Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
S e c t i o n 11
1
) For ships flying Indonesian flag in quadruplicate, one of
which intended for Indonesian Government.
11-2 Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps
2.5 Pipes, valves and fittings of lamellar Aluminum and aluminum alloys must comply with
graphite cast iron (grey cast iron) BKI Rules for Materials, Volume V and may in
individual cases, with the agreement of BKI, be used
Pipes, valves and fittings of grey cast iron may be for temperatures up to 200 !C. They are not accept-
accepted by BKI for Class III. Pipes of grey cast iron able for use in fire extinguishing lines.
may be used for cargo pipelines within cargo tanks of
tankers. 2.8 Application of materials
Pipes, valves and fittings of grey cast iron may be For the pipe classes mentioned in A.3 materials must
used for cargo lines on the weather deck of oil tankers be applied according to Table 11.2
up to a working pressure of 16 bar.
3. Testing of materials
Ductile materials must be used for cargo hose con-
3.1 For piping systems belonging to class I and
nections and distributor headers.
II, tests in accordance with BKI Rules for Materials,
This applies also to the hose connections of fuel and Volume V and under BKI supervision are to be
lubricating oil filling lines. carried out in accordance with table 11.3 for :
The use of grey cast iron is not allowed: - pipes, bends and fittings
- in cargo lines on chemical tankers (see the - valve bodies and flanges
Rules for Ships Carrying Dangerous
- valve bodies and flanges > DN 100 in cargo
Chemical in Bulk, Volume X),
and process pipelines on gas tankers with
- for pipes, valves and fittings for media design temperature < -55 !C
having temperatures above 220 !C and for
3.2 Welded joints in pipelines of classes I and II
pipelines subject to water hammer, severe
are to be tested in accordance with the Rules for
stresses or vibrations,
Materials, Volume V, and the Rules for Ships
- for sea valves and pipes fitted on the ship Carrying Liquefied Gas in Bulk, Volume IX.
sides and for valves fitted on the collision
bulkhead,
- for valves on fuel and oil tanks subject to
static head.
The use of grey cast iron in cases other than those
stated is subject to BKI approval.
2
) See IMO Resolution A.753(18), “Guidelines for the
2.6 Plastic pipes systems Application of Plastic Pipes on Ships”
11-4 Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps
Pipes Steel pipes for high-temperature Pipes for Steel not subject to any special
above 300 !C, pipes made of steel general quality specification, weldability in
with high/low temperature applications accordance with Rules for Welding
toughness at temperatures below
- 10 !C, stainless steel pipes for
chemicals
Forgings, Steels suitable for the corresponding loading and processing conditions, high
plates, temperature steel for temperature above 300!C,
Steels
flanges, steel steels with high/low temperature toughness for temperatures below -10!C
sections and
bars
Copper, only with special approval, low- For seawater and alkaline water only corrosion
Non-metallic material Non-ferrous metals
copper alloys temperature copper-nickel alloys by resistant copper and copper alloys
special agreement
Aluminum, In cargo and processing lines on gas Only with the agreement of BKI up to 200 !C,
aluminum. tanker not permitted in fire extinguishing systems
alloys
Steel,
Cast steel, - III All - - X
Nodular cast iron,
Grey cast iron
According to
Type
Plastics III All - - X
Approval
Certificate
Semi-finished
products, I,II - - X -
Screws and
other According to - III - - - X
components Table 11.2
1
) Casings of valves and pipes fitted on ship’s side and bottom and bodies of valves fitted on collision bulkhead are to be included
in pipe
3
) For pipes containing fuel heated above 60 !C the
s [mm] minimum thickness, see 2.7 design pressure is to be taken not less than 14 bar.
11-8 Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps
Table 11.5 Minimum wall thickness groups N, M and D of steel pipes and approved locations
Location
Accomodation
Weather deck
Cargo holds
Bilge lines M D M x M -
1 M
Ballast lines M D x )
M x x
Seawater lines D x x M M
2
)
x
Fuel lines D N x
x - -
Lubricating lines - x x N x
N
Thermal oil lines N
Steam lines M M M M M - M N
N
Condensate lines N
N
Feedwater lines x
M x x x x x x
Drinking water lines x x N N
x
Fresh cooling water lines D N D x - -
x
Compressed air lines M M x N N
M M N N N
Hydraulic lines x x x x N
1) See Section 15, B.4.3.
2) Seawater discharge lines, see T.
x Pipelines are not to be installed.
(-) Pipelines may be installed after special agreement with BKI.
Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps 11-9
da s da s da s da s
10,2 1,6 from 406,4 6,3 from 21,3 3,2 from 38,0 6,3
from 13,5 1,8 from 660,0 7,1 from 38,0 3,6 from 88,9 7,1
from 20,0 2,0 from 762,0 8,0 from 51,0 4,0 from 114,3 8,0
from 48,3 2,3 from 864,0 8,8 from 76,1 4,5 from 152,4 8,8
from 70,0 2,6 from 914,0 10,0 from 177,8 5,0 from 457,2 8,8
from 88,9 2,9 from 193,7 5,4
from 114,3 3,2 from 219,1 5,9
from 133,0 3,6 from 244,5 6,3
from 152,4 4,0 from 660,4 7,1
from 177,8 4,5 from 762,0 8,0
from 244,5 5,0 from 863,6 8,8
from 323,9 5,6 from 914,4 10,0
Table 11.7 Minimum wall thicknesses for Table 11.8 Minimum wall thicknesses for
austenitic stainless steel pipes copper and copper alloy pipes
up to 17,2 1,0
up to 48,3 8 - 10 1,0 0,8
up to 88,9 1,6 12 - 20 1,2 1,0
up to 168,3 2,0 25 - 44,5 1,5 1,2
up to 219,1 2,3 50 - 76,1 2,0 1,5
up to 273,0 2,6 88,9 - 108 2,5 2,0
up to 406,0 2,9 133 - 159 3,0 2,5
over 406,0 3,6 193,7 - 267 3,5 3,0
4,0 273 - 457,2 4,0 3,5
(470) 4,0 3,5
508 4,5 4,0
Rm 100000 (t + 15) = average stress to produce rupture in 100000 hours at the design
11-10 Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps
4
) Transient excess in the working temperature need not
be taken into account when determining the design
temperature.
Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps 11-11
Table 11.9 Allowable stress, !perm for copper and copper alloys (annealed)
Cu Ni 5 Fe
nickel alloys
275 68 68 67 65,5 64 62 59 56 52 48 44
Cu Ni 10 Fe
Copper
Cu Ni 30 Fe 365 81 79 77 75 73 71 69 67 65,5 64 62
Table 11.10 Coefficient A,B for determining the Table 11.11a Corrosion allowance c for carbon
permitted stress !perm steel pipes
Steel with yield 3,0 1,7 3,0 1,8 Steam heating coils inside cargo 2,0
strength1 tanks
> 400 N/mm2
Feedwater lines :
Grey cast iron - - 11 -
in closed circuit systems 0,5
Nodular cast iron - - 5,3 3,0
in open circuit systems 1,5
Cast steel 3,2 - 4,0 -
Boiler blowdown lines 1,5
1
) Minimum yield strength or minimum 0,2 % proof
stress at 20 !C Compressed air lines 1,0
Flanges in accordance with standards in which the For the use of welded pipe connections, see Table
values of the relevant stresses or the material are 11.12
specified may be used at higher temperatures up to 2.2 Flange connections
the following pressure :
2.2.1 Dimensions of flanges and bolting shall
comply with recognized standards.
2.2.2 Gaskets are to be suitable for the intended
media under design pressure and temperature
conditions and their dimensions and construction
shall be in accordance with recognized standards.
!perm(t,material) = permissible stress according to 2.3 for
Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps 11-13
2.2.3 Steel flanges may be used as shown in table and tapered threads shall comply with requirements of
11.16 and 11.17 in accordance with the permitted recognized national or international standards.
pressures and temperatures specified in the relevant
standards. 2.4.2 Screwed socket connections with parallel
threads are permitted for pipes in class III with an
2.2.4 Flanges made of non-ferrous metals may be outside diameter "%60,3 mm as well as for subordinate
used in accordance with the relevant standards and systems (e.g. sanitary and hot water heating systems).
within the limits laid down in the approvals. Flanges They are not permitted for systems for flammable
and brazed or welded collars of copper and copper media.
alloys are subject to the following requirements :
2.4.3 Screwed socket connections with tapered
a) welding neck flanges according to standard up threads are permitted for the following:
to 200 !C or 300 !C according to the maximum
temperatures indicated in Table 11.9; applicable – class I, outside diameter not more than 33,7 mm
to all classes of pipe. – class II and class III, outside diameter not more
b) loose flanges with welding collar; as for a). than 60,3 mm
c) plain brazed flanges: only for pipe class III up Screwed socket connections with tapered threads are
to a nominal pressure of 16 bar and a not permitted for piping systems conveying toxic or
temperature of 120 !C. flammable media or services where fatigue, severe
erosion or crevice corrosion is expected to occur.
