CONCLUSION

From brief study of literature and study material it can be stated

that the seismic qualification of all equipment in Shree Warana
sahakari sakhar karakhana ltd is performed by collecting
earthquake experience data. Static and dynamic analysis of
Selected factory shed is performed to determine seismic
parameters of karakhana structure viz. frequency, floor
accelerations, mass participation, bolt forces etc. Also seismic
qualification of anchorage bolts of various Equipment’s situated at
various floor levels in Shree Warana sahakari sakhar
karakhana ltd is performed by analytical method. Conclusions
from these experience based and analytical investigation are
presented below.

A) The experience database collected from the Shree Warana

sahakari sakhar karakhana ltd will provide a valuable database
for preparing an economical & simplified qualification procedure
for Indian manufactured Structures, System and Equipment
(SS&E) used in Indian Power Plants & Industries. The various
SS&E surveyed in this Sugar Factory includes a wide diversity in
age, size, configuration, application, operating conditions,
manufacturer, type of building, location within building, local soil
conditions, quality of maintenance and quality of construction.

B) All the equipment data, collected, on performance of equipment

is classified according to various categories viz. equipment type,
make, model, anchoring type, design features, performance levels
(pass/fail criteria), earthquake acceleration levels, mounting
elevation, and additional categories/criteria specific to equipment
type. The design, mounting, anchorage details of the equipment
which performed well will be included as acceptance rules. In the
present work structure, system and equipment in the area are
qualified by experience data survey which experienced more than
200+ earthquakes having magnitude 3.5 and more having PGA up
to 0.48g. All types of equipment in the Shree Warana sahakari
sakhar karakhana ltd are qualified by experience data ,whose
qualification by analysis and shake table test is time consuming
and costlier.

C) This approach of seismic qualification by using

experience data is first time used in India and in India none of
work is done on it in the past. Moreover huge experience data
bank of SS&E in the Sugar Factories & industries all over India is
required which will be helpful for all future factories and
industries.

D) The Sugar Factory Shed and equipment in the sugar

factory and general industries can be qualified for their structural
integrity and more important for the functional performance of the
active equipment based on the good performance of similar or
same equipment in a sugar factory which have witnessed the real
earthquakes with acceleration levels higher than those for which
the equipment in the factory are to be seismically qualified. This
is a most realistic and economic i.e. cost effective method of
seismic qualification of equipment than the other methods.

E) The Sugar Factory structure is constructed on the Rocky

strata with raft footing and it’s all components are anchored in the
Raised footing Above Ground Level with excess Precautions ,
Thus the structure possesses structural integrity with respect to its
footing . This may be the main reason for no any damage to the
structure during 1967 earthquake while all the surrounding houses,
buildings, bridges severely damaged due to the earthquake. Also
according to frequency, mass participation and FRS, Shree
Warana sahakari sakhar karakhana structure is rigid enough to
sustain the earthquakes having PGA more than 0.48g.

F) The equipment in the plant were in working condition or

operational during and after earthquake. The equipment in the
plant was well anchored or bolted to the supporting base frame or
embedded in concrete block. . There is no failure of equipment
foundation, anchorage, supporting due to earthquake. The
anchorage should be strong enough to sustain seismic forces so
that equipment continue to operate during and after the
earthquake. Current condition of equipment anchorage, its base
frame and foundation is very good. Thus it is proved that the
anchorage details of equipment in Sugar factory are strong enough
to sustain the earthquake having PGA up to 0.48 g, this
information will be very useful for future Sugar factories and
industries. The study of equipment foundation, anchorage and
mounting arrangement plays very important role in the seismic
qualification of equipment.

G) All the anchorage bolts of all the selected equipment are

seismically qualified. The forces occurred in the anchorage bolts
during major Koyna earthquake 1967 are very less than their
original capacity. Anchorage bolts have seen very less
accelerations from 0.3 to 0.6g in longitudinal directions during
1967 Koyna earthquake. Thus the equipment anchorages are
strong enough to sustain earthquake having PGA up to 0.48g.

Future Scope

A Shake Table Test performs the time history analysis in only X

direction and gives the Acceleration data is X, Y & Z Also.
Vertical component cannot be checked. Separate Numerical
Seismic Analysis should be perform to see whether the vertical
earthquake component would play an important role in its seismic
behaviour.
Further this study will give approach to seismically qualify the
equipment with the help of real experience data base provided the
equipment to be mounted have similar mounting arrangement.
After a detailed and careful review of the full range of the
available experience data base, combined with test data, analysis,
and operational experience, etc., the earthquake capacity spectrum,
and minimum anchorage requirement and acceptance and rejection
rules can be formulated. Based on above information the
earthquake capacity spectrum, and minimum anchorage
requirement and acceptance and rejection rules can be formulated,
acceptance and rejection rules for each class of equipment in
general can be framed and associated reference spectra shall be
developed which can be used for seismic qualification of similar
equipment in other industries.