Agriculture Fertilizer Feeding Machine

AGRICULTURE FERTILIZER FEEDING MACHINE
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Introduction
We are developed agriculture fertilizer new RND mechanical project. This
project provides farmer three needs solution cropping, spraying, dust ring. Shortly
explanation of each part as follow.
We are developed agriculture Fertilizer mechanical project. This project

provides farmer three needs solution crop fertilizing. Shortly explanation of each part
as follow. An understanding of soil chemical properties is important because of their
effect on nutrient Availability to plants. Also, these properties may usually be
favorably altered with the use of lime and/or fertilizer materials. Many plants need 18
elements (see Table 1) for normal growth and completion of their life cycle. These
elements are called the essential plant nutrients. Soil amendments containing the
essential plant nutrients or having the effect of favorably changing the soil chemistry
have been developed and used to enhance plant nutrition. These amendments are our
lime and fertilizer materials.
With the development of these modern lime and fertilizer materials, as well as
equipment for handling and application, amending soil chemical properties became a
cheap and easily accomplished task relative to the high returns often achieved. Soil
testing developed as a means for answering questions about need for a particular
amendment (status of the soil's fertility) and uncertainty about how much to add.
1
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Narode R. R.1, Sonawane A. B.2, Mahale R. R.3, Nisal S. S.4, Chaudhari S. S.5,
Bhane A. B.6 1,2,3,4Student at Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Pune, SND COE & RC, Yeola, Dist. Nasik, India [1] A method was
generated to spread the fertilizer uniformly over a fallow land by dropping the
fertilizer over the impeller disc. The system consists of a three wheels, two at the front
and one at the back. These two wheels at the front are used to impel the fertilizer. The
two hoppers are used to store the fertilizer; these hoppers are placed at some height
from the wheel axle so that the fertilizer falls on to the impeller. The hopper is
provided with flow control mechanism. In fertilization, the flow maintenance is
necessary. Generally every crop should get sufficient amount of fertilizer. This
condition is satisfied by Spring Mechanism. In normal conditions spring is not in
tension and hopper is closed. As operator apply tension on the spring, controlling
plate moves backward and hopper is open. Below this system there is an impeller. It is
mounted on output shaft. Hooper opens on Impeller eccentrically and due to
centrifugal action fertilizer spreads in the farm. This high value of centrifugal force is
generated by the help of proper gear reduction ratio. The gears are coupled to the shaft
of wheel.
With this machine, percentage reduction in time required for Fertilization was
observed to be 50% and reduction in labor cost as compared to conventional method
was 80%. It has solved the problem of traditional way of Fertilization
Deshpande P.M.1, Shinde M.A.2, Wadile A.S.3, Vaidya R.R.4, Shukla V [2] In
recent days it has been found that farmers are not able to gain more crop production
by use of conventional methods. This project is concentrated on manually fertilization
process. A method is generated in which fertilizer is spread by means of rotating
impeller. The system consist of two wheels which are used to impel fertilizer; a
hopper to store fertilizer along with flow control mechanism. Below this system there
is an impeller. It is mounted on output shaft; pair of bevel gears which are coupled to
the shaft of wheel. The whole design is supported by frame and column. Keywords:
Fertilizer spreader, hopper, flow control mechanism, impeller, bevel gear, frame.
2
Vignesh.B1 NavaneethaKrishnan.M2 Sethuraman.N3 1,2Student 3Associate