2.2.5 Flange connections for pipe classes I and II
with temperatures over 300 oC are to be provided with 2.5 Brazed connections may be used after special
necked-down bolts approval by BKI.
Welded socket connections may be accepted 2.6.1 Type approved mechanical joints may be
according to Table 11.12. Following conditions are to used as shown in Tables 11.13 to 11.15.
be observed. 2.6.2 Mechanical joints in bilge and seawater
– The thickness of the sockets is to be in systems within machinery spaces or spaces of high
accordance with C.1.1 at least equal to the fire risk, e.g. cargo pump rooms and car decks, must
thickness of the pipe. be flame resistant.
– The clearance between the pipes and the socket 2.6.3 Mechanical joints are not to be used in
is to be as small as possible. piping sections directly connected to sea openings or
tanks containing flammable liquids.
– The use of welded socket connections in
systems of pipe class II may be accepted only 2.6.4 The use of pipe couplings is not permitted
under the condition that in the systems no in:
excessive stress, erosion and corrosion are - bilge lines inside ballast and fuel tanks
expected.
- seawater and ballast lines inside cargo holds
Table 11.12 Pipe connections and fuel tanks
- fuel and oil lines inside machinery spaces,
Outside cargo holds and ballast tanks
Type of connections Pipe class
diameter
- non water filled pressure water spraying
Welded butt-joints systems (dry pipe systems)
with special
I,II,III Slip-on joints inside tanks may be permitted only if
provisions for root
side the pipes contain the same medium as the tanks.
Welded butt-joints all Unrestrained slip on joints may be used only where
without special required for compensation of lateral pipe movement.
II,III
provisions for root
3. Layout, marking and installation
side
Socket weld III 3.1 Piping systems must be adequately identified
according to their purpose. Valves are to be
II " 60,3 mm permanently and clearly marked.
3.2 Pipes penetration leading through
2.4 Screwed socket connections bulkheads/decks and tank walls must be water and oil
tight. Bolts through bulkheads are not permitted.
2.4.1 Screwed socket connections with parallel Holes for set screws may not be drilled in the tank
11-14 Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps
- material of valve body The requirements stated in 6.3.2 also apply here to the
location of valves and control lines.
- nominal diameter
Where remote controlled valves are arranged inside
- nominal pressure. the ballast tanks, the valves should always be located
in the tank adjoining that to which they relate.
5. Valves on the shell plating
5.1 For the mounting of valves on the ship's
side, see Rules for Hull, Volume II, Section 6.G.
5.2 Valves on the shell plating shall be easily
5
) Regulations for the Performance of Type Tests, Part 3 -
Test Requirements for Sealing Systems of bulkhead and
Deck Penetrations.
Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps 11-15
Pipe Unions
Welded and
brazed type
Compression Couplings
Swage type
Press type
Bite type
Flared type
Slip-on Joints
Grip type
Slip-on Joints
Slip type
Kind of connections
Cargo oil + + + 5)
Vent + + + 3)
Inert gas
Scrubber effluent + + +
Main + + + 2,5)
Distributions + + + 5)
Cargo oil + + + 5)
Sea Water
Bilge + + + 1)
Foam + + + 3)
Sprinkler + + + 3)
Ballast + + + 1)
Cooling water + + + 1)
Tank cleaning + + +
Non-essential system + + +
Fresh Water
Condensate return + + + 1)
Non-essential system + + +
Sanitary drains + + +
Sounding / Vent
Miscellaneous
Starting/control air 1) + + -
Brine + + +
CO2 system1) + + -
Steam + + -
Abbreviations : Footnotes :
+ Application is allowed 1) Inside machinery spaces of category A - only approved fire resistant types
2) Not inside machinery spaces of category A or accommodation spaces. May be accepted in other
- Application is not allowed
machinery spaces provided the joints are located in easily visible and accessible positions
3) Approved fire resistant types
4) Above freeboard deck only
5) In pump rooms and open decks - only approved fire resistant type
6) If compression couplings include any components which readily deteriorate in case of fire, they
are to be of approved fire resistant type as required for Slip-on joints.
11-18 Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps
Table 11.15 Application of mechanical joints depending upon the class of piping
I II III
Pipe Unions
Compression Couplings
Swage type + + +
Press type - - +
Bite type + + +
Flared type (da " 60,3 mm) (da " 60,3 mm)
Slip-on Joints
Grip type - + +
Slip type - + +
Abbreviations :
+ Application is allowed
S Application is not allowed
6.3.4 Fuel pipes Remote controlled valves mounted on fuel tanks lo-
11-20 Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps
cated above the double bottom must be capable of plied with air from the general compressed air system.
being closed from outside the compartment in which
they are installed. (see also G.2.1 and H.2.2) Where the quick-closing valves of fuel tanks are
closed pneumatically, a separate pressure accumulator
If remote controlled valve are installed inside fuel or is to be provided. This is to be of adequate capacity
oil tanks, 6.3.3 has to be applied accordingly. and is to be located outside the engine room. Filling of
this accumulator by a direct connection to the general
6.3.5 Bunker lines compressed air system is allowed. A non-return valve
Remote controlled shut-off devices mounted on fuel is to be arranged in the filling connection of the
tanks shall not be automatically closed in case the pressure accumulator.
power supply fails, unless suitable arrangements are The accumulator is to be provided either with a pres-
provided, which prevent excessive pressure raise in the sure control device with a visual and acoustic alarm or
bunker line during bunkering. with a hand-compressor as a second filling appliance.
6.3.6 Cargo pipes The hand-compressor is to be located outside the en-
For remote controlled valves inside cargo tanks, see gine room.
Section 15.B.2.3.3. 6.6 After installation on board, the entire system is to
6.4 Control stands be subjected to an operational test.
6.5.2 The energy required for the closing of valves 8. Protection of piping systems against over
which are not closed by spring power is to be supplied pressure
by a pressure accumulator.
The following piping systems are to be fitted with
6.5.3 Pneumatically operated valves can be sup- safety valves to avoid excessive over pressures:
Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps 11-21
- piping systems and valves in which liquids can must be capable of being operated from a control panel
be enclosed and heated; located on the navigation bridge, where it must be
indicated when the valve is in the "closed" position.
- piping systems which may be exposed in service This requirement does not apply to valve which are
to pressures in excess of the design pressure. opened at sea only shortly for supervised operations.
Safety valves must be capable of discharging the 9.7.4 Overflow pipes of tanks in different water-
medium at a maximum pressure increase of 10 % of tight compartments which are connected to one
the allowable working pressure. Safety valves are to be common overflow system are either
fitted on the low pressure side of reducing valves.
S to be led, prior to being connected to the system,
9. Piping on ships with added classification mark within the relevant compartment, on passenger
! or ! ships high enough above the bulkhead deck and
9.1 The following requirements apply additionally to on other ships above the most unfavorably
ships for which proof of buoyancy in the damaged damage water line, or
condition is provided : S a shut off valve is to be fitted to each overflow
9.1.1 Passenger ships according to Rules for hull, pipe. This shut-off valve is to be located at the
Volume II, Section 26, K. as well as N.5 of this watertight bulkhead of the relevant compartment
Section and is to be secured in open position to prevent
unintended operation. The shut-off valves must
9.1.2 Gas tankers according to Rules for Ships be capable of being operated from a control
Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk, Volume IX. panel located on the navigation bridge, where it
must be indicated when the valve is in the
9.1.3 Chemical tankers according to Rules for Ships
“closed” position.
Carrying Dangerous Chemical in Bulk, Volume X.
9.7.5 If on ships other than passenger ships, the
9.1.4 Other cargo ships according to Rules for Hull,
bulkhead penetrations for these pipes are arranged high
Volume II, Section 28, E.
enough and so near to midship that in no damage
9.2 Rules for Hull, Volume II, Section 21, D is to be condition, including at temporary maximum heeling of
additionally applied for scuppers and discharge lines, the ship, will be below the waterline, then the shut off
Volume II, Section 21, E is to be additionally applied valves may be dispensed with.
for vent, overflow and sounding pipes.
For closed cargo holds on passenger ships, see N.4.4.
E. Steam Lines
9.3 For pipe penetrations through watertight
1. Operation
bulkheads, see Rules for Hull, Volume II Section 11,
A.3.4. 1.1 Steam lines are to be so laid out and arranged
that important consumers can be supplied with steam
9.4 Pipelines with open ends in compartments or
from every main boiler as well as from a stand-by
tanks are to be so laid out that no additional
boiler or boiler for emergency operation.
compartments or tanks can be flooded in any damaged
condition to be considered. 1.2 Important consumers are:
9.5 Where shut-off devices are arranged in cross - all consuming units important for the propulsion,
flooding lines of ballast tanks, the position of the manoeuverability and safe operation of the ship
valves is to be indicated on the bridge. as well as the important auxiliary machines
according to Section 1, H.
