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CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The summary of the findings, conclusions drawn and recommendations

listed by the researchers from the results gathered on the antibacterial activity of

Averrhoa carambola (Starfruit) leaf extract were presented in this chapter.

Summary of Findings

This study conducted an experimental type of research to determine the

antibacterial activities of A. carambola (Starfruit) leaf extract.

The antibacterial activity of Averrhoa carambola (Starfruit) leaf extract was

determined in three treatments. The treatments used were distilled water as the

negative control (T1), Amoxicillin (antibiotic drug) as the positive control (T2), and

leaf extract of Averrhoa carambola (Starfruit) as experimental treatment (T3). E.

coli as gram-negative and B. subtilis as gram-positive were used as test subjects

in this study. The determination of the zone of inhibition was taken after 24 hours

and 48 hours of incubation.

Results of the experiment showed that there was a zone of inhibition in

the E. coli and B. subtilis. The Amoxicillin as the positive control inhibited the

growth of E. coli and B. subtilis significantly with a zone that ranges between

15mm to 30mm while the leaf extract of A. carambola (Starfruit) that serves as

the third treatment, performed moderate antibacterial activity with a zone that
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ranges between 9mm to 17mm. The distilled water as the negative control did

not exhibit any zone of inhibition in the growth of the bacteria.

This results concludes that the leaf extract of Averrhoa carambola

(Starfruit) exhibit the ability to inhibit and control the growth of the gram-positive

bacterium E. coli and gram-negative bacterium B. subtilis.

Conclusions

As the result of the experiment, the researchers has concluded that:

1. That leaf extract of Averrhoa carambola (Starfruit) inhibited the

growth of E. coli;

2. That leaf extract of Averrhoa carambola (Starfruit) inhibited the

growth of B. subtilis;

3. The results of the ANOVA showed that there is a significant

difference in the zone of inhibition of the two bacteria using the

extract.

Recommendations

On the basis of the conclusions drawn, the researchers recommends that

this study could further be enhanced by other researchers who want to work on

similar study.

1. A study could be done using different concentrations so as to

determine the lowest concentration of the extract for pharmaceutical

purposes;
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2. A study of specific properties of A. carambola leaves responsible for

inhibiting the growth of the two (E. coli and B. subtilis) bacteria and;

3. A similar study could be conducted using the similar extract for

antibacterial activity but with other bacterial subjects of gram-positive,

gram-negative and spore-forming bacteria.