GMAT Grammar Book v7

TarGATE ’19 ECTest ID: 191251
Answer Keys:
General Aptitude
1 A 2 B 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 D 7 D
8 B 9 C 10 D
Electronics and Communication Engineering
1 D 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 B 6 B 7 -4
8 4 9 1.25 10 0 11 45 12 B 13 A 14 0
15 D 16 4.8 17 C 18 A 19 D 20 0 21 C
22 -20 23 48.164 24 D 25 B 26 D 27 1.81 28 C
29 A 30 D 31 1 32 48.089 33 88.88 34 C 35 D
36 0.75 37 D 38 C 39 B 40 0.14 41 C 42 B
43 B 44 2 45 A 46 A 47 1.47 48 B 49 24.25
50 2 51 1.1875 52 A 53 A 54 B 55 C
Explanations:
General Aptitude
2. Total age of 30 boys = 30 15  450

Total age of 29 boys after one boy (20 years) left = 450–20=430
Let the age of younger boy be ‘x’ years
∴ Age of older boy = x5 years
Total age of 31 boys after two new boys join  430  x   x  5   435  2x
Clearly, 435  2x  3115  x  15years
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1
1 1
3. Total distance walked  2  1    .........
2 4
1
which is in G.P, whose 1st term, a=2 and common ratio , r 
2
a 2
 s   4
1 r 1 1
2
4. Given AB=1000m = 1km P

MAP  45; MAB  30; NBP  60; NPB  30;
15 30
From PBN, PN  BPsin 60
In ABM, BM  ABsin 30
PQ  PN  NQ
 PN  BM 150
 BPsin 60  ABsin 30 B 60 N
 3   1  3 1 90
  1     1    60
 2   2  2 15
90
30
(  ABP is isosceles triangle, AB=BP=1km) A M Q
5. Let the marked price be Rs. x

Selling price after 10% discount = Rs. 0.9x
 0.9x 16,560  x  18400
Profit earned is 15% when selling price is Rs. 16,560
100
cos t price 16,560  Rs.14400
115
When no discount is offered, the selling price will be equal to marked price which is Rs. 18,400.
18400  14400
 %profit   100  27.8
14400
2
 3  2 2   3  2 2 
3 3
6.
 3 2 2   3 2 2 
3 3
1 1
  
 3  2 2   3  2 2   3  2 2   3  2 2 
3 3 3 3
2   3  3  3   2 2  
3 2
 
   198 a b a b  2 a 3  3ab 2  
3 3
 98 
3  
7. x  y  z  0  x  y  z
  x  y   z   x 2  y 2  2xy  z 2
2 2
 z 2  x 2  y 2  2xy
Similarly, x 2  y2  z2  2yz & y2  z2  x 2  2xz
1 1 1
Given expression =  2  2
x  y   x  y  2xy  y  z   y  z  2yz  z  x   z  x 2  2xz 
2 22 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1  x  y  z 
    0
2xy 2yz 2xz 2xyz
 2x forx  0
8. yx x 
0 for x  0
∴ Option (B) is correct.
9. In each diagram, the sum of the upper left and upper middle numbers is written in the centre box, and the
sum of the upper right and upper middle is written in the lower central box. Hence the missing number is
4+3 = 7
3
Electronics and Communication Engineering
2 5 4
1. (A) 4 2 1  0; sin ce R 2  2R 3 .
2 1 0.5
2 4 1
(B) 3 6 3  0; since C2  2C1.
4 8 5
1 2 7
(C) 2 3 5  0; since R 3  3 R 2
6 9 15
3 2 1
(D) 2 4 5  316  15  2 8  5  16  4  3  6  2  1  0.
1 3 4
3 2 1
  2 4 5  is non –singular matrix.
1 3 4 
2. From question,
V2
V1 
k
V2
I1  2kI 2 and   Z2
I2
V1 V2 1
Input impedance   
I1 I 2 2k 2
V1 Z2

I1 2k 2
4
10 1  10s s  0.01 1  s

3. G s  
5  100s s  0.05 1  s
Maximum phase lag
  0.5   20
1     0.5 
sin 1    sin 1    19.47
1     1.5 
4.  f  t   F s 
F  3s  1 
?
f  t  
 F s 
t
 3F  3s 
f   
3
t   1 
e  t 3f   
 3F  3  s   
 3   3 
1 3t  t 
e f    F  3s  1
3 3
5. x  n   4n u   n 
n
1 1
x  n     u  n  