9.6 For sewage discharge pipe, see T.2.
- all consuming units necessary to the safety of the
9.7 Where it is not possible to lay the pipelines
ship.
outside the damage zone, tightness of the bulkheads is
to be ensured by applying the provision in 9.7.1 to 1.3 Every steam consuming unit must be capable of
9.7.4. being shut off from the system.
9.7.1 In bilge pipelines, a non-return valve is to be 2. Calculation of pipelines
fitted either on the watertight bulkhead through which
the pipe passes to the bilge suction or at the bilge 2.1 Steam lines and valves are to be constructed for
suction itself. the design pressure (PR) according to B.4.1.4.
9.7.2 In ballast water and fuel pipelines for the 2.2 Calculations of pipe thickness and elasticity
filling and emptying of tanks, a shut off valve is to be analysis in accordance with C. are to be carried out.
fitted on the watertight bulkhead through which the Sufficient compensation for thermal expansion is to be
pipe leads to the open end in the tank. proven.
9.7.3 The shut-off valves required in para 9.7.2 3. Laying out of steam lines
11-22 Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps
3.1 Steam lines are to be so installed and supported 1. Feed water pumps
that expected stresses due to thermal expansion,
external loads and shifting of the supporting structure 1.1 At least two feed water pumps are to be provided
under both normal and interrupted service conditions for each boiler installation.
will be safely compensated. 1.2 Feed water pumps are to be so arranged or
3.2 Steam lines are to be so installed that water equipped that no back flow of water can occur when
pockets will be avoided. the pumps are not in operation.
3.3 Means are to be provided for the reliable 1.3 Feed water pumps are to be used only for feeding
drainage of the piping system. boilers.
3.4 Steam lines are to be effectively insulated to 2. Capacity of feed water pumps
prevent heat losses. 2.1 Where two feed water pumps are provided, the
3.4.1 At points where there is a possibility of contact, capacity of each is to be equivalent to at least 1,25
the surface temperature of the insulated steam lines times the maximum permitted output of all the
may not exceed 80 !C. connected steam generators.
3.4.2 Wherever necessary, additional protection 2.2 Where more than two feed water pumps are
arrangements against unintended contact are to be installed, the capacity of all other feed water pumps in
provided. the event of the failure of the pump with the largest
capacity is to comply with the requirements of 2.1.
3.4.3 The surface temperature of steam lines in the
pump rooms of tankers may not exceed 220 oC, see 2.3 For continuous flow boilers the capacity of the
also Section 15. feed water pumps is to be at least 1,0 times the
maximum steam output.
3.5 Steam heating lines, except for heating purposes,
are not to be led through accommodation. 2.4 Special requirements may be approved for the
capacity of the feed water pumps for plants incor-
3.6 Sufficiently rigid positions are to be arranged as porating a combination of oil fired and exhaust gas
fixed points for the steam piping systems. boilers.
3.7 It is to be ensured that the steam lines are fitted 3. Delivery pressure of feed water pumps
with sufficient expansion arrangements.
Feed water pumps are to be so laid out that the deliv-
3.8 Where a system can be supplied from a system ery pressure can satisfy the following requirements:
with higher pressure, the former is to be provided with
reducing valves and relief valves on the low pressure - The required capacity according to 2. is to be
side. achieved against the maximum allowable
working pressure of the steam producer.
3.9 Welded connections in steam lines are subject to
- In case the safety valve is blowing off the
the requirements specified in Rules for Welding,
delivery capacity is to be 1,0 times the approved
Volume VI.
steam output at 1,1 times the allowable working
4. Steam strainers pressure.
Wherever necessary, machines and apparatus in steam The resistance to flow in the piping between the feed
systems are to be protected against foreign matter by water pump and the boiler are to be taken into
steam strainers. consideration. In the case of continuous flow boilers
the total resistance of the boiler must be taken into
5. Steam connections to equipment and pipes account.
carrying oil, e.g. steam atomizers or steamout ar-
rangements, are to be so secured that fuel and oil 4. Power supply to feed water pumps for main
cannot penetrate into the steam lines. boilers
6. Inspection of steam lines for expanding 4.1 For steam-driven feed water pumps, the supply of
all the pumps from only one steam system is allowed
Steam lines for superheated steam at above 500 !C are provided that all the steam producers are connected to
to be provided with means of inspecting the pipe for this steam system. Where feed water pumps are driven
expanding. This can be in the form of measuring solely by steam, a suitable filling and starting up pump
sections on straight lengths of pipe at the superheater which is to be independent of steam is to be provided.
outlet if it is possible. The length of these measuring
sections is to be at least 2 # da. 4.2 For electric drives, a separate lead from the
common bus-bar to each pump motor is sufficient.
5. Feed water lines
F. Boiler Feed Water and Circulating Arrange-
ment, Condensate Recirculation Feed water lines may not pass through tanks which do
Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps 11-23
not contain feed water. 7.2 One storage tank may be considered sufficient
for auxiliary boiler units.
5.1 Feed water lines for main boilers
7.3 Two evaporators are to be provided for main
5.1.1 Each main boiler is to be provided with a steam producer units.
main and an auxiliary feed water line.
8. Condensate recirculation
5.1.2 Each feed water line is to be fitted with a shut
off valve and a check valve at the boiler inlet. Where 8.1 The main condenser is to be equipped with two
the shut off valve and the check valve are not directly condensate pumps, each of which must be able to
connected in series, the intermediate pipe is to be fitted transfer the maximum volume of condensate produced.
with a drain.
8.2 The condensate of all heating systems used to
5.1.3 Each feed water pump is to be fitted with a heat oil (fuel, lubricating, cargo oil etc.) is to be led to
shut off valve on the suction side and a screw-down condensate observation tanks. These tanks are to be
non-return valve on the delivery side. The pipes are to fitted with air vents.
be so arranged that each pump can supply each feed
water line. 8.3. Heating coils of tank containing fuel or oil
residues, e.g. sludge tanks, leak oil tanks, bilge water
5.2 Feed water lines for auxiliary steam tanks etc. are to be provided at the tank outlet with
producers (auxiliary and exhaust gas shut-off devices and devices for testing the condensate
boilers) for the presence of oil. See Section 10, B.5.4.
5.2.1 The provision of only one feed water line for
auxiliary and exhaust gas boilers is sufficient if the
preheaters and automatic regulating devices are fitted G. Oil Fuel Systems
with by-pass lines.
1. Bunker lines
5.2.2 The requirements in 5.1.2 are to apply as
appropriate to the valves required to be fitted to the The bunkering of oil fuels is to be effected by means
boiler inlet. of permanently installed lines either from the open
deck or from bunkering stations located below deck
5.2.3 Continuous flow boilers need not be fitted which are to be isolated from other spaces.
with the valves required according to 5.1.2 provided
that the heating of the boiler is automatically switched Bunker stations are to be so arranged that the
off should the feed water supply fail and that the feed bunkering can be performed from both sides of the
water pump supplies only one boiler. ship without danger. This requirement is considered to
be fulfilled where the bunkering line is extended to
6. Boiler water circulating systems both sides of the ship. The bunkering lines are to be
6.1 Each forced-circulation boiler is to be fitted with blind flanges on deck.
equipped with two circulating pumps powered inde- 2. Tank filling lines and suction lines
pendently of each other. Failure of the circulating
pump in operation is to be signaled by an alarm. The 2.1 Filling and suction lines from storage, settling
alarm may only be switched off if a circulating pump and daily service tanks situated above the double
is started or when the boiler firing is shut down. bottom and in case of their damage fuel oil may leak,
are to be fitted directly on the tanks with shut off
6.2 The provision of only one circulating pump devices capable of being closed from a safe position
for each boiler is sufficient if: outside the space concerned.
- the boilers are heated only by gases whose In the case of deep tanks situated in shaft or pipe
temperature does not exceed 400 !C or tunnel or similar spaces, shut off devices are to be
- a common stand-by circulating pump is provided fitted on the tanks. The control in the event of fire may
which can be connected to any boiler or be effected by means of an additional shut off device
in the pipe outside the tunnel or similar space. If such
- the burners of oil or gas fired auxiliary boilers additional shut off device is fitted in the machinery
are so arranged that they are automatically shut space it shall be operated from a position outside this
off should the circulating pump fail and the heat space.
stored in the boiler does not cause any
unacceptable evaporation of the available water 2.2 Shut-off devices on fuel oil tanks having a
in the boiler. capacity of less than 500 liters need not be provided
with remote control.
7. Feed water supply, evaporators
2.3 Filling lines are to extend to the bottom of the
7.1 The feed water supply is to be stored in several tank. Short filling lines directed to the side of the tank
tanks. may be admissible.
11-24 Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps
Storage tank suction lines may also be used as filling 3.6 Glass and plastic components are not permitted
lines. in fuel systems.
