls = 2 × (l + b) × h
9. (i) The given solid is a cylinder
= 2 × 15 × 3
22
= 90 m2. Volume = πr2h = × 3.5 × 3.5 × 8.4
7
5. Total surface area = 6a2 = 6 × 9 × 9 = 323.40 mm3
= 486 cm2 Curved surface area = 2πrh
22
Volume = a3 = 9 × 9 × 9 =2× × 3.5 × 8.4
7
= 729 cm3. = 184.8 mm2
Total surface area = 2πrh + 2πr2
New volume ( 2a )3
6. = =8 22
Old volume a3 = 184.8 + 2 × × 3.52
7
Thus, the volume will be 8 times. = 261.80 mm2.
(ii) The given solid is a hollow cylinder. Total surface area
r1 = 7 cm, r2 = 9 cm = 2π(r1 + r2)h + 2π(r22 – r12)
22
Volume = π(r22 – r12) h = 2816 + 2 × × (92 – 72)
7
22 = 3017.14 cm2.
= × (92 – 72 ) × 28
7 10. h = 13 m, 2(l + b) = 430 m
= 2816 cm3 or l + b = 215 m
Curved surface area = 2π(r1 + r2) h Area of four walls = 2 × (l + b) × h
22 = 2 × 215 × 13
=2× × (7 + 9) × 28
7 = 5590 m2.
= 2816 cm2 ❏❏
Chapter
12 EXPONENTS AND POWERS

WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 76 1
= (32 – 23) ÷ 42 = 1 ÷ 16 = .
16
1. (B) ∵ In ab, exponent is b 11. (A) am × bm = (a × b)m = (ab)m.
∴ In 107, exponent is 7. 12. (B) 0.000725 = 7.25 ÷ 10000
2. (D) 35 = 3 × 3 × 3 × .....five times = 7.25 × 10 – 4.
= 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3. 3
13. (C) 3 × 10 – 5 km = km
1 1 100000
3. (B) ∵ a –1 = ∴ 10 – 1 = .
a 10 = 0.00003 km.
14. (A) 33 + 33 + 33 = 33(1 + 1 + 1)
()
–4
1
4. (D) = (2 – 1)– 4 = 2(–1) × (– 4) = 24 = 33 × 3 = 34.
2
= 16. 1
15. (B) kg = 1.0 × 10 – 7 kg.
5. (D) ∵ a0 = 1 for a ≠ 0 10000000
∴ (2– 1 + 3– 1 + 4– 1)0 = 1 16. (C) 4.52 × 104 = 4.52 × 10000 = 45200.
(∵ 2– 1 + 3– 1 + 4– 1 ≠ 0) 17. (D) (– 1)1 = – 1, (– 1)2 = 1
and (– 1)3 = – 1
() () () ()
–6 –5 6 –5
3 7 7 7
6. (D) × = × ∴ (– 1)1 = (– 1)2 = (– 1)3 is false.
7 3 3 3
18. (B) 0.00000000000792 = 7.92 × 10 – 12.
= ( )
6–5
7 7
= . 19. (A) 1.00007 × 108 = 1.00007 × 100000000
3 3
7. (C) (– 7– 3 ÷ 7– 8) ÷ 75 = 100007000.
1 1 1 1
= – 3 ÷ 8  × 20. (C) 1 nanometre =
1000000000
m
 7 7  75
1
 1  1 1 = m = 1 × 10 – 9 m.
=  – 3 × 78  × 5
= – 75 × 5 10 9
7 7 7
= – 1.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 77
1
8. (C) 77 ÷ 7– p = 710 ⇒ 77 × = 710 –2
7 –p  1  1
1. (i) 2 – 2 = (2)– 2 =  – 1  = .
⇒ 7 7 + p = 710 ⇒ 7 + p = 10 ⇒ p = 3. 2 22
9. (B) At x = 2, 1
(ii) 10 – 100 = .
x(xx) – x = 2 × (22) – 2 = 8 – 2 = 6. 10100
{( ) ( ) } ( )
–2 –3 –2 2. (i) 1002 = 100 × 100 = 10000.
1 1 1
10. (A) – ÷
3 2 4 (ii) 304 = 30 × 30 × 30 × 30 = 810000.
E X P O N E N T S A N D P O W E R S 141
() () () ()
–2 3 – 2 +3 1
2 2 2
( –21 ) ( ) × ( –21 )
5 3 2 2
–1 = × = =
3. (i) × 3 3 3 3
2
2 .
= ( ) = ( ) = ( )
5+3+2 10 10 =
–1 –1 1 3
2 2 2 7. (i) (40 + 30) ÷ (20 + 50) = (1 + 1) ÷ (1 + 1)
= (2 – 1)10 = 2 – 10. = 2 ÷ 2 = 1.
( ) ×( ) ×( )
–7 –3 5
–1 –1 –1 0 0 0
(ii) 6 × 5 × 2 = 1 × 1 × 1 = 1.
(ii)
2 2 2
( 35 ) = 5 × 35
4 4
= ( ) = ( )
–7 – 3+ 5 –5 8. (i) (– 5)4 × 4 = 34
–1 –1 4
2 2 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 81.
5
()
2
=  
–2
= (– 2)5 = (–1)5 × 25 1
 –1 (ii) × 6 – 4 = 62 × 6 – 4
6
()
= – 25.  1 –n

∵ a = an 
( 161 ) ÷ ( 161 ) = 16 
–7 4 7
7 16
4. (i) ÷ 16 – 4 =
16 – 4 1 1
= 6 2– 4 = 6 – 2 = = .
= 16 7 + 4 = 1611. 6 2 36
( ) ( ) = 35 ) = ( 35 ) .
(
3
3 OR
3 –1 4
3 3
(ii) ÷ (i) (4 – 1 – 5 – 1) ÷ 3 – 1
5
(5)5 –1
5. (i) 20 + 10 = 1 + 1 = 2. = ( 14 – 51 ) ÷ 31 = 520– 4 × 3
(ii) (30 + 10) × (20 + 10) 1 3
= ×3= .
20 20
= (1 + 1) × (1 + 1) = 4.
28
(ii) (3 – 1 × 4 – 1) × 5 – 1 = ( 31 × 41 ) × 51
6. (i) 28 ÷ 2 – 4 = = 2 8 + 4 = 212.
2– 4 1×1×1 1
= = .
3×4×5 60
( 61 ) ÷ ( 61 )
–7 4
67
(ii) = 67 ÷ 6 – 4 = 4.579
6– 4 9. (i) 0.4579 = = 4.579 × 10 – 1.
10
= 6 7 + 4 = 611.
2.1 2.1
(ii) 0.0000021 = =
1000000 106
( ) ÷ ( 23 )  × ( 23 )
7 9 3
 2
(iii)  = 2.1 × 10 – 6.
 3
OR
( ) ( ) = (2)
7
 2 
 
()
3 7– 9 3
3 2 2 Let the required number be x.
= 9 × ×
() 3 3
() ()
3 –2 –1
 2  5 7
 3  Then x × =
3 3
()
2
3 3 2.1 2.1
or x× = (ii) 0.0021 = = = 2.1 × 10 – 3.
5 7 1000 10 3
9x 3 3 25 4. (i) 3.2 × 103 = 3.2 × 1000 = 3200.
or = or x= ×
25 7 7 9 (ii) 1.1 × 107 = 1.1 × 10000000
25 = 11000000.
or x=
21
( 53 )
–2 OR
Thus, should be multiplied by
2.1
25 Thickness = 0.21 mm = mm
. 10
21
= 2.1 × 10 – 1 mm.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 78
( ) ( ) ( 31 )
3 –6 2x – 1
1 1
5. (i) × =
( )
3
1 1 3 1 3 3
1. (i) (2 – 1 ÷ 1– 3)3 =  ÷ 3  = ÷1
( 31 ) = ( 31 )
2 1  2 3–6 2x – 1
or
( ) = 81 .
3
1
= Comparing the exponents as the bases
2
are same, we get
(ii)  ( ) ÷( )  ÷ ( )
–1 –1 –1
 –8 16  4
3 – 6 = 2x – 1 or 2x = – 2
 13 5  5
or x = – 1.
= ( ÷ ) ÷
– 13 5 5 (ii) x × (– 5)4 ÷ x2 = 5
8 16 4
625x 625 5
= ( × ) ×
– 13 16 4 – 26 4 or 2
= 5 or = .
= × x x 1
8 5 5 5 5
Cross-multiplying, 5x = 625
– 104
= . or x = 125.
25
( ) ( ) ( ) 
2 3
() () ()
–1 2 4 2
2 2
 3  3 –2  –3 –3   3
2. (i) =   = 2 . 6. (i)  ×  ÷  4
3  2  4 4
= (
4 )
÷ ( )
4+ 2 2×3
–3
( ) ()
 –2 –1 2

2 3
3
(ii)  ×  4
 3 2
= ( ) ÷ ( ) = ( ) ÷ ( )
6 6 6 6
–3 3 3 3
( ) × ( 32 ) 
–1 2 2
 2 4 4 4 4
=  ( – 1 )– 1 ×
 3 = 1.
=  –1 × ( ) × ( ) 
–1 –2 2
 
( ) ( ) ÷ 14
2 2 1 5
1 4
 3 3  (ii) ÷
4 4
= (– 1) ×  ( )  = ( )
–3 2 –6
 2  2
= ( ) × ( ) × ( )
2 . 5 –4 –1
1 1 1
 3  3
4 4 4
8.24 8.24
= ( ) = ( ) = 1.
3. (i) 0.0000824 = = 1 1 5– 4–1 0
100000 10 5
4 4
= 8.24 × 10 – 5.
7. ∵ () () ()
a
b
=
3 –2
2
÷
6 0
7
=
2 2
3
÷1 ∴ Reciprocal of {( ) ( ) }
1
3
–2
÷
4
5
–3
()=
2 2
3 =
125
.
() () () ()
a –3
 2 2
–3
2 –6 3 6 576
∴ =   = =
 3 
() ()
b 3 2 –3 –4
1 1
729 (ii) ∵ × = 23 × 24 = 27 = 128
= 2 2
64
OR
5.64 5.64
∴ Reciprocal of {( ) ( ) }
1
2
–3
×
1
2
–4
=
1
128
.
(i) 0.000000564 = =
10000000 107 WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 79
= 5.64 × 10 – 7.
( 71 ) × ( 71 )
( 71 ) = 7
–3 –4 –7
(ii) 9871 × 10 – 4 = 9.871 × 1000 × 10 – 4 7
1. (i) ∵ =
= 9.871 × 103 × 10 – 4
∴ Reciprocal of { ( ) × ( ) }
= 9.871 × 10 – 1. –3 –4
1 1
() () ()
7 –5
7 m
7 –2 7 7
8. × =
6 6 6 1
= = 7 – 7.
( 76 ) = ( 76 )
– 5+m –2 77
() () () ()
3
or 2 5
2 –2
2 5–2 2
(ii) ∵ × = =
Comparing exponents as the bases are 3 3 3 3
∴ Reciprocal of { ( ) × ( ) } =
same, we have 2 2 1 5 –2
–5 + m = – 2 or m = –2 + 5
( 23 )
3
3 3
or m = 3.
9. Let the required number be x.
( ) ( ).
–3 3
2 3
Then,
()3 –2
5 = 25 or
()
5 2
3 =
25
=
3
=
2
x x 1 OR
() () ()
25 2 –2
2 –2
2 –2
Cross-multiplying, 25x = (i) × ×
9 5 5 5
1 1
or x = = 2 = 3 –2
= ( ) = ( ) = ( ) .
–2–2–2 –6 6
9 3 2 2 5
( ) should be divided by 3 5 5 2
–2
3 – 2.
Thus,
(ii) ( ) × ( ) × ( ) × ( )
5 –1 –1 –1 –1
1 1 1 1
10. (i) ∵ ( ) ÷ ( ) = 3 × ( )
–2 –3 3
1 4 4 2 3 3 3 3
3 5 5
= ( ) = ( ) =3.
– 1– 1– 1 – 1 –4
1 1 4
64 576
=9× = 3 3
125 125
( 23 )
–2
6. (i) Thickness of a paper
2. (i) (5 – 1 – 8 – 1) ÷
3.5
= ( – ) × ( ) =
1 1 2 8–5 4 2 = 0.35 mm =
mm
× 101
5 8 3 40 9
= 3.5 × 10 – 1 mm.
3 4 1 (ii) Size of bacteria = 0.000008 mm
= × = .
40 9 30 = 8.0 × 10 – 6 mm.
( ) ( ) = 1 × 2 = 4.
0 –2 (iii) Size of a plant cell = 0.00001475 m
4 1 2
(ii) ×
5 2 1.475 1.475
= m= m
100000 10 5
( 72 ) × ( 149 ) =  xy 
–6 –6 –6
3. = 1.475 × 10 – 5 m.
() ()
–6 –6 –6
( 72 × 149 ) =  xy 

–6 –6 2 2  x
7. × =  
or 5 5  y
()
[∵ am × bm = (ab)m]  2 –6

2
 x
–6
or  5  =  y 
()
–6 –6
4  x
or =  
9  y
 ( 5 ) 
–6
 2  2
x –6
or =  
x 4  y
Comparing, y = 9. Comparing the bases of both sides as
OR exponents are same, we get
( 25 )
2
(i) 5.8 × 102 = 5.8 × 100 = 580. x x 4
= or = .
y y 25
3.25 3.25
(ii) 3.25 × 10 – 7 = =
10 7 10000000 8. (i) (6 – 1 – 8 – 1) – 1 + (2 – 1 – 3 – 1) – 1
( 61 – 81 ) + ( 21 – 31 )
= 0.000000325. –1 –1
=
2.2 2.2
4. (i) 0.00022 = = = 2.2 × 10 – 4.
+ (
6 )
10000 10 4
= (
24 )
–1 –1
4–3 3–2
(ii) 5240000 = 5.240000 × 1000000
= ( ) + ( ) = 24 + 6 = 30.
= 5.24 × 106. 1 1–1 –1
5. (i) 3.48 × 105 = 3.48 × 100000 = 348000. 24 6
+8 )÷ ( ) = ( + ) ÷
1.54 1.54 2 1 1–1
3
(ii) 1.54 × 10 – 4 = = (ii) (4 – 1 –1
10 4 10000 3 4 8 2
= 0.000154. 2+1 2
= ×
8 3
4 4
(iii) 4 × 10 – 5 = = = 0.00004.
10 5 100000 3 2 1
= × = .
8 3 4
() () () ()
9. Let (– 8) – 1 be multiplied by x. 5 –7
8 –5
7 7
5 5
3. (i) × = ×
Then x × (– 8) – 1 = 10 – 1 7 5 5 8
x 1 –8 –4 77 × 55 77
or = or x = or x= = =
–8 10 10 5 52 × 85
57 × 8 5
–4
Thus, the required number is . 7×7×7×7×7×7×7
5 =
5×5×8×8×8×8×8
10. Size of a blue tablet = 0.00005 m
= 500 × 10 – 7 m 823543
= .
819200
Size of a red tablet = 0.0000175 m
() () () ()
–2 –3 2 3
= 175 × 10 – 7 m 3 7 7 6
(ii) × = ×
7 6 3 7
Clearly, size of the blue tablet is larger
by (500 × 10 –7 – 175 × 10 – 7)m, 7 2 × 63 (3 × 2)3
= =
i.e., 3.25 × 10 – 5 m. 32 × 7 3 32 × 7
500 × 10 – 7 m 33 × 23 3×8
Ratio of their sizes = = =
175 × 10 – 7 m 2
3 ×7 7
20 24
= = 20 : 7. = .
7 7
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 80
1
8– 1 × 53 × 53 24 × 53
8
() () ()
1 –1
1 –1
1 –1 4. (i) = =
1. (i) ÷ ÷ 2– 4 1 8
2 3 4 2 4
1 1 1 16 × 125
=2÷3÷4=2× × = . = = 2 × 125 = 250.
3 4 6 8
(ii) (5 – 1 × 2 – 1) ÷ 6 – 1 = ( 1 1
×
5 2 ) ÷
1
6
(ii)
25 × a – 4
5 – 3 × 10 × a – 8
1 3
=×6= . 1 1
10 5 = 25 × × 53 × × a8
a 4 10
2. Let (– 15) – 1 be divided by x.
25 × 5 3 a8 5 × 125
(– 15)– 1 = × 4 = × a4
Then, = (– 5)– 1 10 a 2
x
1 625 4
= a .
– 15 1 1 1 2
or = or =
x –5 – 15x –5 5. Let (– 12)– 1 should be divided by x.
()
1 (–12)– 1 2 –1
1 3
Cross-multiplying, –15x = – 5 or x = Then, = or =
3 x – 12x 2
3
1
Thus, the required number is . Cross-multiplying, – 36x = 2
3
()
2 –1 1 6
or x= = 1 2
– 36 18 ∴ = =
()x –6 3
2
–1 3
So, the required number is .
18
× = ( ) × ( )
6 6
1 1 2 2
( –23 ) should be divided by x. So
–3
6. Let x x 3 3
= ( ) or x = ( )
1 12 12
2 2
( 2 )
–3 –2
–3 or 2 .
x
= ( )
–2 3 3
4
Then, OR
x 27
( ) ( )
3
 2  1 1 3
1 3
( )
 – 3  2 (i) (3 – 1 ÷ 6 – 1)3 = ÷ = ×6
27 3 6 3
or =
x 4
= 23 = 8.
8 27 × 27 (ii) (4 – 1 + 5 – 1) ÷ 3 – 1
or =
– 27x 4×4
Cross-multiplying,
– 27 × 27 × 27x = 8 × 4 × 4
= ( 14 + 51 ) ÷ 31 = ( 520+ 4 ) × 3
8×4×4 – 128 9×3 27
∴ x = = = = .
– 27 × 27 × 27 19683 20 20
– 128 1
Thus, the required number is . 1
19683 9. (i) 6 – 1 = = .
61 6
( ) ( ) ( 31 )
–5 – 10 3x
1 1
()
7. × = 1 –1
1 1 4
3 3 (ii) = = = .
( 14 ) 1 1
1
4
or ( ) = ( )
– 5 + (– 10) 3x
1 1 4
3 3
( 31 ) = ( 31 ) ( ) ( )
– 15 3x 3 3
1 1 1
or 10. (i) (5 – 1 ÷ 6 – 1)3 = ÷ = ×6
5 6 5
Comparing the exponents as bases are
( ) = 56 ×× 65 ×× 65
3
same, we get 6
=
5
– 15
– 15 = 3x or x = = –5
3 216
Thus, x = – 5. = .
125
() ()
2 –4
( 31 × 41 ) = ( 121 )
3 2 –1 –1
8. x = ×
2 3 (ii) (3 –1 × 4 – 1) – 1 =
= ( ) × ( ) = ( )
–2 –4 –6
2 2 2
= 12.
3 3 3
OR 7.54 7.54
4. (i) 7.54 × 10 – 4 = =
1 1 10 4 10000
(i) 6 –2 = 2
= .
6 36 = 0.000754.
1 1 3 3
(ii) (– 4) – 2 = = . (ii) 3 × 10 – 5 = = = 0.00003.
(– 4) 2 16 10 5 100000
1
( ) ( )=
–4 4
1 7 5. (i) × 6 – 7 × 36 = 6 2 × 6 – 7 × 6 2
(iii) = 74 =7×7×7×7 6 –2
7 1
= 6 2 –7+ 2 = 6 –3
= 2401.
1
= 3.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 81 6
1 1 1 1
1. (i) 52x ÷ 5 – 3 = 55 (ii) 2 × 49 × = 2 × 72 × – 3
7 7 –3 7 7
52x
or = 55 or 5 2x + 3 = 55. 1
5 –3 = = 7 3.
7 –3
Comparing the exponents as bases are
( )
–1
same, we get –3
6. (i) (– 4)– 1 ×
2x + 3 = 5 or 2x = 5 – 3 = 2 2
1
or x = 1. 1  2  = 1 × 2
= ×  – 3 
(– 4)1 –4 –3
() ()
2 –4
3 2
2. x = × 2 2 1
2 3 = = = .
(– 4) × (– 3) 12 6
x = ( ) × ( ) = ( )
2 4 6
3 3 3
() () () ()
or 3 –1
5 –1
5 1
2 1
2 2 2 (ii) × = ×
5 2 3 5
∴ (x) =  ( )  or x = ( )
6 –3 – 18
 3 
–3 3 –3 .
 2  2 5 2 2
= × = .
3 5 3
1
3. (i) 1 micron = metre
( ) ( )
1000000 2 2
1 1 1
7. (i) (4 –1 × 3 – 1)2 = × =
1.0 4 3 12
= metre
106 1 1 1
= × = .
= 1.0 × 10 –6 metre.. 12 12 144
( ) ( )
(ii) Size of bacteria = 0.0000005 metre 1 1 –1
3+2 –1
(ii) (2 – 1 + 3 – 1) – 1 = + =
5.0 5.0 2 3 6
= metre = metre
10000000 107
( 65 ) = ( 65 ) = 65 .
–1 1
= 5.0 × 10 – 7 metre. =
8. {( ) } ( )
2
3
2 3
×
1
3
–4
× 3 –1 × 6 –1
(iv) 105 ÷ 1010 × 10 – 5
= 105 × 10 – 10 × 10 – 5
( 101 )
10
26 1 = 10 5 – 10 – 5 = 10 – 10 = .
= 6 × – 4 × 3 – 1 × (2 × 3) – 1
3 3
OR
26 × 1 × 3 – 1 × 2 – 1 × 3 – 1
( ) ( 73 ) = ( 73 )
= 21 2x
36 × 3 – 4 3
(i) ÷
25 7
= 26 – 1 × 3 – 1 – 1 – 6 + 4 = 25 × 3 – 4 =
34
( 73 ) = ( 73 )
21– 1 2x
or
2×2×2×2×2 32
= = .
3×3×3×3 81
( 73 ) = ( 73 )
20 2x
or
OR
() () 5 2
2 –4 Comparing the exponents as the bases
x= × are same, we get
2 5
20 = 2x or x = 10.
x= ( ) × ( ) = ( ) ()
2 4 2+ 4 6
5 5 5 5
or =
() ()
3 2x
2 2 2 2 1 1 1
(ii) × =
5 5 5
( )  ( 52 )
6 –2 – 12
 5
∴ (x)– 2 =  or x – 2 = .
( 51 ) () () ()
3 +1 2x 4 2x
 2 1 1 1
or = or =
5 5 5
()
10 –3
6 10 – 7 = 6 3 = 1
9. (i) 610 ÷ 67 = 7 = 6 . Comparing the exponents as the bases
6 6 are same, we get
6 4 = 2x or x = 2.
 1 
(ii) (– 4)4 (– 4) – 2
() ()
÷ × 
 – 4  1 –3
1 6
10. x3 = ×
5 5
= (– 4)4 × (– 4)2 × (– 4)– 6 = (– 4)0.
= ( ) = ( )
–3 + 6 3
1 1
or x3
() () ()
5 5 5 5 5
2 3 5
(iii) × × Taking cube root on both the sides, we
3 5 2
get 1
= 25 × 3 – 5 × 35 × 5 – 5 × 55 × 2 – 5
= 25 – 5 × 3 – 5 + 5 + 5 – 5 + 5
1  1 3 3
[ x 3 ]3 = 
5  ()
or x= .
1
5
=1×1× 50 = 50. ❏❏
Chapter
13 DIRECT AND INVERSE PROPORTION

WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 82 So, x and y are in inverse proportion.
59
Distance 270 10. (C) Required weight = × 9 kg
1. (C) Time = = = 3 hours. 18
Speed 90
= 29.5 kg.
2. (B) x = my 11. (B) The working power and the time
At x = 30, y = 6; 30 = 6m ⇒ m = 5 taken to complete a work are in inverse
At x = 70; 70 = 5y ⇒ y = 14. variation.
∴ Ratio of numbers of days = 5 : 3.
450
3. (D) Cost = ` × 8 = ` 720. 12. (B) The general equation representing x
5
and y are in inverse proportion is
x1 7.2 8.8 × 7.2 xy = k, k being a constant.
4. (A) = ⇒ x1 =
8.8 3.6 3.6
13. (A) Let x > 0.
⇒ x1 = 17.6.
1 1
5. (A) Required number of tools decreases as x increases and
x x
1800
= × 9 = 2700. increases as x decreases.
6
1
6. (B) A pole, its shadow, another pole So, x and are in inverse proportion.
x
(say h), that’s shadow must be in
14. (C)Number of men and number of days
proportion.
are in inverse proportion.
550 h
∴ = 10
270 810 ∴ Number of days = × 10 = 20.
5
550 × 810
or h= = 1650 cm 15. (D) a = 0.5b = 0.5 × 11 = 5.5.
270
= 16 m 50 cm. WORKSHEE
WORKSHEET T – 83
7. (D) Distance covered in the map
140 72 km 72 × 1000 m
= cm = 7 cm. 1. Speed = =
20 1 hour 1 × 60 × 60 s
8. (B) Cost of articles increases as the = 20 m/s.
number of purchasing articles increases. 1
30 × km
9. (B) x2 y 2 = 8(xy – 2) 30 m 1000
2. 30 m/s = =
1s 1
or x2y2 – 8xy + 16 = 0 hr
3600
or (xy – 4)2 = 0 or xy = 4 30 3600
= × km/hr
4 1000 1
or x=
y = 108 km/hr.
8 Therefore, both of them together can
3. Time = 8 min = hour write the chapter in 4 days.
60
7. In 6 hours Ritu knits a whole sweater
800 8
Distance = 800 m = km = km 1
1000 10 So, in 1 hour she would knit of the
6
Distance 8/10 sweater
Speed = =
Time 8/60 1
So, in 4 hours she would knit 4 × i.e.,
= 6 km/hr. 6
4. Let k be the constant of proportionality. 2
of the sweater.
3
Then x = ky 2
7 1 Thus, Ritu will knit part of the
At x = 7 and y = 21; k = = 3
21 3 sweater.
1 8. (i) x and y very inversely, if the product
At x = 9, y = a and k = ; xy is constant.
3
x = ky gives a = 27 x
(ii) If is constant for each pair of
1 y
At, x = b, y = 63 and k = ;
3 values of x and y, then x and y vary
x = ky gives b = 21 directly.
Thus, a = 27 and b = 21. (iii) If x = ky, where k is a constant, then
x and y vary directly.
1
5. Geeta’s 1 day’s work =
8 WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 84
1 day’s work of both Geeta and Meeta
1. 1 hour’s work of Radha and Medha
1
= 1
6 together =
So, Meeta’s 1 day’s work 10
1
1 1 4–3 1 1 hour’s work of Radha alone =
= – = = . 15
6 8 24 24 ∴ 1 hour’s work of Medha alone
Therefore, Meeta alone can finish the
whole work in 24 days. 1 1 3–2 1
= – = = .
10 15 30 30
1 Therefore, Medha will take 30 hours to
6. Mr. Menon’s 1 day’s work =
6 do the whole work.
1 2. ∵ Distance travelled in 30 minutes
Mr. Kumar’s 1 day’s work =
12
= 60 km.
1 day’s work of both of them
∴ Distance travelled in 60 minutes
1 1 2+1 3
= + = = = 60 × 2 km = 120 km.
6 12 12 12
1 Therefore, the speed of the car is 120
= .
4 km/hr.
D I R E C T A N D I N V E R S E P R O P O R T I O N 151
1 12 x
3. 1 day’s work of A alone = or =
10 40 2500
1 12 × 2500
1 day’s work of both A and B = ∴ x= = 750
6 40
∴ 1 day’s work of B alone
1
1 1 5–3 2 Thus, 750 sheets weigh 2 kg.
= – = = 2
6 10 30 30 8. When parts of red pigments = 1,
1 parts of base = 8
=
15 When parts of red pigments = 4,
So, B alone can do the work in 15 days.
parts of base = 4 × 8
4. ∵ Distance covered in 10 minutes
= 32
= 1000 m = 1 km When parts of red pigments = 7,
∴ Distance covered in 60 minutes parts of base = 7 × 8
= 1 × 6 km = 6 km. = 56
Therefore, Lily’s speed is 6 km/hr. When parts of red pigments = 12,
5. After joining 6 more people, the family parts of base = 12 × 8
has 18 people. = 96
Numbers of people and days are in When parts of red pigments = 20,
inverse proportion. So, number of days parts of base = 20 × 8
decreases as number of people = 160.
increases. Thus the complete table is:
Let the required number of days be x.
Parts of red pigments 1 4 7 12 20
12 x 12 × 60
Then, = ∴ x= = 40 Parts of base 8 32 56 96 160
18 60 18
Thus, the gas cylinder lasts after 40 9. Let the number of machines required
days. be x.
6. Let the height of the tree be x metres. Numbers of machines and days are in
inverse proportion.
The heights of an object and its shadow
are in direct proportion. ∴ x × 54 = 42 × 63
14 x 14 × 15 42 × 63
∴ = ∴ x= = 21 ∴ x = = 49.
10 15 10 54
Thus, the tree is 21 m high. 10. School time in a day = 8 × 45 minutes
7. Let the required number of sheets be x. ∵ 9 periods are of 8 × 45 minutes
The number of sheets and their weights 8 × 45

∴ 1 period is of minutes, i.e., 40
are in direct proportion. 9
( )
minutes
1
∴ 12 : 40 = x : 2 × 1000 Thus, each period will be of 40 minutes.
2
11. ∵ 48 shops require = 432 m 175
= m/s.
432 9
∴ 1 shop requires = m
48
Distance 350 350 × 9
Time = =
( )
432 =
∴ 20 shops will require = × 20 m Speed 175 175
48 9
= 180 m. = 18 seconds.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 85 x
7. Let = k, k is a constant
y
1. Let the required number of balls be x.
9
8 x 8 × 72 At x = 9 and y = 4.5, k ==2
Then, = ∴ x = = 36 4.5
16 72 16 ∴ At y = 8 and k = 2, x = 2 × 8 = 16
Thus, Kanwar Singh should sell 36
At y = 13.25 and k = 2,
cosco balls.
x = 2 × 13.25 = 26.50
2. Required number of dollars
Therefore, the complete table is:
120
= × 8000 = 200. x 16 9 19 26.50
4800
3. Since number of packets and their cost y 8 4.5 9.5 13.25
vary directly.
8. (i) Directly (ii) Directly (iii) Directly
∴ Required number of packets
(iv) Directly.
6 1
= × 143 = 11. 9. Workdone by Rohan in 1 day =
78 5
4. Let required number of packets be x. ∴ Workdone by Rohan in 2 days
Numbers of packets and cartons are in 1 2
=
=2×
direct proportion 5 5
∴ 120 : 20 = x : 35 10. ∵ In 2 kg of sugar, number of crystals
120 × 35 = 9 × 106
This gives, x = = 210. ∴ In 1 kg of sugar, number of crystals
20
5. Let required number of men be x. 9 × 10 6
Since, numbers of men and days are in =
2
inverse proportion.
(i) ∴ In 5 kg of sugar, number of
20 4
∴ = 5 × 9 × 106
x 10 crystals = = 22.5 × 106
2
20 × 10
This gives, x = = 50. = 2.25 × 107
4
6. Distance = Length of train = 350 m (ii) ∴ In 1.2 kg of sugar, number of
70 × 1000 9 × 10 6
Speed = 70 km/h = m/s crystals = 1.2 × = 5.4 × 106.
3600 2
11. Let required number of time be x days. 81
= × 100 cm
After joining 30 girls, number of girls 4
= 50 + 30 = 80. = 81 × 25 cm
Since number of girls and food Height of wall
Number of bricks =
provision vary inversely Height of a brick
50 x 81 × 25
∴ = = = 135.
80 40 15
50 × 40 4. At 125 g per child, 150 children take 21
This gives, x = = 25. days
80
Thus, the provision will last after 25 At 125 g per child, 1 child takes 21 ×
days. 150 days
At 1 g per child, 1 child takes 21 × 150
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 86 × 125 days
1. One month and ten days = 40 days At 1 g per child, 175 children take
In 30 days, 75 kg is consumed by 24 21 × 15 × 125
days
persons 175
In 1 day, 75 kg is consumed by 24 × 30 At 100g per child, 175 children take
persons 21 × 150 × 125
days i.e., 22.5 days.
24 × 30 100 × 175
In 1 day, 1 kg is consumed by
75 Therefore, the rice is enough for 22.5
persons days.
24 × 30 260
In 40 days, 1 kg is consumed by 5. Fare = ` per km = ` 1.30 per km.
75 × 40 200
persons 279.50
Required distance = km
1.30
In 40 days, 50 kg is consumed by
27950
24 × 30 = km
× 50 persons i.e., 12 persons. 130
75 × 40
= 215 km.
Therefore, the required number of
persons is 12. Number of steps
6. Gunjan’s speed =
2. Numbers of buses and tourists vary Time
directly. 540
= steps/min
30
200 1
∴ Number of tourists = × 12 [∴ hour = 30 min.]
10 2
= 20 × 12 = 240. = 18 steps/min.
1 81 Required number of steps
3. Height of wall = 20 m= m = Speed × Time = 18 × 6 = 108.
4 4
7. ∵ 8 days’ wage = ` 200 WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 87
200
∴ 1 day’s wage = ` = ` 25 1. ∵ 1 day’s work of both Rita and Mita
8
∴ 20 days’ wage = ` 25 × 20 = ` 500. 1
=
4
8. In 200 days, 120 men can eat the food. 1
1 and 1 day’s work of Rita =
In 5 days, 120 men can eat of the 6
40 1
food. 1
∴ 1 day’s work of Mita = –
4 6
39
So, of the food remains. 3–2 1
40 = =
Further, 120 men can eat the food in 12 12
200 days Consequently, we obtain that Mita alone
So, 90 men can eat the food in can do the work in 12 days.
2. Let Roma can do x of the work in 4
200
× 120 days days.
90
39 Number of days 20 4
So, 90 men can eat of the food in
40 Quantity of work 1 x
200 × 120 39 Number of days and quantity of work
× days, i.e., 260 days.
90 40 are in direct proportion
Thus, the remaining food lasts after 260 20 1 1
∴ = or x=
days. 4 x 5
1
9. Let required number of men be x. Thus, Roma can do work in 4 days.
5
Number of days 35 15 1
3. 1 day’s work of both A and B =
Number of men 18 x 20
Note that less the number of days, more A alone can do the work in 5 × 12, i.e.,
the number of men. Therefore, this is a 60 days
case of inverse proportion. 1
∴ 1 day’s work of A alone =
So, 35 × 18 = 15 × x 60
So, 1 day’s work of B alone
35 × 18
or =x or 42 = x 1 1 3–1 1
15 = – = =
Thus, 42 men should be require to repair 20 60 60 30
the machine. Consequently, we obtain that B alone
10. xy = k can do the work in 30 days.
At x = 16 and y = 6, k = 16 × 6 = 96 1
4. 1 day’s work of both X and Y =
So xy = 96 20
Hence, 2
∴ 2 day’s work of both X and Y =
20
x 12 16 24 8 384
1
y 8 6 4 12 0.25 =
10
1 9 7. Money on Raghu
Remaining work = 1 – = .
10 10 = Number of machines
1 × Price of 1 machine
1 day’s work of Y alone =
30 = ` 75 × 200
So, Y alone can finish the whole work After discount, CP of a machine
in 30 days.
= ` 200 – ` 50
9
So, Y alone will finish of the work = ` 150
10
Number of required machines
9
in × 30, i.e., 27 days.
10 ` 75 × 200
=
5. ∵ 7 days’s income of 12 girls = ` 840 CP of 1 machine
840 ` 75 × 200
∴ 7 days’ income of 1 girl = ` = = 100.
12 ` 150
= ` 70 Thus, Raghu can buy 100 machines.
70 8. Let m cows will graze the field in 20
∴ 1 day’s income of 1 girl = `
7 days.
= ` 10
∴ 1 day’s income of 15 girls Number of cows 55 m
= ` 10 × 15 = ` 150 Number of days 16 20

∴ 6 day’s income of 15 girls Numbers of cows and days are in
= ` 150 × 6 = ` 900. inverse proportion
Thus, 15 girls will earn ` 900 in 6 days. ∴ 55 × 16 = m × 20
6. Let the length of the bridge be x m. 55 × 16
Which gives, m = = 44
60 × 1000 20
Speed = 60 km/hr = m/s
60 × 60 Thus, 44 cows will graze the same field
50 in 20 days.
= m/s
3
9. Let the required number of days be x.
Time = 90 s
Distance = Length of the train Income increases as number of days of
+ Length of the bridge work increases. So, income and days of
work vary directly
= (600 + x) m
Now, distance = Speed × Time ∴ x × 200 = 6 × 875
50 6 × 875 1
∴ 600 + x = × 90 ∴ x = = 26
3 200 4
or x = 1500 – 600 = 900 m
1
Thus, length of the bridge is 900 metres. Thus, the man works for 26 days.
4
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 88 56 14 56 × 42
∴ = or x=
x 42 14
1. Let x = ky as x and y vary directly.
or x = 168 men.
4 1
At x = 4 and y = 16, k = = 5. Cost of 25 books = 25 × Cost of 1 book
16 4
y = 25 × 500 = ` 12500
So, x =
4 New cost of 1 book = ` 500 + ` 125
At x = 9, y = 9 × 4 = 36 = ` 625
48 12500
At y = 48, x = = 12 Required number of books =
4 625
36 = 20
At y = 36, x = =9
4 Thus, Veena will be able to buy 20
At x = 3, y = 3 × 4 = 12 books.
4 6. Let 55 carpets can be woven in x days