4 1
1  z 1
4
1
x  n   
1
1 z
4
x  n   X z
 X  z 1 
x  n  
6. EC  EF  0.0348
n 
E C  E F  KT n  c 
 nd 
n  n
0.0348  0.026 n  c   c  3.813
 nd  nd
5
7. Apply KCL at positive node,

V  4 V  4 4
  0  V   V
20K 10K 3
 R   2  4 
V0  1  2  V  1     4V
 R1   1  3 
F   B  DA  C
8.
A
C
BDAC F
So 4 number of NOR gates required. B
D
9. f = 60 MHz
C  f
C 3  108
  5
f 60  106
Given quarter wave monopole antenna,
 5
So, length =   1.25m
4 4
10. For skew symmetric matrix, elements of principal diagonal are zero.
a  e  i  0
11. Vgs  VT  NMOS is ON
VDS  0.1V
VGS  VT  1.2  1  0.2
VDS  Vgs  VT so linear region
W 1 2 
ID  n Cox 
L
 Vgs  VT  VDS  VDS 6
  45  10 A
2 
6
12. s  t   e t , 0  t  T
h  t   s  T  t 
h  t   s  T  t  real 
y  t   s  t   h  t   e  t  e  T  t 
1 1 1
Y  s   eT   eT 2
s 1 s 1 s 1
1
y  t   e  T sin ht ; sinht 

s2  1
13. PSD of x  t  is 8  
Sx    8  
X    2      4
2
 
1 1
 X   d   2   4d  4
2
So Power 
2  2 
So x  t   2
K
14. CLTF 
s  3s  2s  K
3 2
K
OLTF 
s  s  3s  2 
2
K p  lim OLTF  
S 0
A
ess  0
1  Kp
15. 
Y  C D  A .B DC  CDS  
By de morgan's law
Y  CD  D  C    A  B    C  D  S
7
16. Given Vi  10V

So Q1 is cutoff
From calculation we get Q 2 is in saturation
So VCE2 Q2   0.2
0.2  5
IL   4.8mA
1K
17. Solar cell is a photo voltaic device.
18. FA A A _ _ _ _1017 times

A A 1
A A A  A 1  A
 If A is EX-NORed odd number of times, then the answer is A
A A A _ _ _ _1017 times  A
10
19. v  mC m3 1  r  4
r2
netflux       v .dv
10 2
  r sin dddr
r2
 10    sin d d dr
 10  cos 0  2  r

 10  2  2  2  251.3 mC
8
2
20.  log  tan x  dx

0
We have,
a a
 f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx (Since by properties of definite integrals)

0 0
2 2

0
log  tan x  dx   log  tan   2  x  dx
0
2 2 2
 log  tan x  dx   log  cot x  dx    log  tan x  dx

0 0 0
2
 log  tan x  dx  0
0
21. AA T  I  A T A .........1
and A T  A ...................... 2 
 From (1) and (2), we have
A 2  I  A 1  A 2   A 1  I 
 A  A 1
 A is self inversed.
8k
22. I50K  0
So, Vab  0 
 I Vab  80I
2 2V   Vab 50k Isc
I 1000
8k 
2
ISC  80 I  80 
8k
 20mA
9
  1 1024 f (x)
23. Signal power  E x 2   x 2 dx   21.33
8
16 48 1
2 16
 2Vmax 
 2  L   16 
2
1 4
Noise power       3.255  10
12 12  256  12
S
SNR  10 log    48.164 dB.
N 8 0 8 x
24. sinc2 100t  sin c3  200t   sinc  900t 
Nyquist rate  max  900,  2 100    3  200    max  900, 800   900 Samples/sec
1
25. xt 
8  t2
2a
e  a t 

a  2 2
2
e  t 

1  2
Using dual property in Fourier Transform
2a
 2e  a 

a  t2
2
1 2  a 

 e
a t
2 2
2a
1  2 2 
  e
 
2
2 2  t2 2 2
10
Ks
26. G s 
s 4
2
j
Ks
1  G s H s   0  1  0 2j
s 4
2
s2  4
K
s
K   s2  4  -2
0  
S S  s  