2.4 Where filling lines are led through the tank top Sight glasses made of glass located in vertical
and end below maximum oil level in the tank, a overflow pipes may be permitted.
non-return valve at the tank top is to be arranged.
3.7 Fuel pumps must be capable of being isolated
2.5 The inlet connections of suction lines are to be from the piping system by shut-off valves.
arranged far enough from the drains in the tank so that
water and impurities which have settled out will not 4. Fuel transfer, feed and booster pumps
enter the suctions. 4.1 Fuel transfer, feed and booster pumps shall be
2.6 For the release of remotely operated shut-off designed for the proposed operating temperature of the
devices, see Section 12, B.10 medium pumped.
3.4.4 Flanged and screwed socket connections in 7.1 Fuel oil filters are to be fitted in the delivery line
fuel oil lines with a maximum allowable working of the fuel pumps.
pressure of more than 1,6 N/mm2 need normally to be 7.2 For ships with Class Notation OT the filter
screened equipment shall satisfy the requirement of Rules for
3.5 Shut off valves in fuel lines in the machinery Automation, Volume VII, Section 2.
spaces are to be operable from above the floor plates. 7.3 Mesh size and filter capacity are to be in
accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer
Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps 11-25
7.7 Engine for the exclusive operation of emergency 11.1.1 Heavy fuel oil tanks are to be fitted with a
generators and emergency fire pumps may be fitted heating system.
with simplex filters. The capacity of the tank heating system is to be in
7.8 Fuel transfer units are to be fitted with a simplex accordance with the operating requirements and the
filter on the suction side. quality of fuel oil intended to be used.
7.9 For filter arrangement, see Section 2, G.3. With BKI’s consent, storage tanks need not be fitted
with a heating system provided it can be guaranteed
8. Purifiers that the proposed quality of fuel oil can be pumped
under all ambient and environmental conditions.
8.1 Manufacturer of purifiers for cleaning fuel and
lubricating oil must be approved by BKI. For the tank heating system, see Section 10, B.5.
8.2 Where a fuel purifier may exceptionally be used 11.1.2 Heat tracing is to be arranged for pumps,
to purify lubricating oil the purifier supply and filters and oil fuel lines as required.
discharge lines are to be fitted with a change-over ar-
rangement which prevents the possibility of fuel and 11.1.3 Where it is necessary to preheat injection
lubricating oils being mixed. valves of engines running with heavy fuel oil, the in-
jection valve cooling system is to be provided with
Suitable equipment is also to be provided to prevent additional means of heating.
such mixing occurring over control and compression
lines. 11.2 Treatment of heavy fuel oil
8.3 The sludge tanks of purifiers are to be fitted with 11.2.1 Settling tanks
a level alarm which ensures that the level in the sludge Heavy fuel settling tanks or equivalent arrangements
tank cannot interfere with the operation of the purifier. with sufficiently dimensioned heating systems are to
9 Oil firing equipment be provided
Oil firing equipment shall be installed in accordance Settling tanks are to be provided with drains, emptying
with Section 9. Pumps, pipelines and fittings are arrangements and with temperature measuring
subject to the following requirements. instruments.
9.1 Oil fired main boilers shall be equipped with at 11.2.2 Heavy fuel oil cleaning for diesel engines
least two service pumps and two pre-heaters. For filter For cleaning of heavy fuels, purifiers or purifiers
see 7. Pumps and heaters are to rated and arranged that combined with automatic filters are to be provided.
the oil firing equipment remains operational even if
one unit should fail.
This also applies to oil fired auxiliary boilers and 11.2.3 Fuel oil blending and emulsifying
thermal oil heaters unless other means are provided for equipments
maintaining continuous operation at sea even if a Heavy fuel oil/diesel oil blending and emulsifying
single unit fails. equipments require approval by BKI.
9.2 Hose assemblies for the connection of the burner 11.3 Service tanks
may be used. Hose assemblies shall not be longer than
required for retracting of the burners for purpose of 11.3.1 For the arrangement and equipment of
routine maintenance. Only approved hose assemblies service tanks, see Section 10, B.
may be used.
11.3.2 The capacity of the service tanks shall be
11-26 Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps
such that, should the treatment plant fail, the supply to 11.6 End preheaters
all the connected consumers can be maintained for at
least 8 hours. Two mutually independent end preheaters are to be
provided.
11.3.3 Where the overflow pipe of the service tank
is terminated in the settling tanks, suitable means shall The arrangement of only one preheater may be ap-
be provided to ensure that no untreated heavy fuel oil proved where it is ensured that the operation with fuel
can penetrate into the service tank in case of over- oil which do not need preheating can be temporary
filling of a settling tank. maintained. The necessary tanks for such fuel oil are
to be arranged.
11.3.4 Daily service tanks are to be provided with
drains and with discharge arrangements. 11.7 Viscosity control
11.4 Change-over arrangement diesel oil/ 11.7.1 Where main and auxiliary engines are oper-
heavy oil ated on heavy fuel oil, automatic viscosity control is to
be provided.
11.4.1 The change-over arrangement of the fuel
supply and return lines is to be so arranged that faulty 11.7.2 Viscosity regulators are to be fitted with a
switching is excluded and to ensure reliable separation local temperature indicator.
of the fuels. 11.7.3 Local control devices
Change-over valves which allow interpositions are not The following local control devices are to be fitted
permitted. directly before the engine
11.4.2 The change-over devices are to be accessible - a pressure gauge,
and permanently marked. Their respective working
position must be clearly indicated. - a temperature indicator.
11.4.3 Remote controlled change-over devices are to 11.8 The heavy fuel system is to be effectively
be provided with limit position indicators at the control insulated as necessary.
platforms.
11.5 Fuel supply through stand pipes H. Lubricating Oil Systems
11.5.1 Where the capacity of stand pipes exceeds 1. General requirements
500 litres, the outlet pipe is to be fitted with a remote
controlled quick-closing valve operated from outside 1.1 Lubricating oil systems are to be constructed to
the engine room. Stand pipes are to be equipped with ensure reliable lubrication over the whole range of
air/gas vents and with self-closing connections for speed and during run-down of the engines and to
emptying and draining. Stand pipes are to be fitted ensure adequate heat transfer.
with a local temperature indicator.
1.2 Priming pumps
11.5.2 Atmospheric stand-pipes (pressureless)
Where necessary, priming pumps are to be provided
Having regard to the arrangement and the maximum for supplying lubricating oil to the engines.
fuel level in the service tanks, the stand-pipes are to be
so located and arranged that a sufficient free space for 1.3 Emergency lubrication
degasification is available inside the stand pipes. A suitable emergency lubricating oil supply (e.g.
11.5.3 Closed stand-pipes (pressurized systems) gravity tank) is to be arranged for machinery which
may be damaged in case of interruption of lubricating
Closed stand-pipes are to be designed as pressure oil supply.
vessels and are to be fitted with the following
equipment: 1.4 Lubricating oil treatment
- a non-return valve in the recirculating lines from 1.4.1 Equipment necessary for adequate treatment
the engines, of lubricating oil such as purifiers, automatic
back-flushing filters, filters and free-jet centrifuges are
- an automatic degases or a gas blanket monitor to be provided.
with manual degases,
1.4.2 In the case of auxiliary engines running on
- a local pressure gauge, heavy fuel which are supplied from a common
lubricating oil tank, suitable equipment is to be fitted
- a local temperature indicator,
to ensure that in case of failure of the common
- a drain/emptying device, which is to be locked in lubricating oil treatment system of ingress of fuel or
the closed position. cooling water into the lubricating oil circuit, the
auxiliary engines required to safeguard the power
supply in accordance with the Rules for Electrical
Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps 11-27
3.3.1 Lubricating oil is to be supplied by a main valves fitted directly to the sea chests. Compressed air
pump and an independent stand-by pump. for blowing through sea chest gratings may exceed 2
bar only if the sea chests are constructed for higher
3.3.2 Where a reduction gear has been approved by pressures.
the BKI to have adequate self-lubrication at 75 % of
the torque of the propelling engine, a stand-by 1.6 Where a sea chest is exclusively arranged as
lubricating oil pump for the reduction gear may be chest cooler the steam or compressed airlines for
dispensed with up to a power ratio of clearing, may with BKI’s agreement, be dispensed
with according to 1.5.