At y = 4, x = =1
4 Numbers of carpets and days vary
At x = 11, y = 11 × 4 = 44 directly
Therefore, the complete table is: 35 55 21 × 55
∴ = or x = or x = 33
21 x 35
x 4 9 12 9 3 1 11 Thus, Jojo can weave 55 carpets in 33
y 16 36 48 36 12 4 44 days.
7. Let required number of hours per day
` 156 be x.
2. Cost of 1 mango = = ` 13
12
Since, numbers of hours per day and
Cost of 9 mangoes days vary inversely.
= 9 × Cost of 1 mango 8 12 18 × 8
∴ = or x = or x = 12
= 9 × ` 13 = ` 117. x 18 12
Thus, Kamla should work 12 hours per
50 day.
3. Speed = 50 km/hr = km/min
60
8. Let required number of words be x.
Time = 12 min.
Number of words and time vary
50 directly.
Distance = Speed × Time = × 12
60 620 x
∴ = (∵ 1 hour = 60 minutes)
= 10 km. 60 6
4. Let x men will dig the trench in 14 6 × 620
or x = = 62
days. 60
Number of men increases as number of Thus, Geeta can type 62 words in 6
days decreases. So, numbers of men and minutes
days are in inverse proportion. 9. (i) directly
(ii) direct 1 1 1
= × =
2 4 8
(iii) x 8 2
(∵ xy = constant) Now, 1 day’s work of X alone
y 10 40
1 1 3–2 1
1 = – = =
10. 1 day’s work of both X and Y = 8 12 24 24
10 1 day’s work of Y alone
1 1 1 15 – 8 7
1 day’s work of both Y and Z = =– = =
12 8 15 120 120
1 and 1 day’s work of Z alone
1 day’s work of both X and Z =
15 1 5–4 1
1
∴ 1 day’s work of 2X’s, 2Y’s and 2Z’s =– = =
8 10 40 40
1 1 1 6+5+4 Consequently, we obtain that X alone,
= + + =
10 12 15 60 Y alone, and Z alone can finish the work
15 1 120 1
= = in 24 days, , i.e., 17 days and 40
60 4 7 7
∴ 1 day’s work of all the X, Y, and Z days respectively.
❏❏
Chapter
14 FACTORIZATION
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 89
y2
13. (B) 2 = 1.
1. (C) Factors of 2 are 1 and 2 itself. y
2. (C) 2xy + 2y + 3x + 3 14. (A) 6(x2yz + xy2z + xyz2) = 6xyz(x + y + z)
= 2y(x + 1) + 3(x + 1) So, 6(x2yz + xy2z + xyz2) is divisible by
= (2y + 3)(x + 1). xyz.
3. (B) 1 is a common factor of abc and pqr 15. (A) 120x2 = 23 × 3 × 5 × x × x
as these are divisible by 1.
96xy = 25 × 3 × x × y
4. (A) 6m – 12n = 6(m – 2n).
108xy2 = 22 × 33 × x × y × y
5. (D) (x + a)(x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab is
∴ HCF = 22 × 3 × x = 12x.
an identity.
16. (B) a2 + bc + ab + ac
2x + 3 2x 3 2x
6. (B) = + = + 1. = a2 + ab + ac + bc
3 3 3 3
= a(a + b) + c(a + b) = (a + b)(a + c).
7 x – 6x 7x 6x
7. (B) = – = 7 – 6 = 1. Thus, factors are (a + b) and (a + c).
x x x
8. (A)Let us take identity 17. (C) x3 + 2x2 + x = x(x2 + 2x + 1)
(a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2 = x(x + 1)(x + 1)
Put a = 4x and b = 3y Clearly, x + 2 is not a factor.
∴ (4x + 3y)(4x – 3y) = (4x)2 – (3y)2 18. (D) Factors of 4 are 1, 2 and 4
or 10xy(4x + 3y)(4x – 3y) Factors of x2 are 1, x and x2
= 10xy(16x2 – 9y2). So, all the factors of 4x2 are 1, 2, 4, x, x2,
9. (D) 5z2 – 80 = 5(z2 – 16) 2x, 2x2, 4x and 4x2.
= 5(z + 4)(z – 4). 19. (C) x – 1 + (x – 1)x2 = x2(x – 1) + (x – 1)
10. (D) (p3q6 – p6q3) ÷ p3q3 = (x – 1)(x2 + 1).

= p3q3(q3 – p3) ÷ p3q3 20. (A) a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)
= q 3 – p3 . Substituting a = z and b = 11, we get
11. (C) 162 = 9 × 18 z2 – 121= (z + 11)(z – 11).
9 is a factor of 162. 21. (B) 66 = 1 × 2 × 3 × 11
12. (D) a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b) So, factors of 66 are, 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 22, 33
At a = 9 and b = 8, and 66
92 – 82 = 17 × 1 = 17. So, number of factors of 66 is 8.
F A C T O R I Z A T I O N 159
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 90 and 36x 4 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × x × x
1. (i) The further factors of 2y(xy + 3) are ×x×x

not possible, ∴ HCF (6x2, – 12x3, 36x4)
So it is in the factor form. = 2 × 3 × x × x = 6x2
(ii) x2 + 8x + 16 = (x + 4)2 Therefore, 6x2 – 12x3 + 36x4
= (x + 4)(x + 4) = 6x2(1 – 2x + 6x2).
So, x2 + 8x + 16 is in the expanded 4. (i) x2 + xy + 8x + 8y
form.
= (x2 + xy) + (8x + 8y)
(iii) Factors of (2x + 3) + 7 or 2x + 10 are
possible, so it is in the expanded = x(x + y) + 8(x + y)
form. = (x + y)(x + 8).
(iv) Factors of 3x – 7 are possible, so it (ii) 15xy – 6x + 5y – 2
is in the expanded form.
= (15xy – 6x) + (5y – 2)
2. (i) a3 = a × a × a and a = a
= 3x(5y – 2) + 1(5y – 2)
So, HCF (a3, a) = a.
= (5y – 2)(3x + 1).
(ii) x2y = x × x × y and xy = x × y
(iii) ax – ay + bx – by
So, HCF (x2y, xy) = x × y = xy.
= (ax – ay) + (bx – by)
(iii) 6x2y2 = 2 × 3 × x × x × y × y and
= a(x – y) + b(x – y)
2x2y = 2 × x × x × y
= (x – y)(a + b).
So, HCF (6x2y2, 2x2y) = 2 × x × x × y
(iv) z – 6 – 6xy + xyz
= 2x2y.
(iv) a3b = a × a × a × b and a2 = a × a = (z – 6) + (xyz – 6xy)
So, HCF (a3b, a2) = a × a = a2. = (z – 6) + xy(z – 6)

3. (i) 4x = 2 × 2 × x and 8y = 2 × 2 × 2 × y = (z – 6) (1 + xy).
∴ HCF (4x, 8y) = 2 × 2 = 4 (v) 10mn + 4m + 5n + 2
Therefore, 4x + 8y = 4(x + 2y). = (10mn + 4m) + (5n + 2)
(ii) 3x = 3 × x and 9y = 3 × 3 × y = 2m(5n + 2) + 1(5n + 2)
∴ HCF (3x, 9y) = 3 = (5n + 2)(2m + 1).
Therefore, 3x + 9y = 3(x + 3y). 5. (i) x2 + 10x + 25 = x2 + 5x + 5x + 25
(iii) 4x = 2 × 2 × x and – 12 = – 2 × 2 × 3 = x2 + 2 × 5x + 25
∴ HCF (4x, – 12) = 2 × 2 = 4 = (x + 5)2.
Therefore, 4x – 12 = 4(x – 3). (ii) m2 + 8m + 16 = m2 + 4m + 4m + 16
(iv) 6x 2 = 2 × 3 × x × x, = m2 + 2 × 4m + 16
– 12x 3 = – 2 × 2 × 3 × x × x × x = (m + 4)2.
(iii) x2 + 17x + 60 = x2 + 12x + 5x + 60 WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 91
= x(x + 12) + 5(x + 12) 1. (i) p2 – 36p + 99
= (x + 12)(x + 5). = p2 – 2 × 18p + 99
(iv) x2 + 5xy – 24y2 = (p – 18)2 – 182 + 99
= x2 + 8xy – 3xy – 24y2 = (p – 18)2 – 225 = (p – 18)2 – 152
= x(x + 8y) – 3y(x + 8y) = (p – 18 + 15)(p – 18 – 15)
= (x + 8y)(x – 3y). = (p – 3)(p – 33).
OR (ii) x2 + 4x – 45 = x2 + 2 × 2x – 45
(i) x2 + 3x – 40 = x2 + 8x – 5x – 40 = (x + 2)2 – 22 – 45
= (x + 2)2 – 72
= x(x + 8) – 5(x + 8)
= (x + 2 + 7)(x + 2 – 7)
= (x + 8)(x – 5).
= (x + 9)(x – 5).
(ii) x2 – 33x + 90 = x2 – 30x – 3x + 90
(iii) p2 + 4p – 77 = (p + 2)2 – 22 – 77
= x(x – 30) – 3(x – 30)
= (p + 2)2 – 92
= (x – 30)(x – 3).
= (p + 2 + 9)(p + 2 – 9)
(iii) n2 + 17n – 60 = n2 + 20n – 3n – 60 = (p + 11)(p – 7).
= n(n + 20) – 3(n + 20) (iv) a2 – 4a – 21 = (a – 2)2 – 22 – 21
= (n + 20)(n – 3). = (a – 2)2 – 52
(iv) z2 + 13z – 90 = z2 + 18z – 5z – 90 = (a – 2 + 5)(a – 2 – 5)
= z(z + 18) – 5(z + 18) = (a + 3)(a – 7).
= (z + 18)(z – 5). (v) y2 – 11y + 24
6. (i) 12x2 – 23xy + 10y2
= 12x2 – 15xy – 8xy + 10y2
(
= y–
2 ) ( )
11 2
–
11 2
2
+ 24
= 3x(4x – 5y) – 2y(4x – 5y) (

= y–
2 ) ()
11 2
–
5 2
2
( )( )
= (4x – 5y)(3x – 2y). 11 5 11 5
= y– + y– –
(ii) 12x2 + 7xy – 10y2 2 2 2 2
= 12x2 + 15xy – 8xy – 10y2 = (y – 3)(y – 8).
( ) ( ) –6
2 2
= 3x(4x + 5y) – 2y(4x + 5y) 5 5
(vi) z2 – 5z – 6 = z – –
2 2
= (4x + 5y)(3x – 2y).
= (z – ) – ( )
2 2
5 7
(iii) 6x2 + 35xy – 6y2
2 2
= 6x2 + 36xy – xy – 6y2
= (z – + ) (z – – )
5 7 5 7
= 6x(x + 6y) – y(x + 6y) 2 2 2 2
= (x + 6y)(6x – y). = (z + 1)(z – 6).
2. (i) 2x2 – 14x + 24 = 2(x2 – 7x + 12) (ii) p2 + 6p – 16 = (p + 3)2 – 32 – 16
= 2(x2 – 4x – 3x + 12) = (p + 3)2 – 52
= 2{x(x – 4) – 3(x – 4)} = (p + 3 + 5)(p + 3 – 5)
= 2(x – 4)(x – 3). = (p + 8)(p – 2).
(ii) 4x2 – 16x – 9 = 4x2 – 18x + 2x – 9 WORKSHEE

WORKSHEETT – 92
= 2x(2x – 9) + 1(2x – 9)
1. (i) We are given the identity:
= (2x – 9)(2x + 1).
a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)
(iii) 8a2 – 22a + 15= 8a2 – 12a – 10a + 15 ∴ (i) 9q2 – 25p2 = (3q)2 – (5p)2
= 4a(2a – 3) – 5(2a – 3) = (3q + 5p)(3q – 5p).
= (2a – 3)(4a – 5). (ii) 9x2y2 – 16 = (3xy)2 – (4)2
(iv) 10a2 – 83a – 17 = (3xy + 4)(3xy – 4).
= 10a2 – 85a + 2a – 17 (iii) 4x2 – 9y2 = (2x)2 – (3y)2
= 5a(2a – 17) + 1(2a – 17) = (2x + 3y)(2x – 3y).
= (2a – 17)(5a + 1). (iv) x4 – 25 = (x2)2 – (5)2
(v) 2x2 – 35x – 18 = (x2 + 5)(x2 – 5)
= 2x2 – 36x + x – 18 = (x2 + 5){x2 – ( 5 )2}
= 2x(x – 18) + 1(x – 18) = (x2 + 5)(x + 5 )(x – 5 ).
= (x – 18)(2x + 1). (v) 12x5 – 108x3 = 12x3(x2 – 9)
= 12x3(x2 – 32)
3. (i) (x + 5)(x + 3) = x(x + 3) + 5(x + 3)
= 12x3(x + 3)(x – 3).
= x2 + 3x + 5x + 15
2. (i) 3x2 + 12x + 12 = 3(x2 + 4x + 4)
= x2 + 8x + 15.
= 3(x + 2)2
(ii) (x – 10)(x – 5) = x(x – 5) – 10(x – 5)
= 3(x + 2)(x + 2).
= x2 – 5x – 10x + 50
(ii) y2 + y – 56 = y2 + 8y – 7y – 56
= x2 – 15x + 50. = y(y + 8) – 7(y + 8)
4. (i) 5y2 – 20y + 8z – 2yz = (y + 8)(y – 7).
= 5y(y – 4) – 2z(– 4 + y) 1 2
(iii) x +x–3
= (y – 4)(5y – 2z). 4
(ii) ab – bx + ay – xy = b(a – x) + y(a – x) 1
= (x2 + 4x – 12)
4
= (a – x)(b + y).
1
5. (i) q2 – 10q + 21 = (q – 5)2 – 52 + 21 = (x2 + 6x – 2x – 12)
4
= (q – 5)2 – 22 1
= {x(x + 6) – 2(x + 6)}
= (q – 5 + 2)(q – 5 – 2) 4
1
= (q – 3)(q – 7). = (x + 6)(x – 2).
4
(iv) 4x2 – 8x + 4 = 4(x2 – 2x + 1)
= 4(x – 1)2 ( 32 + 1) ( y + 32 – 1)
= 4 y+
= 4(x – 1)(x – 1).
= 4( y + ) ( y + )
5 1
(v) 49p2 + q2 – 9r2 – 14pq
2 2
= (49p2 – 14pq + q2) – 9r2
= (2y + 5)(2y + 1).
= (49p2 – 7pq – 7pq + q2) – 9r2
(ii) x2 + 17x + 30
= {7p(7p – q) – q(7p – q)} – 9r2
( ) ( ) + 30
2 2
= (7p – q)(7p – q) – 9r2 17 17
= x+ –
2 2
= (7p – q)2 – (3r)2
( ) ( )
= (7p – q + 3r)(7p – q – 3r). 17 2
13 2
= x+ –
3. (i) x2 + x – 6 = x2 + 3x – 2x – 6 2 2
= x(x + 3) – 2(x + 3)
= (x + + ) (x + – )
17 13 17 13
= (x + 3)(x – 2). 2 2 2 2
(ii) m2 + 23m + 90 = (x + 15)(x + 2).
= m2 + 18m + 5m + 90
= m(m + 18) + 5(m + 18) WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 93
= (m + 18)(m + 5). 1. (i) 12ab – 8b – 6 + 9a
(iii) b2 – 5b – 24 = b2 – 8b + 3b – 24 = (12ab + 9a) – (8b + 6)
= b(b – 8) + 3(b – 8) = 3a(4b + 3) – 2(4b + 3)
= (b – 8)(b + 3). = (4b + 3)(3a – 2).
(iv) a2 – 24ab + 140b2
(ii) 28x – 21y + 8x2 – 6xy
= a2 – 14ab – 10ab + 140b2
= (28x – 21y) + (8x2 – 6xy)
= a(a – 14b) – 10b(a – 14b)
= 7(4x – 3y) + 2x(4x – 3y)
= (a – 14b)(a – 10b).
= (4x – 3y)(7 + 2x).
4. 8(p – 8q)2 – 6(p – 8q)
= 2(p – 8q){4(p – 8q) – 3} (iii) 5ab – 3a + 10b – 6
= 2(p – 8q)(4p – 32q – 3). = (5ab + 10b) – (3a + 6)

5. (i) 4y2 + 12y + 5 = 5b(a + 2) – 3(a + 2)
(
= 4 y2 + 3y + ) 5
4
= (a + 2) (5b – 3).
(iv) 4x2 – 16xy – 3x + 12y
= 4 ( y + ) – ( ) + 
2 2
 3 3 5 = (4x2 – 16xy) – (3x – 12y)
 2 2 4
= 4x(x – 4y) – 3(x – 4y)
= 4 ( y + ) – 1 
2
 3  2
 2  = (x – 4y)(4x – 3).
(v) 16l2 – 8l – 4lm + 2m 3. (i) 12x2 = 2 × 2 × 3 × x × x
= (16l2 – 8l) – (4lm – 2m) 16y3 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × y × y × y
= 8l(2l – 1) – 2m(2l – 1) ∴ HCF (12x2, 16y3) = 2 × 2 = 4.
= (2l – 1)(8l – 2m) (ii) 18a2b2 = 2 × 3 × 3 × a × a × b × b
= 2(2l – 1)(4l – m). – 24ab = – 1 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × a × b
2. (i) – 16m2 = –1× 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × m × m ∴ HCF (18a2b2, – 24ab) = 2 × 3 × a × b
24m3 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × m × m × m = 6ab.
∴ HCF (– 16m2, 24m3) (iii) 90a2bc =2×3×3×5×a×a×b×c
= 2 × 2 × 2 × m × m = 8m2 81bc = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × b × c
So, – 16m2 + 24m3 = 8m2(– 2 + 3m). ∴ HCF (90a2bc, 81bc) = 3 × 3 × b × c
(ii) 20l3 = 2 × 2 × 5 × l × l × l = 9bc.
30alm = 2 × 3 × 5 × a × l × m 4. (i) 4p2q2 – 36r2 = 4(p2q2 – 9r2)
∴ HCF (20l3, 30alm) = 2 × 5 × l = 10l = 4[(pq)2 – (3r)2]
So, 20l3 + 30alm = 10l(2l2 + 3am). = 4(pq + 3r)(pq – 3r).
(iii) 6x3y = 2 × 3 × x × x × x × y (ii) s(r + q) + 4(r + q) = (r + q)(s + 4).