Professor 1,2,3Department of Mechanical Engineering 1,2,3IFET College of
Engineering, Villupuram, India [3] A method was generated to spread the fertilizer
automatically over the agricultural land by dropping the fertilizer over the impeller
disc. A 25cc engine is used to rotate impeller disc in which the fertilizer drains and
spreads from hopper where it is introduced. In tractor mounted or manual system they
carry four and three wheels respectively. But here two wheels are used in which the
bigger front wheel is connected to engine through supporting wheel can be adjustable.
The speed of wheel is varied by control lever connected through a cable. In this the
fertilizer spreads only in front side of impeller while its back side 180 is covered. The
size and width of the fertilizer is reduced to make it less weight and suitable for multi
crops. From this method the cost fertilizer spreader is reduced by 50%.
In Feb 2015, Narode R.R, Sonawane A.B, Mahale R.R, Nisal S.S, Chaudhari
S.S, Bhane A.B proposed “Manually Operated Fertilizer Spreader”. [4] A
method was generated to spread the fertilizer uniformly over a fallow land by
dropping the fertilizer over the impeller disc. The system consists of a three heels, two
at the front and one at the back. These two wheels at the front are used to impel the
fertilizer. The two hoppers are castoff to supply the fertilizer. These hoppers are tie up
at certain height from the wheel axle so that the fertilizer drops on to the impeller. The
hopper is on condition that with flow control contrivance. In fertilization, the flow
maintenance is indispensable. In general every crop ought to get sufficient amount of
fertilizer. This condition is gratified by Spring Mechanism. In ordinary conditions
spring is not in pressure and hopper is locked. As operator apply pressure on the
spring, controlling plate moves backward and hopper is open. Beneath this system
there is an impeller. It is astride on output shaft. Hooper opens on Impeller bizarrely
and due to centrifugal action fertilizer spreads in the farm.
In February 2016, S.Meivel, Dr.R.Maguteeswaren, N.Gandhiraj, G.Srinivasan
proposed “Quadcopter UAV Based Fertilizer and Pesticide Spraying System”. The
quadcopter is cost in effect substitute to extraordinary cost standard rotorcrafts. UAVs
are briskly forthcoming routine for cultivation, production and protection
progressions. The quadcopter was elected for this project because of tall stability and
further lifting power. The controller of quadcopter is laid-back than the helicopter
exemplary of vehicles. Some solicitations of quadcopter are Search and Rescue,
3
Police, Code Enforcement/Inspections, Emergency Management, Fire, Surveillance,

Border Security, Defense, etc.
1 Bhojane Swapnil, 2 Inamdar Arbaz,3Somoshi Sail,4Yadav

Suraj,5Mr.Dighe.M.D. 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jaihind
Polytechnic Kuran, maharastra, [5] India is agricultural based country. Our
economy is also depends on agricultural related product. In the recent days it has been
found that farmers are unable to grain more crop production by use of conventional
agricultural methods. This project is based on manually fertilization process. A
method is generated to spread the fertilizer over a fallow land by dropping the
fertilizer over the spreader disc. The project design divided in to three level, top level,
middle level, bottom level. Top level consists a hopper. Middle level consist a gear
arrangement, chain drive and spreader disc. The bottom level consists wheel. The
whole design is supported by frame and column.This project has solved the problem
of traditional way of fertilization. This project has solved the problem of traditional
way of fertilization. By using fertilizer spreading machine equal amount of fertilizer
spread.
Objectives:
 Fertilization process should be less time consuming.

 Portable
 Driven by manually
 Light weight
 Less cost
 User friendly
 Eco-friendly
 Less fatigue to operator
 Maximum land cover
2.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION
In recent days it has been found that farmers are unable to gain more crop production by use
of conventional agriculture methods and also each farmer which have less farm area. So there is big
need for the development of farming equipment’s for compensating these drawbacks. It is well known
that by using farm equipments farmers yield more crop productions which ultimately have an impact
on national economy. It gives prior need of development of agro equipment in field of agriculture.
As we can see today the major problem faced by farmers is shortage of labour and also time required
for fertilization is more. In order to solve this problem, it was proposed to manufacture a fertilizer
spreader machine which will be more economical than other spreader machines available in market for
the large farm owner. So, farmers can work more easy and functional.
4
CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM DESIGN
Diagram
Fig. Diagram of Agriculture fertilizer project
Design consists of application of scientific principles, technical information