P/nl [kW/Rpm] " 3,0
2. Special rules for ships with ice class
nl [Rpm] gear input revolution
2.1 For one of the sea chests specified in 1.1 the sea
3.3.3 The requirements under 3.1.2 are to be ap- inlet is to be located as near as possible to midship and
plied for multi-propeller plants and plants with more as far as possible to aft. The seawater discharge line of
than one engine. the entire engine plant is to be connected to the top of
3.4 Auxiliary machinery the sea chest.
3.4.1 Diesel generators 2.1.1 For ships with ice class ES 1 to ES 4 the sea
chest is to be arranged as follows:
Where more than one diesel generator is available,
stand-by pumps are not required. - In calculating the volume of the chest the
following value shall be applied as a guide
Where only one diesel generator is available (e.g. on
turbine-driven vessels where the diesel generator is about 1 m3 for every 750 kW of the ship's engine
needed for start-up etc.) a complete spare pump is to output including the output of auxiliary engines.
be carried on board. - The sea chest shall be of sufficient height to
3.4.2 Auxiliary turbines allow ice to accumulate above the inlet pipe.
Where cooling water is supplied by means of a scoop, 5.3 Plants with more than one main engine
strainers in the main seawater cooling line can be
dispensed with. For plants with more than one engine and with
separate cooling water systems, complete spare pumps
5. Seawater cooling pumps on board may be accepted instead of stand-by pumps
provided that the main seawater cooling pumps are so
5.1 Diesel engine plants arranged that they can be replaced with the means
5.1.1 Main propulsion plants are to be provided available on board.
with main and stand-by cooling water pumps. 5.4 Cooling water supply for auxiliary engines
5.1.2 The main cooling water pump may be Where a common cooling water pump is provided to
attached to the propulsion plant. It is to be ensured that serve more than one auxiliary engine, an independent
the attached pump is of sufficient capacity for the stand-by cooling water pump with the same capacity
cooling water required by main engine and auxiliary is to be fitted. Independently operated cooling water
equipments over the whole speed range of the pumps of the main engine plant may be used to supply
propulsion plant. cooling water to auxiliary engines while at sea,
The drive of the stand-by cooling water pump is to be provided that the capacity of such pumps is sufficient
independent of the main engine. to meet the additional cooling water requirement.
5.1.3 Main and stand-by cooling water pumps are If each auxiliary engine is fitted with an attached
each to be of sufficient capacity to meet the maximum cooling water pump, no stand-by cooling water pumps
cooling water requirements of the plant. need be provided.
Alternatively, three cooling water pumps of the same 6. Cooling water supply in dock
capacity and delivery head may be arranged, provided It is recommended that a supply of cooling water, e.g.
that two of the pumps are sufficient to supply the from a water ballast tank, should be available so that at
required cooling water for full load operation of the least one diesel generator and, if necessary, the
plant. domestic refrigerating plant may be run when the ship
With this arrangement it is permissible for the second is in dock.
pump to be automatically put into operation only in the Cargo and container cooling systems shall conform to
higher temperature range by means of a thermostat. the requirements stated in Rules for Refrigerating
5.1.4 Ballast pumps or other suitable seawater Installations, Volume VIII, Section l, I.4.
pumps may be used as stand-by cooling water pumps.
5.1.5 Where cooling water is supplied by means of
a scoop, the main and stand-by cooling water pumps K. Fresh Water Cooling Systems
are to be of a capacity which will ensure reliable
operation of the plant under partial load conditions and 1. General
astern operation as required in Section 2, E.5.1.1.e). 1.1 Fresh water cooling systems are to be so
The main cooling water pump is to be automatically arranged that the engines can be sufficiently cooled
started as soon as the speed falls below that required under all operating conditions.
for the operation of the scoop.
1.2 Depending on the requirements of the engine
5.2 Steam turbine plants plant, the following fresh water cooling systems are
5.2.1 Steam turbine plants are to be provided with allowed:
a main and a stand-by cooling water pump. - a single cooling circuit for the entire plant
The main cooling water pump is to be of sufficient - separate cooling circuits for the main and
capacity to supply the maximum cooling water auxiliary plant
requirements of the turbine plant. The capacity of the
stand-by cooling water pump is to be such as to ensure - several independent cooling circuits for the main
reliable operation of the plant also during astern engine components which need cooling (e.g.
operation. cylinders, pistons and fuel valves) and for the
auxiliary engines
5.2.2 Where cooling water is supplied by means of
a scoop, the main cooling water pump is to be of - separate cooling circuits for various temperature
sufficient capacity for the cooling water requirements ranges.
of the turbine plant under conditions of maximum
1.3 The cooling circuits are to be divided that, should
astern output.
one of the circuits fail, operation of the auxiliary
The main cooling water pump is to start automatically systems can be maintained.
as soon as the speed falls below that required for the
Change-over arrangements are to be provided for this
operation of the scoop.
11-30 Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps
1.6 Common cooling water systems for main and 4.2 Main cooling water pumps may be driven
auxiliary plants are to be fitted with shut off valves to directly by the main or auxiliary engines which they
enable repairs to be performed without taking the are intended to cool provided that a sufficient supply
entire plant out of service. of cooling water is assured under all operating
conditions.
2. Heat exchanger, coolers
4.3 The drives of stand-by cooling water pumps are
2.1 The construction and equipment of heat to be independent of the main engines.
exchanger and coolers are subject to requirement of
Section 8. 4.4 Stand-by cooling water pumps are to have he
same capacity as main cooling water pumps.
2.2 The coolers of cooling water systems, engines
and equipment are to be constructed to ensure that the 4.5 Main engines are to be fitted with at least one
specified cooling water temperatures can be main and one stand-by cooling water pump. Where
maintained under all operating conditions. Cooling according to the construction of the engines more than
water temperatures are to be adjusted to meet the one water cooling circuit is necessary, a stand-by
requirements of engines and equipment. pump is to be fitted for each main cooling water pump.
2.3 Heat exchangers for auxiliary equipment in the 4.6 For fresh cooling water pumps of essential
main cooling water circuit are to be provided with auxiliary engines the requirements for sea water
by-passes if by this means it is possible, in the event of cooling pumps in I.5.4 may be applied.
a failure of the heat exchanger, to keep the system in 4.7 A stand-by cooling water pump of a cooling
operation. water system may be used as a stand-by pump for
2.4 It is to be ensured that auxiliary machinery can another system provided that the necessary pipe
be maintained in operation while repairing the main connections are arranged. The shut-off valves in these
coolers. If necessary, means are to be provided for connections are to be secured against unintended
changing over to other heat exchangers, machinery or operation.
equipment through which a temporary heat transfer 4.8 Equipment providing for emergency cooling
can be achieved. from another system can be approved if the plant and
2.5 Shut-off valves are to be provided at the inlet and system are suitable for this purpose.
outlet of all heat exchanger. 4.9 For plants with more than one main engine the
2.6 Every heat exchanger and cooler is to be requirements for sea water cooling pumps in I.5.3 may
provided with a vent and a drain. be applied.
2.7.1 Arrangement and construction drawings of Cooling water circuits are to be provided with
keel and box coolers are to be submitted for approval. temperature controls in accordance with the
requirements. Control devices whose failure may
2.7.2 Permanent vents for fresh water are to be impair the functional reliability of the engine are to be
provided at the top of keel coolers and box coolers. equipped or manual operation.
2.7.3 Keel coolers are to be fitted with pressure 6. Preheating for cooling water
gauge connections at the fresh water inlet and outlet.
Means are to be provided for preheating fresh cooling
3. Expansion tanks water. Exception are to be approved by BKI.
3.1 Expansion tanks are to be arranged at sufficient 7. Emergency generating units
height for every cooling water circuit.
Internal combustion engines driving emergency
Different cooling circuits may only be connected to a generating units are to be fitted with independent
common expansion tank if they do not interfere with cooling systems. Such cooling systems are to be made
each other. Care must be taken here to ensure that proof against freezing.
Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps 11-31
Cargo ships are to be provided with two independent, Emergency bilge valve!
To be opened in an emergency only!
power bilge pumps. On ships up to 2000 tons gross,
one of these pumps may be attached to the main Emergency bilge valves and cooling water inlet valves
engine. must be capable of being operated from above the
floor plates.
On ships of less than 100 tons gross, one engine driven
bilge pump is sufficient. The second independent bilge 4.1.4 Rooms and deck in engine rooms are to be
pump may be a permanently installed manual bilge provided with drains to the engine room bilge. A drain
pump. The engine-driven bilge pump may be coupled pipe which passes through a watertight bulkhead is to
to the main propulsion plant. be fitted with a self-closing valve.
4.2 Shaft tunnel
3.6 Number of bilge pumps for passenger A bilge suction is to be arranged at the aft end of the
ships shaft tunnel. Where the shape of the bottom or the
length of the tunnel requires, an additional bilge
At least three bilge pumps are to be provided. One
suction is to be provided at the forward end. Bilge
pump may be coupled to the main propulsion plant.
valves for the shaft tunnel are to be arranged outside
Where the criterion numeral is 306) or more, an
the tunnel in the engine room.
additional bilge pump is to be provided.
4.3 Cargo holds
4. Bilge pumping for various spaces
4.3.1 Cargo holds are to be normally fitted with
4.1 Machinery spaces
bilge suctions fore and aft.
4.1.1 On ships of more than 100 tons gross, the
For water ingress protection systems, see Rules for
bilges of every main machinery space must be capable
Electrical Installations, Volume IV, Section 18,
of being pumped as follows:
B.4.1.9
a) through the bilge suctions connected to the
4.3.2 Cargo holds having a length under 30 m may
main bilge system,
be provided with only one bilge suction on each side.