(iii) 49x2 – 36 = (7x)2 – 62
– 18xy3 = – 1 × 2 × 3 × 3 × x × y × y × y
= (7x + 6)(7x – 6).
∴ HCF (6x3y, – 18xy3) = 2 × 3 × x × y
(iv) 16x2 – 9y2 = (4x)2 – (3y)2
= 6xy
= (4x + 3y)(4x – 3y).
So, 6x3y – 18xy3
OR
= 6xy(x2 – 3y2)
(i) a2 – 2ab + b2 – c2
= 6xy(x + 3y )(x – 3y ). = (a2 – 2ab + b2) – c2
(iv) – 6a 2 = –1 × 2 × 3 × a × a = (a – b)2 – c2
6ab = 2 × 3 × a × b = (a – b + c)(a – b – c).
– 6ca = – 1 × 2 × 3 × c × a (ii) 8x3y – 32xy3 = 8xy(x2 – 4y2)
∴ HCF (– 6a2, 6ab, – 6ca) = 2 × 3 × a = 8xy[x2 – (2y)2]
= 6a = 8xy(x + 2y)(x – 2y).
So, – 6a2 + 6ab – 6ca = 6a(– a + b – c). (iii) 12xyz2 – 27x3y3
(v) p2qr = p × p × q × r = 3xy(4z2 – 9x2y2)
pq2r = p × q × q × r = 3xy[(2z)2 – (3xy)2]
pqr2 = p × q × r × r = 3xy(2z + 3xy)(2z – 3xy).
∴ HCF (p2qr, pq2r, pqr2) = p×q×r (iv) 50a2b2 – 98c2 = 2(25a2b2 – 49c2)
= pqr = 2[(5ab)2 – (7c)2]
So, p2qr + pq2r + pqr2 = pqr(p + q + r). = 2(5ab + 7c)(5ab – 7c).
5. (i) 49 – x2 – y2 + 2xy (viii) 2x2 + 13x + 20 = 2x2 + 8x + 5x + 20
= 49 – (x2 + y2 – 2xy) = 2x(x + 4) + 5(x + 4)
= 72 – (x – y)2 = (x + 4)(2x + 5).
= (7 – x + y)(7 + x – y).
(ix) 49a2b2 – 64c2 = (7ab)2 – (8c)2
(ii) x2 – y2 + 4xz + 4z2
= (7ab + 8c)(7ab – 8c).
= x2 + 4xz + 4z2 – y2
(x) m(x + a) + 3(x + a) = (x + a)(m + 3).
= (x + 2z)2 – y2
(xi) x4 – y4 = (x2)2 – (y2)2
= (x + y + 2z)(x – y + 2z).
(iii) a2 + 2ab + b2 – c2 = (x2 + y2) (x2 – y2)
= (a + b)2 – c2 = (x2 + y2)(x + y)(x – y).
= (a + b + c)(a + b – c). (xii) 9x2 + 16y2 – 24xy = (3x – 4y)2
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 94 = (3x – 4y)(3x – 4y).
2. (i) x2 + 4x – 21 = (x + 2)2 – 22 – 21
1. (i) m2 – 10m + 24 = m2 – 6m – 4m + 24
= (x + 2)2 – 52
= m(m – 6) – 4(m – 6)
= (m – 6)(m – 4). = (x + 2 + 5)(x + 2 – 5)
(ii) p2 + p – 72 = p2 + 9p – 8p – 72 = (x + 7)(x – 3).

= p(p + 9) – 8(p + 9) (ii) 1 – 16x2 + 64x4
= (p + 9)(p – 8). = (1 – 8x2)2 = [12 – ( 2 2x )2 ]2
(iii) a2 + 13a – 14 = a2 + 14a – a – 14
= ( 1 + 2 2 x )2 ( 1 – 2 2 x )2
= a(a + 14) – 1(a + 14)
= (a + 14)(a – 1). = ( 1 + 2 2x )( 1 + 2 2x )
(iv) x2 – 17x + 30 = x2 – 2x – 15x + 30 ( 1 – 2 2x ) ( 1 – 2 2x ) .
= x(x – 2) – 15(x – 2)
3. (i) p4q3r2 = p × p × p × p × q × q × q × r × r
= (x – 2)(x – 15).
p2q4r3 = p × p × q × q × q × q × r × r × r
(v) 9a2 + 12ab + 4b2 = (3a + 2b)2
p3q2r4 = p × p × p × q × q × r × r × r × r
= (3a + 2b)(3a + 2b).
(vi) 6x2 – x – 15 = 6x2 – 10x + 9x – 15 ∴ HCF (p4q3r2, p2q4r3, p3q2r4)
= 2x(3x – 5) + 3(3x – 5) = p × p × q × q × r × r = p 2q 2r 2
= (3x – 5)(2x + 3). So, p4q3r2 + p2q4r3+p3q2r4
(vii) 4x2 – 8x + 4 = 4(x2 – 2x + 1) = p2q2r2(p2q + q2r + pr2).
= 4(x – 1)2 (ii) – 10a3b = – 1 × 2 × 5 × a × a × a × b
= 4(x – 1)(x – 1). – 30ab3 = – 1 × 2 × 3 × 5 × a × b × b × b
– 20a3b3 = – 1 × 2 × 2 × 5 × a × a × a WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 95
×b×b×b
20 x 2 × 2 x 2
∴ HCF (– 10a3b, – 30ab3, – 20a3b3) 1. (i) 40x4 ÷ 20x2 = = 2x2.
20 x 2
= – 1 × 2 × 5 × a × b = – 10ab
4 × 3 xy
So, – 10a3b – 30ab3 – 20a3b3 (ii) 12xy ÷ 3xy = = 4.
3 xy
= – 10ab(a2 + 3b2 + 2a2b2).
a3 × a3
(iii) x3 = 1 × x × x × x (iii) a6 ÷ a3 = = a3.
3
a
x2 = 1 × x × x
5x5 y2 5 xy × x 4 y
x =1×x 2. (i) = = x4y.
5 xy 5 xy
1 =1
7 a – 7b 7( a – b )
∴ HCF (x3, x2) = x × x = x2 (ii) = = a – b.
7 7
and HCF (x, 1) = 1
72 y 6 + 8 y 4 8 y 3 (9y 3 + y )
So, x3 + x2 + x + 1 = x2(x + 1) + 1(x + 1) (iii) =
8y3 8y3
= (x + 1)(x2 + 1).
= 9y3 + y.
OR
3. Area = 5a2 + 25a = 5a(a + 5)
(i) x2 – 6x + 9 = (x – 3)2 b = 25a, l = ?
= (x – 3)(x – 3) Area = l × b
x2 – 6x + 9 ( x – 3)( x – 3) ∴ 5a(a + 5) = l × 25a

∴ =
x–3 x–3 5 a( a + 5) a+5
or l= =
= x – 3. 5 × 5a 5
(ii) x2 – 16 = x2 – 42 = (x + 4)(x – 4) a
Thus, length of the rectangle is + 1.
5
x 2 – 16 ( x + 4)( x – 4)
∴ =
x+4 x+4 4. 2x2 + 13x + 20 = 2x2 + 8x + 5x + 20
= (x – 4). = 2x(x + 4) + 5(x + 4)
4. 18a2b3c – 12abc + 24ab2c2 = (x + 4)(2x + 5)
= 6abc(3ab2 – 2 + 4bc) 2 x 2 + 13 x + 20 ( x + 4)(2 x + 5)
Now, =
18 a 2 b 3 c – 12 abc + 24 ab 2 c 2 x+4 x+4
Now,
6 abc = 2x + 5.
6 abc(3 ab 2 + 4bc – 2) 5. (i) x2 + 7x + 10 = x2 + 2x + 5x + 10
=
6 abc = x(x + 2) + 5(x + 2)
= (3ab2 + 4bc – 2). = (x + 2)(x + 5)
(vi) x4 – 16 = (x2)2 – 42 = (x2 + 4)(x2 – 4)
x 2 + 7 x + 10 ( x + 2)( x + 5)
∴ = = (x2 + 4)(x2 – 22)
x+5 x+5
= x + 2. = (x2 + 4)(x + 2)(x – 2)
(ii) x2 + 5x + 6 = x2 + 2x + 3x + 6 x 4 – 16 ( x 2 + 4)( x + 2)( x – 2)
∴ =
= x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2) x+2 x+2
2
= (x + 4)(x – 2).
= (x + 2)(x + 3)
2
x + 5x + 6 ( x + 2)( x + 3) 6. (i) 3x2 + 11xy + 6y2
∴ =
x+3 x+3 = 3x2 + 9xy + 2xy + 6y2
= x + 2.
= 3x(x + 3y) + 2y(x + 3y)
(iii) x2 + 10x + 24 = x2 + 6x + 4x + 24
= (x + 3y)(3x + 2y).
= x(x + 6) + 4(x + 6)
(ii) 6x2 – 13x + 6 = 6x2 – 9x – 4x + 6
= (x + 6)(x + 4)
= 3x(2x – 3) – 2(2x – 3)
x 2 + 10 x + 24 ( x + 6)( x + 4)
∴ =
x+4 x+4 = (2x – 3)(3x – 2).
= x + 6. (iii) x4 – 81 = (x2)2 – 92 = (x2 + 9)(x2 – 9)
(iv) x2 + x – 56 = x2 + 8x – 7x – 56
= (x2 + 9)(x2 – 32)
= x(x + 8) – 7(x + 8)
= (x2 + 9)(x + 3)(x – 3).
= (x + 8)(x – 7)
2
7. ∵ Cost of 7z metres cloth
x + x – 56 ( x + 8)( x – 7)
∴ = = ` (14z2 + 21z3)
x+8 x+8
= x – 7. = ` 7z2(2 + 3z)
(v) x2 + 7x + 6 = x2 + 6x + x + 6 ∴ Cost of 1 metre cloth
= x(x + 6) + 1(x + 6)
` 7z 2 (2 + 3 z)
= (x + 6) (x + 1) =
7z
x 2 + 7 x + 6 ( x + 6)( x + 1)
∴ = = ` z(2 + 3z)
x+1 x+1
= x + 6. = ` (2z + 3z2).
❏❏
Chapter
15 INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHS
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 96 15. (B) Equation of a straight line is of the
form ax + by + c = 0, whose degree
1. (B) A point (x, 0) lies on the x-axis.
is 1.
2. (A) (2, 0) lies on the x-axis as (x, 0) lies
on the x-axis. 16. (D) The x-coordinate of a point is its
3. (D) x-coordinate of E = 5 perpendicular distance from the y-
axis.
y-coordinate of E = 4
So, the coordinates of E are (5, 4). The y-coordinate of a point is its
perpendicular distance from the x-
4. (A) The coordinates of A are (1, 7).
axis.
5. (B) The coordinates of O are (0, 0) as O
is the origin. 17. (B) The graph is a straight line as simple
6. (C) The coordinates of C are (8, 5). interest is directly proportional to
the number of years.
7. (B) Distance travelled in first 1 hour
= y-coordinate of the graph at 3 p.m. 18. (C) A line graph changes over time.
= 8 km. WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 97
8. (B) The traveller is the fastest between
1. (i) The graph represents the measures
4 p.m. and 5 p.m.
of temperature of a city from 8 a.m.
9. (B) The traveller stops twice from 3 : 20
p.m. to 4 : 00 p.m. and from 5 p.m. to 2 p.m. of a day.
to 6 p.m. (ii) The temperature was highest from
10. (D) Distance = 32 km – 8 km = 24 km. 9 a.m. to 10 a.m.
11. (C) y = Area of square = Side2 = x2 (iii) The temperature was least at 2 p.m.
= 42 = 16 square units.
(iv) Increase in temperature
12. (D) y = Perimeter of square = 4x
= 40°C – 35°C = 5°C.
= 4 × 1 = 4.
(v) The temperature at 8 a.m. was 35°C
13. (B) Cartesian plane has 2 axes, namely,
x-axis and y-axis. which is less than 40°C.
14. (A) Coordinates of any points on the y- 2. (i) To draw the required graph, let us
axis are of the form (0, y) take days of the week on the x-axis
∴ x-coordinate = 0. and temperature on the y-axis.
(iii) Distance covered in 1 hour = 50 km
Distance covered in 4 hours
= 125 km
∴ Required distance
= 125 – 50 = 75 km.
(iv) Yes, we can tell.
Distance covered between 3 hours
and 5 hours = 200 – 100 = 100 km.
4. (i)
(ii)
(ii) To draw the required graph, let us

take distance travelled on the x-axis 5. (i) The required set is {3, 6, 12}.
and the cost on the y-axis.
(ii) The required set is { 14 , 1 21 , 2} .
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 98
1.
3. (i) 50 km = 1 big division on the

vertical line.
1 hour = 1 big division on the
horizontal line.
(ii) Distance covered after 3 hours 2. Point corresponding to x = 1, y = 2 is
= 100 km. (1, 2)
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O G R A P H S 169
Point corresponding to x = 3, y = 6 is (iii) A point with coordinates (0, 0) lies
(3, 6) at the point of intersection of the x-
Point corresponding to x = 4, y = 8 is axis and y-axis.
(4, 8) 4.
Point corresponding to x = 5, y = 10 is
(5, 10)
Point corresponding to x = 7, y = 14 is
(7, 14).
(i) The points lie in the first and third

quadrants and at the origin. All the
points lie on a straight line (see
figure).
(ii) x-coordinate and y-coordinate of
each point are equal, so x = y.
5. We know that area of a square is the
square of its side. For example, if side
is a than area = a2.
Hence,
S. No. Side of square Area
1. 2 cm 4 cm2
Joining these points, we obtain a 2. 4 cm 16 cm2

straight line (see graph), Therefore the 3. 5 cm 25 cm2
points lie on a straight line.
4. 6 cm 36 cm2
3. (i) If x-coordinate of a point is 0, then
5. 8 cm 64 cm2
the point will lie on the y-axis.
Let us draw graph using this table and
(ii) If y-coordinate of a point is 0, then
taking side of the square at x-coordinate
the point will lie on the x-axis.
and its area as y-coordinate.
2.
Joining the points, we obtain that the 3. Let us take side of square as x-coordinate
graph is a curve not a line segment. and its perimeter as y-coordinate to draw
6. (i) Point (4, 1) is represented by the a graph.
letter F.
(ii) Point (3, 8) is represented by the
letter M.
(iii) Point (1, 2) is represented by the
letter Q.
(iv) Point (5, 7) is represented by the
letter O.
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 99
1. (i) Given point is A(– 3, 2)
Its x-coordinate is – 3 and y-
coordinate is 2.
(ii) Given point is B(2, – 1)
Its x-coordinate is 2 and y-
coordinate is – 1.
(iii) Given point is C(0, – 7)
Its x-coordinate is 0 and y-
coordinate is – 7.
4. From the graph, we conclude that The complete table will be as follows
When x = 0, y = 1 x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
When x = 1, y = 3/2 y 1 3/2 2 5/2 3 7/2 4
When x = 3, y = 5/2
Consequently, we obtain that the
When x = 4, y = 3
relationship between x and y will be
When x = 6, y = 4 2y = x + 2.
So, when x = 2, y = 2
and when x = 5, y = 7/2 5. The given relation between volume (v)
and temperature t is
Volume (v)
Temperature (t)
v = 2.5t. 6.
At t = 10°C, v = 2.5 × 10
= 25 cubic units
At t = 12°C, v = 2.5 × 12
= 30 cubic units
At t = 18°C, v = 2.5 × 18
= 45 cubic units
At t = 20°C, v = 2.5 × 20
= 50 cubic units
At t = 30°C, v = 2.5 × 30
= 75 cubic units
Let us draw graph, taking t as x-coordi-
nate and v as y-coordinate.
7. (i) The graph shows the temperature After ploting the points from the given
of a city at the time from 8 a.m. to
6 p.m. of a day. table and joining them, we get a straight
(ii) The temperature was highest at 10 a.m. line.
(iii)The temperature was least at 6 p.m. 5. Taking years as x-coordinate and
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT –100 number of T.V.s’. sold in hundreds as
y-coordinate, we get the following
1. The coordinates of letter A are (2, – 1)
The coordinates of letter B are (3, 2) graph.
The coordinates of letter C are (– 2, 2)
The coordinates of letter D are (– 3, – 1)
2. (i)
(ii)
3. (i) y-coordinate of the point A is 6

(ii) y-coordinate of the point B is 0
(iii) y-coordinate of the point C is 2
(iv) y-coordinate of the point D is – 3.
4.
6. (i) The meeting was gone from 2 hours

to 4 hours. So, the duration was
4 – 2 = 2 hours.
1
(ii) Distance travelled after 2 hours
2
= Distance travelled
after 4 hours
= 70 km.
(iii) Time taken to travel the first 40 km WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 101
1 1.
was 1 hours.
4
(iv) Time spent to travel a distance
between 30 km and 50 km was
1
1 hours – 1 hour = 30 minutes.
2
7. (i) x-coordinate of A(0, 5) = 0
y-coordinate of A(0, 5) = 5
(ii) x-coordinate of B(– 6, – 4) = – 6
y-coordinate of B(– 6, – 4) = – 4
(iii) x-coordinate of C(2, 2) = 2
y-coordinate of C(2, 2) = 2.
8. Let us make a table of three pairs of
points of x and y such that x = y.
x 2 4 6
y 2 4 6
Let us plot the points and join them.
Yes, the given points lie on a line. This
line is parallel to the y-axis.
2. Coordinates of vertices of the triangle
are A(1, 1), B(3/2, 4) and C(3, 1).
Coordinates of the parallelogram are
P(5, 1), Q(6, 4), R(7, 4) and S(6, 1).
From the graph, it is clear that the points

lie on the line passing through the
origin O(0, 0).
3. (i)
6.
(ii)
4. Coordinates of A are (1, 2)

Coordinates of B are (2, 2)
Coordinates of C are (4, 4) Yes the given points lie on a line which
Coordinates of D are (6, 1). is parallel to x-axis. y-coordinate of each
5. y-coordinate of each point is zero. They point is 6.
lie on the x-axis.
7. (i) (ii) The vertical line passing through 12
kg intersects the graph at a point
which corresponds to ` 600 on the
y-axis. So, the cost of 12 kg rice is `
600.
(iii) The horizontal line passing through
` 1500 intersects the graph at a point
which corresponds to 30 kg on the
x-axis. So, 30 kg of rice can be
purchased for ` 1500.
❏❏
Chapter
16 PLAYING WITH NUMBERS

WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 102 Then,
65
1. (A) 42 = 40 + 2 = 10 × 4 + 2. 8+ =x or 8x + 65 = x2
x
2. (D) 421 = 400 + 20 + 1 or 2
x – 8x – 65 =0
= 100 × 4 + 10 × 2 + 1 × 1. or (x + 5)(x – 13) =0
3. (D) Reversing the order of the digits of i.e., x = – 5 or x = 13.
408, we get 804. 13. (B) 8 + 1 = 5 + 4 = 3 + 6 = 7 + 2 = 9.
4. (A) 51 14. (C) 7 5 5
+ 7 2 × 5
1 2 3
3775
5. (C) Since 8 is divisible by 2, therefore 15. (A) Sum of the numbers in any
28 is divisible by 2. horizontal or vertical strip is 22.
6. (B)Let ten’s digit = x So, m = 1.
Then unit’s digit = 9 – x
WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 103
So, 10x + (9 – x) – 9 = 10(9 – x) + x
or 9x = – 9x + 90 or x = 5 1. (i) Reversing the digits of 912, we get
219.
∴ 9 – x= 4
219 = 200 + 10 + 9
Now, required number = 10 × 5 + 4 = 2 × 100 + 1 × 10 + 9.
= 54.
(ii) Reversing the digits of 476, we get
7. (D) 5 + a + 1 + 2 = (8 + a) is divisible by 674.
9 if a = 1. 674 = 600 + 70 + 4
8. (B) 4 + y + 2 = (6 + y) is divisible by 3 if = 6 × 100 + 7 × 10 + 4.
y = 0, 3, 6 or 9.
2. (i) 3 4 7 6 (ii) 6 7 7 5 7
9. (B) 440 is divisible by 5 as it ends with
+ 8 1 6 8 + 7 1 1 1 2
zero.
7 6 1 1 6 4 4 1 3 8 8 6 9
10. (B)
× 6 ∴ x=7 ∴ x = 7, y = 1
and y = 8 and z = 2
4 5 6
3. (i) 8 7 9 (ii) 7 6
11. (C) 9 6 8
– 3 9 8 – 6 3
– 1 7 2
4 8 1 1 3
7 9 6 ∴ p = 8, q = 9, ∴ q = r = 6.
12. (A) Let the missing number be x. r=8
P L A Y I N G W I T H N U M B E R S 177
4. Let unit’s digit of required number be (ii) 1524 = 1000 + 500 + 20 + 4
x, then ten’s digit would be (8 – x) = 1520 + 4 = 10 × 152 + 4.
So, the required number OR
= 10 × (8 – x) + x (i) 15 is divisible by 3 but not by 9.
On reversing the digits, the new number Answer may vary.
= 10 × x + (8 – x) (ii) 25 is divisible by 5 but not by 10.
According to given condition, Answer may vary.
10 × x + (8 – x) = 10 × (8 – x) + x + 18. 10. 999 is the closest to 1000 such that it is

a multiple of 9.
or 10x + 8 – x = 80 – 10x + x + 18
or 18x = 90 or x = 5 WORKSHEE
WORKSHEETT – 104
∴ 8–x =8–5=3
64 1
So, required number = 10 × 3 + 5 = 35. 1. 92 – 28 = 64 ∵ = 9
7 7
5. (i) 2 4 7 ∴ Required quotient = 9.
+ 4 7 1 2. Since (2 + 4 + 5 + 1) – (3 + 6 + 0) i.e., 3
7 1 8 is not divisible by 11. So, 2346501 is not
∴ A = 4 and B = 7 completely divisible by 11.
(ii) 1 1 × 1 1 = 1 2 1 3. a must be either 0 or 5.
∴ A = 1, B = 1 and C = 2 4. Let ten’s digit be x. Then the required
number will be 10 × x + 4, i.e., 10x + 4
Answer may vary.
Further, 10x + 4 = 6 × (x + 4)
6. Yes, such fractions are possible as
or 10x – 6x = 24 – 4
–x x
= or 4x = 20 or x=5
y – y for x > 0, y > 0.
∴ 10x + 4 = 10 × 5 + 4 = 54.
–3 3
Example: = –4 . Hence, the required number is 54.
4
5. 5 2 3
7. 94 – 49 = 45 = 9 × 5
× 4 2
(i) On dividing 9 × 5 by 9, the quotient
1 0 4 6
is 5.
+ 2 0 9 2
(ii) On dividing 9 × 5 by 5, the quotient
2 1 9 6 6
is 9.
8. ∵ Difference = 985 – 958 = 27 6. It will be sunday after 7 days, 14 days,
985 – 958 27 21 days, 28 days, ..... . So, it will be
∴ = = 3. Tuesday after 30 days.
9 9
9. (i) 547 = 500 + 40 + 7 = 540 + 7 7. ∵ 3 × 7 × 37 = 777
= 10 × 54 + 7 ∴ x = 3 and y = 7.
8. 1×1 =1 4. Calculation 1: M O R E
11 × 11 = 121 + S E N D
(i) 111 × 111 = 12321 . M O N E Y
(ii) 1111 × 1111 = 1234321 Calculation 2: 1 0 8 5
11111 × 11111 = 123454321. + 9 5 6 7
1 0 6 5 2
9. (i) 2 3 × 8 = 184.
(ii) 10 × 6 + 9 = 69. Comparing both calculations, we obtain
OR M = 1, O = 0, R = 8, E = 5, S = 9, N = 6,
(i) 8 8 5 D = 7, Y = 2.
+ 9 4 8 5. (i) 7 8 5 7 (ii) 2 9 2 9
1 8 3 3 + 1 9 1 5 + 5 2 7 2
∴ A = 8. 9 7 7 2 8 2 0 1
(ii) 29 + 92 = 121 ∴ y=7 ∴ y = 2.
∴ A = 2, B = 9 and D = 1 6. (7 + 9 + 3 + 5) – (2 + 8 + 4) = 24 – 14 = 10
10. 13, (13 + 5), (13 + 10), (13 + 15), (13 + 20), Since 10 is not divisible by 11, so
(13 + 25), .... 7298345 is not divisible by 11.
or 13, 18, 23, 28, 33 , 38 , ....... OR
11. Let * = m 83450210 is divisible by 2 as it ends
Now, (6 + 6 + 7) – (2 + m) is divisible with 0.
by 11 Sum of digits
or (17 – m) is divisible by 11
= 8 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 0 = 23.
∴ m=6
83450210 is not divisible by 3 as 23 is
Thus the number is 62667. not divisible by 3.
OR 7. Let us think a number A.
13p4 would be a multiple of 6 if it is Double A = 2 × A = 2A
multiple of both 2 and 3.
Adding 18 to 2A, we get 2A + 18
So, p can take values 1, 4, or 7.
Taking away 10 from (2A + 18), we get
WORKSHEET–105 2A + 8.
Half (2A + 8) = A + 4
1. 1500 is divisible by 3 not by 9 as 1 + 5 +
0 + 0 = 6 is divisible by 3 not by 9. Taking away 4 from (A + 4), we get A
2. ∵ 11 × 9 = 99 and 11 × 91 = 1001 Now, we get the number A itself
Thus 99 is the closest to 100 and 1001 is OR
the closest to 1000. (9 + 8 + 6 + 4) – (2 + 5 + 7 + 2)
3. If a number ends with 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8, = 27 – 16 = 11
then it is divisible by 2. Remainder will be 0 when 92856742 is
So, 525620 is divisible by 2. divided by 11 as 11 is divisible by 11.
8. Let Reema’s age be x years as given below
∴ Seema’s age = (8 – x)years. 2 1
Since Reema is 7 years younger than Hence the result is:
Seema. 3 6 6 2 2 1
∴ x + 7 = 8 – x or 2x = 1 Answer may vary.
or x = 0.5 year 4. Sum of digits of 3482341
∴ 8 – x = 8 – 0.5 = 7.5 years. = 3 + 4 + 8 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 = 25.
Therefore, Reema’s age is 6 months and 3482341 is neither divisible by 9 nor by
Seema’s age is 7.5 years. 3 because 25 is neither divisible by 9
9. (i) 2 4 7 nor by 3.
+ 4 7 1 5. The given number 47824600 ends with
7 1 8 0, so it is divisible by 5.
Thus, A = 4 and B = 7. Also, the number ends with two zeroes,

so it is divisible by 4.
(ii) 29 + 92 = 121
Hence, the given number is divisible
∴ A = 2, B = 9 and D = 1. by both 5 and 4.
10. 927643 = 9 × 100000 + 2 × 10000 6. (i) Numbers of eggs and crates vary
+ 7 × 1000 + 6 × 100 + 4 × 10 + 3. directly. So the required number of
WORKSHEET–106 1000
crates = = 50.
20
1. 6257034 is divisible by 2 as the number
Thus, 50 crates will be filled by 1000
ends with an even number.
eggs.
2. (i) (2 + 6 + 5) – (7 + * + 2) (ii) 3 + p – 1 = 2 + p
= 13 – (9 + * ) = 4 – *
To make (2 + p) as a multiple of 11,
Put 4 – * = 0. So, * = 4. we must put p = 9.
(ii) (5 + 2 + 4) – ( * + 1 + 8) So, p = 9.
= 11 – (9 + * ) = 2 – * 7. Let perimeter of the equilateral triangle
Put 2 – * = 0. So, * = 2. as well as the square be 4a units.
3. Let us start with a number 3. Then the Then, area of the triangle
( )
first domino may be filled as given 3 4a 2
4 3a 2
below = × = sq. units
4 3 9
3 6
( 44a )
2
Then the second domino may be filled Area of the square = = a2

as given below
9a 2
6 2 = sq. units
9
Further, the last domino must be filled Therefore, the square occupies more area.
OR 2. (i) 4 5 5 (ii) 6
Number of books in 18 crates + 1 6 1 6
= 18 × 25 = 450 6
6 1 6
Cost of 18 crates of books
+ 6
= Number of books
24
× Cost of a book
Thus, x = 6 Thus, x = 6.
= 450 × 129 = 58050
3. 1 2 1
Thus, the required cost is ` 58050. 5 8 0 3
8. Calculation 1: pq + 8 6 9 2 3
×r
9 2 8 4 7
st
+uv OR
wx (i) 9 + 2 + 5 + 6 = 22
Calculation 2: 17 22 + 2 = 24 is divisible by 3
×4
68 So, * = 2.
+ 25 (ii) 8 + 2 + 4 + 6 + 7 = 27
93 27 is divisible by 3
Comparing both the calculations, we
obtain p = 1, q = 7, r = 4, s = 6, t = 8,
So, * = 0.
4. 4 + 7 + 8 + 6 + 3 + 4 + 8 = 40
u = 2, v = 5, w = 9 and x = 3.
40 is not divisible by 3.
9. (i) (ii)
4786348 is not divisible by 3 because
20 1 12 1 15 14 4 sum of the digits is not divisible by 3.
3 11 19 12 6 7 9 48 is divisible by 4.
10 21 2 8 10 11 5 4786348 is divisible by 4 because
number obtained by last two digits is
13 3 2 16 divisible by 4.
5. Reversing the order of digits of 928456,
WORKSHEET
WORKSHEET–– 107 we get number 654829.
654829 = 6 × 100000 + 5 × 10000 + 4
1. Let the value of * be x.
× 1000 + 8 × 100 + 2 × 10 + 9
According to the given conditions, we 6. 21x8 is a multiple of 2.
have
2 + 1 + 8 = 11
( x + 2) × 3 – 6 11 + 1 = 12 is a multiple of 3
=x+2–2=x
3 Also, 11 + 4 = 15 and 11 + 7 = 18 are
But * = x. multiples of 3
So, the result is the number (*) itself. Therefore, x = 1, 4 or 7.
7. 1784 = 1780 + 4 = 10 × 178 + 4 9. (9 + 4 + 8 + 6) – (2 + 9 + 2) = 27 – 13 = 14
1784 = 1700 + 80 + 4 14 – 3 = 11 is divisible by 11.
= 100 × 17 + 10 × 8 + 4.
So, the required remainder is 3.
8. Sum of the digits
10. 5 + 2 – x = 7 – x
= 1 + 8 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 + 5 + 2 = 31
To make (7 – x) as a multiple of 11, we
31 – 4 = 27 is divisible by 9.
must substitute x = 7
So, the required remainder is 4.
So, x = 7.
OR
3 years = 12 × 3 months = 36 months 11. The three-digit least number whose
digits are in ascending order is 123.
∵ Incoming of 1 month = ` 9250
∴ Incoming of 36 months = 36 × ` 9250 To make 123 as a multiple of 4, we
= ` 333000 should replace 3 by 4.
Thus, the man earns ` 333000 in 3 years. Therefore, the required number is 124.
❏❏
PRACTICE PAPERS
Practice Paper-1 8. (A) Number of edges = 6.
SECTION-A
Edge
1. (A) Since denominator of any rational
number cannot be zero.
3 –5 9. (D) We have
2. (D) Consider 2x – =
2 2 (– 4)8 ÷ (– 4)5
= (– 4)8 – 5 [∵ am ÷ an = am – n]
–5 3 – 5+3
⇒ 2x = + = = (– 4)3 = (– 4) × (– 4) × (– 4)
2 2 2 = – 64.
–2 7 x 7 7
= = –1 10. (C) Given: = ⇒ x= ×3=
2 6 3 6 2
1 2 2 7
∴ x= – . ∴ x= × = 1.
2 7 7 2
3. (C) We know that diagonals of a SECTION-B
rhombus (or a square) bisect each other 11. ∵ In 2 kg of sugar, there are 9 × 106
at 90°. crystals.
4. (C) We know that if a dice is rolled 9 ×106
then all possible outcomes are: 1, 2, 3, ∴ In 1 kg of sugar, there are
2
4, 5, 6. crystals
Out of them getting a set of prime ∴ In 5 kg of sugar, there are
numbers is 2, 3, 5. 9 ×106
× 5 crystals.
5. (D) A set a, b, c is said to be Pytha- 2
gorean triplet if a2 + b2 = c2. = 22.5 × 106
Here, 32 + 42 = 9 + 16 = 25 = 52. = 2.25 × 107 crystals.
∴ 3, 4, 5 is the Pythagorean triplet. Alternative Method:
6. (B) Since the cube root of 83 Weight of sugar 2 kg 5 kg
1
3× Number of crystals 9× 106 x
=
83 = 3 = 8.8 3
Here, weight and number of crystals
7. (B) Sum = (5xy – 6z + 7)
of sugar are in direct variation.
+ (10xy + 6z – 7)
= (5xy + 10xy) + (– 6z + 6z) 2 9 ×106
∴ = ⇒ 2 × x = 5 × 9 × 106
+ (7 – 7) 5 x
(Regrouping like terms) 45 ×106
⇒ x= = 22.5 × 106
= 15xy + 0 + 0 = 15xy. 2
= 2.25 × 107.
P R A C T I C E P A P E R S 183
3x – 1 2x + 5 –8
12. We have = 14. Given: Sum of two numbers =
4 3 5
Cross-multiplying, 2
One number =
3(3x – 1) = 4(2x + 5) 15
–8 2
⇒ 9x – 3 = 8x + 20 ∴ Other number = –
5 15
Transposing, 9x – 8x = 20 + 3 L.C.M. of 5 and 15 is 15.
∴ x = 23. – 24 – 2 – 26
= = .
13. Given: 15 15
B A 15. Given expression = x2 + 5x + 4
× 2 3 and value of x = – 3
5 7 A
∴ Value of expression at x = – 3 is
Changing into complete system, (– 3)2 + 5(– 3) + 4 = 9 – 15 + 4
[∵ 5(– 3) = 5 × (– 3) ! 5 – 3]
= 13 – 15 = – 2.
16. Given dimensions of cuboid
= 35 cm × 30 cm × 24 cm
Volume = lbh
Putting A = 5 = 35 cm × 30 cm × 24 cm
[∵5 is the digit that gives product 15 Changing cm to m,
(i.e., ones digit A) when multiplied
35 30 24
by 3]. = × ×
100 100 100
25200
= = 0.0252 m3.
1000000
17. From given figure,
∠1 + 90° = 180°
(Using linear
Now, 7 – (1 + 0) = 6
pair axiom)
and 6 ÷ 3 = 2.
So putting B = 2, ∠1 = 180° – 90° = 90°
Now, using angle sum property of a
quadrilateral, we have,
∠1 + x + 70° + 60° = 360°
⇒ 90° + x + 70° + 60° = 360°
⇒ x + 220° = 360°
∴ A = 5, B = 2. ∴ x = 360° – 220° = 140°.
18. For a polyhedron we have 21. Given number = 432 2 432
F = 10, E = 20 and V = 15. Taking prime factorization, 2 216
Putting these values in Euler’s formula ∴ 432 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 2 108
F + V – E = 2. ×3×3×3 2 54
i.e., 10 + 15 – 20 = 25 – 20 = 5 ! 2. = 22 × 22 × 32 ×3 3 27
Thus, a polyhedron cannot have the In above factorization, 3 is 3 9
given values. not in pair, so to make 432 3
SECTION-C perfect square we should
19. Given: P = ` 5000, r = 8% per annum multiply it by 3.
t = 2 years, C.I. = ? 22. Consider 1728 2 1728

Using formula, Taking prime factorization, 2 864
t 2 ∴ 1728 = 2 × 2 × 2 2 432
 r   8 

A = P1+ 
 = 5000 1+ 
 100   100  ×2×2×2 2 216
×3×3×3 2 108
 100 + 8 2 2 54
= 5000  = 23 × 23 × 33
 100  3 27
Thus, we observe that every
factors have exponent 3. 3 9
 108 2 108 108
= 5000   = 5000 × × 3
 100  100 100 Therefore, 1728 is a perfect
= ` 5832 cube.
∴C.I. = A – P = ` 5832 – ` 5000 = ` 832. 23. Let cost price of an article be ` 100.
So, from question marked price
7  11 – 15 
20. L.H.S. = ×  ×  = ` 100 + 20% of ` 100
11 12 22 
20
7  – 15  7 – 15 = 100 + 100 ×
= ×   = × 100
11 12 × 2  11 24
= 100 + 20 = ` 120
– 105 Also discount = 12%
=
264
∴ Selling price = ` 120 – 12% of ` 120
 7 11  – 15
R.H.S. =  ×  × 12
11 12 22 = 120 – 120 ×
100
7 – 15 7 – 15 = 120 – 14.40 = ` 105.60
=   × = ×
12 22 12 22 Now gain = S.P. – C.P.
– 105 = 105.60 – 100 = ` 5.60

=
264 5.60
∴ Gain % = × 100 = 5.6%.
Thus, L.H.S. = R.H.S. Proved. 100
1 3 26. Let ABCD be a
24. (i) 3x + = +x rhombus whose
2 8 diagonals AC and
Transposing, BD bisect each other
3 1 3–4 –1 at O.
3x – x = – ⇒ 2x = = Also let AC = 6 cm, BD = 8 cm
8 2 8 8
Dividing both sides, by 2 We know that area of a rhombus
2x 1 –1 1
=– ⇒ x= . = product of diagonals
2 8×2 16 2
5
(ii) 2x + 3(x – 7) = 1 1
2 = × AC × BD = ×6×8
2 2
5
⇒ 2x + 3x – 21 = = 24 cm2.
2
Again, in right triangle AOB,
5
⇒ 5x – 21 = AB2 = AO2 + BO2
2
Transposing, [By Pythagoras theorem]
= 3 + 42 = 9 + 16
2
5 5 + 42 47
5x = + 21 ⇒ 5x = = ∴ AB = 25 = 5 cm.
2 2 2
Dividing by 5 both sides,
25 × t – 4
5x 47 47 27. (i) (t ! 0)
= ⇒ x = = 4.7. 5 – 3 ×10 × t – 8
5 2×5 10
25. Distance covered 52 × t – 4
=
= 1.6 km = 1.6 × 1000 m 5 – 3 ×2 ×5 ×t – 8
(∵ 1 km = 1000 m) 5 2 – ( – 3) – 1 × t – 4 – (– 8)
= 1600 m =
2
Time taken = 5 minutes 20 seconds
am
= 5 × 60 + 20 = 300 + 20 [∵ = am – n ]
an
= 320 seconds 52 + 3 – 1 × t – 4 + 8 54 × t4
Distance covered = =
Speed = 2 2
Time taken 625 t 4
1600 m = .
= 2
320 s = 5 m/s
To convert m/s into km/h, we have to (ii) (30 + 4–1) × 22
18
multiply the speed obtained by .  1 1
5 = 1 +  × 4 [∵ a0 = 1, a – 1 = ]
4 a
18
Therefore, speed = 5 × km/h
5  4 + 1 5
=   ×4= × 4 = 5.
= 18 km/h. 4  4
28. We have circumference of base of a 30.
cylinder = 88 cm.
⇒ 2pr = 88
88 88 ×7
⇒ r= =
2p 2 × 22
= 14 cm
∴ Volume of the cylinder
= pr2h
22
= × (14)2 × 42
7
(∵ Given h = 42 cm)
= 22 × 196 × 6 = 25872 cm3.
SECTION-D Steps of construction:

1. Take a line segment PQ = 3 cm.
29. Given: Capacity of a cylinder = 15.4 l 2. Make an angle of measure 80° at Q
with the help of protractor. Then
15.4
⇒ Volume of the cylinder = m3 draw a ray QX.
1000 3. Taking P as centre and 6 cm as
[∵ 1000 l = 1 m3] radius, draw an arc which cuts ray
QX at R.
154
⇒ pr2h = 4. Further, taking 5 cm as radii and
10000 with centres P as well as R, draw
two arcs which cut each other at S.
22 154
⇒ × r2 × 1 = 5. Now join PR, PS and RS.
7 10000 Thus, the quadrilateral PQRS is
(∵ h = 1 m given) formed.
31. (i) Let B’s income be ` 100.
154 7 7 ×7 So A’s income = ` 100 – 40% of ` 100
⇒ r2 = × =
10000 22 100 ×100 = ` 100 – ` 40 = ` 60
So the difference between their
7 incomes
∴ r=
100 = ` 100 – ` 60 = ` 40.
Now total surface area of closed Since A’s income is ` 60 then B’s
income is ` 40 more than that of A’s
cylinder income
= 2pr(r + h) ∴ A’s income is ` 1 then B’s income
22 7  7 + 1 40
=2× ×   is ` more than that of A’s
7 100  100  60
income.
2 × 22 107 4708 ∴ A’s income is ` 100 then B’s
= × =
100 100 10000 40 2
= 0.4708 m .2 income is ` × 100 = 66 %.
60 3
(ii) Given 30% of x = 60 (iii) The students spent more than 5
30 hours in watching the show means
⇒ × x = 60
100 the students that spent 5 to 6 or 6
60 ×100
∴ x = = 200. to 7 hours.
30
32. From graph plotted to the below, it is So, the total number of such students
clear that the points lie on the same = 8 + 6 = 14.
line ABCD. –3 2
34. (i) Given monomials are 9x2y, yz ,
7
–3 2
y z and 6x3y2z2.
8
∴ Product of the monomials
 – 3 2   – 3 2 
= (9x2y) ×  yz  × 
  8
y z

7
× (6x3y2z2)
 – 3 – 3 
= 9× × × 6 × (x2 × x3)

7 8
33. (i) In the given graph, maximum × (y × y × y2 × y2) × (z2 × z × z2)

number of students is 32 and they
243 . 2 + 3. 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 1 + 2
watched the show for 4- 5 hours. = x y .z
28
243 5 6 5
= x y z .
28
(ii) Given number is 5184.
Using prime factorization,
∴ 5184 = 2 × 2 × 2 2 5184
×2×2×2 2 2592
×3×3×3×3 2 1296
= 23 × 23 × 33 × 3 2 648
In factorization, we obs- 2 324
erve that a 3 is not in 2 162
(ii) The students watched the show for exponent of 3. So we 3 81
less than 4 hours means that need eliminate 3 to 5184 3 27
students watched the show for 1 to
a perfect cube. 3 9
2, 2 to 3 or 3 to 4 hours.
So, the total number of such students Thus, the least required 3
= 4 + 8 + 4 = 16. number is 3.
Practice Paper-2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(Closure property).
SECTION-A
1. (C) L.H.S. = 14x3 = 2 × 7 × x × x × x 10. (B) We have V = 5, F = 5, E = ?
[Using prime factorization] Using Euler’s formula, F + V – E = 2
= R.H.S. ⇒ 5+5–E=2 ⇒ 10 – 2 = E
2. (D) Starting from 0, firstly we move ∴ E = 8.
3 units to the right on x-axis and then
SECTION-B
5 units upward along y-axis.
Thus, we reach at the point D which 11. Cube of – 1.3 = (– 1.3)3
represents (3, 5). = (– 1.3) × (– 1.3) × (– 1.3)
3. (A) By the divisibility test of 10, we = –2.197.
know that number divisible by 10 has
12. Let the number of side of a regular
always ones digit as 0. polygon be n.
We have measure of each exterior angle
4. (B) Subtraction is not commutative
= 45°
 1   
e.g.,
1
–
1=  ! 1 – 1 = – 1  . ⇒
360°
= 45° ⇒
360°
= n ∴ n = 8.
2 4 4  4 2 4  n 45°
–4 1 1
5. (C) Putting m = in L.H.S, 13. One rational number between and
3 3 2
–4 1 1 2+3
17 + 6m = 17 + 6 × +
3 3 2 6 5 1
= = = ×
= 17 + 2 × (– 4) = 17 – 8 2 2 6 2
= 9 = R.H.S. 5
= .
6. (A) By theorem, sum of all exterior 12
angles of a quadrilateral (or any 1
Second rational number between
polygon) = 360°. 3
7. (B) Class width of a class interval 1
and i.e., the rational number
= Upper limit – Lower limit 2
= 40 – 30 = 10. 5 1 5+6
+
5 1 12 2 12
8. (D) Consider 122 – 12 between and = =
12 2 2 2
= (12 + 1)(12 – 1)
11 1 11
[∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)] = × =
12 2 24
= 13 × 11 = 143.
1 1
9. (C) (a + b)2 = (a + b)(a + b) Thus, two rationals between and
3 2
= a(a + b) + b(a + b)
(Distributive property) are 5 , 11 .
12 24
= a + ab + ba + b2
2
[Note. There are infinitely many
= a2 + ab + ab + b2
rational numbers between two rational
(Commutative property)
numbers.]
Alternative Method: 2 –8
R.H.S. = b + a = +
1 1 3 7
Given rational numbers are and .
3 2 2×7 +(– 8)×3
=
Taking equivalent rationals with the 21
same denominator (i.e., L.C.M.), 14 – 24 – 10
= =
1× 2 1× 3 21 21
and [∵ L.C.M. of 2 and 3 Thus, L.H.S. = R.H.S.
3×2 2×3
16. Let a number be x. So eight times of
= 2 × 3 = 6]
the number is 8x.
2 3 According to question, now to simplify
⇒ and
6 6 the equation divide both sides by 8.
Here difference between the nume- 8x 72
= ∴ x = 9.
rators 2 and 3 is 1 and we have to find 8 8
two rational numbers. 17. Given expression: x2 + 10x + 24
Therefore, we multiply both rationals Find the product x2 and 24 i.e., 24x2
(Numerator and Denominator) by 3. Factorize the product, 2 24 x 2
2×3 3×3 6 9 Regroup these factors into
⇒ and ⇒ and 2 12 x 2
6×3 6×3 18 18 two groups such that their
2
6 7 8 9 sum is equal to the middle 2 6 x
⇒ < < < term.
18 18 18 18 3 3x2
1 7 8 1 So we find such groups as x x2
⇒ < < < 2 × 2 × x and 2 × 3 × x i.e.,
3 18 18 2 x
4x and 6x.
7 8
Thus, the rationals are and . Now split up the middle term as the
18 18
sum 4x + 6x.
(Answer may vary)
2 ∴ Expression
 3 2  – 12 32 ( – 1)
 
14.   ×   = 2 × = x2 + 4x + 6x + 24
 4  3  4 32
= (x2 + 4x) + (6x + 24)(Regrouping )
9 1 1
= × = . = x(x + 4) + 6(x + 4)
16 9 16
(Taking common)
–8 2
15. Given: a = , b= = (x + 4)(x + 6).
7 3
}
To verify: a + b = b + a 18. In a triangle, base (b) = 30 cm
Given
–8 2 altitude (h) = 6 cm
L.H.S. = a + b = + ∴ Area of the triangle
7 3
– 8 × 3 + 2 ×7 – 24 + 14 1
= = = ×b×h (Formula)
21 21 2
– 10 1
= = × 30 × 6 = 90 cm2.
21 2
SECTION-C 1
= × 10 × 24 = 120 m2.
19. Side of a small cube = 15 cm 2
∴Volume of the cube 21. We have base radii of two right circular
cones are in the ratio 3 : 5
= (Side)3 = (15 cm)3
r1 3
= 15 cm × 15 cm × 15 cm ⇒ =
r2 5
Dimensions of a big cuboidal box Also their
= 1.5 m × 90 cm × 75 cm height are
= 150 cm × 90 cm × 75 cm same say h.
V1
∴ The number of cubes that can be Therefore, ratio of their volumes = V
2
filled in bigger box 1 2
pr1 h
Volume of cuboidal box = 3
= 1 2
Volume of a cube pr2 h
3 1 2
150 × 90 × 75 (∵ Volume of a cone = π r h )
= 3
2
15 ×15 ×15 r 2  
r1   32
9
= 10 × 6 × 5 = 300. = 12 =   =   =
r2  r2   5 25
20. Let ABCD be a rhombus in which all
∴ V1 : V2 = 9 : 25.
sides are of 13 m and diagonal AC =
10 m. 22. Given: Curved surface area of a
cylinder = 1320 cm2
and base diameter = 21 cm
21
∴ Radius r = cm.
Also let diagonals AC and BD bisect 2
each other perpendicularly at O. We know that curv-
ed surface area of
10 the cylinder = 2prh
∴ AO = OC = =5m
2 22 21
In right-triangle AOB, using ⇒ 1320 = 2 × × ×h
7 2
Pythagoras theorem, 1320 × 7 × 2
AO2 + OB2 = AB2 ⇒ h= = 20 cm
2 × 22 × 21
⇒ 52 + OB2 = 132
⇒ OB2 = 169 – 25 = 144 Now, volume of the cylinder
∴ 22  212
OB = 144 = 12 m = pr2h = ×   × 20
7 2
∴ BD = 2 × OB = 2 × 12 = 24 m
Therefore, area of the rhombus 22 441
= × × 20
1 7 4
= × AC × BD
2 = 22 × 63 × 5 = 6930 cm3.
23. Square root of 28 = 28 Distance 375 m
Using long division method, ∴ Time taken = =
Speed 25
m/s
5.291 2
5 28.00 00 00
375 × 2
5 – 25 = = 30 seconds.
102 300 25
2 – 204  1  – 1  1  – 1 

  
1049 9600 26. (i) 
  –    = {3 – 4}
9 – 9441  3
 4 
10581 15900 (Taking reciprocals)
– 10581 = – 1.
5319 (ii) (3 – 1 + 4 + 5 1)0
– 1 –
∴ 28 = 5.291 l 5.29.  1 1 1 0

24. (i) Out of 0 to 9, 5 is the only digit =  + +  (Taking reciprocals)
 3 4 5
which when added odd number of
times the sum also has the ones  20 + 15 + 12 0  47 0
digit as 5. =   =   = 1.
5  60   60 
So we take A = 5 and add 5 [∵ a0 = 1]
three times. +5 27. Cost price of a sofa = ` 800
Thus, we get B = 1. 15 Selling price of the same sofa = ` 1040
(ii) Here, S.P. > C.P.
∴ Profit = S.P. – C.P.
3 1 Q Rewrite 5 0 1 5 0 1
= ` 1040 – ` 800 = ` 240
+1 Q 3 → – 1 Q 3 → –1 8 3
Profit
5 0 1 3 1Q 3 1 8 ∴ Profit % = ×100
C.P.
Subtract the right column and transfer 240
= × 100 = 30%.
the digit so obtained 800
∴ Q=8 28. Cube root of 13824
2 13824
25. = 3
13824 2 6912
Let us factorize 13824 2 3456
2 1728
∴ 3
13824 2 864
Length of a train = 375 m
2 432
Speed of the train= 45 km/h 2 ×2 ×2 × 2 ×2 × 2
= 3 2 216
5 × 2 ×2 ×2 × 3×3×3
25 2 108
= 45 × = m/s
18 2 2 54
= 3
23 × 23 × 23 × 33
Since, the train has to pass a single 3 27
post, that means train has to cover its =2×2×2×3 3 9
length i.e., 375 m. = 24. 3
SECTION-D 1 1 2
29. (ii) + =
a+2 a +1 a + 10
a + 1+ a + 2 2
⇒ ( a + 2)( a + 1) =
a + 10
2a + 3 2
⇒ 2 =
a + 3a + 2 a + 10
Cross-multiplying,
(2a + 3)(a + 10) = 2(a2 + 3a + 2)
Steps of construction: ⇒ 2a2 + 23a + 30 = 2a2 + 6a + 4
1. Take a line segment AB = 3 cm. ⇒ 23a – 6a = 4 – 30
2. Using protractor, make an angle of (Transposing)
measure 100° at A and another angle ⇒ 17a = – 26
of measure 130° at B. – 26
3. Draw two rays AX and BY. ∴ a= .
17
∴ ∠BAX = 100° and ∠ABY = 130°. 31. (i) The horizontal (x) axis shows the
4. Taking 3.5 cm radius with centre B, time. The vertical (y) axis shows
draw an arc that intersects the ray the distance of the car from City A.
BY at C.
(ii) The car started from City A at 8 a.m.
5. Again, taking 2.5 cm radius with
centre A, draw another arc that (iii) The speed of the car was not the
intersects the ray AX at D. same all the time.
6. Now Join CD. (iv) We find that the car was 200 km
Thus, we obtain the quadrilateral away from City A when the time
ABCD. was 11 a.m. and also at 12 noon. This
shows that the car did not travel
x 4 2  x + 1 during the interval 11 a.m. to 12
30. (i) + = (4x – 1) – 2 x – 
3 3 3 3  noon. The horizontal line segment
x+4 2(4 x – 1) 6 x – ( x + 1) representing "travel" during this
⇒ = – period is illustrative of this fact.
3 3 3
x+4 8x – 2 6x – x – 1 (v) The car reached to City B at 2 p.m.
⇒ = – 32. When two dice are thrown together then
3 3 3
x+4 8 x – 2 – (5 x – 1) total possible outcomes are follows:
⇒ = (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6)
3 3
Multiplying both sides by 3, (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)
x + 4 = 8x – 2 – (5x – 1) (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)
⇒ x + 4 = 8x – 2 – 5x + 1 (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)
⇒ x + 4 = 3x – 1 (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)
⇒ x – 3x = – 1 – 4 (Transposing) (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)
⇒ – 2x = – 5 ∴ The total number of outcomes is 36.
5 (i) Getting the sum as an even num-
∴ x= . ber, the favourable outcomes are:
2
(ii)
(1, 1), (1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 2), (2, 4),
(2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 3), (3, 5), (4, 2),
(4, 4), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 3), (5, 5),
(6, 2), (6, 4), (6, 6).
∴ The total number of favourable
outcomes is 18.
∵ P (getting an even number as
the sum)
Number of favourable outcomes
=
 13 
=
18
= .
1 34. (i) (a + 7) × (a2 + 3a + 5) – 10a  a + 
36 2 5
(ii) Getting a total of at least 6 means = a(a2 + 3a + 5) + 7(a2 + 3a + 5)
the sum ≥ 6. 13
– 10a × a – 10a ×
∴ Favourable outcomes are: 5
(1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), [Distributive property]
(3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 2), = a3 + 3a2 + 5a + 7a2 + 21a + 35
(4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 1),... – 10a2 – 26a
(5, 6), (6, 1),... ,(6, 6) [Distributive property]
∴ Total number of favourable = a + (3a + 7a2 – 10a2)
3 2
outcomes is 26. + (5a + 21a – 26a) + 35
∴ P(getting total of at least 6) = a + 0 + 0 + 35 = a3 + 35.
3
26 13 (ii) (a + b) (2a – 3b + c) – (2a – 3b)c