and for development of new or improved machine or mechanism to perform a specific
function with maximum economy & efficiency. Hence a careful design approach has
to be adopted. The total design work has been split up into part.
1. System design
2. Mechanical design
System design mainly concerns the various physical constrains and
ergonomics, space requirement, arrangement of various components on main frame at
system, man and machine interactions, no. of controls, working environment of
machine chances of failure safety measures to be provided, servicing aid, ease of
maintenance, scope of improvement, weight of machine from ground level, total
weight of machine and a lots more.
5
In a system design we mainly concentrated on the following parameters,

system selection based on physical constraints. While selecting any machine it is
going to be used in large scale industry or small scale industry in our case it is to be
used by small scale industries. So space is a major constrain.
The mechanical design has directly norms with the system design. Hence the
foremost job is to control the physical parameter, so that the distinction obtained after
mechanical design can be well fitted into that. In system design we mainly
concentrated on the following parameters.
1. Arrangement of various components:
Keeping into view the space restrictions the components should be laid such
that their easy removal or servicing is possible. More over every component should be
easily seen none should be hidden. Every possible space is utilized in component
arrangement.
3.1 Method of Manufacturing Process
This chapter will cover the details explanation of methodology that is being
used to make this project complete and working well. Many methodology or findings
from this field mainly generated into journal for others to take advantages and
improve as upcoming studies. The method is use to achieve the objective of the
project that will accomplish a perfect result. In order to evaluate this project, the
methodology based on System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), generally three
major step, which is planning, implementing and analysis.
Fig.3.1.1 block diagram of process
This final year project used three major steps to implement project starting
from planning, implementing and testing. All the methods used for finding and
analyzing data regarding the project related.
6
3.2 Planning
To identify all the information and requirement such as hardware and

software, planning must be done in the proper manner. The planning phase have two
main elements namely data collection and the requirements of hardware and software
3.2.2 Data collection
Data collection is a stage in any area of study. At this stage I planned about the
projects resources and requirements, literature studies and schedule to get more
information in this study. All the materials are collected from journal, texts book and
research papers gathered from libraries and Internet.
Within the data collection period I have found the study about the Automatic
car parking in the Internet and do some research about the project related. Once I got
the project manual, I tried to find out the electronic component and other materials
and some of equipment to be used.
While planning, I have done the research about the project related, which
including with study about the mechanical & civil components such as Rack &
Pinion, Round pipe, DC gear motor, microcontroller kit etc. The study is not just for
the function of the component but the types of small circuit build by each component
related.
7
3.1.2 Steps of Methodology
3.3 OPERATION INVOLVED MANUFACTURING
3.2.1 Introduction of manufacturing:
The word manufacturing is derived from the Latino manufactures, meaning

made by hand. Manufacturing involves making products from raw materials by
various processes or operations. Manufacturing is generally a complex activity,
involving people who have a board range of disciplines and skills and wide verity of
Machine, equipment, and tooling with various levels of automation, including
computers, robots and material handling equipment or devices.
Manufacturing is the process of converting the raw material, components or

parts into the finished product that meet a customer’s expectations or specifications.
8
Manufacturing process are the steps through which the raw materials are transformed
into which the design is made. These materials are then modified through
manufacturing process to become the required part. Manufacturing processes can
include treating (such as heat treating or coating)’ Machine or reshaping the material.
The manufacturing process can also include tests and checks for quality assurance
during or after the manufacturing and planning the production process prior to
manufacturing.
Manufacturing is the production of merchandise for use or sale using labor,

