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A coupled-fed PIFA antenna for 4G mobile phone application

Wen-Shan Chen and Jing-Wei Wang*


Southern Taiwan University, Tainan City, 710 Taiwan, R.O.C.
E-mail: chenws@eecs.stut.edu.tw, s15946@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT: This paper proposed a coupled-fed PIFA antenna with LTE700,


GSM850, GSM900, GSM1800, GSM1900, UMTS, LTE2300, and LTE2500
operating bands for 4G mobile system applications. The PIFA type antenna is
accomplished by a 50-ohm microstrip line feeding mechanism and a shorted strip
on left side of the T-shaped patch. The low frequency operating bands are
obtained through three resonant modes, which are generated by two resonant
paths. By adding two stacked copper plates on the path 2, the impedance
matching can be improved to form wide frequency band. The overall dimension
of 40×100×0.8 mm3 can be applied in today’s mobile devices.

Introduction

Today’s mobile phones need to cover 2G, 3G, and 4G mobile systems, whose
operation frequency bands include LTE700 (698-787 MHz), GSM850 (824-894
MHz), GSM900 (880-960 MHz), GSM1800 (1710-1880 MHz), GSM1900 (1850-
1990 MHz), UMTS (1920-2170 MHz), LTE2300 (2305-2400 MHz), and
LTE2500 (2500-2690 MHz) bands. Especially, the LTE (Long Term Evolution)
becomes the mainstream for its higher transmission speed and longer transmission
distance. The antenna for mobile phone application must cover these frequency
bands and be small for placing inside the phone. However, small antennas are
difficult to design with broad bandwidth covering LTE700/GSM850/GSM900. In
[1-5], PIFA type antennas use 0.25λ or 0.125λ resonant mode to reduce antenna
size. In this paper, the proposed antenna uses direct-fed method to excite the
antenna in the beginning; however, the operation bandwidth is not wide enough.
To reduce the impedance in the low frequency modes, coupled-fed mechanism [6-
8] is used to replace the direct-fed method. The coupled-fed mechanism uses a T-
shaped patch connected to a microstrip feed-line and a shorting path to resonate
three modes at the low frequency bands. Beside, the proposed PIFA antenna uses
two stacked metals to improve impedance matching of the low frequency band.
The designed operating bands cover LTE/GSM/UMTS eight bands operation.

Proposed Antenna

Figure 1 shows the geometry and picture of the proposed antenna, which is
fabricated on an FR4 substrate with thickness of 0.8 mm, relative permittivity of
4.4, and loss tangent of 0.024. The top side of substrate consists of a 50-ohm
microstrip feed line, a T-shaped patch, a shorted strip located on left side of the T-
shaped patch, two resonant paths (path 1 and path 2 as shown in figure 2) and two
stacked copper plates on the path 2. The detailed dimensions are shown on the
Figure. A SMA connector is used to feed the antenna at the end of the 50-ohm

978-1-61284-463-3/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE 1


microstrip line. The microstrip line and the shorted strip perform a PIFA type
antenna. The bottom side is the ground plane with size of 40×80×0.8 mm3. The
overall dimensions of the proposed PIFA antenna are 40×100×0.8 mm3. The T-
shaped patch generates an operating band centered at 1.88 GHz and the two
resonant paths produce three modes located at 0.73, 0.78, and 1.13 GHz. The
impedance matching is improved by placing the two stacked copper plates on the
path 2.

(a)

shorting point

via to a 50Ω
SMA connector
for testing in the
experiment

(b)
Figure 1 (a) Geometry and picture of the proposed PIFA antenna (b) The dimension of the
proposed antenna (unit: mm).

978-1-61284-463-3/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE 2


Path 1

Path 2

Figure 2 The two resonant paths of the proposed antenna.

Results and Discussion

In the first design, the proposed antenna uses the direct-fed method, which using a
50-ohm microstrip feed line to feed the two paths as shown in Figure 3a (Ref 1).
However, the operating bandwidths are not wide and impedance matching is poor
for the eight operating bands. To increase the resonant bandwidth, the feeding
mechanism is changed to the coupled-fed method, which using the T-shaped
patch to feed the two paths as shown in Figure 3a (Ref 2). Figure 3(b) shows the
simulated return losses of the proposed antenna with the direct-fed and coupled-
fed. The operating bandwidth of the coupled-fed method at low frequency band is
wider than that of the direct-fed method. In addition, the impedance matching of
the coupled-fed at high frequency band is also better than that of the direct-fed
method. Figure 4 shows the simulated and measured return losses of the proposed
antenna. From the results in the Figure 4, both simulated and measured results
show on good agreement, and the 6-dB impedance bandwidth is from 690-1111
MHz and 1140-3000 MHz. The simulated results are obtained by Ansoft HFSS.

Ref 1 Ref 2

(a)

978-1-61284-463-3/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE 3


(b)

Figure 3 (a) The structure of proposed antennas with coupling-feed (Ref 1) and direct-fed (Ref 2)
(b) the simulated return losses of the proposed antenna with direct-fed and coupled-fed (Ref 1 and
Ref 2).

0.690GHz 3GHz
1.41GHz

1.11GHz

Figure 4 Simulated and measured return losses of the proposed antenna.

Conclusions

A coupled-fed PIFA antenna with two resonant paths has been proposed for 4G
mobile system applications. By using the coupling T-shaped patch, the two
resonant paths operate three resonant modes to form a wide frequency band at low
frequency. The operating bands of the proposed antenna cover LTE/GSM/UMTS
eight bands operation. The overall dimensions of 40×100×0.8 mm3 can be easily
applied in today’s mobile phones.

References

978-1-61284-463-3/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE 4


[1] C.-T. Lee and K.-L. Wong, “Uniplanar coupled-fed printed PIFA for
WWAN/WLAN operation in the mobile phone,” Microwave Opt. Technol.
Lett., vol. 51, pp. 1250-1257., 2009
[2] K.-L. Wong and C.-H. Huang, “Bandwidth-enhanced internal PIFA with a
coupling feed for quad-band operation in the mobile phone,” Microwave Opt.
Technol. Lett., vol. 50, pp. 683-687, 2008.
[3] K.-L. Wong and C.-H. Huang, “Printed PIFA with a coplanar coupling feed
for penta-band operation in the mobile phone,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett.
vol. 50, pp. 3181-3186, 2008.
[4] C.-H. Chang and K.-L. Wong, “Internal coupled-fed shorted monopole
antenna for GSM850/900/ 1800/1900/UMTS operation on the laptop
computer,” IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat., vol. 56, pp. 3600-3604, 2008.
[5] C.-H. Chang and K.-L. Wong “Printed λ/8-PIFA for penta-band WWAN
operation in the mobile phone,” IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat., vol. 57, pp.
1373-1381, 2009.
[6] K.-L. Wong and W.-Y. Chen “Internal Mobile Phone Antenna with
Distributed LC Matching Circuit for Eight-band LTE/WWAN Operation,”
Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 52, pp. 2244-2250, October 2010.
[7] K.-L. Wong and W.-Y. Chen “Small-Size Printed Loop-Type Antenna
Integrated with two Antenna Integrated With Two Stacked Coupled-Fed
Shorted Strip Monopoles for Eight-band LTE/GSM/UMTS Operation in the
mobile phone,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 52, pp. 1471-1476, July
2010.
[8] K.-L. Wong and M.-F. Tu "Small-Size Coupled-Fed Printed PIFA For
Internal Eight-Band LTE/GSM/UMTS Phone Antenna,” Microwave Opt.
Technol. Lett, vol. 52, pp. 2123-2128, September 2010.

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