s  2s   s 2  4 K=4
 0  s  2
s2
 s  2 is valid break point
G s  H s  s2
1 -2j
K  2 
1 K  4
44
So for K  4 RLD lies on real axis only
27. The quantized samples exists at the output of the quantizer with probabilities as follows
1 1 1
P  y1   Area of region 1  1   f x
2 4 8
1 1 3
P  y 2   Area of region  2     1/2
2 8 8
3 1
P  y3   , P  y 4   slope 1/4
8 8 1/4
Entropy at the quantizer output is 1 2 3 4
x
1 3 8
H  y    log 2 8  log 2   2 2 1
1 0 1 2
8 8 3
 1.81 bits samples
11
100
28. x  29
x
x 2  100  29x  0
 x  4  x  25  0
x  4 and x  25 (or) x  4 and x  25
x  25 (or) x4
75  3 78
So, probability = 
100 100
29. After source transformation,
a a

10V   42V  
 
10V  30V

 12V
5 2A  2A VTh
4 5 10
6
b
b
Calculation of VTh,
VTh  10 VTh  30
 20
5 10
2VTh  20  VTh  30  20  0
2A 5 3A 10 2A IN
3VTh  30V  VTh  10V
Calculation of ISC,
Source transformation
ISC  I N  3A
12
30. A C
B
Y
D
A
t 0
AB
20ns
20ns
C
20ns 40ns
D
0 40ns 60ns
31. For an input x  t   e jt the output follows the input.
Thus y  t   ke
jt  k 
k  H  j  where as ' o ' is the frequency of the applied input.
o
Here o  1
 3  4j  3  4j
k    1
 4  3j  4  3j
 1 
13
32. Vi  VUTP Output changes from  15 to  15

Vi  VLTP Output changes from  15 to15
5sin   0.3 TON
 0.3  5V
  sin 1    3.4398
 5 
sin 180      sin 
t1  183.4398 0.33  2
 t1 t2
sin  360      sin 
t 2  356.5602 5V
TOFF
TON  θ t 2 - θ t1  173.1204
TON 173.1204 T
Duty cycle    100  48.089%
Ttotal 360
2  0 0 1
 1  1
n  n1 2 1 0 4 1 4 1
33.  2   
n 2  n1 2  0 0 1 3
 1  1
2 1 0 4 0 4

Ptransmited  1  
2
P
incident
 1
 1    Pincident
 9
Ptransmited 8
  100  88.88%
Pincident 9
34. The probability that an energy state is filled at EC  KT is given by

1
f  E C  KT   EC  KT  EF/KT
…(1)
1 e
The probability that a state is empty at EC  KT is
1
1  f  EC  KT   1  …(2)
1  eEC  Ef  KT/KT
Equation 1 = Equation 2
1 1
E C  KT  E F
1  E  KT  E F
1 e KT
1 e KT
E c  KT  E f
1 1 e 1 KT
ln1  E C  KT  E F  E F  E C  KT
14
35. V3  VGS
V1  5  40k  100  1V
V2  5  40k  100  1V
1 W
 Vgs  Vt  
2
100A   n Cox 
2 2  
 100  106  Vgs  1   1   Vgs  1 10

20 2 2
100  106 
2  
Vgs  1.32  V3  1.32
36. E  10 e0.1z sin  t  0.3z  aˆ x V / m

  0.1,   0.3
1/2
  
2 
 1     1
     
 

 1      1
2
   
    
   
2 
 1     1 
     
2 2
1   10
       1.4  
 3  1      1
2 8   
   
    

Loss of tangent   0.75

37. Method-I:
We have
b
1
 (x-a)
a
p
dx converges for P < 1
diverges for P  1
Hence P = 2  The given integral diverges
Method-II:
(x  1) 1 1

 1 (x  1)
Putting limits, we have
 infinity,so diverges.
15
38. x  t   s  t   A cos  c t  30 

 A cos c t m  t  A cos  c t  30 
A2m  t  A2m  t 
xt  cos  30   cos  2c t  30 
2 2
A2 A4
yt  m  t  cos300  Py  t   Pm  cos 2 30
2 4
2
A4  3 3A 4
    m
P  Pm
4  2  16
39. When Vin  0, then diode D1 will be in forward bias D2 will be OFF.
 