Machine tools, chemical & biological processing or formulation. The term may refer
to a range of human activity from handicraft high tech, but it most commonly applied
to the industrial production, in which the raw material are transformed into finished
goods on a large or small scale. Such finished goods may be used for manufacturing
other, more complex products, such as aircrafts, household appliances or automobiles,
or sold to wholesaler, who in turn sells them to retailers, who then sell to end users
(customers). The manufacturing sector is closely connected with engineering and
industrial design.
3.2.3 Performed operations:
In our project we performed some manufacturing operating operations so as to

complete our project and to perform those operations we used followings some
manufacturing processes they are:
1. Cutting.
2. Drilling.
3. Grinding.
4. Tapping.
5. Welding.
6. Finishing.
7. Hammering.
3.3.4 Cutting Operation:-
9
Cutting operation is done for to cut the pipes for making an cylinder and
condenser is a required dimensions from it. The power hacksaw is used to cutting
purpose of pipe and also we required cutting operation through power hacksaw for
cutting of air receiver material so as to make receiver and condenser. The material of
air receiver and condenser is mild steel. So it does required additional stress for
cutting operation.
Fig.3.3.1 Cutting
3.3.6 Drilling operation:-
Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill-bit to cut or enlarge a hole of

circular cross section in solid materials. The drill bit is a rotary cutting tool, often
multipoint. The bit is passes against the work piece and rotated inside the work piece
so as to produce a drill on it. The most important type of drill is the twist droll.
In our project we performed a drill operation on end surface plate which is

used to connect the air connection, pressure gauge, regulating valve inside the
cylinder. The drill is required to allow filter air to the air conditioning effect.
3.3.7 Grinding operation:-
10
Grinding may be defined as the act of shaping or wearing down a surface or

sharpening an edge by means of the cutting action of thousands of abrasive grains on
the surface of the grinding wheel. Excessive grinding shortens the useful life of a tool.
Taping is the manufacturing process used in produce the thread. Threading is

the process of creating a screw thread.
Fig.3.3.2 Grinding on plane surface of angle
Fig.3.3.3 grinding on welding joint
11
Welding
Arc welding is one of several fusion processes for joining metals. By applying
intense heat, metal at the joint between two parts is melted and caused to intermix -
directly, or more commonly, with an intermediate molten filler metal. Upon cooling
and solidification, a metallurgical bond is created. Since the joining is an intermixture
of metals, the final element potentially has the same strength properties as the metal
of the parts. This is in sharp contrast to non-fusion processes of joining (i.e. soldering,
brazing etc.) in which the mechanical and physical properties of the base materials
cannot be duplicated at the joint.
Welding: -3.3.4 for welding the angles together.
In arc welding, the intense heat needed to melt metal is produced by an

electric arc. The arc is formed between the actual work and an electrode (stick or
wire) that is manually or mechanically guided along the joint. The electrode can either
be a rod with the purpose of simply carrying the current between the tip and the work.
Or, it may be a specially prepared rod or wire that not only conducts the current but
also melts and supplies filler metal to the joint. Most welding in the manufacture of
steel products uses the second type of electrode.
12
Welding: - 3.3.5 for welding the angles together.
Equipment
The equipment for the shielded metal arc welding process consists of a power
source, welding leads, electrode holder, and work clamp or attachment. A diagram of
the equipment is shown below.
3.4 Fixture Arrangement:
The fixture assembly that brings all of the system together. These come in a
variety of configurations, vertical, horizontal, freestanding, or mobile cart.
13
Fig. 3.4.2 Fixture Arrangement
3.5.1 Introduction of manufacturing:
The word manufacturing is derived from the Latino manufactures, meaning

made by hand. Manufacturing involves making products from raw materials by
various processes or operations. Manufacturing is generally a complex activity,
involving people who have a board range of disciplines and skills and wide verity of
Machine equipment, and tooling with various levels of automation, including
computers, robots and material handling equipment or devices.
Manufacturing is the process of converting the raw material, components or

parts into the finished product that meet a customer’s expectations or specifications.
Manufacturing process are the steps through which the raw materials are transformed
into which the design is made. These materials are then modified through
manufacturing process to become the required part. Manufacturing processes can
include treating (such as heat treating or coating)’ Machining or reshaping the
material. The manufacturing process can also include tests and checks for quality
assurance during or after the manufacturing and planning the production process prior
to manufacturing.
14
Manufacturing is the production of merchandise for use or sale using labor,

