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BS 8110, 1997
Durability (clause 3.1.5, BS 8110)
• Durability of concrete structures is achieved
by:
1. The minimum strength class of concrete
2. The minimum cover to reinforcement
3. The minimum cement content
4. The maximum water/cement ratio
5. The cement type or combination
6. The maximum allowable surface crack width
Fire protection (clause 3.3.6, BS8110)
BS 8110, 1997
Minimum dimension for reinforced
concrete members for fire resistance
BS 8110, 1997
Beams (clause 3.4, BS8110)
• Beams in reinforced concrete structures can
be defined according to:
1. Cross-section
2. Position of reinforcement
3. Support conditions
Beam design
• In ultimate limit state, bending is critical for
moderately loaded medium span beams.
Shear is critical for heavily loaded short span
beams.
• In service limit state, deflection will be
considered.
• Therefore, every beam must be design against
bending moment resistance, shear resistance
and deflection.
Types of beam by cross section
d h
AS
Design for bending
M ≤ Mu
Maximum moment on beam ≤ moment capacity of
the section
The moment capacity of the beam is affected by:
1. The effective depth, d
2. Amount of reinforcement,
3. Strength of steel bars
4. Strength of concrete
Singly reinforced beam
Moment capacity of singly reinforced
beam
z
Fst
Force equilibrium
Fst = Fcc
Fcc = stress x area
=
Singly reinforced beam
• If
Then the singly reinforced section is sufficient to
resist moment.
Otherwise, the designer have to increase the
section size or design a doubly reinforced
section
Doubly reinforced beam
• If
The concrete will have insufficient strength in
compression. Steel reinforcement can be
provided in the compression zone to increase
compressive force.
Beams which contain tension and compression
reinforcement are termed doubly reinforced.
Doubly reinforced beam
• Sv ≤ 0.75d
Example 3.3 Design of shear reinforcement
(Chanakya Arya, 2009)
• Design the shear reinforcement for the beam
using high yield steel fy = 500 N/mm2 for the
following load cases:
1. qk = 0
2. qk = 10 kN/m
3. qk = 45 kN/m
Example 3.3 Design of shear reinforcement
(Chanakya Arya, 2009)
Example 3.3 Design of shear reinforcement (Chanakya Arya, 2009)
Example 3.3 Design of shear reinforcement (Chanakya Arya, 2009)
Example 3.3 Design of shear reinforcement (Chanakya Arya, 2009)
= 0.3
Example 3.3 Design of shear reinforcement (Chanakya Arya, 2009)
Nominal shear links can be used from mid-span to position v = 1.05 N/mm2, to produce an
economical design
Reinforcement detailing.
Deflection
• For rectangular beam,
1. The final deflection should not exceed span/250
2. Deflection after construction of finishes and
partitions should not exceed span/500 or
20mm, whichever is the lesser, for spans up to
10 m.
BS 8110 uses an approximate method based on
permissible ratios of the span/effective depth.
Deflection (clause 3.4.6.3)
Simply
supported
beam