4.3.3 On ships with only one cargo hold, bilge
6
wells are to be provided fore and aft.
) See SOLAS 1974, Chapter II-1, Part B, Regulation 6.
11-34 Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps
4.3.4 For cargo holds for the transport of - water contaminated with petrol or other
dangerous goods, see Section 12, P.7. dangerous sunstances is not drained to
machinery spaces where sources of ignition
4.3.5 In all Ro/Ro cargo spaces below the bulkhead may be present,
deck where a pressure water spraying system
according to Section 12, L.2.3 is provided, the - where the enclosed cargo space is protected
following is to be complied with : by a carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system
the deck scuppers are fitted with means to
S the drainage system shall have a capacity of prevent the escape of the smothering gas.
not less than 1,25 times of the capacity of
both the water spraying system pumps and 4.5 Spaces which may be used for ballast
required number of fire hose nozzles water, oil or dry cargo
S the valve of drainage arrangement shall be Where dry-cargo holds are also intended for carrying
operable from outside the protected space at ballast water or oils, the branch bilge pipes from these
a position in the vicinity of the drencher spaces are to be connected to the ballast or cargo pipe
system controls system only by change-over valves/connections.
S bilge wells shall be of sufficient holding The change-over valves must be so designed that an
capacity and shall be arranged on either side intermediate positioning does not connect the different
directly at the longitudinal bulkhead, not piping systems. Change-over connections are to be
more than 40 m longitudinally apart from such that the pipe not connected to the cargo hold is to
each other. be blanked off.
If in cargo ships above arrangements are not possible, For spaces which are used for dry cargo and ballast
the additional weight of water and the influence of the water the change over connection shall be so that the
free surfaces is to be taken into account in the ship’s system (bilge or ballast system) not connected to the
stability information. cargo hold can be blanked off.
4.6 Refrigerated cargo spaces
4.4 Closed cargo holds above bulkhead decks Refrigerated cargo spaces and thawing trays are to be
and above freeboard decks provided with drains which cannot be shut off. Each
drain pipe is to be fitted at its discharge end with a trap
4.4.1 Cargo holds above bulkhead decks of to prevent the transfer of heat and odours.
passenger ships or freeboard decks of cargo ships are
to be fitted with drainage arrangements. 4.7 Spaces for transporting livestock
4.4.2 The drainage arrangements shall have a Spaces intended for the transport of livestock are to be
capacity that under consideration of a 5o list of the additionally fitted with pumps or ejectors for dis-
ship, at least 1,25 times both the capacity of the water charging the waste overboard.
spraying systems and required number of fire hose
nozzles can be drained 4.8 Spaces above fore and aft peaks
These spaces shall either be connected to the bilge
4.4.3 Closed cargo holds may be drained directly to
system or are to be drained by means of hand pumps.
overboard, only when at a heel of the ship of 5o, the
edge of the bulkhead deck or freeboard deck will not Spaces located above the aft peak may be drained to
be immersed. the shaft tunnel or to the engine room bilge, provided
the drain line is fitted with a self-closing valve which
Drains from scuppers to overboard are to be fitted with
is to be located at a highly visible and accessible
reverse flow protecting devices according to, Rules for
position. The drain lines shall have a diameter of at
Hull Construction, Volume II, Section 21.
least 40 mm.
4.4.4 Where the edge of the deck, when the ship
4.9 Cofferdams, pipe tunnels and void spaces
heel 5o is located at or below the summer load line
(SLL) the drainage shall be led to bilge wells or drain Cofferdams, pipe tunnels and void spaces adjoining
tanks with adequate capacity. the ship's shell are to be connected to the bilge system.
4.4.5 The drainage tanks are to be fitted with a high Where the after peak is adjoining the engine room, it
level alarm and are to be provided with draining may be drained over a self-closing valve to the engine
arrangements with a capacity according to 4.4.2. room bilge.
4.4.6 It is to be ensured that For cofferdams, pipe tunnels and void spaces located
above the deepest load water line equivalent means
- bilge arrangements prevent excessive may be accepted by BKI after special agreement.
accumulation of free water,
4.10 Drainage systems of spaces between bow
Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps 11-35
doors and inner doors on Ro-Ro valves shall not move from the demanded position.
ships.
4.13.6 Bilge wells shall comply with 1.3.1.
A drainage system is to be arranged in the area
between bow door and ramp, as well as in the area 4.13.7 Dewatering and pumping arrangements shall
between the ramp and inner door where fitted. The be such that when they are in operation the following
system is to be equipped with an audible alarm shall be available:
function to the navigation bridge for water level in – The bilge system shall remain ready for use
these areas exceeding 0,5 m above the car deck level. for any compartment.
For bow doors and inner door, see Rules for Hull, – The immediate start of the fire fighting
Volume II, Section 6, H.7. pumps and supply of fire fighting water shall
4.11 Chain lockers remain available.
Chain lockers are to be drained by means of – The system for normal operation of electric
appropriate arrangements. power supply, propulsion and steering shall
not be affected by operating the drainage and
4.12 Condensate drain tanks of charge air pumping system.
coolers
For water ingress detection systems see Rules for
4.12.1 If condensate from a drain tank of a charge air Electrical Installations, Volume IV, Section 18.
cooler shall be pumped overboard directly or
indirectly, the discharge line is to be provided with an 4.13.8 The capacity of the dewatering system
approved 15 ppm alarm. If the oil content exceeds 15 according 4.12.1 is to be calculated according
ppm an alarm is to be released and the pump shall stop following formula :
automatically. Q = 320 . A [m3/h]
The 15 ppm alarm is to be arranged so that the bilge A is the free cross section area in m2 of the largest air
pump will not be stopped during bilge pumping from pipe or ventilation opening connecting the exposed
engine room to overboard. deck with the space for which dewatering is required.
4.12.2 Additionally the tank is to be provided with 5 Additional requirements for passenger
a connection to the oily water separator. vessels
4.13 Dewatering of forward spaces of bulk 5.1 Bilge pipe arrangement and bilge valves
carriers
5.1.1 The arrangement of bilge pipes
4.13.1 On bulk carriers means for dewatering and
pumping of ballast tanks forward of the collision - within 0,2 B of the ship's side measured at
bulkhead and bilges of dry spaces forward of the the level of the subdivision load line,
foremost cargo hold are to be provided. - in the double bottom lower than 460 mm
4.13.2 The means are to be controlled from the above the base line or
navigation bridge, the propulsion machinery control - below the horizontal level specified in Rules
position or an enclosed space which is readily for Hull Construction, Volume II, Section 29.
accessible from the navigation bridge or the propulsion F.
machinery control position without traveling exposed
freeboard or superstructure decks. is permitted only if a non-return valve is fitted in the
compartment in which the corresponding bilge suction
A position which is accessible via an under deck
is located.
passage, a pipe trunk or other similar means of access
is not to be taken as readily accessible. 5.1.2 Valve boxes and valves of the bilge system
are to be installed in such a way that each
4.13.3 Where piping arrangements for dewatering of
compartment can be emptied by at least one pump in
forward spaces are connected to the ballast system 2
the event of ingress of water.
non-return valves are to be fitted to prevent water
entering dry spaces from the ballast system. One of Where parts of the bilge arrangement (pump with
these non-return valves shall have positive means of suction connections) are situated less than 0,2 B from
closure. The valve shall be operated from a position as the shell, damage to one part of the arrangement must
stated in 4.12.2. not result in the rest of the bilge arrangement being
rendered inoperable.
4.13.4 The valve required in P.1.3.3 shall be
operated from a position as stated in 4.12.2. 5.1.3 Where only one common piping system is
provided for all pumps, all the shut-off and change-
4.13.5 It must be recognizable by positive indication
over valves necessary for bilge pumping must be
at the control stand whether valves are fully open or
arranged for operating from above the bulkhead deck.
closed. In case of failure of the valve control system
11-36 Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps
Bilge pumps located in other spaces are to have direct 1.4 By-pass lines are not permitted for oily-water
suctions to the space in which they are installed. separating equipment/filtering systems.
Ships with a length of 91,5 m or over or having a 2.1 A sludge tank is to be provided. For the
criterion of service numeral according SOLAS 74 of fittings and mountings of sludge tanks, see Section 10,
30 6) or more are to have at least one bilge pump E.
available in all flooding conditions for which the ship 2.2 A self-priming pump is to be provided for
is designed to withstand. This requirement is satisfied sludge discharge to reception facilities. The capacity of
if the pump shall be such that the sludge tank can be
- one of the required pumps is a submersible emptied in a reasonable time.
emergency bilge pump connected to its own 2.3 A separate discharge line is to be provided for
bilge system and powered from a source discharge of fuel and oil residues to reception
located above the bulkhead deck or facilities.