Machine es, tools, chemical & biological processing or formulation. The term may
refer to a range of human activity from handicraft high tech, but it most commonly
applied to the industrial production, in which the raw material are transformed into
finished goods on a large or small scale. Such finished goods may be used for
manufacturing other, more complex products, such as aircrafts, household appliances
or automobiles, or sold to wholesaler, who in turn sells them to retailers, who then sell
to end users (customers). The manufacturing sector is closely connected with
engineering and industrial design.
3.5.2 Welding: - For welding the angles together.
Arc welding is one of several fusion processes for joining metals. By applying intense
heat, metal at the joint between two parts is melted and caused to intermix - directly,
or more commonly, with an intermediate molten filler metal. Upon cooling and
solidification, a metallurgical bond is created. Since the joining is an intermixture of
metals, the final element potentially has the same strength properties as the metal of
the parts. This is in sharp contrast to non-fusion processes of joining (i.e. soldering,
brazing etc.) in which the mechanical and physical properties of the base materials
cannot be duplicated at the joint.
In arc welding, the intense heat needed to melt metal is produced by an

electric arc. The arc is formed between the actual work and an electrode (stick or
wire) that is manually or mechanically guided along the joint. The electrode can either
be a rod with the purpose of simply carrying the current between the tip and the work.
Or, it may be a specially prepared rod or wire that not only conducts the current but
also melts and supplies filler metal to the joint. Most welding in the manufacture of
steel products uses the second type of electrode.
15
Fig.3.5.1 Welding
Equipment
The equipment for the shielded metal arc welding process consists of a power
source, welding leads, electrode holder, and work clamp or attachment. A diagram of
the equipment is shown below.
Fig. 3.5.2 Welding Process
16
CHAPTER 4
ASSEMBLY & WORKING PARAMETER
4.1 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
The design and development process of the roll cage involves various factors;
namely material selection, frame design, cross-section determination and finite
element analysis. The details of each step are given below.
A. Material Selection
As per the constraint given in the rulebook, the roll cage material must have at
least 0.18% carbon content. After an exhaustive market survey, the following
materials which are commercially available and are currently being used for the roll
cage of an Bicycle are shortlisted. A comparative study of these shortlisted materials
is done on the basis of strength, availability and cost. The shortlisted materials are as
follows.
4.2 STANDARD PART OF ASSEMBLY
4.2.1 CHASSIS
1. Design
To begin the initial design of the frame, some design guidelines were
required to be set. They included intended transmission, their placement, mounting of
motor, design features and manufacturing methods.
17
Fig. Chassis Design
FABRICATION
From the results of the above tests it is concluded that the roll cage is safe under
severe conditions. After the static analysis of the roll cage, material procurement was
done. Total 7 tubes of 6m length each were procured at a cost of Rs.5000. The cost
per kg was Rs.70. The material was cut and machined to required dimensions. Rail
cutter available in the workshop was used to serve the purpose. After analyzing the
material joining techniques available in the college workshop, metal arc welding was
selected. All the members of the roll cage can be joined by this technique. The
advantages of this welding technique are as follows:
 It is the simplest of all arc welding processes.

 The equipment is portable and the cost is fairly low.
 A big range of metals and their alloys can be welded.
18
Frame
1) In this project frame is used to connect and support the different components of
fertilizer.
2) Frame carries the whole weight of machine.
3) Pipes used for manufacturing the frame are of square cross section.
4) Arc welding process is used for joining pipes.
5) At bottom, wheels are attached.
Selection of material for frame:-
Selecting mild steel for frame design as it is easily available.
Fig. Frame
Hooper
Hooper is used to keep the Fertilizer. It also accommodates the flow metering
mechanism.
Fig,.Hooper
19
Advantages
1. The machine has very low error.
2. The size of project made by is more suitable for material handling system.
3. The cost of machine is less.
4. It is easy to make.
5. It has low maintenance.
6. The system has worked fully brick operated.
7. Size of machine is small therefore it is easy to transport.
8. Weight of machine is less.
Disadvantages
1. Being semiautomatic we cannot neglect at least one operator.
2. Wheel most important for forward motion operated.
APPLICATION:-
1) In educational organization.
2) In industries purpose.
3) Can be used to agriculture.
4) It is used in domestic purpose.
20
CHAPTER 5
PROCESS SHEET
5.1. PROCESS SHEET FOR FRAME -
Component: V Shape Angles
Material: Mild Steel
OPERATION MACHINES MEASURING TOTAL HRS