10k
Vin 20k Vo
30V
 
 
So Vout  0V. When 0  Vin  20V
10k
D1 is ON , D 2is ON
Vin 20k Vout
 Vout  Vin
30V
 
 
10k
Vin 20k Vo
30V
 
Vout
When Vin  20V, D1 is OFF, D2 is ON
20V
20
So Vout   30  20V
20  10
Vin
20V
16
L 10 1
40. T   sec
R 50 5 R
100  t

it  1  e 
  2 1  e 
5t
50  
VR  Ri  t   2  50 1  e 5t  100 1  e 5t  i L
V
VL  L
di
dt
10 
d
dt

2 1  e 5t   100e 5t 
VR  VL  100 1  e5t  100e 5t
1
2e5t  1  t  n2  0.14 sec
5
41. p  t   51010  pe t /10-7 cm-3 by comparing with
p  t   po  pe t/ p  p 107 sec

po  5 1010
Excess carrier generation rate = gexc  5 1018 cm3 sec1

p
g exc 
p
p  51018 107  5 1011 cm 3
42. Developing the state table

Present State Next State Output
x y Q Q+ s 00/0
11/0 01/0
0 0 0 0 0
01/1 0 1
0 0 1 0 1 10/0
0 1 0 0 1 10/1 00/1 11/1

0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1 1
17
1 1
43. x  t   e2t , X    , X   
2  j 4  2
1
s xx    X   
2
4  2
1
s yy    s xx   x H   
2
,  2   2
4  2
2
1 1  
2
  tan 1 1  tan 1  1 
1 1 1 1
Ey  t    d    tan 1    
2 2 4  2
2 2   2   2 2 2
1   1
   
4  4 4  8
44. By d’ Alembert’s formula, we have the solution to IVP for wave equation is
x  ct
1 1
u  x, t   f  x  ct   f  x  ct   g  s  ds ... 1
2 2c x ct
Here; u  x,0  f  x   2sinx & u t  x,0   g  x   0; C2  1  C  1.

Equation (1) becomes;
xt
1 1
u  x, t   f  x  t   f  x  t     0. ds
2 2 x t
1 1
  2sin  x  t   2sin  x  t    0
2 2
2
 sin x. cos t  cos x sin t  sin x.cost + cos x. sin t   2 sin x.cos t
2
 The solution at x   2, t  0,
i.e, u   2, 0   2sin  2. cos 0  2.
18
45. For small signal analysis
Vo  g'm R 'c V1 R 'C

Vo
V1  Vin   g m R 'c ...(1) Vout
Vin
Vin
Vout

Vin V1 r1 g m1 V R 'C

1
Now to calculate R 'c we will consider the small signal equivalent of the circuit.
 RC
V 2 r2
I 
 g m2 V2 V

V 2  1 
I  g m 2 V 2    g m 2   V L
r 2  r 2 

V 1
 R c'  r 2 ...(2)
I g m2
Vo  1 
From (1) and (2)  g m1  r 2 
Vin  gm 
 2 
19
46. Taking Laplace transform of given equation

 s2 Y(s)  sy(0)  y(0)  5[s Y(s)  y(0)]  6Y(s)  0
Applying boundary conditions,
2s  8
 Y(s) 
s  5s  6
2
 2s  8   4 2 
 L1[Y(s)]  L1  2   L1    ; since by partial fractions
 s  5s  6  s  2 s  3
 4e2t  2e3t
47.
1

x  t   L1  sI  A   x  0   L1  sI  A  BU  s 
1

 L1   sI  A   BU  s  
1
 
s  1 0 
sI  A   
 0 s  2
 1 
 0 
1 s  2 0  s 1
 sI  A 
1
     
 s  1 s  2   0 s  1  0 1 
 s  2 
 1   1 
 0   s 1 
1
 sI  A  BU  s    s  1 1 1   1 
1

 0 1    
 s  2   s  2 
e t 
x(t)   2t 
e 
 e t 
y  t    0 4  2t   4e 2t
e 
1
at t   4  e 1  1.47
2
20
A c2 Tb N
48. peAsk  Q , A c  2, 0  2 106
4 N0 2
N0
 2  106 , Tb  1 sec  106
2
4  106 1
peAsk  Q 6
 Q 
4  4  10 2
49. ZTh   40  j30  j20