= = . = a(2a – 3b + c) + b(2a – 3b + c)
36 18
33. (i) – 2ac + 3bc
[Distributive property]
= 2a2 – 3ab + ac + 2ab – 3b2 + bc
– 2ac + 3bc
= 2a2 – 3b2 – 3ab + 2ab + bc + 3bc
+ ac – 2ac
[Rearranging]
= 2a2 – 3b2 – ab + 4bc – ac.
Practice Paper-3
SECTION-A
1. (B) Curved surface area
= base perimeter × height
= circumference of circular base
× height
= 2pr × h = 2prh.
2. (B) (1– 1 + 2 – 1 + 3 – 1 + 4 – 1 + 5 – 1)0 ∴ ∠B = ∠D ⇒ y = 112°
0
 1 1 1 1 1 Using angle sum property in ∆ADC,
= 1+ + + +  (∵ a1 = )
 2 3 4 5 a 40° + x + y = 180°
0
 60 + 30 + 20 + 15 + 12  ⇒ 40° + x + 112° = 180°
=  
 60  ∴ x = 180° – 152° = 28°.
 137 0 Now DCyAB and Ac is transversal.
=   = 1. (∵ a0 = 1)
 60  ∴ ∠BAC = ∠ACD
3. (A) By the definition of direct variation,
(Alternate interior angle)
two variables are always in constant
⇒ z = x = 28°.
ratio. So, true equation is x ÷ y = 11.
4. (D) Observing all the pairs, we 256 256
conclude that one such pair whose both 12. Square root of =
441 441
members having 3 or its multiple as a
coefficient is 3xy, 27. 256 2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2
5. (C) Origin is the intersecting point of = =
441 3 × 3 ×7 × 7
axes where x and y-coordinate are zero.
So the coordinates of origin are (0, 0). 22 × 22 × 22 × 22 2×2×2×2
= =
6. (B) Expanded form of 801 2
3 ×7 2 3 ×7
= 8 hundreds + 0 tens + 1 ones 16
= 8 × 100 + 0 × 10 + 1 × 1 = .
21
i.e., 100 × 8 + 10 × 0 + 1 × 1. 13. (i) (a + b)2 = (a + b)(a + b)
7. (B) Multiplicative inverse of a – 1 = a(a + b) + b(a + b)
−1 = a2 + ab + ab + b2
 1
= (a – 1) – 1 =   =a = a2 + 2ab + b2.
 a
(ii) (x + a )(x + b) = x(x + b) + a(x + b)
8. (C) By the definition, linear equation in = x2 + bx + ax + ab
one variable must has a variable of = x2 + (b + a)x + ab
degree 1. But we observe that 3 + 2x2 = 5 = x2 + (a + b)x + ab.
has its variable of degree x. 14. Let a man’s original salary be ` x.
9. (C) A convex quadrilateral has two of After 10% increament his new salary
its diagonals in interior region. is ` 154000.
10. (A) In the given data, 122 is appeared ⇒ x + 10% of x = 154000
frequently four times. So its frequency 10
is 4. ⇒ x+x× = 154000
100
SECTION-B 100 x + 10 x
11. Let A, B, C, D be the vertices of given ⇒ = 154000
100
quadrilateral. 110 x
We know that ⇒ = 154000
100
opposite angles of 100
a parallelogram ∴ x = 154000 × = 14000 × 10
110
are equal. = ` 1,40,000.
15. Let breadth of a rectangle 20. Let Seema’s age = x years.
be x. So length of the According to question,
rectangle be 2x. Reema’s age = (x – 7) years
From question, Area = 288 cm2 Given that sum of their ages is 8 years
⇒ 2x × x = 288 [∵ Area = lb] ⇒ x + x – 7 = 8 ⇒ 2x – 7 = 8
⇒ 2x = 8 + 7 = 15
288 15 1
⇒ 2x2 = 288 ⇒ x2 = = 144 ∴ x = = 7 years
2 2 2
∴ x = 144 1
= 7 years + × 12 months
2
= 2×2×2×2×3×3 = 7 years and 6 months
= 1 1
22 × 22 × 32 and x – 7 = 7 – 7 = years
2 2
= 2×2×3 1
= 12 cm. = × 12 months = 6 months
2
∴ Length = 2x = 2 × 12 = 24 cm, Hence, Reema’s age = 6 months
breadth = x = 12 cm. Seema’s age = 7 years and 6 months or
16. Given number is 629. 7.5 years.
Sum of the digits in the given number 21. We know that a number is divisible by
= 6 + 2 + 9 = 17 which is not 11 when the difference between the
divisible by 3 as well as 9. sums of digits at odd places and even
places is 0 or multiple of 11.
Thus, 629 is not divisible by 3 and 9.
So, 276 * is divisible by 11 if
17. Cube of 1.1 = (1.1)3 = 1.1 × 1.1 × 1.1
|(2 + 6) – (7 + *)| = 0 or 11 or 22...
= 1.331.
⇒ |8 – 7 – *| = 0 or 11 or ...
107 ×10 3 10 7 + 3 ⇒ |1 – *| = 0 or 11
18. = [∵ am × an = am + n]
(2 × 5)6 (10)6 (Rest neglecting)
⇒ 1 – * = 0 or ± 11
1010 ⇒ 1 – * = 0 or 1 – * = ± 11
=
106 ⇒ * = 1 or
 am 
m – n
= 1010 – 6
∵ = a  * = – 10 or 12
 an  [Not possible]
= 104. ∴ = 1.
*
SECTION-C 22. Length of the room = 3.2 m
 1 8 2 Breadth of the room = 2.8 m
19. Additive inverse of 3 × ÷  Height of the room = 2.4 m
2 21 3 
We know that area of four walls
 1 8 2  7 8 3  = Perimeter of floor × height
= – 3 × ÷  = –  × × 
 2 21 2 
2 21 3 = 2(l + b) × h = 2(3.2 + 2.8) × 2.4
= – ( 2) = – 2. = 2 × 6.0 × 2.4 = 28.8 m2.
Rate of painting the walls Using division method, 2 4, 8, 12
= ` 15 per m 2 ∴ LCM = 4, 8 and 12 2 2, 4, 6
∴ Total cost of painting the four walls =2×2×2×3 1, 2, 3
= Rate × Area = 24
= ` 15 × 28.8 = ` 432. Since we have to find least square
number which is exactly divisible by
23.
4, 8 and 12. But observing factors con-
tained in LCM, we see that 24 is not a
perfect square. So multiplying 24 by 2
× 3 i.e. 6, we get 24 × 6 = 144 which is
the required number.
26. Principal = ` 7,000,
Rate of interest = 7% yearly,
Time = 3 years, Simple Interest = ?,
Amount = ?
Using formula,
From graph, we find that the given P×R×T 7000 ×7 × 3

S.I.= = = ` 1470
points lie on the same vertical line. 100 100
This line is named as y-axis. ∴ Amount = P + S.I.
24. On the basis of given = ` 7000 + ` 1470 = ` 8,470.
information, the spinning Thus, Geeta will have to pay her friend
wheel may be as shown to ` 1,470 as simple interest and ` 8,470
the right. as amount.
It has total number of sectors 5. 2  1 – 3 x  x–7
27. (4x – 1) –  4 x – 
 =
Number of green sectors is 3 3 2 2
2(4 x – 1) 8 x – (1 – 3 x ) x–7
∴ The probability of getting a green ⇒ – =
3 2 2
Number of green sector 3
sector = = . 8 x – 2 8 x – 1+ 3 x x–7
Total number of sector 5 ⇒ – =
3 2 2
Further, number of blue sector = 1
8x – 2 11x – 1 x–7
So total number of non-blue sectors ⇒ – =
3 2 2
=5–1=4 Multiplying both sides by the LCM of
The probability of getting a non-blue denominators, i.e., by 6 (L.C.M. of 2, 3)
Number of non-blue sectors 2(8x – 2) – 3(11x – 1) = 3(x – 7)
sector =
Total number of sectors ⇒ 16x – 4 – 33x + 3 = 3x – 21
4 Transposing variables and constants,
= .
5 16x – 33x – 3x = – 21 + 4 – 3
25. We know that the least number which
⇒ 16x – 36x = 4 – 24
exactly divisible by given number is
⇒ – 20x = – 20
their LCM.
20
∴ Let us find L.C.M. of 4, 8 and 12. ∴ x= = 1.
20
28. Suppose Kishore’s wife’s salary be 30. To plot the given data on a graph,
` 100. firstly, we choose the suitable axes for
So Kishore’s salary the quantity of petrol and its cost. Since
= ` 100 + 10% of ` 100 cost of petrol depend on the quantity
= ` 100 + ` 10 = ` 110. of petrol, we take quantity of petrol in
So the difference between their salaries litre on x-axis and cost in ` on y-axis.
= ` 110 – ` 100 = ` 10. Also we take the scale 1 unit = ` 100
Since Kishore’s salary is ` 110 then his on y-axis and 1 unit = 5 litres on
wife’s salary is ` 10 less x- axis. Then plot the points (10, 500),
So Kishore’s salary is ` 1 then his wife’s (15, 750), (20, 1000), (25, 1250) as shown
on the graph.
10
salary is less
110
So Kishore’s salary is ` 100 then his
10
wife’s salary is × 100 less
110
100 1
= = 9 %.
11 11
SECTION-D
29. (i) The greatest three-digit number
= 999
Let us try to find the greatest three-
digit perfect square number.
At first, we try to find
square root of 999 using
division method.
Subtracting remainder 38
from 999,
999 – 38 = 961 which is
the required number.
(ii) Given number = 11,664 2 11664
Applying prime fact- 2 5832
orization method.
2 2916
31. (i) Steps of construction:
∴ 11664 2 1458 1. Take a line segment of measure
3 729 4.5 cm and name it AB.
2 × 2 × 2 × 2 ×3 × 3
= 3 243 2. Using ruler and compass, make
×3 × 3 × 3 × 3 an angle of 90° at A and B. Then
3 81 draw two rays AX and BY.
= 22 × 22 ×32 × 32 × 32 3 27 3. Taking radius as 4.5 cm and
3 9 centres as A and B, draw two arcs
=2×2×3×3×3
that cut the rays AX at D and BY
= 108. 3
at C.
4. Join CD. Length (i.e., height) of the rod roller
Thus, the square ABCD is obtained. =2m
∴ Curved surface area = 2prh
22
=2× × 0.7 × 2
7
= 8.8 m2
Since in 1 revolution the rod roller
covers the area = 8.8 m
So in 10 revolution the rod roller
covers the area = 8.8 × 10 = 88 m2.
(ii) Lengths of the
parallel sides are
12 cm and 16 cm.
Distance between
(ii) Steps of construction: the parallel sides
1. Take a line segment of measure i.e., altitude = 2.5 cm
3 cm and name it AB.
∴ Area of the trapezium
2. Using ruler and compass, make 1
an angle of 60° at A and draw a = × (Sum of parallel sides)
2
ray AX.
3. Further, taking 2 cm as radius and × Altitude
A as centre, draw an arc that cuts 1
ray AX at D. = × (12 + 16) × 2.5
2
4. Now taking radii of lengths 2 cm 1
and 3 cm with respectively centres = × 28 × 2.5
2
B and D, draw two arcs that = 14 × 2.5 = 35 cm2.
intersect each other at C. 33. (i) Consider
6xx5x
+7yyyz
138869
This puzzle has three letters x, y

and z whose values are to be found.
5. Join BC and DC.
We study the sum in the ones
Thus, a parallelogram ABCD is column. The sum of two letters x
obtained.
and z is 9 so it is clear that the carry
32. (i) Diameter of a rod roller = 1.4 m cannot be forwarded to the tens
∴ Radius (r) of a rod roller column.
1.4 When we study the tens column,
= m
2 the sum of 5 and y is 6 i.e., 5 + y = 6
= 0.7 m [∵ The sum 16 is not possible
if 5 is added to a digit out of 0 to 9] The region unshaded in interior of
∴ y=1 trapezium ABCD is a rectangle with
Therefore, studying in hundreds and dimensions 4 cm × 3 cm.
thousands columns, we find that ∴ Area of the rectangle
x + y= 8 = 4 cm × 3 cm (∵ A = lb)
(∵ Carry is not forwarded to ten = 12 cm2.
thousands column) ∴ The area of shaded region
i.e., x + 1= 8 ∴ x = 7. = 300 cm2 – 12 cm2
Now putting x = 7 in ones column, = 288 cm2.
we get
x + z = 9 i.e., 7 + z = 9 ∴ z = 2 Practice Paper-4
Thus, x = 7, y = 1, z = 2. SECTION-A
1 1
7  – 3  7 2 x  7 x 1. (A) The given rationals are and .
(ii)   ×   =
 8 
 
 8  6 4
8
Let us find their equivalent fractions
 7  – 3 + 2 x  7 x with the denominator 24.

⇒   =   (∵ am × an = am + n)
8 8 1× 4 1× 6 4 6
and i.e., and
Since bases are equal, exponents also 6×4 4×6 24 24
be equal. That means 4 5 6
Now 4 < 5 < 6 ⇒ < <
– 3 + 2x = x 24 24 24
⇒ 2x – x = 3 (Transposing) 1 5 1
⇒ < < .
∴ x = 3. 6 24 4
2. (B) We have 0.3 = 0.15x
34. From figure, we observe that ABCD is
a trapezium whose parallel sides AB =
0.3 30
⇒ x= = = 2.
20 cm, DC = 30 cm and distance 0.15 15
between them is 12 cm (= AD). 3. (C) It is given that sum of any two
angles of a quadrilateral is 170°. We
know that the sum of all four angles of
a quadrilateral is 360°.
∴ The sum of remaining two angles
∴ Area of trapezium ABCD = 360° – 170° = 190°.
1 4. (B) By the property of perfect square
= × (AB + DC) × AD
2 numbers ending with different digits,
1 we know that a perfect square number
= × (20 + 30) × 12
2 ending with 5 ends with itself i.e., 5.
1
= × 50 × 12 = 50 × 6 5. (D) Cube of 73 = (73)3 = 7 3 × 3 = 7 9
2
= 300 cm2 [∵ (am)n = a m × n]
6. (C) Before VAT charged, the price of a (ii) 75 paise to ` 2
double bed = ` 10,000 75 paise 75 paise
Rate of VAT = 10% = = 2 ×100 paise
`2
∴ After VAT charged, the price of the [∵ ` 1 = 100 paise]
double bed 75 3
= 10000 + 10% of 10000 = = = 3 : 8.
200 8
10 12. P = ` 5000, r = 8% per annum,
= 10000 + 10000 ×
100 t = 2 years, C.I. = ?
= 10000 + 1000 = ` 11,000. C.I. = A – P
7. (D) An algebraic expression having  r 
t
only two terms joined with sign + or – = P  1+  –P

 100 
is called binomial.
 t
Here, we find that the expression ∵ A = P 1 + r  
  100  
6xy – 5y contained two terms 6xy and 
5y joined with –ve sign. Therefore, it is
 r 
t 
a binomial. = P 1+  – 1
8. (A) Counting the vertices of a  100  
hexagonal prism drawn to the  2 
8 
right, we get that its total = 5000 1 +  – 1
number is 12.  100  
9 (D) We know that  108 2   2 
area of a parallelogram= base × height = 5000   – 1 = 5000  108 – 1
   100 
 100 
2
= r × h = rh. 
10. (B) 7 – 15
× 7 × 7 × 7 × 72 × 71 × 70
5 4 3  108 2 – 100 2 
= 5000  

= 7 – 15 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 0  100 2
[∵ am × an × ... = am + n + ...]
= 7 – 15 + 15 = 70 = 1. [∵ a0 = 1]  (108 + 100)(108 – 100) 
= 5000  
SECTION-B  100 ×100 
11. We know that ratio is a comparission 208 × 8
between two quantities with same = 5000 × = 208 × 4
100 ×100
units.
= ` 832.
So, firstly, we convert the given
13. Addition
quantities in same units then find their
ratios. = (l2 + n2) + (m2 + n2) + (l2 + m2)
(i) 7 minutes to 120 seconds + (2mn + 2lm + 2nl)
= l + n + m + n2 + l2 + m2
2 2 2
7 minutes 7 × 60 seconds + 2mn + 2lm + 2nl

= =
120 seconds 120 seconds = (l + l ) + (m + m2) + (n2 + n2)
2 2 2
[∵ 1 minute = 60 seconds] + 2mn + 2lm + 2nl

7 × 60 7 = 2l + 2m + 2n + 2mn + 2lm + 2nl
2 2 2
= = = 7 : 2.
120 2 = 2(l2 + m2 + n2 + lm + mn + nl).
14. 4x(8x – 3) – 2 = 4x × 8x – 4x × 3 – 2 17.
= 32x2 – 12x – 2.
Putting x = 2,
32x2 – 12x – 2 = 32(2)2 – 12(2) – 2
= 32 × 4 – 12 × 2 – 2
= 128 – 24 – 2
= 128 – 26 = 102.
15. It is given that side of a square = 2x – y
So, area of the square
= (side)2 = (2x – y)2
= (2x)2 – 2(2x)(y) + (y)2
[Using identity (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2]
= 4x2 – 4xy + y2.
16. When a train passes a platform (bridge,
etc) then it covers the distance equals
to the sum of lengths of train and
platform.
18. For a polyhedron, given that