TOOLS INSTRUMENT
Cutting Cutter Linear Scale 1
Welding Welding m/c --- 1
Drilling Drilling m/c Vernier 2
Total --- --- 4
Table No. 5.1.1 Process Sheet For Frame
21
5.2 TIME STUDY OF OPERATION –
1
Search of topic 30 days
2
Selection of topic 10 days
3
Finalizing of topic 2 days
4
Literature review 15 days
5
Study of component 10 days
6 Cad diagram and starting of calculation

10 days
of component
7
Calculations 5 days
8 Finalizing the calculations and preparing

5 days
the final cad diagrams with dimensions
9
Starting manufacturing 15 days
10 Buying the standard component from

3 days
market
11
Testing of model 2 days
12
Soft copy of report 5 days
13
Final report 7 days
Table No. 5.2.1 Time Study of Operation
22
CHAPTER 6
COST ESTIMATION
6.1 Cost of Material:
Sr. No Part Name Weight Rate/kg Total cost
1 Ms plate 0.430g 30
2 streep 0.300g 25
TOTAL
Table No. 6.1.1 Cost of Material
23
6.2 Cost of Machining:
Sr. No Part Time Rate/hr Total Cost
1 treep Bending 20m 60
2 Grinding m/c 10m 50
3 Drilling m/c 30m 100
4 Welding m/c 1hr 200
5 Gas Welding 30m 300
5 Lathe machine 1hr 200
7 Cutting m/s 20m 100
Rs.
Table No. 6.2.1 Cost of Machining
24
6.3 Cost of Standard Parts:
Sr. No Part Quantity Rate/unit Total Cost
1. Power Supply Circuit 1 100
2. Nut and bolt 4 40
Small Screw
Gear lever (Nut bolt)
3. Switching Circuit 1 300
4. Dynamo 1 500
5. Regenerator 1 500
6. Switch 1 20
7. Wire 1 30
8. Multimeter 1 300
Rs.
Table No. 6.3.1 Cost of Standard Parts
25
6.5 Total Project Cost:
Cost of material + Cost of machining + Cost of std. part
26
CONCLUSION:-
The proper guidance of project head and the sincere efforts of our
group have led to the successfully accomplishment of our concerned
projects.
“AGRICULCHER FERTILIZER SYSTEM” was interesting to work on

and was also gained in this project work...
This knowledge of project will definitely be helpful in our future.
So we must maintain that this final year project was an essential part of
our engineering education enhancing our technical knowledge and
practical skill.
Our aim was to lift the maximum weight in minimum power

consumption as to reduce the solar panel and motor cost. Hence we are
provided our aim by design a suitable gear box to get maximum
mechanical advantages .due to gear box the maximum torque required to
lift the load is not coming directly on the motor shaft as we had seen it in
the gear box design .so at the end shaft the speed is reduced which we are
required & sufficient torque is increase to lift the load. Hence motor is
revolving with min. load over its shaft with minimum solar capacity.
27
 Reference
1. Narode R. R.1, Sonawane A. B.2, Mahale R. R.3, Nisal S. S.4, Chaudhari S.