 40  j30   j20  9.412  j22.35
j20  40  j30
The value of PL that will absorb the maximum average power is
R L  Zth  9.4122  22.352  24.25
W
50. k n  k 'n    20, R D  5k
 L
VDS  1.1  I D R D
2 2
I D  k n  Vgs  V1   k n  Vgs  1
For saturation VDS  Vgs  VT  VDS   Vgs  1
1.1  I D R D  Vgs  1
1.1  R D k n  Vgs  1  Vgs  1

2
1.1 5k  20 106  Vgs  1   Vgs  1

2
Vgs 2  8Vgs  20  0
At the edge of saturation Vgs  Vgsmax
V 2 gsmax  8Vgsmax  20  0
8  64  80
Vgsmax   2 or 2 so Vgsmax  2V
2
21
 4x 
51. Let f  x, y   2cos  y
 3 
Given, x o  0, y(0)  1, h  0.25
By Euler 's method, we have
y1  y  x1  0.25   y o  hf  x o , y o 
 1  0.25f  0,1
 1  0.25 1  1.25
y 2  y  x 2  0.5   1.25  0.25f  0.25,1.25 
  4  0.25   
 1.25  0.25f  2cos    1.25 

  3  
 1.25  0.25  0.25 
 1.25  0.0625  1.1875
52. 40 10 0.7
50
0.7
10V
10  0.7
I  0.186 Amp
50
53. 2 poles on RH from RH criterion (Two sign changes in first column occur)
Characteristic Equation  s3  7s2  8s  100  0
s3 1 8
s2 7 100
44
s1 0
7
s0 100
So, two poles on Right hand side and one pole on left hand side.
22
54. A PM signal under arbitrary modulation is given by A cos  c t  k p m  t  
k p  2
Instantaneous angle of modulation carrier,

d d
i  t   c t  2m  t   i  i  t   c  2 m  t 
dt dt
d
    2 m  t   m  t   2  103 t
dt
d
m  t   2  103      2  2  103
dt
f  f  2  103  2kHz
55. 1. Software interrupts are RST6, RST0

2. Hardware interrupts are Trap (RST 4.5), RST7.5, RST 6.5, RST 5.5.
23

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TarGATE ’19 ECTest ID: 191251

Electronics and Communication Engineering

2. Total age of 30 boys = 30 15  450

4. Given AB=1000m = 1km P

5. Let the marked price be Rs. x

Electronics and Communication Engineering

10 1  10s s  0.01 1  s

7. Apply KCL at positive node,

11. Vgs  VT  NMOS is ON

13. PSD of x  t  is 8  

16. Given Vi  10V

17. Solar cell is a photo voltaic device.

18. FA A A _ _ _ _1017 times

20.  log  tan x  dx

 f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx (Since by properties of definite integrals)

 log  tan x  dx   log  cot x  dx    log  tan x  dx

24. sinc2 100t  sin c3  200t   sinc  900t 

So for K  4 RLD lies on real axis only

29. After source transformation,

31. For an input x  t   e jt the output follows the input.

32. Vi  VUTP Output changes from  15 to  15

34. The probability that an energy state is filled at EC  KT is given by

 100  106  Vgs  1   1   Vgs  1 10

36. E  10 e0.1z sin  t  0.3z  aˆ x V / m

38. x  t   s  t   A cos  c t  30 

41. p  t   51010  pe t /10-7 cm-3 by comparing with

p  t   po  pe t/ p  p 107 sec

Excess carrier generation rate = gexc  5 1018 cm3 sec1

42. Developing the state table

0 1 0 0 1 10/1 00/1 11/1

Here; u  x,0  f  x   2sinx & u t  x,0   g  x   0; C2  1  C  1.

45. For small signal analysis

Vo  g'm R 'c V1 R 'C

Vin V1 r1 g m1 V R 'C

46. Taking Laplace transform of given equation

49. ZTh   40  j30  j20

R L  Zth  9.4122  22.352  24.25

For saturation VDS  Vgs  VT  VDS   Vgs  1

1.1  R D k n  Vgs  1  Vgs  1

1.1 5k  20 106  Vgs  1   Vgs  1

At the edge of saturation Vgs  Vgsmax

54. A PM signal under arbitrary modulation is given by A cos  c t  k p m  t  

Instantaneous angle of modulation carrier,

55. 1. Software interrupts are RST6, RST0

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