- the pumps and their sources of power are 2.4 Where incinerating plants are used for fuel
distributed over the entire length of the ship and oil residues, compliance is required with
the buoyancy of which in damaged condition Section 9 and with the Resolution MEPC.76(40)
is ascertained by calculation for each “Standard Specification for Shipboard Incinerators”.
individual compartment or group of
compartments, at least one pump being
available in an undamaged compartment.
5.3.2 The bilge pumps specified in 3.6 and their P. Ballast Systems
energy sources may not be located forward of the 1. Ballast lines
collision bulkhead.
1.1 Arrangement of piping - general
5.4 Passenger vessels for limited range of
service 1.1.1 Suction in ballast water tanks are to be so
arranged that the tanks can be emptied despite
The scope of bilge pumping for passenger vessels with unfavorable conditions of trim and list.
limited range of service, e.g. navigation in sheltered
water service, can be agreed with BKI.
6. Additional Rules for tankers 7
) With regard to the installation on ships of oily water
separators, filter plants, oil collecting tanks, oil discharge
See Section 15, B.4. lines and a monitoring and control system or a 15 ppm
alarm device in the water outlet of oily water separators,
7. Bilge testing compliance is required with the provisions of the
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution
All bilge arrangements are to be tested under BKI’s from Ships, 1973, (MARPOL) and the Protocol of 1978.
Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps 11-37
4. Additional rules for Tankers 3.5 The laying of pipes through accommodation,
public or service spaces is not permitted.
See Section 15, B.4.
3.6 Pipelines passing through cargo holds are to
5. Operational testing be installed in such a way that they cannot be
The ballast arrangement is to be subjected to damaged.
operational testing under BKI’s supervision. 3.7 Pipe penetrations through bulkheads and
decks are to be insulated against conduction of heat
into the bulkhead. See also Section 12, B.7.
3.8 Means of bleeding (of any air) are to be so
Q. Thermal Oil Systems arranged that oil/air mixtures will be drained safely.
Thermal oil systems shall be installed in accordance Bleeder screws are not permitted.
with Section 7 II. 3.9 For screening arrangements of thermal oil
The pipelines, pumps and valves belonging to these pipes G.3.4 applies as appropriate.
systems are also subject to the following requirements. 4. Drainage and storage tanks
1. Pumps 4.1 Drainage and storage tanks shall be equipped
1.1 Two circulating pumps which are to be with air vents and drains. For storage tanks see also
independent of each other are to be provided. Section 10, D.
1.2 A transfer pump is to be installed for filling 4.2 The air vents for the drainage tanks shall
the expansion tank and for draining the system. terminate above open deck. Air pipe closing devices
see R.1.3.
1.3 The pumps are to be so mounted that any oil
leakage can be safely disposed of. 4.3 Drains shall be of self-closing type if the
tanks are located above double bottom.
1.4 For emergency shut-down see Section 12,
B.9. 5. Pressure testing
2.1 Only valves made of ductile materials may be 6. Tightness and operational testing
used. After installation, the entire arrangement is to be
2.2 Valves shall be designed for a nominal subjected to tightness and operational testing under the
pressure of PN 16. supervision of BKI.
1.1.4 For the height above deck of air and overflow 1.1.15 For the connection to a common line of air
pipes and the necessity of fitting brackets on air pipes, and overflow pipes on ships with the character of
see Rules for Hull Construction, Volume II, Section classification mark ! or ! see D.9.
21.E.
1.1.16 For the cross-sectional area of air pipes and
The wall thickness of air pipes on the exposed deck air/overflow pipes, see Table 11.18.
shall be in accordance with Tables 11.20a and 20b.
1.2 Number of air and overflow pipes
1.1.5 Air pipes from unheated leakage oil tanks and
lubricating oil tanks may terminate at clearly visible 1.2.1 The number and arrangement of the air pipes
positions in the engine room. Where these tanks from is to be so performed that the tanks can be aerated and
part of the ship’s hull, the air pipes are to terminate deaerated without exceeding the tank design pressure
above the free board deck, on passenger ships above by over- or under pressure.
the bulkhead decks. It must be ensured that no leaking 1.2.2 Tanks which extend from side to side of the
oil can spread onto heated surfaces where it may ship must be fitted with an air/overflow pipe at each
ignite. side. At the narrow ends of double bottom tanks in the
1.1.6 Air pipes from lubricating oil tanks and forward and after parts of the ship, only one
leakage oil tanks which terminate in the engine room air/overflow pipe is sufficient.
are to be provided with funnels and pipes for safe 1.3 Air pipe closing devices
drainage in the event of possible overflow.
Air/overflow pipes terminating above the open deck
1.1.7 On cargo ships of 500 gross tons or above and are to be fitted with approved pipe heads.
on all passenger ships air pipes of lubricating oil tanks
which terminate on open deck are to be arranged such To prevent blocking of the air pipe head openings by
that in the event of a broken air pipe this shall not their floats during tank discharge the maximum
directly lead to the risk of ingress of sea or rain water. allowable air velocity determinated by the
manufacturer is to be observed.
1.1.8 Wherever possible, the air pipes of feedwater
and distillate tanks should not extend into the open 1.4 Overflow systems
deck. Where these tanks form part of the ship’s shell
l.4.1 Ballast water tanks
the air pipes are to terminate within the engine room
casing above the freeboard deck, in passenger ships Proof by calculation is to be provided for the system
above the bulkhead deck. concerned that under the specified operating
conditions the design pressures of all the tanks
1.1.9 Air pipes for cofferdams and void spaces with
connected to the overflow system cannot be exceeded.
bilge connections are to be extended above the open
deck respectively on passenger vessels above the
bulkhead deck.
1.4.2 Fuel oil tanks
1.1.10 On cargo ships of 500 gross tons or above and
on all passenger ships air pipes of fuel service and The requirements to be met by overflow systems of
settling tanks which terminate an open deck are to be heavy oil tanks are specified in BKI "Regulation for
arranged such that in the event of a broken air pipe this the Construction, Equipment and Testing of Closed
shall not directly lead to the risk of ingress of se aor Fuel Overflow Systems".
rain water, see also Section 10, B.5.2. Table 11.18 Cross-sectional areas of air and
1.1.11 Where fuel service tanks are fitted with overflow pipes
change-over overflow pipes, the change-over devices
Cross-sectional areas of air
are to be so arranged that the overflow is led to one of Tank filling and overflow pipes
the storage tanks. systems
AP AOP
1.1.12 The overflow pipes of changeable tanks must
be capable of being separated from the fuel overflow by 1/3 f per tank -
system. filling gravity
1.1.13 Where the air and overflow pipes of several mode by - 1,25 f per
tanks situated at the ship's shell lead to a common line, pumping tank 1)
the connections to this line are to be above the
freeboard deck if possible but at least so high above
the deepest load waterline that should a leakage occur
in one tank due to damage to the hull or listing of the
ship, fuel or water cannot flow into another tank.
1.1.14 The air and overflow pipes of lubricating oil
and fuel tanks shall not be led to a common line.
11-40 Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps
1.5 Determination of the pipe cross-sectional 2.1.8 In cargo holds, fitted with non weather tight
areas. hatch covers, 2 level alarms are to be provided in each
cargo hold, irrespective if sounding pipes are fitted.
1.5.1 For the cross-sectional areas of air and The level alarms are to be independent from each other
overflow pipes, see Tables 11.18 and 11.19. and are to be type approved by BKI.
Air and overflow pipes shall have an outside diameter 2.1.9 Sounding pipes passing through cargo holds
of at least 60,3 mm. are to be laid in protected spaces or they are to be
protected against damage.
On ships > 80 m in length in the forward quarter only
air/overflow pipes with and outer diameter % 76,1 mm 2.2 Sounding pipes for fuel, lubricating oil and
may be used, see also Rules for Hull, Section 21. thermal oil tanks
1.5.2 The clear cross-sectional area of air pipes on 2.2.1 Sounding pipes which terminate below the
passenger ships with cross-flooding arrangement must open deck are to be provided with self-closing devices
be so large that the water can pass from one side of the as well as with self-closing test valves, see also
ship to the other within 15 minutes, see also P.3. Section 10, B.3.3.7.
1.6 The minimum wall thicknesses of air and 2.2.2 Sounding pipes shall not to be located in the
overflow pipes are to be in accordance with Table vicinity of firing plants, machine components with
11.20a and 11.20b, whereby A, B and C are the groups high surface temperatures or electrical equipment.
for the minimum wall thicknesses.
2.2.3 Sounding pipes must not terminate in
1.7 The pipe material are to be selected according accommodation or service spaces.
to B.