S.5, Bhane A. B.6 1,2,3,4Student at Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Pune, SND COE & RC, Yeola, Dist. Nasik, India
2. Deshpande P.M.1, Shinde M.A.2, Wadile A.S.3, Vaidya R.R.4, Shukla V
3. Vignesh.B1 NavaneethaKrishnan.M2 Sethuraman.N3 1,2Student 3Associate
Professor 1,2,3Department of Mechanical Engineering 1,2,3IFET College of
Engineering, Villupuram, India
4. In Feb 2015, Narode R.R, Sonawane A.B, Mahale R.R, Nisal S.S, Chaudhari
S.S, Bhane A.B proposed “Manually Operated Fertilizer Spreader”.
5. In February 2016, S.Meivel, Dr.R.Maguteeswaren, N.Gandhiraj,
G.Srinivasan proposed “Quadcopter UAV Based Fertilizer and Pesticide
Spraying System”.
6. 1 Bhojane Swapnil, 2 Inamdar Arbaz,3Somoshi Sail,4Yadav
Suraj,5Mr.Dighe.M.D. 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jaihind
Polytechnic Kuran, maharastra, [5]
28
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AGRICULTURE FERTILIZER FEEDING MACHINE

We are developed agriculture Fertilizer mechanical project. This project

Vignesh.B1 NavaneethaKrishnan.M2 Sethuraman.N3 1,2Student 3Associate

Police, Code Enforcement/Inspections, Emergency Management, Fire, Surveillance,

1 Bhojane Swapnil, 2 Inamdar Arbaz,3Somoshi Sail,4Yadav

 Fertilization process should be less time consuming.

Fig. Diagram of Agriculture fertilizer project

Design consists of application of scientific principles, technical information

In a system design we mainly concentrated on the following parameters,

Fig.3.1.1 block diagram of process

To identify all the information and requirement such as hardware and

3.2.2 Data collection

3.1.2 Steps of Methodology

3.3 OPERATION INVOLVED MANUFACTURING

3.2.1 Introduction of manufacturing:

The word manufacturing is derived from the Latino manufactures, meaning

Manufacturing is the process of converting the raw material, components or

Manufacturing is the production of merchandise for use or sale using labor,

3.2.3 Performed operations:

In our project we performed some manufacturing operating operations so as to

3.3.4 Cutting Operation:-

3.3.6 Drilling operation:-

Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill-bit to cut or enlarge a hole of

In our project we performed a drill operation on end surface plate which is

3.3.7 Grinding operation:-

Grinding may be defined as the act of shaping or wearing down a surface or

Taping is the manufacturing process used in produce the thread. Threading is

Fig.3.3.2 Grinding on plane surface of angle

Fig.3.3.3 grinding on welding joint

Welding: -3.3.4 for welding the angles together.

In arc welding, the intense heat needed to melt metal is produced by an

Welding: - 3.3.5 for welding the angles together.

3.4 Fixture Arrangement:

Fig. 3.4.2 Fixture Arrangement

3.5.1 Introduction of manufacturing:

The word manufacturing is derived from the Latino manufactures, meaning

Manufacturing is the process of converting the raw material, components or

Manufacturing is the production of merchandise for use or sale using labor,

3.5.2 Welding: - For welding the angles together.

In arc welding, the intense heat needed to melt metal is produced by an

Fig. 3.5.2 Welding Process

4.2 STANDARD PART OF ASSEMBLY

Fig. Chassis Design

 It is the simplest of all arc welding processes.

5.1. PROCESS SHEET FOR FRAME -

Component: V Shape Angles

Material: Mild Steel

OPERATION MACHINES MEASURING TOTAL HRS

Welding Welding m/c --- 1

Drilling Drilling m/c Vernier 2

Total --- --- 4

Table No. 5.1.1 Process Sheet For Frame

5.2 TIME STUDY OF OPERATION –

6 Cad diagram and starting of calculation

8 Finalizing the calculations and preparing

10 Buying the standard component from

Table No. 5.2.1 Time Study of Operation

Sr. No Part Name Weight Rate/kg Total cost

Table No. 6.1.1 Cost of Material

6.2 Cost of Machining:

Sr. No Part Time Rate/hr Total Cost

1 treep Bending 20m 60

2 Grinding m/c 10m 50