Number of edges = 30,
Number of vertices = 20
So the total distance is to be covered We have to find the number of faces
= 500 m + 150 m = 650 m the polyhedron has.
Using Euler’s formula,
Speed of the train = 45 km/h
F + V – E= 2
5 ⇒ F + 20 – 30 = 2
= 45 × m/s
18 ⇒ F – 10 = 2
[Changing into m/s] ∴ F = 2 + 10 = 12.
SECTION-C
25
= m/s 19.
2
Distance or
∴ The time required = Speed
650 m 650 × 2
= = sec. 20. ∵ In 10 days, Rinku can make 1 dress.
25 25
m/s 1
2 ∴ In 1 day, Rinku can make part
10
= 26 × 2 = 52 sec. of a dress.
∵ In 5 days, Rinku and Teena together choose their scales.
can make 1 dress. Let us take distance travelled (in km)
∴ In 1 day, Rinku and Teena together on x-axis (since it is independent) and
1 average cost (in ` ) on y-axis (since it
can make part of the dress. depends on the distance travelled).
5
So, in 1 day, Teena alone can make On x-axis, 1 unit = 10 km and on y-
 1 1  axis, 1 unit = ` 100.
 –  part of the dress
 5 10  Now plot the points (10, 100), (20, 280),
2–1 1 (30, 350), (50, 500), (70, 680) as shown
= = part in the graph. Then join them with free
10 10
1 hand curve.
Now, Teena alone can make part
10
of a dress in 1 day
So, Teena alone can make 1 full dress
1 10
in =1× = 10 days.
1 1
10
21.(i) 10x2yz – 20xy3 + 5x3
= 2 × 5 × x2 × y × z – 2 2 × 5 × x
× y 3 + 5 × x3
= 5x(2 × x × y × z – 22 × y3 + x2)
= 5x(2xyz – 4y3 – x2) 24. From the situation given in question,
(ii) x3 + x2 + x + 1= (x3 + x2) + (x + 1) we will have to perform the operation
= x2(x + 1) + 1(x + 1) of subtraction for algebraic expression.
= (x + 1)(x2 + 1) ∴ Required expression
= (2x2 + 4x + 1) – (x2 – 4x + 3)
22. x2 + 7x – 30 ÷ (x – 3)
= 2x2 + 4x + 1 – x2 + 4x – 3
Let us perform long division,
= (2x2 – x2) + (4x + 4x) + (1 – 3)
x + 10 = x2 + 8x – 2.
x–3 x 2 + 7 x – 30 25. (i) 9992 = (1000 – 1)2
x 2 – 3x = (1000)2 – 2(1000)(1) + (1)2
– + [Using (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2]
10 x – 30 = 1000000 – 2000 + 1
10 x – 30 ∴ Quotient = x + 10. = 1000001 – 2000 = 998001.
– +
(ii) (1.2)2 = (1 + 0.2)2
0
= (1)2 + 2(1)(0.2) + (0.2)2
23. We have to draw a graph to show the [Using (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
reading related to the distance travelled = 1 + 0.4 + 0.04 = 1.44.
by a car and its average cost. For this, 26. Given:Area of a square = 60025 m2
we choose suitable axes on which the
⇒ (Side)2 = 60025
given data can be taken and also
⇒ Side = 60025 = 245 m (b) Standard form of 0.00088
∴ Perimeter of the square = 4 × side = 8.8 × 10 – 4
= 4 × 245 m (Transfer decimal point from
= 980 m. right to 4 places to the left)
Let us find square root. SECTION-D
29. (i) Total number of tossing a coin
= 50
Percentage chance of occurring a
Tail = 60%
Percentage chance of occurring a
Head = 100 – 60 = 40%
So the number of times Head has
27. The given number is 10,224. 2 10224 occurred = 40% of 50
Applying prime factoriza- 2 5112 40
tion method. = 50 × = 5 × 4 = 20.
2 2556 100
∴ 10224 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 (ii) We know that the outcomes when
2 1278
× 3 × 3 × 71 an unbiased die is tossed two
3 639
= 22 × 22 × 32 × 71 times is equal to the outcomes
3 213 when two dice together are tossed
71 one time.
Observing the above factors, we find Therefore, the total 36 outcomes
that 71 appears only once. Therefore, are:
we have to eliminate it to become 10224 (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5),
a perfect square. (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4),
Thus, 71 is the least number by which (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3),
the given number must be divided. (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2),
–6 (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 1),
 2  – 6  14  – 6  x  (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6),
28. (i)   ×   =  
 7   9   y  (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5),
–6 (6, 6).
 2 14  – 6  x 
⇒  ×  =  
 7 9   y  30. (i) No.
[∵ am × bm = (a × b)m] Since, 132 + 172 = 169 + 289
–6 = 458 ! 361
 2 × 2  – 6  x 
⇒   =  y   i.e., 19 2
 9   
Since exponents are same of both (ii) The smallest four-digit
number = 1000 2 1000
sides, base also be same.
x 4 Taking prime factoriza- 2 500
i.e., = . tion, 1000 2 250
y 9
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 5 125
(ii) (a) Standard form of 7240000
= 7.24 × 106 = 23 × 5 3
5 25
(Transfer decimal point from Thus, we observe that
5
end to 6 places to the left)
each factor has an exponent 3 so 32. (i) Since ABCD is a
we conclude that 1000 is a perfect parallelogram,
cube.
diagonals AC
Therefore, The least 4-digit perfect
and BD bisect each other at O.
cube = 1000.
31. AC
i.e., AO = OC =
2
BD
and BO = OD = .
2
Given: OB = 4 cm,
AC = BD + 5 cm
So AC = 2 × OB + 5
BD
(∵ OB = )
2
⇒ AC = 2 × 4 + 5
= 8 + 5 = 13 cm.
AC 13
∴ OA = = = 6.5 cm.
2 2
(ii) Since given figure is a paralle-
logram, opposite angles are equal.
i.e., x = z
and y = 100°
Steps of construction:
1. Take a line segment AB = 3.5 cm. Also adjacent (consecutive) angles
2. Using ruler and compass, make an are supplementary.
angle of measure 75° at A and draw ∴ x + 100° = 180°
a ray AX. ⇒ x = 180° – 100° = 80.
3. Again, make another angle of Thus, x = 80°, y = 100°,
measure 105° at B and draw a ray z = 80°.
BY.
33. (i) Let us find the sum of digits
4. Taking 6.5 cm as radius with centre contained in number 21436587.
B, draw an arc that cut BY at point
Sum of the digits
C.
=2+1+4+3+6+5+8+7
5. Further, make a right angle at C
using ruler and compass and draw = 36 which is divisible by 9
a third ray CZ. ∴ The given number also divisible
6. Extend rays AX and CZ till they by 9.
cross each other at a point D. (ii) By the divisibility test of 11, a
Thus, a quadrilateral ABCD is number is divisible by 11 if the
difference between the sum of
formed.
digits at odd places and even places 2. (A) (a – b)2 – c2 = (a – b + c)(a – b – c)
is either 0 or a multiple of 11. [Using x2 – y2 = (x + y)(x – y)]
Now, consider the number 3. (C) The perpendicular distance of a
729 * 654 point is denoted by x-coordinate. In
|(7 + 9 + 6 + 4) – (2 + * + 5)|= 0 this case, that is a.
or 11 or 22... 4. (C) Consider the number
⇒|26 – 7 – * | = 0 or 11 or 22 or... 100 × 2 + 10 × 7 + 1 × 9 = 279
⇒ |19 – *| = 0 or 11 or 22 or... Here, ones digit 9 is not divisible by 2,
⇒ 19 – * = 0 or ± 11 or 5 and 10 (also). So only option 9 may
± 22 or... be its factor. Let us check the sum of
⇒ 19 – * = 0 or 19 – * digits i.e., 2 + 7 + 9 = 18 which is
= ± 11 divisible by 9. Hence the given number
or 19 – * = ± 22 or ... also divisible by 9.
Neglecting * = 19 or
x–3 y
19 – * = ± 22 or soon... 5. (D) = ⇒ 2(x – 3) = y
2 4
19 – * = ± 11
[Multiplying both sides by 4]
19 – * = 11
⇒ 2x – 6 = y ∴ 2x – y = 6.
(Neglect –ve sign)
∴ 6. (C) In the given figure, producing a
* = 19 – 11 = 8.
34. Since a rectangular paper of width side, we get
14 cm is rolled along its width to form ∠1 = 50° + 80°
a cylinder, height of the cylinder is [Exterior angle property]
equal to 14 cm.
⇒ ∠1 = 130°
Given radius = 20 cm
Again, x = ∠1 + 30°
Volume of the cylinder
= pr 2h = 130° + 30° = 160°.
22 7. (C) The spinning wheel has total five
= × (20)2 × 14 sectors but the letters inserted are P,
7
22 Q, R (only three). So the number of all
= × 400 × 14
7 possible outcomes is 3.
= 22 × 400 × 2 = 17600 cm3.
8. (B) 43 = 4 ×4×4 = 22 × 22 × 22
Practice Paper-5 [∵ 4 = 2 × 2 = 22]
SECTION-A = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8.
1. (C) Since x and y are in direct 9. (D) 9% of x = 9
proportion, the ratio of x to y is always
constant. 9
⇒ x× =9
x 100
i.e., = k where k is constant
y 9 ×100
∴ x = ky. ∴ x = = 100.
9
10. (A) We know that variables are Using Algorithm Theorem,
represented by small letters of English Dividend = Divisor × Quotient
Alphabet. [∵ Remainder = 0]
In the given expression, we observe  3  –2
that those are three namely x, y and z. ⇒   = Divisor × 25
 5 
SECTION-B  3  – 2
11. (i) Consider 4 × 10 – 5 ⇒   ÷ 25 = Divisor
5
We see that the number containing  5 2 52
10 raised to – 5.That means decimal ⇒ 
Divisor =   ÷ 25 = 2 ÷ 52
3 3
point will move 5 places from right
to left. 52 1 5 2–2
= 2 × 2 =
∴ 4 × 10 – 5 = 0.00004. 3 5 32
(ii) Here, 1.54 × 105 has 10 raised to 5 50 1
= = .
(+ve). So decimal point will move 5 9 9
places from left to right. 15. Consider 2 A 7
∴ 1.54 × 105 = 154000. +A 7 1
12. ∵ In 6 hours, Reema completes 7 1 8
knitting 1 full sweater. This puzzle has two letters A and B
∴ In 1 hour, Reema completes knitting whose values are to be found.
1 We observe the sum of ones column
part of the sweater. and find that
6
∴ In 4 hours, Reema completes B+1=8 ∴ B = 7.
1 2 Now puzzle seems to be
knitting × 4 = part of the 2 A B
6 3
+A B 1
sweater. B 1 8
2 74088
13. 3
74088 We study the addition in tens column
2 37044 and find that sum A + 7 = a two digit
Let us find prime factors of 2 18522 number may be, 11
74088. ⇒ A + 7 = 11 ∴ A = 4.
3 9261
∴ 3 74088 3 3087 Putting A = 4 in hundreds column and
carry 1 forwarded to this column
2×2×2×3×3×3 3 1029 satisfies the addition.
= 3
× 7 ×7 ×7 7 343 Therefore, A = 4 and B = 7.
7 49  2  – 2  1 1   3 2
= 3 3 3 3 16. (4 – 1 ÷ 8 – 1) ÷   =  ÷  ÷  
2 × 3 ×7 7 3 4 8  2
= 2 × 3 × 7 = 42. [Taking reciprocals]
 3 – 2  1 8   3 2  9 4
14. Dividend =   , Divisor = ?, =  ×  ÷  2  = 2 ÷ =2×
 5 4 1 2  4 9
8
Quotient = 25 = .
9
17. Side of a cubic wooden block = 10 cm 20. Cost price of a second-hand refrigerator
∴ Volume of one block = ` 2500
= (10)3 = 10 × 10 × 10 cm3 Additional cost on its repairing
Dimensions of a cuboidal wooden
= ` 500
block are 1 m, 40 cm and 20 cm
∴ Volume of the block = l × b × h ∴ Total pure cost = 2500 + 500
= 100 × 40 × 20 cm3 = ` 3000
[∴ 1 m = 100 cm]
Selling price of the refrigerator = ` 3300
∴ The number of small cubic blocks
that can be cut from the big block Since, Selling price > Total pure cost
Volume of cuboidal block ∴ Rajesh gained his transection.

=
Volume of one cubic block Gain = ` 3300 – ` 3000 = ` 300
100 × 40 × 20 Gain
= = 10 × 4 × 2 = 80. Gain % = × 100
10 ×10 ×10 Total cost
18. In a square, diagonal (d) = 90 m (Given) 300
From figure, it is clear that d = = × 100 = 10%.
2a 3000
21. Yes.
90
⇒ 2a = 90 ∴ a = m 1
2 Since the product of 0.3 and 3
3
∴ Area of the square = a2
1 3 10
= 0.3 × 3 = × = 1.
 90 2 8100 3 10 3
=   = = 4050 m2. Therefore, we conclude that 0.3 and
 2 2
1
3 are the multiplicative inverse of
SECTION-C 3
19. We observe the given each other.
figure and find that it 22. (i) x4 – y4 = (x2)2 – (y2)2
is a regular hexagon = (x2 + y2)(x2 – y2)
that contains six equil-
ateral triangles. [∵ a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)]
So, area of the regular hexagon = (x2 + y2)(x + y)(x – y).
= 6 × Area of an equilateral triangle (ii) 8p2 + 24q2 = 8(p2 + 3q2)
3 [∵ Taking H.C.F. of both
=6× (side)2
4 terms in common]
3 23. Side of a cube = 5 cm.
=6× × (5)2
4
Total surface area of the cube = 6a2
3
=6× × 25 = 6 × (5)2 = 6 × 25 = 150 cm2
4
Volume of the cube = a3
75
= 3 m2. = (5 cm)3 = 125 cm3.
2
24. We have given two adjacent sides of a 27. The figure drawn shows a rectangle
rectangle. We know that, in a rectangle with sides 4.5 cm and 6 cm.
adjacent sides are length and breadth.
So, perimeter = 2 × (length + breadth)
(i) Let l = 8x2 + 10, b = 5x2 – 3
∴ Perimeter = 2(l + b)
= 2(8x2 + 10 + 5x2 – 3)
= 2(13x2 + 7)
= 26x2 + 14.
(ii) Let l = m2 + n2, b = m2 – 3n2 – 5
∴ Perimeter = 2(l + b)
= 2(m2 + n2 + m2 – 3n2 – 5)
28. (i) We know that the sum of all
= 2(2m2 – 2n2 – 5) exterior angles of a polygon is 360°.
= 4m2 – 4n2 – 10.
25. (– 3)n + 1 × (– 3)5 = (– 3)7
⇒ (– 3)n + 1 + 5 = (– 3)7 So, x + 150° + 150° = 360°
[∵ am × an = am + n] ⇒ x + 300° = 360°
⇒ (– 3)n + 6 = (– 3)7 ∴ x = 360° – 300°
Since bases are equal, exponents also = 60°.

be equal. (ii) Since the given figure is a
parallelogram, opposite angles are
n + 6 = 7 ∴ n = 7 – 6 = 1.
equal.
26. Expression = 8(p – q – s2) – 2(r – s2)
= 8p – 8q – 8s2 – 2r + 2s2
= 8p – 8q – 2r – 6s2.
Putting the values p = – 1, q = – 3,
⇒ x = z and y = 120°
r = 2, s = – 1; we get
Also, adjacent angles of a parall-
Value of expression 8p – 8q – 2r – 6s2
elogram are supplementary.
= 8(– 1) – 8(– 3) – 2(2) – 6(– 1)2
⇒ x + 120° = 180°
= – 8 + 24 – 4 – 6 × (1) ⇒ x = 180° – 120° = 60
= 24 – 8 – 4 – 6 = 24 – 18 = 6. Thus, x = 60°, y = 120° and z = 60°.
SECTION-D 30.
5m + 4 2
29. (i) =
8 – 8m 3
Cross-multiplying,
3(5m + 4) = 2(8 – 8m)
⇒ 15m + 12 = 16 – 16m
Transposing,
15m + 16m = 16 – 12
4
⇒ 31m = 4 ∴ m = .
31
Verification:
4
5× + 4
5m + 4 31
L.H.S. = = Steps of construction:
8 – 8m 4
8 – 8×
31 1. Take a line segment AB = 4 cm.
5 × 4 + 31× 4 2. Taking radii 6 cm and 7 cm with
31 20 + 124
= = centres B and A respectively, draw
8 × 31 – 8 × 4 248 – 32 two arcs which cut each other at C.
31
3. Again, taking radii 5 cm and 5.5 cm
144 2
= = = R.H.S. with centres C and A respectively,
216 3
draw two arcs which cut each other
2x + 1 8
(ii) = at D.
3x – 2 9
4. Join AC, AD, BC and CD.
Cross-multiplying,
Thus, a quadrilateral ABCD is
9(2x + 1) = 8(3x – 2)
formed.
⇒ 18x + 9 = 24x – 16
31. We know that central angle
Transposing,
18x – 24x = – 16 – 9 Particular item
= × 360°
25 Sum of total items
⇒ – 6x = – 25 ∴ x = In this case, central angle
6
Verification:
25 No. of students
2× +1 in a single game
2x + 1 6 = × 360°
L.H.S = = No. of total students
3x – 2 25
3× –2 in all games
6
2 × 25 + 1× 6
6 50 + 6 ∴ Number of students in a single game
= =
3 × 25 – 2 × 6 75 – 12 Central angle
=
6 360°
56 8
= = = R.H.S. × Total number of students.
63 9
Therefore, number of students in 32. (i) We know that the general form of
different games as: Pythagorean triplet be m2 – 1, 2m,
100° m2 + 1
In Cricket, = × 180
360° Let us take m2 – 1 = 12
⇒ m2 = 12 + 1 = 13
= 50 students.
So m is not an integer.
120° Now let us take, 2 m = 12
In Badminton, = × 180
360°
12
⇒ m = =6
= 60 students 2
60° ∴ m2 – 1 = 62 – 1 = 36 – 1 = 35
In Basket ball = × 180
360° and m2 + 1 = 62 + 1 = 36 + 1 = 37.
= 30 students Again let us try, m2 + 1 = 12
⇒ m2 = 12 – 1 = 11
80°
In Tennis = × 180 Here also m has not integral value.
360°
Thus, the Pythagorean triplet is 12,
= 40 students 35, 37.
[Note: All Pythagorean triplets may
(i) The number of students playing
not be obtained using this general
cricket = 50.
form. e.g., another triplet 5, 12, 13
(ii) The sum of number of students also has 12 as a member.]
playing tennis and badminton (ii) Square root of 28 = 28
= 40 + 60 = 100. Let us find its square root up to
(iii) The difference between the two decimal places using long
division method.
number of students who play
badminton to cricket
= 60 – 50 = 10
(iv) The ratio of students playing
badminton to tennis
= 60 : 40 = 3:2.
(v) The number of students who play
neither basket ball nor cricket
= The number of
students who play ∴ 28 = 5.291l 5.29.
either badminton or 33. (i) In the graph, time is taken on
tennis x-axis.
= 60 + 40 = 100. Scale: 1 unit on x-axis = 1 hour.
(ii) The person started the journey at 8 (iv) Yes. During the period of 10 am to
am and reached at 11.30 am to the 10.30 am, line graph is parallel to
place of merchant. x-axis. That means he was stoped.
(v) From graph, we observe that the
So taken time
person rode the cycle with different
= 11.30 – 8.00 speeds but he covered most
= 3 hours 30 minutes distance in his first hour between 8
am to 9 am.
1
or 3 hour. 34. Front view Side view Top view
2
(iii) The place of the merchant is 22 km
apart from town.
❏❏

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Solution to Me N Mine Mathematics VIII Oct 2011 By Sunil

2. Linear Equations in One Variable

 Worksheets (8 to 14) ................................................................................................. 18

 Worksheets (15 to 20) ............................................................................................... 36

 Worksheets (21 to 26) ............................................................................................... 46

 Worksheets (27 to 33) ............................................................................................... 59

6. Squares and Square Roots

 Worksheets (34 to 40) ............................................................................................... 70

7. Cubes and Cube Roots

 Worksheets (41 to 47) ............................................................................................... 82

 Worksheets (48 to 54) ............................................................................................... 93

9. Algebraic Expressions and Identities

 Worksheets (55 to 60) ............................................................................................. 106

 Worksheets (61 to 67) ............................................................................................. 115

 Worksheets (68 to 75) ............................................................................................. 124

12. Exponents and Powers

 Worksheets (76 to 81) ............................................................................................. 141

13. Direct and Inverse Proportion

 Worksheets (82 to 88) ............................................................................................. 150

 Worksheets (89 to 95) ............................................................................................. 159

15. Introduction to Graphs

 Worksheets (96 to 101) ........................................................................................... 168

16. Playing with Numbers

 Worksheets (102 to 107) ......................................................................................... 177

PRACTICE PAPERS (1 to 5) ................................................................................... 183

8. (A) Since – 3 is a negative number, so it

2. (i) ∵ – 10 < – 5 8 – 8×2 – 16

( –87 × 214 ) × –43

– 3 – 42 – 3 –7 Since LHS = RHS, so the given

Therefore, 5 rational numbers between (

5. Let the required number be x. Then, 9 1

10. ( 113 × 65 ) – ( 129 × 34 ) + ( 135 × 65 ) (ii)

2 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE

WORKSHEET–8 or 1.5t – 1.35 = 3t – 2.25

∴ Weight of box B = x = 11 kg Multiplying both sides by 2, we get

Then length of rectangles, l = (x + 3) m 1 1

= 2(l + b) = 2(x + 3 + x – 3) 16x – 2x – 2 = 32x + 1

1. (i) 2x = 50 (iii) Let the number be p. Then

⇒ x + 125° + 115° = 360° ∴ PQ y SR.

360° ⇒ x = 180° – 120° = 60°.

Since AB y DC and AD is a transversal. So, 2x = 18 or 3y – 1 = 32

5. (D) According to given measures and

9. (C) To construct a quadrilateral we need 2. Using ruler and compass, draw an

5. Now, join DR.

Thus, PQRS is the required rhombus.

5. Join KN and MN.

4. Now, join CD to get the required

3. Steps of construction: ON as well as OL from XY on either

5. The measurement of PS = 4.6 cm.

7. 5. Further, taking the same radii of

4. Join B to A and C. Thus, a triangle 1. Draw a line segment AB = 6 cm

Hence, the required quadrilateral

1. (A) Class size = Upper class limit Number of all balls = 3 + 4 + 5

4. (i) Since pink has the largest central

Expenditure Modes Expenditure ( in %)

× P(6 is not on 2nd die) = {TTT}

(i) Let E1 = Event of showing up three 1 2

Step I. Draw a pair of perpendicular

Mark Tally Marks No.of Students

(ii) 100 marks is the highest score

6 SQUARES AND SQUARE ROOTS

1. (i) 152 = 15 × 15 = 225. 225 225 15 × 15