2.2.4 Sounding pipes are not to be used as filling
2. Sounding pipes pipes.
2.1 General 2.3 Cross-sections of pipes
2.1.1 Sounding pipes are to be provided for tanks, 2.3.1 Sounding pipes shall have an inside diameter
cofferdams and void spaces with bilge connections and of at least 32 mm.
for bilges and bilge wells in spaces which are not
accessible at all times. 2.3.2 The diameters of sounding pipes which pass
through refrigerated holds at temperatures below 0 !C
On application, the provision of sounding pipes for are to be increased to an inside diameter of 50 mm.
bilge wells in permanently accessible spaces may be
dispensed with. 2.3.3 The minimum wall thicknesses of sounding
pipes are to be in accordance with Tables 11.20a and an open funnel or with means of preventing back-flow.
11.20b.
4. Pressure water tanks/calorifiers
2.4 For pipe materials see B.
For design, equipment, installation and testing of
pressure water tanks and calorifiers, Section 8, A. and
E. are to be observed.
5. Drinking water pumps
S. Drinking Water Systems 8)
5.1 Separate drinking water pumps are to be
1. Drinking water tanks provided for drinking water systems.
1.1 For the design and arrangement of drinking 5.2 The pressure lines of the pumps of drinking
water tanks see Rules for Hull, Volume II, Section 12. water pressure tanks are to be fitted with screw-down
1.2 On ships with ice class ES1 and higher non-return valves.
drinking water tanks located at the ship's side above
6. Drinking water generator
the ballast waterline are to be provided with means for
tank heating to prevent freezing. Where the distillate produced by the ship's own
evaporator unit is used for the drinking water supply,
2. Drinking water tank connections the treatment of the distillate has to comply with
2.1 Filling connections are to be located current regulations of national health authorities.
sufficiently high above deck and are to be fitted with
a closing device.
2.1.1 Filling connections are not to be fitted to air
pipes.
2.2 Air/overflow pipes are to be extended above
the open deck and are to be protected against the entry
of insects by a fine mesh screen.
Air pipe closing devices, see Section 11, R.1.3.
2.3 Sounding pipes must terminate sufficiently
high above deck.
3. Drinking water pipe lines
3.1 Drinking water pipe lines are not to be
connected to pipe lines carrying other media.
3.2 Drinking water pipe lines are not to be laid
through tanks which do not contain drinking water.
3.3 Drinking water supply to tanks which do not
contain drinking water (e.g. expansion tanks of the
fresh water cooling system) is to be made by means of
Table 11.19 Cross-sectional areas of air and overflow pipes (closed overflow systems)
Tank filling and overflow Cross-sectional areas of air and overflow pipes Remarks
systems AP OP 2)
DP
1/3 f - - cross-sectional area of
Stand-pipe
stand-pipe % 1,25 F
Filling
1/3 f 1) min. 1,25 F - cross-sectional of relief
Relief valve
valve % 1,25 F
11-42 Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps
Location
Air, sounding and
Drain lines and scupper pipes
overflow pipes
Piping
system or below freeboard
Tank
position of Tank with deck or bulkhead
with above Cargo Machinery
open pipe disparate- deck above below
same free- holds spaces
outlets media weather weather
media without with board
shutt-off shut-off deck deck
deck
on ship's on ship's
side side
Air,
Overflow
and C - - C A A
sounding
pipe
Scupper
pipes from A
open deck
Discharge
and scupper A A
pipes
B -
leading - -
B A
directly
overboard B
Discharge
pipes of
pumps for A
sanitary
systems
the water tightness is to be ensured by means of remote 2.1 High-pressure hose assemblies made of
controlled shut-off devices at the watertight bulkheads. non-metallic materials
The operation of the shut-off devices must be possible Hose assemblies which are suitable for use in systems
from an always accessible position above the bulkhead with distinct dynamic load characteristics.
deck on passenger ships and above the unsuitable leak
water line on other ships. The position of the shut-off 2.2 Low-pressure hose assemblies and
devices must be monitored at the remote control compensators made of non-metallic
position. materials
3.3 Where the lowest inside opening of the sanitary Hose assemblies or compensators which are suitable
discharge system is below the bulkhead deck, a screw- for use in systems with predominant static load
down non-return valve and a second reverse-flow characteristic.
protection device are to be fitted in the discharge line 2.3 Maximum allowable working pressure
of the sanitary water treatment arrangement. In this respectively nominal pressure of hose
case, discharge line of sanitary collecting tanks are to assemblies and compensators made of non-
be fitted with a gate valve and two reverse-flow metallic materials
protection devices. Concerning the shut-off devices
and reverse-flow protection devices, 2.7.3, 2.7.4 and 2.3.1 The maximum allowable working pressure for
2.7.5 are to be applied. high-pressure hose assemblies is the maximum
dynamic internal pressure which may be imposed on
the components.
2.3.2 The maximum allowable working pressure
U. Hose Assemblies and Compensators
respectively nominal pressure for low-pressure hose
1. Scope assemblies and compensators is the maximum static
internal pressure which may be imposed on the
1.1 The following requirements are applicable for components.
hose assemblies and compensators made of non-
metallic and metallic materials. 2.4 Test pressure
1.1.1 Hose assemblies and compensators made of 2.4.1 For non-metallic high-pressure hose
non-metallic and metallic materials may be used assemblies the test pressure is 2 times the maximum
according to their suitability in fuel-, lubricating oil-, allowable working pressure.
hydraulic oil, bilge, ballast, fresh water cooling,
2.4.2 For non-metallic low-pressure hose
seawater cooling, compressed air, auxiliary steam 10),
assemblies and compensators the test pressure is 1,5
exhaust gas and thermal oil systems as well as in
times the maximum allowable working pressure or 1,5
secondary piping systems.
times the nominal pressure.
1.2 Hose assemblies and compensators made of
2.4.3. For metallic hose assemblies and
non-metallic materials are not permitted in
compensators the test pressure is 1,5 times the
permanently pressurized starting air lines. Furthermore
maximum allowable working pressure or 1,5 times the
it is not permitted to use hose assemblies and
nominal pressure.
compensators in fuel injection piping systems of
combustion engines.
1.3 Compensators made of non-metallic materials are 2.5 Burst pressure
not approved for the use in cargo lines of tankers.
For non-metallic as well as metallic hose assemblies
2. Definitions and compensators the burst pressure is to be at least 4
times the maximum allowable working pressure or 4
Hose assemblies consist of metallic or non-metallic
times the nominal pressure. Excepted hereof are non-
hoses completed with end fittings ready for
metallic hose assemblies and compensators with a
installation.
maximum allowable working pressure or nominal
Compensators consist of bellows with end fittings as pressure of not more than 20 bar. For such components
well as anchors for absorption of axial loads where the burst pressure has to be at least 3 times the
angular or lateral flexibility is to be ensured. End maximum allowable working pressure or 3 times the
fittings may be flanges, welding ands or approved pipe nominal pressure.
unions.
For hose assemblies and compensators in process and
Burst pressure is the internal static pressure at which a cargo piping for gas and chemical tankers the burst
hose assembly or compensator will be destroyed. pressure is required to be at least 5 times the maximum
allowable working pressure.
3. Requirements
10
) Metallic hose assemblies and compensators only
Section 11 - Piping Systems, Valves and Pumps 11-45
3.1 Hoses and compensators used in the systems 5.1 Hose assemblies and compensators are to be
mentioned in 1.1.1 are to be of approved type.11) subjected in the manufacturer's works to a pressure test
in accordance with 2.4 under the supervision of the
3.2 Manufacturers of hose assemblies and BKI.
compensators must be recognized by BKI.
5.2 For compensators intended to be used in exhaust
3.3 Hose assemblies and compensators including gas pipes the pressure test according 5.1 may be
their couplings must be suitable for the operating ommited.
media, pressures and temperatures they are designed
for. 6. Ship Cargo hoses
3.4 The selection of hose assemblies and 6.1 Ship cargo hoses for cargo-handling on chemical
compensators is to be based on the maximum tankers and gas tankers shall be type approved. 11)
allowable working pressure of the system concerned.
A pressure of 5 bar is to be considered as the minimum Mounting of end fitting is to be carried out only by
working pressure. approved manufacturers. 12)
3.5 Hose assemblies and compensators for the use in 6.2 Ship cargo hoses are to be subjected to final
fuel-, lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, bilge and seawater inspection at the manufacturer under supervision of a
systems are to be flame-resistant. BKI Surveyor as follows :
4.5 Where hose assemblies and compensators are - manufacturer's mark or symbol
installed in the vicinity hot components they must be - date of manufacture
provided with approved heat-resistant sleeves.
- type
4.6 Hose assemblies and compensators conveying
flammable liquids that are in close proximity of heated - nominal diameter
surface are to be provided with screens or other similar
- maximum allowable working pressure
protection to avoid the risk of ignition due to failure at
respectively nominal pressure.
the hose assembly or compensator.
- marking number of the responsible BKI
5. Tests
inspection office
11
) See “Regulations for the Performance of Type Tests, Part
12
5 - Test Requirement for Mechanical Components and ) See”Regulations for the Recognition of Manufacturers of
Equipments” Hose Assemblies and Compensators”